20120430 Migrant Policy Translation-checked

ေရႊ႔႔ေျပာငးေနထငသမား စမခန႔ခြမႈ မဝါဒအေျပာငးအလ ေပၚ၌ ေ႔ရဆကေစာငၾကညေနရန -

၁၄ ရက ဇြနလ ၂၀၁၂ ေနာကပငး မဝါဒ ႏင ညႊနၾကားမႈ

အဒစြန ကာဒမြနးေကာလ

အျပညျပညဆငရာ ကယဆယေရးေကာမတ (IRC)

"The end of illegal migrant era in Thailand is getting closer" was the headline of

press release from Department of Employment which referred to the migrant

management policy which the cabinet has a resolution on 13 February 2012. This

headline shows the confidence of Department of Employment which may not be

taken lightly as before since some of the changing tendencies, particularly factors

from country of origin, may assist the change to happen as claimed.

“ထငးႏငင တရားမဝငေရႊ႔ေျပာငးေနထင ရနနးလာ” ဆသည႔ အလပ ရာ

ေဖြေရး႒ာန၏ သတငးစာပါ ေခါငးစဥ ေရႊ႔ေၿပာငးေနထငသမား ၏ စမ ခန႔ခြေရး မဝါဒ ၁၃

ရက ေဖေဖၚဝါရလ ၂၀၁၂ အစးရအဖြ႔၏ ေၾကျငာစာတနးက ရညၫႊနးထား ပါသည။ ဤသတငး

ေခါငးစဥ သည အလပရာေဖြေရး႒ာန၏ ကသ႔ ေလာေပါ၍ ကငတြယ ေျဖ ရငးေတာမည

မဟတေၾကာငး က ျပလကျခငးျဖစသည။ အေၾကာငးမာ အခ ႔ေသာ အေျပာငးအလမားဟ ဆရ

မရငးႏငင၏ အေၾကာငးအ အေျခအေနမား ရေနၿပ ျဖစ ျခငး ေၾကာင ၎အဆျပထား

သည အေျပာငးအလကကညေပးႏငရနျဖစသည။

What are the directions of the management of illegal Burmese, Laotian and

Cambodian migrants 2012?

At present, Thailand's management of migrant labours from neighbouring countries

of Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia would focus on undocumented migrant workers or

"illegal migrant workers" as referred by the government agency which is the majority

of migrant workers in Thailand. To understand about the management of this

migrant group at present, we should look back to the beginning of management in

2004 which the cabinet had resolution to allow migrant workers from 3 countries

and their followers to stay and request for work in Thailand temporary in order to

regulate the employment of migrant labours in Thailand. Migrants and their followers

have to report to the registrar and create registration profile (Tor Ror 38/1). After

wards, migrants would have to go through health check-up and do the health

insurance. Then they would submit request for work permit with Department of

Employment. This is the procedure which has been conducted during 2004-2012

with the annual renewal of migrants who are already registered and the new

registration for migrants who never register or request for work permit before which

conducted last time in 2012.

In the mean time, in order for the legal employment system, Thailand has

coordinated with neighbouring countries for MoU in legal employment of migrant

workers which conducts in 2 ways; 1) migrants who were allowed to stay and work

in Thailand can go through national verification at the country of origin. After being

certified as population of such country, they will be issued temporary passports or

travelling document which would lead to the legal employment system later, 2)

Importing migrant workers according to the MoU of Thailand and neighbouring

countries which is the legal employment of procedure for migrant workers.

Hence, currently we can divide migrant workers into 3 groups which are; those who

were temporary allowed to stay and work in Thailand, those who passed the

national verification process, and those who are employed through MoU.

ျမနမာ၊လာအ ႏင ကေ ႓ာဒးယား ေရႊ ႔ေျပာငးေနထငသမား ၏ ၂၀၁၂ ခႏစ

စမခန႔ခြမႈႏင ဥးတည ခက မား အဘ ?

