2010 VOC Workshop Session 1D: Fugitive emissions – definitions, measurement and verification David Knight Belgium - Flemish Government Environment, Nature and Energy department Air, Nuisance, Risk Management, Environment and Health Division Koning Albert II-laan 20, bus 8, 1000 Brussel Tel. 02 553 11 34 – Fax. 02 553 11 45 david.knight @ lne.vlaanderen.be
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2010 VOC Workshop Session 1D: Fugitive emissions definitions, measurement and verification David Knight Belgium - Flemish Government Environment, Nature.
2010 VOC WORKSHOP: SESSION 1D17-18/06/2010 Solvent based printing: flexography, rotogravure, laminating, varnishing (> 200 ton/year) I = 100% O4 = 10% O5 = 90 % BREF BATAEL: 7,5 - 12,5 % In IPPC permits: 10% of reference emission Solvent based printing => incinerator Floor extraction + cleaning machines => incinerator Solvent based flexography, rotogravure, laminating, varnishing
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Belgium - Flemish Government Environment, Nature and Energy departmentAir, Nuisance, Risk Management, Environment and Health DivisionKoning Albert II-laan 20, bus 8, 1000 BrusselTel. 02 553 11 34 – Fax. 02 553 11 [email protected]
ELV and BATAELELV: 100 mg C / Nm3 20% of solvent input Reduction scheme: 25% * (4*solids) BREF: 7,5 – 12,5 % * (4*solids)
2010 VOC WORKSHOP: SESSION 1D 17-18/06/2010
Solvent based printing:Solvent based printing:flexography, rotogravure, laminating, flexography, rotogravure, laminating, varnishing (> 200 ton/year)varnishing (> 200 ton/year)
I = 100% O4 = 10%
O5 = 90 %
BREF BATAEL: 7,5 - 12,5 % In IPPC permits: 10% of reference emission Solvent based printing => incineratorFloor extraction + cleaning machines => incinerator
Solvent based flexography, rotogravure, laminating, varnishing
2010 VOC WORKSHOP: SESSION 1D 17-18/06/2010
2010 VOC WORKSHOP: SESSION 1D 17-18/06/2010
[O4 = I – O5] in practice
Unit Value Deviation
Min. Max.
Flowrate m3/h 50.000
Concentration g/m3 5
Operation Hours 3400
O5 Ton/year 850 10% 765 935
Input Ton/year 1000
O4 Ton/year 150 235 65
O4 % of solvent input
15 23,5 6,5
POSSIBLE SOLUTION = MEASURE O4 INSTEAD OF O5
2010 VOC WORKSHOP: SESSION 1D 17-18/06/2010
[O4 = I – O5] in practice
Possibility 1Printing room with negative pressure due to extraction, all extraction to incinerator
Possibility 3Printing room under pressure / no pressure
NO PROBLEMCan be tested with e.g. smoke
PROBLEMATICEmissions through doors, windows
Possibility 2Printing room with negative pressure due to extraction, not all extraction to incinerotor
Emission through ventitlation shaftsCan be tested with e.g. smokeVentilation shafts can be measured
2010 VOC WORKSHOP: SESSION 1D 17-18/06/2010
Possibility 3: several methods tested Possibility 3: several methods tested during 1 production day (VITO during 1 production day (VITO
Method 1: input + passive sampling Method 2: input + portable FIDMethod 3: FID for O5 and passive sampling for O4Method 4: FID for O5 and portable FID for O4 Method 5: portable FID for O4 and O5Method 6: theoretical estimation based on specifics of printing machines and used solvents
Theoretical percentages based on the following assumptions: Completely covered ink fountain = 0% Adequate coverage of ink fountains = 2,5% Chamber doctor blades = 2,5% Open ink fountain = 5% Disfunctioning of incinerator = 0,29% Cleaning machine not connected = 5% Residual solvent in products = 2,5% ect.
Estimation of solvent use for every machine
Combination of this information leads to emission estimate of 9,6 %
ELV 150 mg C / Nm3 AND 3% of solvent input 3% of solvent input
2010 VOC WORKSHOP: SESSION 1D 17-18/06/2010
O1 + O4 = I – O5 – O7
Unit Value Deviation
Min. Max.
I = INPUT Ton/year 10.000 1% 10.100 9.900
O7 = PRODUCT Ton/year 9.700 1% 9.603 9.797
O5 = INCINERATOR Ton/year 100 10% 90 110
O1 + O4 Ton/year 200 >100% 407 23
O1 + O4 % of input 4% 0%
POSSIBLE SOLUTION = MEASURE O4 INSTEAD OF O1 AND O7
2010 VOC WORKSHOP: SESSION 1D 17-18/06/2010
Paint and ink production: estimation of Paint and ink production: estimation of emissions at 3 plants in Belgium emissions at 3 plants in Belgium
Plant 1 O1 + O4 = I – O5 – O7
Plant 2 Uses results of monitoring of working environment Twice a year employees wear passive sampling badges For every production area, the ventilation frequency is known (e.g. air is refreshed 6 times per hour) Concentration and ventilation combined give an estimate of mass flux for every area
Plant 3 All emissions are lead through ventilation shafts All emissions are measured at least once a year Continuous paint production Difference between mass balance and measurement = 85%