PRESENTATION ON THE STATE OF BIODIVERSITY AND NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN FRANCIS OGWAL NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SPECIALIST (BIODIVERSITY & RANGELANDS) NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (NEMA) - UGANDA PRESENTED DURING THE REGIONAL WORKSHOP FOR EAST AFRICA ON UPDATING NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTIONS PLANS 27-30 JUNE 2011, LEMIGO HOTEL, KIGALI RWANDA
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PRESENTATION ON THE STATE OF BIODIVERSITY AND
NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN
FRANCIS OGWAL FRANCIS OGWAL
NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SPECIALIST
(BIODIVERSITY & RANGELANDS)
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (NEMA) - UGANDA
PRESENTED DURING THE REGIONAL WORKSHOP FOR EAST AFRICA ON UPDATING
NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTIONS PLANS
27-30 JUNE 2011, LEMIGO HOTEL, KIGALI RWANDA
OVERALL STATE OF BIODIVERSITY IN UGANDA
� Uganda’s location in a zone between the ecological communities that arecharacteristic of the drier East African savannas and the more moist WestAfrican rain forests, combined with high altitude ranges, Uganda has a high levelof biological diversity.
� The total number of species in Uganda is not known although a provisional list of18,783 exists but the total number could be much higher than this figure since a18,783 exists but the total number could be much higher than this figure since alarge number of species have not yet been recorded
� There are 10 National Parks, 12 Wildlife Reserves, 506 Central ForestReserves, local forest reserves and 12 Ramsar Sites. There are 33 IBAs –conservation of globally threatened species
� Uganda has been reported to harbour 7.5% of mammals, 10.2% of bird species(there are 33 IBAs ), 6.8% of butterflies which are globally recognized
F i g u r e 1 : L o c a t i o n o f U g a n d a i n A f r i c a
N
Uganda Landcover
Ecosystems in Uganda
7/7/2011 4
Figure prepared with data from: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Africover.
http://www.africover.org/webmap.htm
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MANAFW A
KAMWENG E
MITYANA
NAMUT UMBANEW T OR OR O
MBALE
KALANGALA
MASAK A
WAKISO
KAMPALA
MPIGI
MUBEN DE JINJA
BUTAL EJA
TORORO
BUSIA
BUG IR I
IG ANG A
MAYUGEMUKO N O
KAYUNGA
KALIR O BUDAK A
LUWEERONAKASEKE
KIB OGA
KABAROLE
BUND IBU G YO
RAKAI
SEMB ABUL E
KYEN JOJO
KASESE
KIRU HU RA
IS INGIRO
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BUSHENYI
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KANUN GU
RUKU NGIR I
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KENYA
TANZANIA
RW AN DA
Lake Victo ria
Lake Ed ward
Lake Ge orge
Pr oduced by: Fridah Bas emera , Mapp ing &Inventory Centre,National Fores try Author ity , Plot 10/20 S pring Road,P. O . Box 70863 Kampala,Tel: 031- 264035/6, 041-230365/6
Scale 1:2 ,30 0,000
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Distr ic t B ou n dary
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Animal Sanct uary
Centra l Forest R ese rve
Dua l Joint Ma nagement
Wildli fe Res erve
Hunti ng Area
Local F orest Reserve
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Kidepo Valley NP
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Matheniko WR
Karuma WR
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Lake Mburo NP
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Mt. Elgon NP
Queen Elizabeth NP
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Mgahinga Gorilla NP
Kabwoya WR
Kigezi WR
Toro-Semliki WR
Katonga WR
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OVERALL STATE OF BIODIVERSITY IN UGANDA
• In terms of species, mammalian populations are incr easing from the 1970s level when many species were decimated due to lawlessness. For example :
� elephant population has increased by over 100% from 550 in 1995 to 3,000 in 2004.