လကရတြင ထငးႏငင၏ အမနးခငး ႏငငမားျဖစေသာ ျမနမာ၊လာအ ႏင ကေ ႓ာဒးယား ေရႊ ႔

ေျပာငးအလပသမားမားစမခန႔ခြမႈ မာ ထငးႏငင အစးရဌာန၏ ေရႊ ႔ေျပာငးအလပသမားမား

အမား အေထာကအထားမရေသာ ေရႊ ႔ေျပာငး အလပသမားမား (သ႔) တရားမဝငေရႊ ႔ေျပာငး

အလပသမားမား အ အေပၚသ႔ဥးတညေနမည

ျဖစပါသည။လကရထေရႊ ႔ေျပာငးအပစ၏ စမခန႔ ခြမႈ က နား လညရန အစးရအဖြ႔၏ ၃ ႏငငမ

ေရႊ ႔ေျပာငးအလပသမားမား ႏငအတ သတ႔ေတြ၏ ေနာကလကပါသမား ထငးႏငငတြင

ယာယေနထင၍ အလပလပခြငေတာငးဆမႈက ထငးႏငငရ အလပသမားမား၏ အလပအကင

လညပတမႈရေစရန ခြငျပေၾကာငး ၂၀၀၄ခႏစ စမခန႔ခြမႈ အစဥး၌ ေၾကျငာစာတနးကျပနၾကညရပါ

မည။ ေရႊ႔ေျပာငးေနထငသမားႏင သတ႔၏ေနာကပါ မတပတငဌာန သ႔အေၾကာငး

ၾကား၍မတပတင(ေထာေရာ ၃၈/၁) ျပလပရပါသည။ထ႔ေနာက ေရႊ႔ေျပာငး ေနထငသမား

ကနးမာေရးစစေဆး၍ ကနးမာေရးအာမခ ျပလပရပါသည။ ေနာကတြင လပငနးဥးစးဌာနသ႔

အလပလပခြငလကမတအတြကတငသြငးရပါသည။ ဤပစျဖင၂၀၀၄ မ ၂၀၁၂ ထ ႏစစဥ

မတပတငၿပးျဖစေသာေရႊ ႔ေျပာငးေနထငသ မား မတပ တင သကတနးတးရန ႏင အရငက

တစခါမ မတပမတငရေသးသ အလပလပခြင မေလာက ထားရ ေသးသ ေရႊ ႔ေျပာငးေနထင

သမား အသစျပန လည မတပတငရနအတြက၂၀၁၂ ခႏစက ေနာက ဆးအႀကမ ေဆာငရြက

ေပးချခငးျဖစသည။

တခနတညးမာပင ထငးႏငငသည တရားဝငအလပ လပကငေရးစနစ အတြက အမ ခငး

ႏငငမားႏင(MOU)ေခၚ ႏစႏငငနားလညသေဘာတညမႈစာခြန ျဖင ေရႊ ႔ ေျပာငးအလပသမား

မား တရားဝင အလပလပ ကငေရးစနစ က နညးလမး ႏစသြယ ျဖင ပး ေပါငး ေဆာငရြက

ခၾ ပါသည။

နညးလမး ၁) ထငးႏငငတြင ေနထင၍ အလပလပကငရန အခြငရထားသသည မရငးႏငင သ႔

ျပန ၍ ႏငငသားစစစေရးအတြက ဝငေရာကရမညျဖစသည။ ထသ႔ မရငးႏငငမ ျဖစေၾကာငး အ

ေထာကအထား ခင ၿပျဖစပါက ယာယႏငငကးလကမတ(သ႔) ခရသြားလားခြင လကမတအျဖစ

ထတေပးမညျဖစၿပးထမတစဆင တရားဝငအလပလပကငျခငး စနစ သ႔ဥးတညသြားလမမညျဖစ

သည။ ၂) ထငးႏငငႏင အမနးခငးႏငငမား ၏ (MOU) ေခၚ ႏစႏငငနားလညသေဘာတ

ညမႈစာခြန အရ ေရႊ႕ေျပာငးအလပ သမားမား တရားဝင လပထးလပ အတငး

အလပသမားမားဝငေရာကေစျခငးျဖစသည။

ထ႔ေၾကာင ယခလကရတြင ေရႊ ႔ေျပာငးအလပသမားမားအ အပစ ၃ စ အျဖစခြ ျခား ႏငသည။

ဤသညမာ- ထငးႏငငတြင ယာယ ေနထငခြငႏင အလပလပခြင ရရထားသျဖစျခငး၊ ႏငငသား

ျဖစေၾကာငး စစစမႈေအာငၿပးသျဖစျခငး၊ (MOU)ေခၚႏစႏငငနားလညသေဘာတညမႈစာခြန ျဖင

အလပလပေနသျဖစျခငး ဟ၍ျဖစသည။

So what does the cabinet's resolution on 13 February 2012 tell us about "the

management of illegal Burmese, Laotian and Cambodian migrant labours 2012"?

Firstly, the cabinet's resolution has extended the period of staying for migrant

workers who already received permission to stay and work in Thailand temporary

according to the cabinet's resolution on 19 January 2011 as the temporary stay

period has been ended on 28 February 2011. Migrants are now allowed to stay and

work until 14 June 2012 which they have to go through national verification

procedure by 14 June 2012 as well.

For the indulgence procedure of work permit renewal, concerned agencies in

renewal work permit, health check-up and health insurance, shall implement

according to the procedure and finish by 14 June 2012. If during the time, the fee

for work permit request shall be exempted from collecting from migrants who have

passed the national verification process to avoid the duplication. Chiangmai

Provincial office of employment has indicated that the renewal of work permit can be

done until 13 April 2012.

Secondly, migrants who received permission to temporary stay and work in Thailand

according to the cabinet's resolution on 26 April 2011, which their work permits will

be be expired by 14 June 2012, should go through the national verification process

by 14 June 2012.

Thirdly, the cabinet's resolution has set the visa fee for migrants who passed the

national verification and the imported migrants according to the MoU to 500 Baht

and if they stay for 2 years, their visa fee will also be 500 Baht which includes health

check-up after passing the national verification process.

Lastly, the cabinet's resolution has extended the period of collecting fee for the fund

to send back migrants to country of origin according to the Foreigners' Work B.E.

2551 for another year.

ဤသ႔ဆလင ၁၃ရက ေဖေဖၚဝါရလ ၂၀၁၂ အစးရအဖြ႔၏ ေၾကျငာစာတနးမ “ မနမာ၊ လာအ ႏင

ကေ ႓ာဒးယား တရားမဝငျဖစေသာ ေရႊ ႔ေျပာငးအလပသမားမား၏ ၂၀၁၂ စမခန႔ခြမႈအေၾကာငး

ေျပာထားသနညး”?

