2011 Indian Religious Census Data

Census 2011

Date: 20 th Jan 2012

Did You Know?

- Census 2011 covered 35 States/Union Territories, 640 districts, 5,924 sub-districts, 7,935 Towns and 6,40,867 Villages. In Census 2001, the corresponding figures were 593 Districts, 5,463 sub-Districts, 5,161 Towns and 6,38,588 Villages. There is an increase of 47 Districts, 461 Sub Districts, 2774 Towns (242 Statutory and 2532 Census Towns) and 2279 Villages in Census 2011 as compared to Census 2001.

- Census 2011 is the 15 Census of India since 1872. It was held in two phases:     • House listing & Housing Census: (April to September 2010)     • Population Enumeration (9th to 28th February 2011)

- Census 2011 mascot is a female enumerator (who everybody would identify as the school teacher next door). 

- The provisional figures of India’s largest Census 2011 were released in New Delhi on 31st March 2011 by Union Home Secretary GK Pillai and RGI C Chandramouli.

- The 15th Census of India and the seventh Census of Independent India-2011 was started on 1st April 2010 with President Pratibha Patil being the first citizen to be enumerated, followed by Vice President Hamid Ansari.

- The estimated cost of the Census was 22 Billion Rupees.

Census 2011: Figures at a Glance

  Absolute %age to total population

  Persons 1,21,01,93,422   POPULATION Males 62,37,24,248    Females 58,64,69,174  DECADAL

Absolute%age

POPULATION GROWTH 2001-2011

  Persons 18,14,55,986

17.64

  Males 9,15,01,15817.1

9

  Females 8,99,54,82818.1

2DENSITY OF POPULATION (per sq. km.) 382  SEX RATIO (females per 1000 males)       940  

POPULATION IN

THE AGE GROUP 0-

6 Persons 15,87,89,287 13.12

  Males 8,29,52,135 13.3  Females 7,58,37,152 12.93

LITERATE

  AbsoluteLiteracy rate

Persons 77,84,54,120 74.04

Males44,42,03,762 82.14

Females33,42,50,358 65.46

India: A Statistical Overview

A. Population

- India’s population in 1901 was about 238.4 million, which has increased by more than four times in 110 years to reach a population of 1,210 million (or 121 crore) in 2011.

- The population of India has increased by more than 181 million during the decade 2001-2011. The absolute addition is slightly lower than the population of Brazil, the fifth most populous country in the world.

- India is the second largest country in the world in terms of population after China (1.34 billion). The three most populous countries in the world, China (1.34 billion), India (1.21 billion) and USA (308.7 million) together constitute more than 40% of the total population of the world.

- The decadal growth of population for India as a whole has declined from 23.87% in 1981-91 to 21.54% in 1991-2001 to 17.64% in 2001-11. Decadal Growth Rate of population during 2001 -11 of the six most populous States, (i.e., Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh), have all declined during 2001-11 compared to the previous decade (1991-2001).

- The growth rate of population in rural and urban areas was 12.18% and 31.80% respectively. Bihar (23.90%) exhibited the highest decadal growth rate in rural population.

- Of the total population, 623.7 million are males and 586.5 million are females. Population (0-6 years) 2001-2011 registered minus (-) 3.08 % growth with minus (-) 2.42 females and –3.80 for females.

- The combined population of Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra is bigger than that of the US.

- While Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Puducherry have the highest population growth rate of about 55 %, Nagaland has the lowest -0.47 %.

- The density of population is highest in Delhi, followed by Chandigarh.

Five Least Populous State of the country Lakshadweep 64429

Daman & Diu 2,42,911D. & N. Haveli 3,42,853 A. & N. Islands 3,79,944 Sikkim 6,07,688Least Populous UTs  :  Lakshadweep

Ranking of States and Union Territories by population: 2001 and 2011

Rank In

India/State/Union Territory# Population 2011 % to total population of India Rank in 20012011      2011 2001  

1 2 3 4 5 6

  INDIA 1,210,193,422 100 100  

1 Uttar Pradesh 199,581,477 16.49 16.16 1

2 Maharashtra 112,372,972 9.29 9.42 2

3 Bihar 103,804,637 8.58 8.07 3

4 West Bengal 91,347,736 7.55 7.79 4

5 Andhra Pradesh 84,665,533 7 7.41 5

Five Largest Populous State of the country Uttar Pradesh   19,95,81,477

Maharashtra     11,23,72,972 Bihar               10,38,04,637West Bengal        9,13,47,736

