2012. Push/Pull Factors Push Factors Pull Factors Factors causing people to leave a location. War Poverty Unemployment Human Rights Abuse Overcrowding.

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2012 Slide 2 Push/Pull Factors Push Factors Pull Factors Factors causing people to leave a location. War Poverty Unemployment Human Rights Abuse Overcrowding Natural Disasters Factors attracting people to a new location. Freedom Jobs Better Opportunities Education Better Standard of Living Security Slide 3 Unemployment Slide 4 Poverty Slide 5 Human Rights Abuse Slide 6 Natural Disasters Slide 7 Security Slide 8 Education Slide 9 Better Standard of Living Slide 10 Jobs Slide 11 Slide 12 Economics the way people exchange goods and services. Slide 13 Economic Systems Communism Socialism Free Enterprise Government owns the things that used to make and transport products and there is no property owned privately. Examples: Cuba, North Korea, Vietnam Major industries are owned and controlled by the government than by individual people and companies. Example: Egypt Private businesses are able to compete with each other with little control by the government. Example: United States Slide 14 Free Enterprise People freely produce and buy what they want Prices are set by the consumers and producers Prices are set by the interaction of supply and demand Producers invest their money in order to make a profit There is little government interference Inefficient producers are eliminated by going out of business Examples: United States Slide 15 Free Enterprise Slide 16 Socialist Government owns some basic industries Private ownership of smaller business is allowed Government provides low-cost or free public services ( education, healthcare) Example: Sweden, Venezuela, Egypt Slide 17 Socialist Slide 18 Communist Government sets economic goals to be met Workers labor together and are supposed to share equally in the fruits of their labor Private property ownership is abolished Example: Cuba, North Korea, Vietnam Slide 19 Communist Slide 20 Traditional People meet their basic needs much as their ancestors did. Economic decisions are made on the basic of customs and beliefs handed down from one generation to another Slide 21 Traditional Subsistence Agriculture Cottage Industries Farming in which food is produced by a family just for its own needs Small scale industries based in the home Slide 22 Traditional Slide 23 Economic Activities Slide 24 Primary Activity The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface. Ex: Farming Slide 25 Primary Activity Slide 26 Secondary Activity The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials. Ex: Manufacturing Slide 27 Secondary Activity Slide 28 Tertiary Activity The portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people, in exchange for payment. Example: Teachers, Doctors, Cashiers Slide 29 Tertiary Activity Slide 30 Quaternary Activity The portion of the economy concerned with information, populated with highly-skilled, well- trained individuals. Ex: Computer programmers and Management Slide 31 Quaternary Activity Slide 32 Measuring Economic Development Per capita income- average amount of money earned by each person within a country. Gross national product (GNP)- total value of all goods and services produced by a country over a year. Slide 33 Urban Geography Urbanization- dramatic rise in the number of cities and the changes of lifestyle that follows Slide 34 Migration Moving from place to place, and when it refers to a seasonal movement repeated yearly. Slide 35 Migration Slide 36 Immigration A permanent move of ones main place of residence. Slide 37 Emigration Is prompted by a variety of factors, as people leave their country in order to flee a war, find education or job opportunities, or join their family in another land. Slide 38 Human Development Index Indicator of level of development for each country, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy. Slide 39 Human Development Index Slide 40 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) The total value of goods and services created within a country. Slide 41 Gross National Product (GNP) The total value of goods and services that a country produces in a year. Slide 42 Infant Mortality Rate The number of infant deaths per 1000. Slide 43 Literacy Rate Percentage of people who can read and write. Slide 44 Developed Countries Countries with high levels of industrialization and high standard of living. Examples: USA, Japan, France Slide 45 Developed Countries Slide 46 Developing Countries Countries with less productive economic than developed countries and low standards of living. Examples: Mexico, Brazil, South Africa Slide 47 Developing Countries