ပထမဥးစြာ အစးရအဖြ ႔၏ ေၾကျငာစာတ း သည ထငးႏငငတြင ယာယေနထငခြငႏင အလပ

လပခြင ရရထားၿပး ၁၉ ရက ဇနနဝါရလ ၂၀၁၁ ခႏစ အစးရအဖြ႔၏ ေၾကျငာစာတ းအရ ၂၈ ရက

ေဖေဖၚဝါရလ ၂၀၁၂ ခႏစတြင ထေနထငခြငသကတ းကနဆးခသည ေရႊ ႔ေျပာငး အလပသမား

မား၏ ေနထင ခြငကာလကတး ေပးခသည။ ယခအ တြင ေရႊ ႔ေျပာငးအလပသမားမား သည

၁၄ ရက ဇြနလ ၂၀၁၂ ခႏစ အထ ဆကလကေနထငခြငရရထားၾကၿပျဖစ၍ ၁၄ ရက ဇြနလ

၂၀၁၂ အတြငး၌ႏငငသားျဖစေၾကာငးစစစမႈလပစဥကလညးတစပါတညးဝငေရာကရမညျဖစ

သည။

ဤသ႔ အခြငသာေသာ အလပခြငျပခက သကတ းတးျခငးအစစဥ၊ အလပလပကငခြင လက

မတ သကတ းတးျခငးအတြက သကဆငေသာ အဖြ႔မား၊ကနးမာေရး စစေဆးျခငးႏင

ကနးမာေရး အာမခ စသညမားသည ေဆာငရြကမႈအစစဥအတငး လပေဆာငသြားၿပး ၁၄ရက

ဇြနလ ၂၀၁၂ ခႏစ ၌ၿပးစးရနျဖစပါသည။ ထအခနအတြငး၌ ႏငငသားစစစမႈ ေအာငထားၿပးသ

ေရႊ ႔ေျပာငး အလပသမားမားထမ အလပခြငျပခက ေလာကထားမႈ ဝနေဆာငခ က ႏစႀကမ

ေကာကခမႈ ျဖစႏငျခငး မ ေရာငၾကဥသြားမညျဖစသည။ခငးမင ခရငဆငရာ လပငနးဥးစဌာနရး

မ အလပခြငျပခကသကတနးတးျခငးက ၁၃ရက ဧၿပလ၂၀၁၂ မတငမ ၿပးစး ႏငေၾကာငး

ထြကဆခသည။

ဒတယအေနျဖင ထငးႏငငတြင ေနထငခြငႏင အလပလပခြင ရရထားသ ၂၆ရက ဧၿပ

၂၀၁၁ အစးရအဖြ႔၏ ေၾကျငာစာတ းအရ ထသတ႔၏ အလပခြငျပခကသကတ းသည ၁၄ရက

ဇြနလ ၂၀၁၂ခႏစတြင ကနဆးမညျဖစၿပး ၁၄ရက ဇြနလ ၂၀၁၂ အတြငး၌ ႏငငသားစစစမႈ

အစစဥက ဝငေရာကရမညျဖစသည။

တတယအ မာ အစးရအဖြ႔၏ ေၾကျငာစာတ းမ ႏငငသားစစစမႈ ေအာငၿပးသ ႏင (MOU)

ေခၚႏစႏငငနားလညသေဘာတညမႈစာခြန ျဖင ဝငေရာကလာသ ေရႊ ႔ေျပာငးေန ထငသမား

အတြက ဗဇာေၾကး ဘတ ၅၀၀ ႏင သတ႔ ၂ႏစေနလငလညး ႏငငသားစစစေရး ဝငေရာကၿပး

ေနာက ကနးမာေရး ေဆးစစခက အပါအဝင ဗဇာေၾကးမာ ဘတ ၅၀၀ ပငျဖစမည။

ဆးတြင အစးရအဖြ႔၏ေၾကျငာစာတ း၌ ႏငငရပၿခားသ႕အလပ သြားေရာကလပကငျခငး

ဥပေဒၿပ႒ာနးခက (B.E. 2551) (ဗဒၶသကရာဇ ၂၅၅၁ ခႏစ) အရ ေရႊ ႔ေျပာငးေနထငသမားက

မရငးႏငငသ႔ ျပနပ႔ရန အတြက ရနပေငြေကာကခရန အခနကာလက တစႏစ ထပမ၍

တးျမငေပးခသည။

What makes the Department of Employment so confident?

မညသညအရာသညအလပသမားရာေဖြေရး႒ာနအားလပငနးအေကာငထညေဖာသညေနရာတြင

ပ၍ ၾ ေစသနညး။

ၿမနမာႏငငအစးရသည ေရြ ေျပာငးအလပသမားမားအတြက ကယေရးရာဇဝင အခကအလက

ေကာကယသည လပေဆာငမစနစတြင စကေဖာငအစား အငတေခတမနညးပညာၿဖင

အခကအလကမားေကာကလာသည႔ ေနာကပငး အလပရငမားႏင ေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမားမား

ႏငငသားစစစၿခငးႏင အလပလပခြငေလာက သည႔လပေဆာငမတြင ပမလြယကေခာေမြ႕လာ

ေစခသည။ အလပရငမ ၿမနမာႏငငအလပသမား၀နၾကး႒ာန၏ )ဆဒထသ႕၀ငၿပးအလပ

သမားမား၏ ႏငငသားစစစၿခငးႏငသကဆငရာအခကအလကမားက ၿဖညစြကႏင သည။

ေနာက ၿမနမာႏငငအလပသမား၀နၾကး႒ာနမ လပငနးရငမား၏ အခကအလကမားရရေၾကာငး

အးေမ လၿပနရသည။ သ႔မသာလင လပငနးရငမားက ထငးႏငငတြငးရ ႏငငသားစစစေရး႒ာန

တြင ထၿပနစာက သကေသအေနၿဖငအသးၿပႏငမည။ ယခလကရအေၿခအေနတြင

ၿမနမာအစးရက ထငးအစးရႏငပးေပါငးၿပး ႏငငသားစစစေရး႒ာနက ၅ေနရာ တးခ႕ဖြငလစထား

သည။၎တ႕မာ-ဘနေကာက၊ဆမြတဆာခြနး၊ ဆမြတပရားကနး၊ ဆ ႒ာန ႏင ခငးမင

တ႕ၿဖစသည။မလေနရာ ၃ ေနရာ ခငးမင၊ မေဆာကႏင ရေနာငးတ႕ လညး ဆကလကဖြင

လကရသည။(ထငးႏငငအလပရာေဖြေရး႒ာန၏ ဒါရကတာ Mr. Prawit Kiangphol ႏငေတြ႕ဆ

ေမးၿမနးခကအရ “ထငးႏငငတြငတရားမ၀ငအလပသမားေခတၿပးဆးခါနးလာၿပ။” ဟဆသည။

(၀ပ ဆဒhttp://wp.doe.go.th/sites/default/files/news/228.pdf )

“ Overall, employers and migrants who comes to fill forms for national

verification process and renewal of work permit will be facilitated and more

convenient since the Burmese government has improved implementation by using IT

system in collecting data instead of paper work.Employers can fill he form through