Andhra Pradesh 8,46,65,533Highest Populous State  :  Uttar Pradesh

6 Madhya Pradesh 72,597,565 6 5.87 77 Tamil Nadu 72,138,958 5.96 6.07 6

8 Rajasthan 68,621,012 5.67 5.49 89 Karnataka 61,130,704 5.05 5.14 9

10 Gujarat 60,383,628 4.99 4.93 10

11 Orissa 41,947,358 3.47 3.58 11

12 Kerala 33,387,677 2.76 3.1 12

13 Jharkhand 32,966,238 2.72 2.62 13

14 Assam 31,169,272 2.58 2.59 1415 Punjab 27,704,236 2.29 2.37 15

16 Chhattisgarh 25,540,196 2.11 2.03 1717 Haryana 25,353,081 2.09 2.06 16

18 NCT of Delhi# 16,753,235 1.38 1.35 18

19 Jammu & Kashmir 12,548,926 1.04 0.99 19

20 Uttarakhand 10,116,752 0.84 0.83 20

21 Himachal Pradesh 6,856,509 0.57 0.59 21

22 Tripura 3,671,032 0.3 0.31 2223 Meghalaya 2,964,007 0.24 0.23 23

24 Manipur 2,721,756 0.22 0.22 2425 Nagaland 1,980,602 0.16 0.19 25

26 Goa 1,457,723 0.12 0.13 26

27 Arunachal Pradesh 1,382,611 0.11 0.11 27

28 Puducherry# 1,244,464 0.1 0.09 28

29 Mizoram 1,091,014 0.09 0.09 30

30 Chandigarh# 1,054,686 0.09 0.09 2931 Sikkim 607,688 0.05 0.05 31

32 Andaman & Nicobar Islands# 379,944 0.03 0.03 3233 Dadra & Nagar Haveli# 342,853 0.03 0.03 33

34 Daman & Diu# 242,911 0.02 0.02 34

35 Lakshadweep# 64,429 0.01 0.01 35

 India population Vs Selected Countries

Sl. No Country Reference datePopulation

Decadal change

(In millions) (in %)1 China 01.11.2010 1,341.00 5.432 India 01.03 2011 1,210.20 17.643 U.S.A 01.04.2010 308.7 7.264 Indonesia 31.05.2010 237.6 15.055 Brazil 01.08.2010 190.7 9.396 Pakistan 01.07.2010 184.8 24.787 Bangladesh 01.07.2010 164.4 16.76

8 Nigeria 01.07.2010 158.3 26.849 Russian Fed. 01.07.2010 140.4 -4.2910 Japan 01.10.2010 128.1 1.1  Other Countries 01.07.2010 2,844.70 15.43  World 01.07.2010 6,908.70 12.97

1. For China, USA, Indonesia, Brazil and Japan, population are as per the preliminary/ provisional Census figures provided in the respective Government websites. For comparability with Census 2000 figures, the population of Japan before adjustment has been considered.2. Source for other countries: World Population Prospects: 2008 updated in May 2010 by United Nations Population Division. The estimates are medium Variant.3. The % decadal changes for China, Indonesia and Brazil have been adjusted to take care of the change in reference dates of two consecutive censuses of 2000 and 2010.

The gap between India, the country with the second largest population in the world and China, the country with the largest population in the world has narrowed from 238 million in 2001 to nearly 131 million in 2011.

The gap between India and the United States of America, which has the third largest population, has now widened to about 902 million from 741 million in 2001.

In 1950, China with 22 % share of the world population was the world’s most populous country, followed by India, which had a share of 14.2 %.

The population of India is almost equal to the combined population of U.S.A., Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Japan put together- the population of these six countries totals 1214.3 million!

Population Growth, GDP and Foodgrain Production, India: 1950-1951 to 2010-2011

It is expected that by 2050 the world’s population will reach 9.1 billion, 34% higher than today. Nearly all of this population increase will occur in developing countries. Urbanization will continue at an accelerated pace, and about 70% of the world’s population will be urban (compared to 49% today). Income levels will be many multiples of what they are now. In order to feed this larger, more urban and richer population, food production (net of food used for biofuels) must increase by 70%.1

Population Growth, GDP and Foodgrain Production, India: 1950-1951 to 2010-2011 2

The above table shows that on the economic front, the GDP at factor cost at constant prices has grown annually by more than 10.2% during 2001-10.