� buffaloes have increased by 61% from 7,000 in 1995 to 18,000 in 20 04� mountain Gorillas have increased by 8% from 292 in 1995 to 315 in 2002� giraffe population has increased by 52% from 153 in 1995 to 320 in 2004� chimpanzee population increased by 33% from 3, 300 in 1997 to 4,950 in 2003 ,
Uganda has the highest Chimpanzee population in Afri ca.
• Re-introduction of extinct species is also being undertaken. The white rhino which became extinct in Uganda in the 1980s are being re-introduced into the country and presently there are 8.
� However, the biodiversity has over the years been subjected to variousthreats and current estimates show that the country is losin g itsbiodiversity at the rate of 1% per year
� THE MAJOR ELEMENTS OF THE CURRENT NBSAP FOR UGANDA
� The NBSAP was completed in 2002 has a life span of 10 years.
� It is supposed to be reviewed at the end of every 5 years, hence a rollingaction plan. But the review has not been done due to financialconstraints. It is overdue for revision.
� The NBSAP has a set of Guiding Principles, a vision, goal and 5 strategicobjectives. Each objective has strategies. It also has sectoral strategiesand the institutional arrangement for implementation
� The Vision of Uganda’s NBSAP is to maintain a rich biodiversitybenefiting the present and future generations for nationaldevelopment.
THE MAJOR ELEMENTS OF THE CURRENT NBSAP FOR UGANDA � The goal of the NBSAP is to enhance biodiversity conservation, management and
sustainable utilization and fair sharing of the benefits arising from such utilizations at alllevels
� The NBSAP has 5 strategic objectives and each objective has strategies:
Strategic objective 1: To develop and strengthen co-ordination, measures and frameworks for biodiversity management (related to Goal E of the New Strategic Plan f or CBD)
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Strategic Objective 2: To facilitate research, information management and information exchange on biodiversity (related to target 18 of the Aichi targets)
� Strategic Objective 3: To reduce and manage negative impacts on biodiversity (relatedto Goal B and its targets as well as targets )
� Strategic Objective 4: To promote the sustainable use and fair sharing of costs andbenefits of biodiversity – (addresses ABS issues and is also related to Goal D target 16 ofAichi targets)
� Strategic Objective 5: To enhance awareness on biodiversity (related to Goal A. target 1of Aichi Targets)
ELEMENTS OF THE NBSAP CONTINUED
The NBSAP has Sectoral Strategies covering the following:
� Wetlands and Open Water Resources
� Forests Resources
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� Wildlife Resources
� Domestic Animal Diversity
� Status of Soil Biodiversity
� Plant Genetic Resources
� Biotechnology and Biosafety
THE METHODOLOGY FOR UPDATING PREVIOUS NBSAP Uganda has not updated its NBSAP. The process of updating has been initiated.
THE METHODOLOGY FOR IMPLEMENTING NBSAP IN UGANDA
� The National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) provides over-all co-ordination in the implementation of NBSAP while actual implementation is by
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ordination in the implementation of NBSAP while actual implementation is by sectoral agencies and local governments;
� The NBSAP provides roles and responsibilities for all stakeholders from sectoralagencies at the national level, local governments, local communities, NGOs and the Private sector.
� Holding stakeholders workshop to review progress of implementation by the different stakeholders (subject to availability of funds)
FRAMEWORK S TO ENHANCE IMPLEMENTING
� Government has put in place adequate policies, laws and regulations which address issues on biodiversity and promote the conservation, sustainable use and equitable sharing of benefits.
� The Constitution has a provision on biodiversity. Objectiv e XXVII onEnvironment provides for the State, including local government to promote therational use of natural resources so as to safeguard and protect the bio -
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rational use of natural resources so as to safeguard and protect the bio -diversity .
� There are also sectoral strategies and action plans on biodiversity conservationfor example the Forest Action Plan, Uganda Wildlife Authority Strategic Plan,Forest Nature Conservation Masterplan, Wetlands Sector Strategic Plan etc.