Myanmar's Ministry of Labour's website to verify nationality. Then Myanmar's

Ministry of Labour will send email for confirmation to the employers straightway so

that can be used as evidence at the nationality verification centre in

Thailand.Recently, Myanmar's official has collaborated with Thai government in

opening more 5 Nationality Verification Centre in Bangkok, Samutsakorn,

Samutprakarn, Suratthani and Chiangmai, from the 3 already opening centres in

Chiangrai, Tak and Ranong.”(From the interview with Mr. PrawitKiangphol, Director

of Department of Employment from the dissemination document of Department of

Employment, "The end of illegal migrant era in Thailand is getting closer",

website:http://wp.doe.go.th/sites/default/files/news/228.pdf )

ၿမနမာႏငငအစးရ၏ ပးေပါငးပါ၀ငမႏငေၿပာငးလမမားေၾကာင အလပရာေဖြေရး႒ာန တရားမ၀င

ေရႊ႕ေၿပာငး အလပသမားေခတ ၿပးဆးေတာမညအေၾကာငးေပၚက စၿပးစတခယၾကညလာ

ေစခသည။ အမနးခငးႏငင ၃ ႏငငမ ၿမနမာေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမားမားမာ အမားဆးၿဖစၿပး

၇၀% ေလာကရသည။ ယခငက ၿမနမာေရႊ႕ေၿပာငး အလပသမားမား ႏငငသားစစစေရးလပ

ေဆာငရာတြင ရပေထြးၿပး အခနၾကာေႏာငေႏးခမေၾကာင အလပသမားမားႏင အလပသမား

ကြပက တြငလြနစြာထခကေစခသည။ေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမားတ႕၏ ႏငင၏ေတာင ခက

အရႏငငသားစစစေရးလပေဆာငရာတြငထငးနယစပတြငသာလပေဆာငခသည။ဤ လပ

ေဆာငၿခငးသညေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမားမားအတြကအခကအခၿဖစေစသညအၿပင ၾကားပြစား

မားကအလပသမားမားအေပၚေခါငးပၿဖတမႏငလပငနးစဥ ေႏးေကြးမမားၿဖစေပၚေစခသည။

It can be concluded in the beginning that what makes department of employment so

sure about the ending of illegal migrant labours according to their opinion might be

because of the changing attitudes and implementation on nationality verification

process of Myanmar's government.70% of migrant workers from 3 neighbouring

countries are Burmese and in the past, it seemed that the nationality verification

process was slow and its complexity has affected migrant workers and the migrant

management as whole. This due to the irrationalsystem of the country of origin,

whether that you have to do Burmese nationality verification process at the border

area, which is inconvenient for migrants and may be a gap for people trying to make

profit from migrants, or the delay of the process.

ေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမားတ႕၏မ ႏငငၿဖစေသာၿမနမာႏငင၏ေၿပာငးလမသည ႏငငသားစစစ

ေရးလပငနးစဥမားကေၿပာငးလေစသညအၿပင ၿမနမာႏငင၏ႏငငေရးအေၿခအေနကပါ ေၿပာငးလ

ေစႏငမညၿဖစၿပးၿမနမာႏငငမတၿခားသ႕ေၿပာငးေရႊ႕ထြကခြာေသာအလပသမားမားပါ ေလာ

ေစႏငလမမည။သာသနာသကရာဇ ၂၅၅၁ ခႏစမၿပ႒ာနးထားေသာ ထငးႏငင၏ ႏငငရပၿခား

သ႕အလပသြားေရာကလပကငေရးအတြကၿပ႒ာနးခကအမတ ၁၄ အရႏငငတစႏငင၏ ႏငငေရး

သည အလပသမားမား တရား၀ငအလပ၀ငေရာကလပကငႏငေရးႏင အလပလပခြငေတာငး

သညေနရာတြင အလြနပငအကးသကေရာကမရသည။

The change of Myanmar as country of origin does not only creating confidence on

the national verification process system, but also the change in Myanmar's politics

has assured Ministry of Labour that the migration of labours from Myanmar will be

decreased.Most importantly, the change of politics may facilitate the legal import of

labours and the investment around the border has channel to support the work

permit request according to article 14 of Foreigners' Work Act B.E. 2551.

ၿဖစေပၚလာမညေၿပာငးလမမား-၂၀၁၂ခႏစဇြနလ၁၄ရကေနာကပငးဥးတညရာႏငအကးသက

ေရာကမ။

အကယ၍ထငးႏငငအလပသမား၀နၾကး႒ာနႏင လပငနးရာေဖြေရး႒ာန၏ ေမာမနးခကအတငး

ၿဖစလာခမည ဆလင ၂၀၁၂ ဇြနလ ၁၄ရကေနာကပငးတြင ၿမနမာ၊ လာအႏင ကေမၺာဒးယားမ

ထငးႏငငေရာကေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမား ၁ သနးခန႕ တရား၀ငအလပသမားမားၿဖစလာ

လမမည။ေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမားတငး တရား၀ငပတစ ကငေဆာငႏငမညၿဖစၿပး ထငးႏငင

တြငး ၂ ႏစတရား၀ငအလပလပေဆာငႏငၿခငးႏင ၂ ႏစသကတမးတးႏငမည။ထငးႏငငႏငမ

ႏငင၏တရား၀ငႏစႏငငသေဘာတစာခၽြနလႊာအရ ၄ ႏစၿပညၿပး ေနာကပငး ေရႊ႕ေၿပာငး

အလပသမားမား မမႏငငသ႕႔ၿပနၿပးမ ေနာကတဖန ထငးႏငငသ႕တရား၀ငၿပနလည လာေရာက

အလပလပကငခြငရသည။ ထငးႏငငႏင သေဘာတစာခပခပဆထားေသာ ႏငငအားလး ( ၃

ႏငငအ ပါအ၀င- ၿမနမာ၊ လာအ၊ ကေမၺာဒးယား)မ ေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမားမားအားလးအေပၚ

အကးသကေရာကမရသည။

The change that will happen: directions and impacts after 14 June 2012

If the situation was as expected by the department of employment, ministry of

labour, after 14 June 2012, approximately 1 million migrant labours from Myanmar,

Laos and Cambodia will be legal migrants.They will have legal passports and the

work period in Thailand will be fixed which is 2 years with another two years

extension, must return back to country of origin and can return to work in Thailand

under the legal import system according to the MoU.This will definitely affect

migrants from other countries apart from 3 countries that have MoU with Thailand

and in other field.

ေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမားမားအတြကကနးမာေရးေစာငေရာကေရးစနစ - ၾကတငစစဥထားၿခင း

မရေသာေၿပာငးလမ။

ႏငငသားစစစေရးမရရေသာအကးရလဒမာ ေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမားတ႕၏ တရား၀ငပတစပ အရ

ယခငကငေဆာငဖးေသာ ႏငငေတာကနးမာေရး႒ာနမထတေပးသည ကနးမာေရးအာမခကဒ

ၿပားအစားယခလမဖလေရး႒ာနမေဆာငရြကေပးမညလမဖလေရးလမးစဥက အသးၿပသြားမည

ၿဖစသည။ ထလမးစဥႏစမးမာ စမခန႕ခြပ ကြာၿခားမရသည။

Migrant Health System: the change which has not been prepared

The impact from all or majority passed the national verification process is that

migrants who previously used health system through the purchasing of migrant

health insurance which responsible by Ministry of Public Health will have to change

and enter the social security scheme according to the Social Security Act which

covers legal migrants with legal passport. Both systems have different management

format.

၂၀၁၂ ဇနန၀ါရလမ အလပလပခြငေလကထားၿပး ထငးႏငငတြငးယာယေနထငခြငၿပထားေသာ

ၿမနမာ၊ လာအႏင ကေမၺာဒးယား ေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမားက ၿပနလညဆနးစစၾကညမညဆပါက

ႏငငသားစစစေရး လပၿပးေနာကပငးတြင လမဖလေရးခစားခြငႏင ဥပေဒအရလပခြငမရေသာ

သမားပါ၀ငေနသည။၎တ႕မာ အမတြငးအလပလပသမား၊ ေရလပသားမား၊ ပမနအလပရင

ႏငလပကငၿခငးမဟတေသာလယ၊ ၿခအတြငးအလပလပသမားၿဖစသည။ ထယာယ ေနထငခြင

ၿပသမားထ အမတြငးအလပလပ သ ၈၅,၀၆၂ ဥး၊ ေရလပသား ၄၁,၁၂၈ ဥးႏင လယ၊

ၿခအတြငးအလပလပသ ၂၂၈,၀၄၁ ဥး ပါ၀ငေနၿပး အားလးေပါငး ၁,၂၄၈,၀၆၄ ဥးရသညက

ေတြ႕ရသည။သ႕ေသာလယ၊ ၿခအတြငးအလပလပသမားသညလညးပမနအလပသမားမားၿဖစၿပး

အလပလပခြငႏစစဥေတာငးသမားၿဖစ ေၾကာငထသ အ လမဖလေရးခစားခြင

ေပးရနစဥးစားေပးသငသည။

When consider the numbers of remaining Burmese, Laotian and Cambodian migrant

workers who were temporary allowed to stay and work in Thailand that request for

work permit in January 2012 from the types of work that will not enter the social

security after nationality verification, which are household chore, fishery and non

annual employment agricultural fields, it was found that85,062 persons are from

household chore field, 41,128 persons from fishery industry and 228,041 persons

from agricultural field, overall 354,231 persons from the total of 1,248,064 migrants

who temporary allowed to stay and work in Thailand.Nonetheless, it was found that

many migrants who work in agricultural field will do work permit annually so it needs

to be considered if they should enter the social security scheme or not.

ပမနအားၿဖငစကရ၊အလပရတြငးအလပလပကငေသာေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမားမား အမား

ဆး သည။ထ ေၾကာငေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမားမား၏ကနးမာေရးအာမခနညးစနစေလာ လ

အ ကနးမာေရးလၿခမႏငပပးမ ေလာကသြားေလၿဖစမည။

ကနးမာေရးေထာကပမအတြကေထာကပေၾကးေငြမာလညးစးရမဖြယရာၿဖစလာမည။ ကနးမာ

ေရးပပးေစာငေရာကမ၊၀နေဆာငမႏင အၿခားကနးမာေရးဆငရာက႑မား အတြက

ေထာကပေၾကးေငြမား ၎တ႕ႏငတကရကဆကႏြယမရသည။ ဤတြင လမဖလေရးနညး

စနစ ကနးမာေရးဆငရာကနကစရတကတာ၀နယေဆာငရြကေပးမညလားဟ ေမးစရာေမး

ခြနးေပၚလာသည။ထမမကဘလမဖလေရးစနစကမညသဥးစးေဆာငရြကမည၊မညကသ႕ေဆာင

ရြကသြားမည စသည ေမးခြနးမားလညး ထြကေပၚလာသည။

What would really happen is the decreasing numbers of those in migrant health

security system which would affect the security of health security fund and health

service providers, particularly in the industrial area or where there is high rate of

employment. The fund will be more at risk.Aside that, migrant health security

system covers other kind of services such as health promotion service and

prevention service which budget has already been allocated to each area directly.It

is a question that will social security system covers such services or not as currently

it does not.It also leads to the question on how will it be implemented and by whom.