During the same period, the food grain production has reached 218.2 million tonnes in 2009-10 from 196.8 million tonnes in 2000-01, showing an annual exponential growth rate of food grain production during 2001-2010 at 1.15%, still a shade lower than the population growth rate during 2001-2011. However, if the targeted improvement in food-grain production of 8.5%, as envisaged in the Union Budget document 2011-12, is actually achieved for the two successive years of 2010-11 and 2011-12, the average annual growth in food-grain production for 2001-12 would touch about 1.5%, making it somewhat similar to the growth in population during this period. However, a comparison with other countries of the world, in terms of the Human Development Index, Per Capita GDP and 2010 Global Hunger Index (ranked 67 from 65 slipped) shows India has a long way to go.

(The index rated 84 countries on the basis of three leading indicators — prevalence of child malnutrition, rate of child mortality, and the proportion of people who are calorie deficient.)

1) http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/wsfs/docs/expert_paper/How_to_Feed_the_World_in_2050.pdf2) GDP and Output of foodgrains from Economic Survey, 2010-11. GDP (quick estimate) and foodgrain production

(4th advance estimate) correspond to 2009-2010

Share of children in the age group 0-6 years to total population, India: 2001 and 2011 2001 2011

B. Sex Ratio (No of women/1000 males)

After 1971 Census, trends were not consistent, showing increase in one decade and decline in the next. However, it was hovering around 930. The sex ratio as per provisional results is the highest since 1971 and a shade below the level of 1961.

Sex-ratio in India               -  940  Child (0-6yrs.) sex-ratio     -  914Highest sex-ratio in state   - Kerala (1084)Lowest sex-ratio in UTs     - Daman & Diu (618)Highest child(0-6) sex-ratio in state -                       Mizoram (971)Lowest child(0-6) sex-ratio in state  -                       Haryana (830)

Trends in sex ratio in States and UTs: 2001-2011

- As per Census 2011, Jammu and Kashmir, Bihar and Gujarat showed a decline in sex ratio while 29 states showed an increase. 

- The top three States recording the highest value of overall sex ratio are neighbours located in the southern part of India namely Kerala (1084), Tamil Nadu (995), and Andhra Pradesh (992). Among the UTs, the top three are Puducherry (1038), Lakshadweep (946) and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands (878). Figure 20 presents sex ratio in the States and Union Territories at the 2011 Census.

- The lowest sex ratio among the States has been recorded in Haryana (877), Jammu & Kashmir (883) and Sikkim (889). Among the UTs the lowest sex ratio has been returned in Daman & Diu (618), Dadra & Nagar Haveli (775) and Chandigarh (818).

Sex Ratio, India: 1901-2011 Sex Ratio: India Vs Selected Countries3

3. 2001-World Population Prospects (mid year estimates) 1998 2. 2011-World Population Prospects 2008 revision UN. Rates have been worked out for India based on the provisional Census 2011 and those of Indonesia and Brazil on 2010 round of Census.

C. Literacy Rate

Prior to all the census data reported up to 1981, it was customary to work out the literacy rate taking into account the total population. However, as literacy rate is more meaningful if the sub-population in the age group 0-6 is excluded from the total population, it was decided in 1991 to calculate literacy rate for the population seven years and above. The same concept has been retained in all Censuses since 1991.

The literacy rate taking into account the total population in the denominator has now been termed as ‘crude literacy rate’, while the literacy rate calculated taking into account the 7 and above population in the denominator is called the effective literacy rate. The formula for computing crude literacy rate and effective literacy rate are as follows:

Literacy Rate: Trends

- The effective literacy rate has gone up from 64.83% in 2001 to 74.04% in 2011 showing an increase of 9.21%.

- The effective literacy rate figures for males and females are 82.14 and 65.46% respectively. Thus three-fourth of the population of aged 7 years and above is literate in the country. Four out of every five males and two out of every three females in the country are literate.

- The country has continued its march in improving literacy rate by recording a jump of 9.21 %age points during 2001-2011. However, efforts are still required to achieve the target of 85 % set by the Planning Commission to be achieved by the year 2011-12.

