Heavy Oil: Developments, Challenges, Opportunities & Technologies GTPP : Grupo de Trabajo sobre GTPP : Grupo de Trabajo sobre GTPP : Grupo de Trabajo sobre GTPP : Grupo de Trabajo sobre Petróleos Pesados Petróleos Pesados Petróleos Pesados Petróleos Pesados José Luis Bashbush 19 – April - 2012
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20120419 JLB for GTPP Mexico dis - · PDF fileMatching/Optimizing Risk Mitigation Smart Fast Pilots –Fully instrumented Reservoir Evaluation, Target Selection based on Technical
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Heavy Oil: Developments, Challenges,
Opportunities & Technologies
GTPP : Grupo de Trabajo sobreGTPP : Grupo de Trabajo sobreGTPP : Grupo de Trabajo sobreGTPP : Grupo de Trabajo sobre
An asterisk is used throughout this presentation to denote a mark of Schlumberger. Other company, product, and service names may betrademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks of others..
JLBB 1
trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks of others..
Outline
■Heavy Oil What is it
■Heavy Oil in Canada
■ Value Chain - Integrated Approach - Environmental
■ Schlumberger’s Solutions for Heavy Oil
2
■ Schlumberger’s Solutions for Heavy Oil
■Conclusions
What is Heavy Oil?
3
Source: Oil and Gas Journal/Apr. 17, 2006, Canada NEB, SBC Team Analysis
* Bubble size indicates production rates
Heavy Oil Resources
in The Americas
Variance in Rock Type, H.O. Reservoir Properties & Temperature
0
10
20
30
40
Indonesia Unconsolidated Sand
North Sea Unconsolidated …
USA Unconsolidated Sand/Sandstone
Canada Unconsolidated Sand/Sandstone
Venezuela Sandstone
China Sandstone/Dolomites
Kuwait Fractured Carbonate
Mexico Fractured Vuggy Dolomite
Porosity (pu)
min
max
Permeability (Darcy)
GeologyHeterogeneity
Diagenesis
JLBB 5
0
25
50
75
100
Indonesia Unconsolidated Sand
North Sea Unconsolidated Sand/Sandstone
USA Unconsolidated Sand/Sandstone
Canada Unconsolidated Sand/Sandstone
Venezuela Sandstone
China Sandstone/Dolomites
Kuwait Fractured Carbonate
Mexico Fractured Vuggy Dolomite
min
max
Venezuela Sandstone
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
Indonesia Unconsolidated Sand
North Sea Unconsolidated Sand/Sandstone
USA Unconsolidated Sand/Sandstone
Canada Unconsolidated Sand/Sandstone
Venezuela Sandstone
China Sandstone/Dolomites
Kuwait Fractured Carbonate
Mexico Fractured Vuggy Dolomite
Permeability (Darcy)
Res. Temperature (oC)
Canadian Heavy Oil Segmentation
Thermal Recovery Methods:
− Gravity <15o API & Viscosity >25,000 cp
− SAGD, CSS, Steam floods
Non Thermal Recovery Methods:
Annual Investments:
Grew from 4 Billion in 2000 to
almost 20 Billion in 2008
Total Well Count:
6
− Gravity of 14o –22o API, Viscosity 10 to 25,000 cp
− Cold primary, CHOPS, Waterflood
Mining:
− Oil sands <10 API & Viscosity > 1 million cp
Grew from 25,000 to almost 40,000
in the same period
Canadian Heavy Oil Regions
Alberta
Peace River Oil Sands
Athabasca Oil Sands
Wabasca deposits
Cold Lake Oil Sands
Saskatchewan
SAGD
SAGD
Mining
CHOPS
CHOPSCSS, CP
CPCSS
7 AP
Wabasca deposits
Edmonton
Calgary
Saskatoon
Regina
Lloydminster
Heavy Oil
SAGD
Prize!2.2 – 2.5 Trillion bbls
Current technology ~200 Billion Recoverable bbls
CHOPS
Heavy Oil Value Chain – Technologies to Optimize Asset Value
Evaluation, Selection
& Pilot Design
Pilot & Full Field
Development Design
Construction (wells,
surface facilities, pipelines
& Upgrader)
Operations -
Control and
Optimization
EVALUATION
EVALUATION
ESO
Data
Acquisition
& Analysis
8
EVALUATION
EVALUATION
ESO
Monitoring/History
Matching/Optimizing
Risk Mitigation
Smart Fast Pilots – Fully
instrumented
Reservoir Evaluation, Target
Selection based on Technical
and Economic Evaluation –
Pilots Designs
Flow assurance,
Diluent placement,
Multiphase pumping?