ၿဖညစြကခကအေနၿဖငယခငေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမားမားလမဖလေရး သက

ဆငသညအလပ သမားေရးရာ႒ာနက ေဒသဆငရာရးမားမ ကယစားလယမားႏင ပးေပါငး

မမရၿခငး၊ေရြ.ေျပာငး အလပသမားမား၏ကေလးမားအတြကေထာကပေၾကးေငြ၊ ေမြးဖြားမ၊

ေမြးစားရငအတြက၀နေဆာငမမား စသညအကးရလဒမား ခစားရၿခငးမေတြ႕ခရေပ။

In addition, it was found that in the past when migrants enter social security system,

there is no coordination with concerned agencies in the area or having no clear

practices which leads to the hiccups in some benefits of social security such as

money support for their children and migrant's notification of birth etc.

ဤအေၿပာငးအလကာလ(ကနးမာေရးအာမခမလမဖလေရးအာမခစနစ)အတြငးအဓကစဥးစား

ရပေထြးမၿဖစေစေသာအရာမာကနးမာေရး၀နေဆာငမအပငးၿဖစသည။ေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသ

မားမား ကနးမာေရး ခစားခြငရေသာအခနမာ ကနးမာေရးအာမခအတြက ပကဆေပးသြငးၿပး ၃

လအၾကာမသာခစားခြငရ ညၿဖစသည။အာမခေၾကးမေပးသြငးေသာေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမားမား

မာခစားခြငရမညမဟတေပ။ခစားခြငရရနေစာငေနေသာ ၃ လအခနအတြငး ၿဖစလာ

မညဆသညေမးခြနးလညးေမးဖြယရာၿဖစလာသည။ တကၿပညစေသာ၀နေဆာငခ/အာမခေၾကး

မေပးႏငလငေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမားမားႏင၀နေဆာငမေပးသတ႕ကအကးသကေရာကမၿဖစ

ေစေသာေထာကပမနညးစနစမားရလာလမမလားဆသညအရာလညးေမးခြနး တခၿဖစေနသည။

Another issue for the transition period from health security system to social security

system is focus on health service aspect. That is migrant's right to access to health

service will begin 3 months after paying the money to social security fund, while for

health security system it will start right after paying the insurance fee.This raises the

question of what would happen during the 3 month waiting period?Will there be any

system support it since it may have effects to migrants and health service providers

if they unable to collect the actual service fee.

အလပသမား၀နေဆာငမႏင ကနးမာေရး၀နေဆာငမမားတြင ပတသကဆကႏြယေနေသာ

အေၾကာငးအရာတစခကနရေနေသးသည။ အခ႕ေသာကမၸဏမားက ေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမား

တ႕၏အလပရငအၿဖစအမညခၿပး ေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမားမားက အၿခားေသာကမၺဏမား၊ စကရ၊

အလပရမားတြငသြားေရာကအလပလပကငေစခသည။ဤၿဖစစဥ ကေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမား

မား "period contract" )ေအာကတြငအလပလပသညဟေခၚသည။

အလပသမားမားသည မမစာခပခပထားေသာ ကမၺဏႏင အလပမလပရေသာေၾကာင အလပ

သြားေရာကလပကငေသာစကရ၊အလပရအတြငးမေတာတဆထခကဒဏရာရၿခငးႏင ေန မ

ေကာငးမကနးမာသညအခနမားတြငအလပသမားမားသည ၄ငးစကရ၊ အလပရမ တကရက

ကနးမာေရးကသခယမအတြက မညသညခစားခြငမမရႏငေပ။ ဤကသ႕ေသာ အၿဖစအပကမား

မၾကာခဏၿဖစေပၚလကရသည။ထၿဖစရပတ႕ေၾကာငပဂၢလေရးရာအခကအလကမားစစေဆးမ ၿပ

သညအခနတြငအခကအလကမားဆကစပမ၊မနကနမရ၊မရၿခငးအေပၚ စးရမဖြယရာရလာ

သည။ ၄ငးသည ကနးမာေရး လၿခမႏင ၀နေဆာငမ ခစားခြငတ႕က ထခကေစႏငသည။

There is also an emerging issue concerning employment system and access to health

service. Some migrants are under the "period contract" employment system which

there will be a company that act as their "employer" and send them out to work in

other companies/factories.This resulted in, many times, these migrants did not enter

the social security system as it is not working companies/factories’ role to enlist

these migrants into the system when accident or occupational illness often occurs.In

the meantime, there is still a limitation in linking or verifying data on personnel

database of concerned agencies. This resulted in the difficulty of verification of

health security right.

အ

၂ ၁၂ ၁ အ ၾ “

အ ၾ ၾ ” ၾ အ

၂ ၁၂ ၁၄ အ

အ

အ အ အ

အ အ ၾ

ၾ အ အ ၾ အ

အ ၾ အ

အ

If considered the meaning behind the cabinet's resolution on 13 February 2012 and

the confidence to declare that "the end of illegal migrant era in Thailand will be over

soon" of Department of Employment, it shows the determination and signifies that

after 14 June 2012, migrant workers of 3 nationalities that were granted temporary

permission to stay from other cabinet's resolutions will be gone and only left with

legal migrants, whether from changing status by national verification process or

employment according to MoU. On one hand, it seems like a good thing that

everyone will have legal status but on the other hand, there are issues that need to

be considered carefully or to have clear implementation framework.

အ အ ၂ ၁၂ ၁၄ အ

ၾ အ အ

အ အ အ

ၾ အ

/

အ အ အ

ၾ အ အ အ

First issue that we may face after 14 June 2012 is the problem of those who did not

pass national verification process. In theory, those who did not pass the national

verification process means that the country of origin did not certify them as

population of that country or means they are stateless. To push them out of

Thailand could mean sending them to the unsafe situation. When considered the

measure towards those who did not pass the process, government's policy does not

state clearly about this

ၢ

အ အ အ ၁-၄ အ

အ ၍ အ ၻ အ

အ

အ အ အ အ အ ၍

အ ၍ အ အ အ

အ

အ အ ၄

အ အ ၾ ၾ

(အ အ အ အ အ ၾ

http://www.nsc.go.th/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=571&Itemid=

63).

but in the strategy on individual's status and right management, which is National

