2013 WATER QUALITY (B&C)

2013 WATER QUALITY 2013 WATER QUALITY (B&C) (B&C)

KAREN LANCOURKAREN LANCOURNational Bio Rules National Bio Rules

Committee ChairmanCommittee Chairman

Joyce BockClinton River

Watershed Council Volunteer

Event Rules – 2013

DISCLAIMERThis presentation was prepared using draft rules. There may be some changes in the final copy of the rules. The rules which will be in your Coaches Manual and Student Manuals will be the official rules.

Event Rules – 2013

• BE SURE TO CHECK THE 2013 EVENT RULES FOR EVENT PARAMETERS AND TOPICS FOR EACH COMPETITION LEVEL

TRAINING MATERIALS TRAINING MATERIALS • Training Power Point Training Power Point – content overview– content overview• Training Handout Training Handout – content information – content information • Sample Tournament Sample Tournament – sample problems with key – sample problems with key • Event Supervisor Guide Event Supervisor Guide – prep tips, setup needs, – prep tips, setup needs,

and scoring tipsand scoring tips• Internet Resources & Training Materials Internet Resources & Training Materials – on the – on the

Science Olympiad website at Science Olympiad website at www.soinc.org under under Event InformationEvent Information

• AA Biology-Earth Science CD Biology-Earth Science CD and a and a Water Quality CD Water Quality CD are available from SO store atare available from SO store at www.soinc.org

EVENT COMPONENTS EVENT COMPONENTS

• Ecology Content – 2013Ecology Content – 2013– Part 1 – Freshwater and Estuary Ecology Part 1 – Freshwater and Estuary Ecology – Part 2 – Identify Macro-flora and fauna Part 2 – Identify Macro-flora and fauna – Part 3 – Water Monitoring and AnalysisPart 3 – Water Monitoring and Analysis

• Process skillsProcess skills in data, graph and diagram analysis • Event parameters – Event parameters – check the event parameters in check the event parameters in

the rules for resources allowed.the rules for resources allowed.

Part 1: Freshwater and Estuary EcologyAreas such as:

– Freshwater EcologyFreshwater Ecology– Aquatic Food Chains and WebsAquatic Food Chains and Webs– Population DynamicsPopulation Dynamics– Community Interactions Community Interactions – Nutrient Recycling Nutrient Recycling – Water CycleWater Cycle– Aquatic Chemistry and its implications for life Aquatic Chemistry and its implications for life – Potable Water TreatmentPotable Water Treatment– Waste Water TreatmentWaste Water Treatment– Watershed Resource Management IssuesWatershed Resource Management Issues– Sedimentation Pollution Sedimentation Pollution – Exotic/invasive/harmful speciesExotic/invasive/harmful species

General Principles of Freshwater and Estuary Ecology

ECOLOGYECOLOGY – how organisms interact with one another and with their environment

ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT – living and non-living components • ABIOTICABIOTIC – non-living component or physical factors – non-living component or physical factors

as soil, rainfall, sunlight, temperaturesas soil, rainfall, sunlight, temperatures• BIOTICBIOTIC – living component are other organisms – living component are other organisms.

ECOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

• INDIVIDUALINDIVIDUAL – individual organisms• POPULATIONPOPULATION – organisms of same species in

same area (biotic factors)• COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY – several populations in same

area (biotic factors) • ECOSYSTEMECOSYSTEM – community plus abiotic factors • BIOSPHEREBIOSPHERE – all ecosystems on earth

Aquatic Ecosystems

Lotic ecosystems – flowing waterStreams Rivers

Lentic ecosystems – still waterPondsLakesWetlands

Estuary ecosystems

Watershed

A watershed or drainage basin is an area of land where water from rain and melting snow or ice drains downhill into a body of water, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea or ocean.

ECOLOGY OF INDIVIDUALS

• Homeostasis Homeostasis – delicate balance– delicate balance • Components Components – Physiological Ecology Physiological Ecology – Temperature and Water BalanceTemperature and Water Balance– Light and Biological CyclesLight and Biological Cycles– Physiological Ecology and ConservationPhysiological Ecology and Conservation

ECOLOGY OF POPULATIONS

• Properties of populationsProperties of populations• Patterns of distribution and densityPatterns of distribution and density• Intraspecific competitionIntraspecific competition• Population dynamicsPopulation dynamics• Growth and regulationGrowth and regulation• Altering population growthAltering population growth• Human impactHuman impact

ECOLOGY OF COMMUNITIES

• Closed vs. Open communitiesClosed vs. Open communities– ClosedClosed – – sharp boundariessharp boundaries– OpenOpen – – Lack boundariesLack boundaries

