2012 Williston Basin Petroleum Conference Bismarck, ND May 22 - 24, 2012 Number of Completion Stages – Does it Matter Jim Thompson Bakken D&C Manager Marathon Oil Corporation
Feb 24, 2016
2012 Williston Basin Petroleum Conference
Bismarck, NDMay 22 - 24, 2012
Number of Completion Stages – Does it Matter
Jim ThompsonBakken D&C Manager
Marathon Oil Corporation
2
Topics of Discussion
Bakken completion stages Effect on IP and cumulative production Optimum number of stages– Other considerations
Proppant types and selection criteria Function Selection Transport
Messenger word of thanks Drilling & Completion Team SS Team– Ahmad Salman
UT Team– Steve Baumgartner
Marathon Oil Corporation
3
9000+’
6” Hole
Single Stage Completions OH Uncemented preperforated liner Crosslinked polymer , linear gel, and/or slickwater fracs
Diverter slugs or balls
9-5/8”
7”
16”
UBS
LBS
MBS
Bakken Completion Stages
Marathon Oil Corporation
4
Bakken Completion Stages
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4000
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000Bakken #Frac Stages Comparison
NDIC Posted Production Data
0-1 Stage
Days of Production
Cum
ulati
ve O
il Pr
oduc
tion,
MBB
L
Marathon Oil Corporation
5
9000+’
6” Hole
Multi Stage Completions Plug and Perf Frac Sleeves Rapid adoption of 10 stage Sleeve Technology
― ¼” graduated ball seats Linear Gel and Crosslinked polymer fracs
9-5/8”
7”
16”
UBS
LBS
MBS
Marathon Oil Corporation
Bakken Completion Stages
6
Bakken Completion Stages
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4000
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000Bakken #Frac Stages Comparison
NDIC Posted Production Data
0-1 Stage 10-14 Stage
Days of Production
Cum
ulati
ve O
il Pr
oduc
tion,
MBB
L
Marathon Oil Corporation
7
UBS
LBS
MBS
Evolved to 20 stage sleeve technology with 1/8” graduated ball seats Decreased spacing between stages Increased amount of stimulated rock volume (SRV)– Versus 10 stage
Progression to 40 stages continued with move to 1/16” graduated ball seats Number can be tweaked to operators preference with mixing of sleeves and
plug and perf typically referred to as hybrid completion
Marathon Oil Corporation
Bakken Completion Stages
8
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4000
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000Bakken #Frac Stages Comparison
NDIC Posted Production Data
0-1 Stage 10-14 Stage
Days of Production
Cum
ulati
ve O
il Pr
oduc
tion,
MBB
L
Marathon Oil Corporation
Bakken Completion Stages
9
Bakken Completion Stages
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4000
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000Bakken #Frac Stages Comparison
NDIC Posted Production Data
0-1 Stage 10-14 Stage 15-19 Stage
Days of Production
Cum
ulati
ve O
il Pr
oduc
tion,
MBB
L
Marathon Oil Corporation
10
Bakken Completion Stages
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4000
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000Bakken #Frac Stages Comparison
NDIC Posted Production Data
0-1 Stage 10-14 Stage 15-19 Stage 20-24 Stage
Days of Production
Cum
ulati
ve O
il Pr
oduc
tion,
MBB
L
Marathon Oil Corporation
11
Bakken Completion Stages
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4000
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000Bakken #Frac Stages Comparison
NDIC Posted Production Data
0-1 Stage 10-14 Stage 15-19 Stage 20-24 Stage 25-29 Stages
Days of Production
Cum
ulati
ve O
il Pr
oduc
tion,
MBB
L
Marathon Oil Corporation
12
Bakken Completion Stages
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4000
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000Bakken #Frac Stages Comparison
NDIC Posted Production Data
0-1 Stage 10-14 Stage 15-19 Stage 20-24 Stage 25-29 Stages 30-34 Stages
Days of Production
Cum
ulati
ve O
il Pr
oduc
tion,
MBB
L
Marathon Oil Corporation
13
Bakken Completion Stages
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4000
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000Bakken #Frac Stages Comparison
NDIC Posted Production Data