Security Council's responsible strategy, has indicated on this issue that "in case of

the registered Burmese, Laotian and Cambodian migrant workers which cannot

return back to country of origin because the country does not accepted, they will be

granted temporary permission to stay in Thailand and will go through the status

review procedure according to item 1-4. If they are unable to determine the status,

they shall go through the status review procedure which will have sub-committee,

which consisted of concerned parties from government sector, academic sector and

civil society, to develop appropriate framework for status review which conforms to

the measure in a long run which attached at the end of this strategy." (Details can

be found here:

http://www.nsc.go.th/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=571&Itemid=

63). \

ၾ အ အ

ၢ အ

အ အ အ

ဤ ၥအ ၾ ၁၄

အ

အ ဤ ၥ

Therefore, after the consideration according to this strategy, those migrants who did

not pass national verification process should be considered as person who will enter

the individual's status management process according to this strategy. At present,

apart from this strategy there is no other practice on this matter. So it is necessary

to push for the release of clear-cut practices before 14 June, the last day for

migrants who received temporary permission to stay in Thailand.

ဒတယအခကအ ေရ ေျပာငးအလပသမားနင လကပါလာေသာကေလးမား ဝနၾကးဌာန

၏ထတထားေသာဥပေဒအရထငးနငငတြငေနထငခြင ရရသည။သ ေသာလညး နငင သားစစစရာ

တြငတစဥးတစေယာကအတြကသာျဖစျပး သတ နင လကပါလာေသာ သား သမးမား အတြက

မပါဝငေပ။နငငသားစစစျပး ထငးနငငတြငေခတေနနငျပး သကတမးကနးဆးပါက ထသတ ၏

အခြင အေရးမားလညးကနဆးေစသည။တတယအခကတြငစမခန ခြေရးပငးမ ေရႊ ေျပာငးအလပ

သမားမားကယ ေမြးရပေဒသမစ၍ ကယသြားခငေသာေနရာေဒသတြင တရားဝငခရးထြက

လပကငနငရနအတြက၂၅၅၁ ခႏစ ဥပေဒျပဌာနးခကအရ နယစပေဒသမားတြင ဖြင လစ

နငေသာလညးေရႊ ေျပာငးအလပသမားအတြကဘာမထးျခားေျပာငးလမႈမရေသးေပ။ အထးသျဖင

စးရမစရာပထမအခကအေနျဖင ထငး အလပသမားေရး ာဝနၾကးဌာနမနစနငငသေဘာတ

စာ အရထငးနငငသ တရားဝငအလပဝငေရာကလပကငေသာလပမာဏ ထငးအစးရထမ

ရရေသာအခကအလကအရဇနနဝါရလ ၂၀၁၂ လဥးေရ ၇၃၂၄၆ နငငသားစစစေအာငျမငသ

၅၂၅၄၁၉ ယာယနငငကးလကမတကငေဆာငသ ၁၂၄၈၀၆၄ ျဖစသည။

ဤျဖစ ပနင ဆကစပ၍လပအားချမင မားေသာ ၾ ားရမးခနင ပတသကျပး အခကအခမား

ငဆငေနရျပး ဥပမာ လာအနငငမ ားရမးလာေသာ အလပသမားတစဥးဧ။ လပအားခမာ

တစလတြင လစာ ၁၅၀၀၀ နင ၂၅၀၀၀ ဘတ ရရျပး တစျခားေသာကနကစရတတြင

ေရႊ ေျပာငးအလပသမားကယတင ေပးေဆာငရမညျဖစသည။အလပရငဘကမလညး

အလပသမားမား၏ ကနကစ တအားလး အလပသမားရာေဖြေရးရးတြင ေငြအရငသြငး သည။

ထ ေၾကာင အလပသမားမားသညအလပ ငစကေပးထားေသာေငြ မာဏ မားက

တျဖညးျဖညးခင ဆပ မည ေ ဆပေနရေသာကာလတြငအလပရငဘကမလညး ထအလပ

သမားမား၏စာရြကစာတမးမား သမးဆညးနငသည။ဤနညးတစြာ ေရႊ ေျပာငးအလပသမား

မား၏ရပငခြင အခြင အလမးမားက လကလကညေပးေသာ အဖြ အစညးမ အလပသမား၏

ရပငခြင အလပရငထတင ေတာငး ခန ဘာသာျပနခနတြငေရႊ ေျပာငးအလပသမားက ကည

ေစာင ေရာကေသာသတငးအခကအလက ေၾကာင ေနာကဆးတြင တရားဝင

အလပသမားမတရားမဝငေသာ အလပသမားအဆင သ ထပမေျပာငးလနငသည။

Second issue is the certification of status of migrants’ children. In the past, cabinet’s

resolution has granted permission for some of migrants’ children to stay in Thailand

as the same length of time as their parents who are migrant workers that temporary

allowed staying in Thailand. Nonetheless, the national verification process is only an

individual process; it does not cover children of migrants. So the change of status

only happens to migrant workers who are the parents, while their children, when the

temporary permission to stay in Thailand period is over, will turn into illegal

immigrants which will put them at risk of being arrested or prohibit them to access

to social services they need.

Third issue is the management of migrant labour which has tendency to import

labour legally from country of origin and open channel for employment along the

border area according to Foreigners’ Work Act B.E.2551 which currently there is no

advancing implementation on this matter. The main concern about this tendency is

that, firstly, the migrant importing system according to the MoU which seems to be

the hope for future of migrant management of Ministry of Labour (according to the

statistic, as of January 2012 there are 73,246 migrants who come through MoU,

while there are 525,419 migrants who are waiting to go through national verification

process and 1,248,064 migrants are temporary allowed to stay in Thailand according

to the cabinet’s resolutions) still has problems and obstacles in implementation,

whether on the high fee such as in case of migrant import from Laos, it would take

about 15,000-25,000 Baht and will have other fees which collected by concerned

agencies and migrants will have to take responsibility in paying these fees

themselves as employers will pay for the recruiting company at the country of origin

and the company will deduct from salary of migrants. This will create long term

accumulated debts of migrants. Employers will use the fact that they pay the money

in advance as a result to take away all identity documents of migrants and keep

them with employers. At the same time, the mechanism to protect/help migrants,

such as having translators when migrant have to express their rights, information

and knowledge dissemination and the establishment of labour union as a tool to

protect their rights, cannot be done in reality. In the end, all of these factors will

push these legal migrants out of the legal system and turn them into illegal

migrants.