• Species abundance and diversitySpecies abundance and diversity• Trophic Structure of CommunitiesTrophic Structure of Communities– Food chainsFood chains– Food webFood web– Trophic pyramidTrophic pyramid

Food Chain

algae mayflies stoneflies trout humans

• Producer• 1st order Consumer or Herbivore• 2nd order Consumer or 1st order Carnivore• 3rd order Consumer or 2nd order Carnivore• 4th order Consumer or 3rd order Carnivore• Decomposers – consume dead and decaying matter as

bacteria

Food Web

INTERACTIONS AMONG SPECIES

• InteractionsInteractions• Interspecific competitionInterspecific competition• PredationPredation• ExploitationExploitation• SymbiosisSymbiosis

Types of Species Interactions

• NeutralNeutral – two species do not interact – two species do not interact • Mutualism Mutualism – both benefit – both benefit • CommensalismCommensalism – one benefits, other neutral – one benefits, other neutral • ParasitismParasitism – one benefits, one harmed – one benefits, one harmed

but not killed but not killed • PredationPredation – one benefits, other killed – one benefits, other killed

ECOLOGY OF ECOSYSTEMS

• Energy Flow Energy Flow – Energy Flow PyramidsEnergy Flow Pyramids– Bio-mass PyramidsBio-mass Pyramids

• Community Succession and StabilityCommunity Succession and Stability• Nutrient Recycling Nutrient Recycling – – nutrient cycles nutrient cycles

Energy vs Nutrient

• Nutrients – cyclic(Biogeochemical Cycles)

• Energy flow – one way

Ecologic Pyramids

Ecological pyramid - a graph representing trophic level numbers within an ecosystem. The primary producer level is at the base of the pyramid with the consumer levels above. Numbers pyramid - compares the number of individuals in each trophic level. May be inverteddue to size of individualsBiomass pyramid - compares the total dry weight of the organisms in each trophic level. Energy pyramid - compares the total amount of energy available in each trophic level. This energy is usually measured in kilocalories.

Ecological Pyramids

Biogeochemical Cycles recycles nutrients

• Hydrologic CycleHydrologic Cycle • Phosphorus CyclePhosphorus Cycle

• Nitrogen CycleNitrogen Cycle

• Carbon CycleCarbon Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle

Phosphorus Cycle

Carbon Cycle

Hydrologic (Water) Cycle

Potable Water Treatment

Sewage Treatment

Part 2: Macro-flora and Fauna

• Identify macroinvertebrates

• Identify aquatic nuisance plants by their common name

• Relate organisms to water and wetland quality

Indicator Species

FOR Division C ONLY students will also be expected to know the general ecology, life cycles, and feeding habitats of all listed organisms

Class 1-pollution sensitive Class 2-moderately sen. Class 3-moderately tolerant Class 4-pollution tol. Class 5 Air Br.

Mayfly Aquatic Sowbug Water Mite Air Breathing Snail Whirligig BeetleCaddisfly Damselfly Midge Deer/Horse Fly Water StriderStonefly Dragonfly Blackfly Tubifex Mosquito Dobsonfly Scuds Flatworm Blood Midge Giant Water BugGilled Snails Crane Fly Leeches Back SwimmerWater Penny Water BoatmanRiffle Beetle Predacious Diving BeetleWater Scorpion

Aquatic Nuisance Plants: Purple Loosestrife, Eurasian Water Milfoil and Water Hyacinth.Aquatic Nuisance Animals: Zebra Mussel; Spiny Water Flea ,Asian Tiger Mosquito, and Carp

Part 3: Water Monitoring

• Understand and interpret data related to testing procedures and purposes for water testing (No actual testing)

• Build and demonstrate a salinometercapable of testing saltwater (1-10%)

Chemical Analysis • Salinity - Salinity - only actual testing with salinometeronly actual testing with salinometer• pHpH• PhosphatesPhosphates• Dissolved oxygenDissolved oxygen• TemperatureTemperature• NitratesNitrates• Fecal ColiformFecal Coliform• Total solidsTotal solids• Biochemical oxygen demand Biochemical oxygen demand

Their relationship to one anotherTheir relationship to one another

Salinomter – Hydrometer

• SalinometersSalinometers / HydrometersHydrometers

• HydrometerHydrometer calibrated to read in % of salt concentration

• MaterialsMaterials – soda straw modeling clay a fine-tipped permanent marker a tall clear container to hold the solution for calibrating your device salt for mixing one or more standard

solutions water (tap water will work-distilled is

better)

Sample Analysis Using the picture below, explain all of the possible human caused problems that can occur. In addition, what

types of chemical testing would you perform to confirm your suspicions?