0-1 Stage 10-14 Stage 15-19 Stage 20-24 Stage 25-29 Stages 30-34 Stages 35-39 Stages
Days of Production
Cum
ulati
ve O
il Pr
oduc
tion,
MBB
L
Marathon Oil Corporation
14
Bakken Completion Stages
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4000
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000Bakken #Frac Stages Comparison
NDIC Posted Production Data
0-1 Stage 10-14 Stage 15-19 Stage 20-24 Stage 25-29 Stages 30-34 Stages 35-39 Stages
40 Stages
Days of Production
Cum
ulati
ve O
il Pr
oduc
tion,
MBB
L
Marathon Oil Corporation
15
0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,0000
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
12 Month Cumulative Oil Production (BBL)
Cum
ulati
ve D
istrib
ution
Fun
ction
Marathon Oil Corporation
Open Hole
6 Stage Completion
9 Stage Completion
19 Stage Completion
20 Stage Completion
Mean 12 Month Cumulative
Oil Production
(BBL Oil)
41,000 45,000 59,000 88,000 91,000*
2006 – 2007 Open Hole Wells
2008Staged Wells
2009Staged Wells
2010Staged Wells
2008 Stage Completion WellsAverage # of Stages: 6Average Proppant Density (lb/ft): 144
2009 Stage Completion WellsAverage # of Stages: 9Average Proppant Density (lb/ft): 171
2006 – 2007 Open Hole Completion WellsAverage Proppant Density (lb/ft): 71
2010 Stage Completion WellsAverage # of Stages: 19Average Proppant Density (lb/ft): 2682011
Staged Wells2011 Stage Completion WellsAverage # of Stages: 20Average Proppant Density (lb/ft): 228
2011 staged wells cumulative oil production based on extrapolationData obtained from NDIC public information.
2006 – 2011 Dunn County Middle Bakken Wells
16
Conclusions Number of completion stages does have an effect on IP and cumulative production
during first year– Increases stimulated rock volume
Other considerations which may effect optimum number of stages– Geology or rock quality
• Understand natural fractures to determine vertical vs horizontal growth dominance– Flowback practices
• Conservative or Aggressive choke management– Be consistant to evaluate proper number of stages
– Frac design per stage• Fluid volumes• Proppant volumes• Proppant type• Consistency is key to determine effect of varying the number of stages– Change one variable at a time keeping others the same– Understand cost implications of each variable for well economic considerations
Marathon Oil Corporation
Bakken Completion Stages
2012 Williston Basin Petroleum Conference
Bismarck, NDMay 22 - 24, 2012
Proppants and Selection Criteria
Jim ThompsonBakken D&C Manager
Marathon Oil Corporation
18Marathon Oil Corporation
Proppant Types and Selection Criteria
%Fines per API/ISO procedure
19Marathon Oil Corporation
Proppant Types and Selection Criteria
20
Proppant Function Keep the created fracture (length and height) open
Provide conductivity contrast to accelerate flow to the wellbore
Proppant Selection Cost
Proppant pack conductivity – minimum 500 md-ft– Size – as large as you can place with frac design – Effective Closure Stress on Proppant = Minimum Horizontal Stress – Fracture Face Flowing
Pressure (Pressure in the Producing Propped Fracture)– Fracturing fluid damage – slick water, linear gel, cross link fluids
Crush test– Less than 10% fines generated at maximum closure stress
Predict-K– Tool to predict proppant pack conductivity of planned fracture treatments – Evaluate conductivity of what can be placed, 2 lb/ft2 of 20/40 versus 2.5 lb/ft2 of 30/50,
etc.
Marathon Oil Corporation
Proppant Types and Selection Criteria
21
Proppant Selection (cont’d) Proppant pack conductivity over the life of well– Production damage (scale, salt, fines, etc.)– Proppant degradation from stress cycling– Embedment into formation face
Proppant Transport Larger proppant provides higher conductivity but may be more difficult to place– Settling rate increases in proportion to the diameter squared
Bridging – Perforation diameter should be six times larger than proppant diameter– Pumping hydraulic fracture width should be three times larger than proppant diameter
Marathon Oil Corporation
Proppant Types and Selection Criteria
22
Questions
Thank You