� Institutional framework have been put in place with specific mandates onbiodiversity conservation. NGOs, CSOs are involved in biodiversityconservation.
SOME LESSONS LEARNED FROM IMPLEMENTING NBSAP
o The strategies for the different sectors were designed to fit with on-going activities and programmes on biodiversity conservation and this worked well
o Targets and indicators for monitoring is vital for reporting on the status
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o Targets and indicators for monitoring is vital for reporting on the status and trends of biodiversity
o The issue of livelihood improvement is very important for any intervention on biodiversity conservation
o Stakeholders need a clear reporting format to produce good reports
SOME LESSONS LEARNED FROM IMPLEMENTING NBSAP
o The NBSAP can not be effective as a stand alone strategy. It has to be integrated into national and local authority development plans
o The participation of the private sector is mainly incentive driven or its part of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
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part of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
o Implementation of the strategy needs adequate funding at all levels –national, district and local level
o Implementation of NBSAP is by different stakeholders and hence proper coordination is needed
PLANS FOR THE REVISION OF NBSAPo Resource Mobilization for review of NBSAP
o Stakeholder consultations and assessments –compiling and synthesizing existing information – from 4th national reports, sectoral reports etc
o Resource Mobilization for implementation of NBSAP
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o Resource Mobilization for implementation of NBSAP
o Capacity Building at the national, district and local levels for implementation of revised NBSAP
o Development of necessary tools to enhance implementation of the revised NBSAP for example format for reporting by sectoral agencies, mainstreaming of NBSAP into sectoral and district action plans
THE DIFFERENT STAGES FOR REVISION NBSAP IN UGANDA
o Biodiversity Technical Committee to provide overall technical guidance o Prepare Terms of Reference for consultanto Review the inception report of the consultant o Hold meeting of stakeholders - obtain views on the threats to
biodiversity and national targets, vision and mission of the NBSAP
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biodiversity and national targets, vision and mission of the NBSAPo Hold a national stakeholders workshop to review the draft NBSAP o The Biodiversity Technical Committee provides final technical input on
revised drafto The revised NBSAP is presented to Policy Committee on Environment
and finally to Cabinet for approval. o Launch and dissemination,o Implementation.
BENEFITS OF THE REVISED NBSAPo Will contribute to implementation of Government priority programmes in the NDP
(growth, employment, prosperity).
o Will address emerging issues, challenges and other existing gaps in the current NBSAP
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o Guiding tool for putting in place measures to halt biodiversity loss during the UN Decade on Biodiversity (2011-2020)
o Will address the goals of the new strategic plan for CBD and its targets (Aichi targets) for 2011-2020
o Will address issues on the Strategic Plan for the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2011-2020)
MAJOR CONSTRAINTS TO IMPLEMENTATION OF NBSAPo Adequate financial resources for implementation will be a challenge.o Enforcement and compliance to environmental legislationso Value addition to biodiversity products to enhance incomeso Providing incentives to local communities to reduce biodiversity loss
o Human and infrastructure capacity in relevant fields of biodiversity conservation
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o Human and infrastructure capacity in relevant fields of biodiversity conservationfor example taxonomy, capacity for characterization of germplasm,
o Information sharing among institutions involved in biodiversity conservation.
o Sufficient information on economic value of biodiversity, biodiversity inventoriesto monitor trends
o Harmonizing biodiversity conservation with political goalso Balancing economic development with biodiversity conservation
CONCLUSIONS
o The NBSAP provides a framework for mainstreaming biodiversity into Government programmes and plans like the National Development Plan
o Review of the NBSAP provides Government with opportunities to re-align the NBSAP to new strategic plans of CBD and that of the Biosafety Protocol
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o Uganda has policies, laws, regulations and institutional framework to enhance implementation of the revised NBSAP.
o Enforcement of laws needs to be strengthened.
o More involvement of the private sector in the conservation and sustainable of biodiversity needs to be strengthened.
o Biodiversity conservation should address the livelihood concerns of people
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THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
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