2013 ColombiaUSANano 1 14 Invited speakers from the US representing Rice, Cornell, Univ. Illinois, Northeastern, UT San Antonio, Purdue, and CTO of GE (Energy Systems) Panelists Carlos Fonseca, the director of Colciencias Vice-rectors of research of U. de los Andes, U. Nacional, Universidad EAFIT, Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad del Valle, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Alex Orr, US embassy Neil Vallesteros, ONR-global Arden Bement, Purdue’s Global Policy Research Institute Ann Mason, then director of Fulbright-Colombia
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2013 ColombiaUSANano...Arvind Raman Mechanical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University Top ten discoveries in materials science in the past 50 years Materials Today,
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2013 ColombiaUSANano
1
14 Invited speakers from the US representing
Rice, Cornell, Univ. Illinois, Northeastern, UT San
Antonio, Purdue, and CTO of GE (Energy Systems)
Panelists
Carlos Fonseca, the director of Colciencias
Vice-rectors of research of U. de los Andes, U.
Nacional, Universidad EAFIT, Universidad de
Antioquia, Universidad del Valle, Universidad
Pontificia Bolivariana
Alex Orr, US embassy
Neil Vallesteros, ONR-global
Arden Bement, Purdue’s Global Policy Research
Institute
Ann Mason, then director of Fulbright-Colombia
Outcomes2013 ColombiaUSANano Univ de los Andes 2017 USAColombia Nano
Univ Antioquia- Northeastern University partnership on
nanomedicine
Uniandes-SENA-Penn State collaboration on nanotech
education
Nacional-U. Texas collaboration on nanoparticles
Sumicol Corona- Univ of Illinois collaboration on nanoceramics
Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Nanotechnology Engineering
Program launched
SENA workshop on nanotechnology with Purdue
The Nanotechnology Center effort was been taken up by RutaN
– national policy for nanotechnology infrastructure proposed
Advances in Atomic Force Microscopy for the Characterization of Complex Materials and Live Cells
Arvind Raman
Mechanical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University
Top ten discoveries in materials
science in the past 50 yearsMaterials Today, vol 11, 2008, P. Ball, Nature Materials, 2008
The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors
Scanning probe microscopes
Giant magnetoresistive effect
Semiconductor lasers and light-emitting diodes
National Nanotechnology Initiative
Carbon fiber reinforced plastics
Materials for Li ion batteries
Carbon nanotubes
Soft lithography
Metamaterials
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Bio-AFM
Andor spinning disk confocal
+Asylum MFP3DCypher Asylum
Agilent 55002 Nanotec Electronica’s
Polytec LDV MSA400
Virtual Environment for
Dynamic AFM (VEDA 2.0)
AFM Research Facilities
Atomic resolution TM-AFM
mica and Calcite in water
nanoHUB resources for AFM
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D. Kiracofe, J. Melcher, S. Hu and A. Raman ~2000 users; ~15,000 simulations • Used by all major AFM companies• Air/vacuum/water simulations• AM/FM-AFM, bimodal
Virtual environment for dynamic AFM (VEDA) is a open-source, free cyber-infrastructure enabled online simulator for AFM available on nanohub (www.nanohub.org). VEDA funded by Network for Computational Nanotechnology and Dow AFM division
I have been using VEDA …
… found it to be extremely useful.
… enabled us to make better choices
in designing new probes.
… used VEDA as a check on other
calculations.
Roger Proksch, President
Asylum Research
Colombian PI’s such as Alba Avila also deploy tools on nanoHUB
How to measure live cell mechanical properties with the AFM?
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Force distance curves at a pointCross et al, 2007, Iyer et al Nature Nanotechnology, 2009
Point by point force distance curves (force volume)
Radmacher et al, Micron 2012
- Low resolution (~ 32 by 32) , Low speed ~ 100’s of pixels a minuteNormal vs malignant thyroid cell maps
Our approach- multi-harmonic AFM
Use high frequency, directly excited, resonant probes
scanning over sample at high speed
Observe changes in harmonics to map local mechanical
properties (viscoelasticity) – Multiharmonic AFM
Use harmonic balance to determine local properties
>10,000 pixels per minute throughput
11Raman, Trigueros, Cartagena et al, Nature Nanotechnology, 2011
i
β
Example 1: fibroblasts
12Raman, Trigueros et al, Nature Nanotechnology, 2011
Organ: Mammary gland; breast
Disease: carcinoma
Derived from metastatic site: Pleural effusion
Cell Type: Epithelial
MDA-MB-231 cell
Example 2: Carcinoma cells (~20 min)
Syk EGFPNucleusTubulin
Collaboration with Dr. R. Geahlen and M. Krisenko, Purdue Cancer Center
to understand the mechanobiology of Syk tumor suppression
No Syk
expressed
Low Syk
induction
Krisenko, Cartagena, Raman, Geahlen, “Nanomechanical property maps of breast cancer cells by multi-
harmonic atomic force microscopy reveal Syk-dependent changes in microtubule stability mediated by
MAP1B”, Biochemistry, 2014
Dr. R. Geahlen
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Boosting speed (~1 min., 256 by 256 pixels, 10,000’s pixels a minute)
Cartagena, Raman et al., NPG Scientific Reports, 2015 14
Cartagena, Raman et al., NPG Scientific Reports, 2015
Nanomechanical kinetics of Syk
knockdown on breast cancer cells
A0
EstorageEloss
d0
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3T3 fibroblasts
CO2-independent
medium, 37°C
Cantilever (BL-TR-
400PB) with a spherical
probe (5 μm diameter);
k = 0.03 nN/nm;
Scanner displacement
rate: 2 μm/s
Z-axis
Force-displacement curve
Z-a
xis
How to extract viscoelastic parameters directly from the force curves?Efremov, Raman et al, Measuring nanoscale viscoelastic parameters of cells directly from AFM force-displacement curves, in review Scientific Reports, 2017
Quantifying viscoelastic relaxation of live cells rapidly
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Combined fluorescence and AFMAFM
head
Spinning disk
confocal
(SDC)
microscope
Measuring cell relaxation during nano-indentation
by staining of actin cytoskeleton with SIR-actin
probe in MDA-MB-231 cells
X-Y
Z-Y
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Z-Y section X-Y section
AFM Trends
Quantitative physical property mapping
Combined instruments
Sub-surface imaging
High-speed imaging
Higher-resolution imaging
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Polymer based nano-composites use nano-fillers
CNT’s, graphene, Nanoparticles of silica, clay, Ti02, iron oxide