Reduce Environmental Footprint
The environment: Central importance
■ New techniques required:
■ To use less net water
■ To produce less waste water
■ To improve energy yield
■ To reduce local (wellsite) footprint
■ Reduce GHG
9
■ Reduce GHG
■ CCS technology continues to improve:
■ Storage reservoir characterization and simulation technology
■ Improve special cements—preserve CO2 injection well integrity
■ Improve technologies to monitor CO2 in reservoir and on surface
■ Capture technology needs to become routine
Proof that the Planet is warming-up
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Making the Unconventional, Conventional
Value
Development PlanPreliminary Evaluation ConstructionTarget Selection Operational Optimization
Geology and Fluids are the Foundation
Seismic
Structure
Stratigraphy
Petrophysics
Sedimentology
Facies Recognition
Gather Data – Early is more valuable
High Quality Seismic
Complete suites of Logs: Dielectric
Scanner, NMR Scanner & ECS
Cores
Cap Rock Strength & Thickness
JLBB 12
Facies Recognition
Environments of Deposition
Fluid Migration - Recharges
Biodegradation – Fresh water circulation
Cap Rock Strength & Thickness
Inter-bedded Shale integrity w/Steam
Stratigraphic & Cased observation wells
Bottom-hole Fluid Samples
INDISPENSABLE PREAMBLE for MEANINGFUL OPTIMIZED DEVELOPMENT!INDISPENSABLE PREAMBLE for MEANINGFUL OPTIMIZED DEVELOPMENT!INDISPENSABLE PREAMBLE for MEANINGFUL OPTIMIZED DEVELOPMENT!INDISPENSABLE PREAMBLE for MEANINGFUL OPTIMIZED DEVELOPMENT!
Viscosity Mapping
• Viscosity changes with Depth & areally within
same reservoir
• Viscosity influences:
� Recovery technique selection
� Well Spacing & Length
VISCOSITYVISCOSITYVISCOSITYVISCOSITY
MAPMAPMAPMAP
50,00050,00050,00050,000++++
µo Range
NMR Logs
� Well Spacing & Length
� Water breakthrough
� Recovery Factor
• Fluid sampling is required
20 cp20 cp20 cp20 cp @ Tr@ Tr@ Tr@ Tr
Steam Injection Pressure is an added challenge
At higher Injection Pressures
Less Energy in the Steam
Less Efficiency in the Process
14
Schlumberger Solutions for Heavy OilSchlumberger Solutions for Heavy OilSchlumberger Solutions for Heavy OilSchlumberger Solutions for Heavy Oil
� 2005 Created a Heavy Oil ThemeHeavy Oil ThemeHeavy Oil ThemeHeavy Oil Theme
� 2011: Invested > $2.5 MM/day in R&E
JLBB 15
� 2011: Invested > $2.5 MM/day in R&E
Drilling and Drilling and Drilling and Drilling and Drilling and Drilling and Drilling and Drilling and MeasurementsMeasurementsMeasurementsMeasurementsMeasurementsMeasurementsMeasurementsMeasurements
Well testWell testWell testWell testWell testWell testWell testWell test
Data and ConsultingData and ConsultingData and ConsultingData and ConsultingData and ConsultingData and ConsultingData and ConsultingData and Consulting