ေနာကထပအခကတစ မာေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမားမား ႏငငရပၿခားေဒသသ႕တရား ၀ငသြား

ေရာက လပကင ႏငမည အခြငအလမးေဖာေဆာငေပးေရးၿဖစပါသည။ အခ႕ေသာ ေရႊ႕ေၿပာငး

အလပသမားမားမာအမတြငးစးပြားေရး အၾကပအတညးေၾကာငလညးေကာငး၊ မမတ႕မ ႏငင

၏ကမၺဏမား လမးစဥသစေၿပာငး ၿခငးသတငး၊ အခကအလကမား မလကခရရၿခငးေၾကာင

လညးေကာငး၊ေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမားမားႏငငရပၿခားသ႕ တရား၀င အလပသြားေရာကလပကင

ႏငရနတရား၀ငစာရြကစာတနးမားလပေဆာငသညလပငနးစဥတြင အခကအခမား ရေနတတ

သည။ ယခလကရလပငနးစဥ၏အေၿခအေနႏင မလလပငနးစဥအေဟာငးက ႏငးယဥၾကညမည

ဆပါကႏစႏငငတရား၀ငေဘာတစာခပခပဆထားေသာေစးႏနးထက ေလာေပါထား

ေသာေၾကာင ေငြေရးေၾကးေရး အဆငမေၿပေသာသမား၊ အလပသမားရာေဖြေသာကမၺဏႏင

အဆကအသြယမရသမားအတြကလညး တတႏင ဖြယရာရသည။

Next issue is the opportunity to access to legal migrant importing system. The

opportunity of migrants workers to access to legal importing system may varied,

some may have less opportunity due to the economic status, access to news and

information and recruiting system of companies in countries of origin. When

comparing with the old recruiting system, expense is much less than MoU system so

it was better system for people who are disadvantage in economics and do not have

relationship with recruiting company.

ေနာကဆးအခကမာ လဥးေရႏငေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးသြားလာမၿဖစသည။ နယစပေဒသအနးေန ထငသ

မားႏငေဆြမးမား၏ အဆကအသြယေၾကာင ေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမားမားထငးႏငငတြငးသ႕

၀ငေရာကအလပလပႏငရနပမလြယက ေစခသည။ ဤအခကအလကေၾကာင ႏစႏင သေဘာ

တ တစခတညးကေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမားတ႕၏ ေရ႕ေရးႏင တရား၀ငအလပ၀င

ေရာကလပကငႏငေရးကမေၿဖရငးေပးႏငေပ။အကယ၍ ႏစႏငငသေဘာတ က

သာစထားၿပးေရြ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမား အ စမခန႕ခြမညဆ တရား၀ငစာရြကစာတမးမရသ

မားႏင ေရ ႊေၿပာငးအလပသမားမားပမမားၿပားလာႏငၿပး ထငးႏငင

၏ေရ႕ေရးအတြက စးရမဖြယရာရလာမည။

Last issue is the geographic condition. The advanced community or relatives in

cross-border area and cross-border migrant network have facilitated migrants in

travelling across the border to work in Thailand. These factors will have an impact

and show that the MoU’s importing system may not be the only answer to the future

of migrant management. Therefore, if we only stick to the Mou’s importing system

as solution to manage migrant workers, there is a risk that Thailand may face

problems of undocumented migrant labours or migrants hiding underground more

and it will lead to many other problems in Thai society.

အထကပါသတၿပစရာေဖာၿပခကမားအရအကယ၍ ေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမားစမခန႕ခြေရးပငး

တြငစနစတက(သ႔)တတကကစဥးစားဆငၿခငၿခငးမၿပလင “တရားမ၀ငေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမား

တ႕၏ေခတကနဆးခါနးၿပ” ဆေသာစာတနးမာဘယေတာအခါမၿဖစလာႏငမာမဟတဘ

လြနခေသာအႏစ ၂၀ အတငး အေၿခအေနမားေၿပာငး လၿခငး ရလာလမမညမဟတသလ

စနစမက၊ တရားမ၀ငေရႊ႕ေၿပာငးအလပသမားမားလညး တညၿမတညဆ ရေနလမ ဥးမည။

With the concerns mentioned above, if there is no systematic management or

serious consideration in migrant labour management in regional migration context,

the “end of illegal migrant era in Thailand is getting closer” claim will never be true

and it will only lead the same situation 20 years ago when migrant workers were not

in the system.

သ႕ေပမယလညး၂၀၁၂ ခႏစစကတငဘာလ ၁၄ ရကေနာကပငးတြငၿဖစေပၚလာမည ေရႊ႕ေၿပာငး

အလပသမားမားအတြက ၾကးမားေသာအေၿပာငးအလက မညသမတားဆးႏငမာ မဟတေပ။

ဤအေၿပာငးအလတြင အခြငေရးမားႏင သတၿပစရာအခကမားလညးပါ၀ငေနလမမည။ အဓက

အေရးၾကးဆးအရာမာ ၿဖစေပၚလာမညေၿပာငးလမ၏ ၿပနာက လကတည ရငဆငႏင

ရနႏငသကဆင မားအ ၿပၿပငေၿပာငးလေရးအတြက သတေပးလပေဆာငသြားရန

အခန ၃ လသာ ကနေတာသည။

Though the change may happen in migrant management after 14 September 2012

will be an important turning point that nothing can stop it, this change will also

present opportunities, concerns and, most importantly, the duration to prepare for

handling problems or for changes among concerned parties which is only 3 months

left.