RECOVERY AND USE OF NUTRIENTS, ENERGY AND ORGANIC MATTER FROM ANIMAL WASTE – Rethinking Manure Recycling Marie Curie Initial Training Network 2012-2016 FP7 PEOPLE PROGRAMME Jensen L.S. 1 , Bekiaris G. 1 , Popovic O. 2 , Regueiro Carrera I. 3 ; Camilleri-Rumbau M.S. 4 , Santos A. 5 , Vu P.T. 6 , Taupe N. 7 , Owusu-Twum M. 8 , Subedi R. 2 , Pantelopoulos A. 1 , Hou Y 6 , Oenema O. 6 & Oelofse M 1 www.reusewaste.eu
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2012-2016 RECOVERY AND USE OF NUTRIENTS, ENERGY … · –Losses of nutrients in each step of manure chain –Cheap techniques to reduce these losses –Total amounts of nutrients
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• Manures are valuable, but bulky and variable, resources • Livestock production and manure systems are rapidly changing
(> intensification, profit maximisation & cost minimisation) • Environmental impacts of current manure systems are very large • Uneven soil fertility -
depletion vs. enrichment/overloading • Finite resources of nutrient elements
and opportunities for fossil energy substitution are wasted
• No common exploiter / processing entity, stakeholders are diffuse
Location of project partners Source: JRC: EUR-22334, 2006 and Soil Atlas of Europe 2008
Manure N input density
Topsoil carbon
(c) Manure mangement differences
EU background (2)
0% 5% 10% 15%
Romania
France
Slovakia
Bulgaria
Poland
Lithuania
Hungary
Greece
Spain
Estonia
Belgium
Finland
Austria
Netherlands
Latvia
Luxembourg
Slovenia
Denmark
Czech Republic
Italy
Germany
Anaerobic digestion % of total excretion
(after Foged, et al., 2011)
EU background (3)
(d) Manure treatment differences
• Insight, data and information about: – Composition and possible health risks of manures;
– Losses of nutrients in each step of manure chain
– Cheap techniques to reduce these losses
– Total amounts of nutrients in the manure
– The availability of these nutrients over time
• Needs – General information about manures
– Nutrient book keeping tools (simple, accurate models)
– Sensors for manure analyses, for verification purposes
What do farms without manure
surplus need?
• Cheap ways of manure disposal. • What options do they have?
– Buy more land; if available at reasonable price – Transport manure to other farms, without treatment – Transport manure to other farms, after treatment
• Manure separation (+evt. anaerobic dig.) – only common option yet
• Needs – Rapid & cheap pasteurization and dewatering methods – Extraction/recovery of N, P, micro nutrients from slurries
– Identification of niche markets for (new) manure products
What do farms with manure
surplus need?
Feeding
Treatment
Housing
Storage
Application
Crop
production
We need to consider
the entire manure management chain
We should consider
all flows and losses in the chain
Animal Feed Storage
Cropland/
grassland
Treatment
Industry/
exports
Housing
Animal
Product
Atmosphere
waters
(NH3, N2O,
NOx,N2,CH4, CO2)
(NH4+ , NO3
-,
PO43-
, DON/P)
Crop
Product
& soil
fertility
Discover unaccounted for losses!
We must diversify the treatment options
Slurry/digestate
Liquid fraction
Separation
Solid fraction
Organic fertiliser
Drying
Pelleting Pyrolysis Gasification Combustion
Biochar fertiliser
Ash
Red. P2O5 to P Chemical extraction
Elemen- tal P
Composting
Compost soil amendments
Salts
Precipitation Concentration
Mineral concentrates
Ash based fertiliser
Mineral fertilisers
Solid manure
NH3 stripping
How to increase resource use efficiency?
Increasing resource use efficiency – the 5R-strategy : • Reducing inputs of ‘new’ resources • Reducing losses, from the whole chain • Recycling elements, including organic C • Recovery elements from wastes, where possible • Redefining systems, where needed
But efficient ≠ sustainable
We need to decouple productivity and ressource use!
But we should move manure into a
cradle-to-cradle context….
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Towards a
&
for
resto-
rative
designs
Another term for industrial ecology…
How do we rethink manure
management in this context?
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(P. G. Koerkamp, 2011)
Objectives • To educate young scientists • To rethink current manure
• Effect of different slurry pre–treatments on mechanical separation methods efficiency: preliminary results – Poster S8.28 Popovic O., Gioelli F., Dinuccio E., Balsari P.
• Comparative techno-economical study between membrane technology systems for obtaining concentrated fertilizers from biogas plant effluents – Poster S8.19 Camilleri-Rumbau M. S.; Norddahl B.; Nielsen A.K.; Christensen K.V.; Søtoft L.F.
• Comparison of different approaches for ammonia emissions minimization by acidification of dairy and pig slurries. – Poster S8.29 Regueiro Carrera I., Coutinho J., Fangueiro D.
• Use of biochar and hydrochar to reduce ammonia emissions from soils fertilized with pig slurry – Poster S9.16 Subedi R., Kammann C., Pelissetti S., Sacco D., Grignani C., Monaco S.
ReUseWaste poster presentations
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Poster S8.19: Comparative techno-economical study between
membrane technology systems for obtaining concentrated
fertilizers from biogas plant effluents (Camilleri-Rumbau M. S et al.)
Objective: To compare the economical potentials of 4 processes for obtaining fertilizer fractions from biogas plant digestates Treatments: • 2 pretreatments: decanter centrifuge or screw press • 2 posttreatments: membrane or membrane + NH3 stip + struvite technologies
Decanter centrifugeAnaerobic digester Buffer
tank
Polymer solution
Decanter tank
Basic solution
Precipitation and pH adjustment(basification)
Rotary MF
50% NaOH
sol.
Flash unit
Stripping
31,5% H2SO4
sol.
Absorption
AirAir
38% ammonium sulphate solution
(NH4)2SO4
38% ammonium sulphate solution
(NH4)2SO4
Reverse osmosis
PermeatePermeate
Feed
Compost MF concentrate Struvite
Water Polymer Water MgO Air
RO concentrate
Biogas
Ex: Postreatment of liquid fraction by Struvite precipitation and ammonia stripping
Treatment type Income (€/t)
Costs (€/t)
Profit (€/t)
Decanter centrifuge with membrane technologies 5.8 1.5 4.3
Screw press with membrane technologies 5.9 1.0 4.9