- An extremely positive development in the present decade is that the gap of 21.59 %age points recorded between male and female literacy rates in 2001 Census has reduced to 16.68 %age points in 2011. Though the target set for the year 2011-2012 by the Planning Commission of reducing the gap to 10 %age points has not been achieved, yet the 5 %age point reduction is a welcome step in that direction.

- Decadal Literacy Growth 2001-20011• Literacy rate has gone up from 64.83 % in 2001 to 74.04 % in 2011 showing

an increase of 9.21 %age points. • %age growth in literacy during 2001-2011 is 38.82; males: 31.98% & females:

49.10%.

• The state of Kerala has the highest literacy rate 93.11%, whereas Bihar has the lowest 63.82%.

Literacy rate in India: 1951-2011

- Literacy rates for 1951, 1961 and 1971 Censuses relate to population aged five years and above. The rates for the 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011 Census relate to the population aged seven years and above

- The 1981 Literacy rates exclude Assam where the 1981 Census could not be conducted. The 1991 Census Literacy rates exclude Jammu & Kashmir.

Number of literates and illiterates among population aged 7 years and above: 2001 and 2011

Effective Literacy Trends in EAG* States 2001-2011

* The Government of India had constituted an Empowered Action Group (EAG) under the Ministry of Health and

Family Welfare following 2001 census to stabilise population in eight states that were lagging in containing population. As per the latest census, EAG states Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Odisha have shown little improvement. They cover over 45% of India’s population)

Share of Literates and illiterates: Census 2001 and 2011

D. Density of Population

Density of Population’ is defined as the number of persons per square kilometre. It is an important index of population which shows concentration of population in a particular area.

- As per the provisional population totals of Census 2011, the population density of India has gone up to 382 persons per square kilometre from 325 persons per square kilometre in 2001. On an average, 57 more people inhabit every square kilometre in the country as compared to a decade ago.

- The density of population is highest in Delhi, followed by Chandigarh

- The Eastern region has the highest density of 625 persons per sq. Km. and the North Eastern region has the lowest density of 176 persons per sq. Km. Central region occupies the second highest place in density with 417 followed by Southern region (397), Western region (344) and Northern region (267) respectively.

Density of population, India: 1901-2011

* While working out the density of India, Jammu & Kashmir has been excluded as comparable figures of area and Population are not available for that State.* The density has been worked out on comparable data.

Some Positive Outcomes …

- Literacy rate has shown an increase from 64.83% in 2001 to 74.04% in 2011showing an increase of 9.21 %age points.

- Sex Ration, an indicator of the well-being of women in a society, at the national level increased by seven points to reach 940 as provisional data for Census 2011 against 933 in Census 2001. This is the highest sex ratio at the national level since Census 1971.

- The %age decadal growth rates of the six most populous States have declined during 2001-2011 as compared to 1991-2001. The graph of population growth in Uttar Pradesh shows a decline from 25.85% to 20.09%, in Maharashtra from 22.73% to 15.99%, Bihar from 28.62% to 25.07%, West Bengal from 17.77% to 13.93%, Andhra Pradesh from 14.59% to 11.10% and Madhya Pradesh from 24.26% to 20.30%. This trend shows although there has been an increase in the population, the growth has been less.

- 2001-2011 is the first decade (with the exception of 1911-1921) when population has grown less than in previous decade

- With the exception of Jammu & Kashmir, where the %age share of children in total population has increased by 1.4 points, all other States and Union Territories have shown a fall in the proportion. The highest decline in %age terms has been noticed in Sikkim, with Uttar Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh taking the next two spots. It is significant that the decline in proportion of child population in the age group of 0-6 years has been seen in all EAG States- Uttar Pradesh (-4.1), Uttarakhand (-2.9), Bihar (-2.3); Jharkhand (-2.5), Rajasthan (-3.5), Madhya Pradesh (-3.3), Chhattisgarh (-3.0) and Orissa (-2.6). In 10 States and Union Territories, the decline is below 2 points; in 14 States and Union Territories it is between 2 and 3 points and in 10 States and Union Territories, it is 3 points or more. This is definitely a positive indicator of fertility decline and augurs well for the future.

- In terms of population density, while the absolute increase is indeed a matter of concern, the positive feature is that the rate of increase has slowed down and has shown a sharp decline in the last decade.