CORRECTION ADMINISTRATION BY: Dean Willy R. Beralde BSCrim/BSE/BSPSA Licensed Criminologist Review Director, Crim @ Norluz. Com Review Center President, Cagayan Valley Educators Association for Criminology Education Delegate: INTERPOL Symposium on Police Education and Training Lecturer & Resource Speaker: PPSC, Criminology School and Criminology Review Centers Traffic Course Training Director and Organizer 4/13/2011 Property of [email protected] Review Center
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CORRECTION
ADMINISTRATIONBY:
Dean Willy R. BeraldeBSCrim/BSE/BSPSA
Licensed CriminologistReview Director, Crim @ Norluz. Com Review Center
President, Cagayan Valley Educators Association for Criminology Education
Delegate: INTERPOL Symposium on Police Education and TrainingLecturer & Resource Speaker: PPSC, Criminology School and
Criminology Review CentersTraffic Course Training Director and Organizer
When every part of the world wasoccupied by men, rulers like kings andemperor’s rose like mushroom, they madeLAWS so that the “LAWS OF THEJUNGLE” WOULD NOT PREVAIL.
The HAMMURABI CODE, developed4000 years ago by the king is the firstknown Code of Laws providing punishmentfor misbehavior. Its “EYE FOR AN EYE,TOOTH FOR TOOTH” provisions wereintended to moderate excessive retaliationby those who felt slighted or wrong.4/13/2011
PENOLOGY – the studyof punishment ofcrime. It is branch ofcriminology dealingwith the prisonmanagement & thedeterrence &reformatory treatmentof criminals.
Penalty in generalsignifies pain; especiallyconsidered in judicialsphere, it meanssuffering undergonebecause of the action ofhuman society, by onewho commits crime.
1. CLASSICAL THEORY –the basis for theretributive and punitiveaspect of punishmentwhere it emphasize thatthe nature of punishmentmust be equal to thenature of crime. (“ThePunishment must Fit theCrime”)
2. NEO-CLASSICAL THEORY – itsupported the Classical Theory but itmust be modified in consideration ofthe child and lunatic individual.
3. POSITIVIST THEORY – just likeillness, man may be subjected tocure rather than punishing them fortheir act. It is through this that theword CORRECTION & REHABILITATION
considered as a means of controllingthe society’s anti-social act.
CLASSICAL POSITIVIST1. The purpose of imposing the penalty
is RETRIBUTION, to make theoffender suffer to the same extent ashis victim has suffered.
2. The penalty is applied in aMECHANICAL MANNER with littleregard to the human elementinvolved in the crime.
3. Man is regarded as a MORALCREATURE who understand what isright or wrong so that if a manvoluntarily committed a crime, hemust face the consequences of thecrime.
4. The emphasis is on the CRIMErather than the criminal.
The purpose of imposing the penalty isREFORMATION, to correct or reform thewrong doer.
The penalty is applied only after apanel of SOCIAL SCIENTIST hadexamined the offender. The penalty isapplied NOT in a Mechanical Manner.
Crimes are regarded as SOCIALPHENOMENON which constrainsman to do wrong although it is nothis nature to do so. Crimes areconsidered environmental.
The emphasis is on the CRIMINALrather than on the crime.4/13/2011
3. The HULK – is anold sailing ship thatis no longer usedfor sea voyages ornaval operations,but it is anchoredin some port ofEngland thathouses convictedcriminals.
4. The PANOPTICAN orinspection prison house.The first ENGLISHPRISON. It wasdesigned by JeremyBentham whose cellarrangement around acentral apartment fromwhich the prisonsupervisor could make aclose supervision on it’sprisoner.
1. PRISON SHOULD BEPENITENTIARIES: According toWILLIAM PENN the Quakerleader of Pennsylvania, theprevention of crime was the soleend of punishment but theinstitution must help criminals notto be plunged more on evil doingspenitent and reflection.
4.DIFFERENCE: (PRISON ANDPENITENTIARY) Prison is solelyintended to inflict suffering on thecriminal including hard labor.Penitentiary refers to place whereboth crimes and sin could beatoned for and penitenceproduced through solitaryconfinement, labor, meditation,and communion with God.
John Howard was a sheriff and a socialactivist . In his book The State of the Prisonin England and Wales (1777) was based onhis visit to penal institutions in various partsof Europe. He discovered:
With this, he advocated that PENALENVIRONMENT be made: (a) Safe, (b)Humane, (c) Orderly. His opinion was thatincarceration must do more than punish; itshould also instill DISCIPLINE and REFORMINMATES. He proposes an orderlyinstitutional routine of religious teaching,hard work and solitary confinement topromote INTROSPECTION andPENANCE.
His work inspired the growing popularityof the term PENITENTIARY.4/13/2011
These are the Two Prisons evolved andemerge in the early part of 1800. TheAuburn Prison was inaugurated in 1819 afterthe condition of Newgate Prison wasconsidered intolerable. It is characterized bylocking separately the inmates at night andworked together in enforced silence incongregate workshop during the day. TheAuburn Prison System was greatly influencealmost all Prison system in U.S.
NOTE: PENNSYLVANIA SYSTEM refersto system of US Penology in whichinmates were kept in solitary confinementfor the whole duration of sentence, whileAUBURN SYSTEM is an early system ofPenology originating at AuburnPenitentiary in Auburn New York underwhich an inmates are working and eatingin congregation during the day withimposed silence plus solitary confinementin cells at night.
1829. It was constructed in a radial formwith seven blocks of outside cells. Theprisoner here are kept in single cells wherethey lived, slept read the bibles and otherreligious tracts and receive moral guidanceand instructions. Inmates are given workslike weaving, tailoring, shoemaking and
protect young delinquent from the influence ofhardened criminals & convict.
9. THE MACHONOCHIE & MARK
SYSTEM
CAPT. ALEXANDER MACONOCHIE of the
English Royal Navy of the Norfolk Island PenalColony instituted a Mark System to all prisonersequivalents of today’s good conduct time allowance& parole.
headed by Zebulon R. Brockway as the firstsuperintendent. This prison initiated theclassification of offenders according to performanceof the inmate until it reaches the highest grade inorder to avail parole. This is intended forHARDENED CRIMINAL OFFENDERS. Its legal basiswas the indeterminate sentence and good conductand behavior using the Mark System ofMaconochie. THIS IS ALSO THE FIRSTREFORMATORY INSTITUTION OF AMERICA.