2010 05-17 performing as designed - amber wood

Dedicated to improving home building since 1964.

Performing as Designed? Real-World Analysis of Occupied

High-Performance Homes

Energy Estimations & Performance DataAmber Wood

National Green Building Conference

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K. Hovnanian, Monmouth HPH Energy Simulations Monitored Data

LCCTC, Green Home 1 Energy Simulations Monitored Data

Summary

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K. Hovnanian, NJJockey Club Subdivision

Monmouth HPH

Oceanport, NJ

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K. Hov NJ • Monmouth HPHOceanport, NJ

Jockey Club Subdivision Ongoing Monitoring Mixed Humid Climate 2,498 sqft (single story)

Increased insulation Air Sealing High Efficiency HVAC Simplified duct system

saving 28% supply duct and 70% return duct material

Performance Goal 40% over 15 year old home (BA

Benchmark)

Courtesy of www.khov.com

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System Description Specifications

Foundation Slab on Grade w/ 2’ Perimeter Insulation 2” XPS R-10

Walls

Panelized WallsExterior Rigid Foam (1” SIS)

Batt Cavity InsulationContinuous Drywall

R-5R-13

Roof / Attic Loose Fill Fiberglass R-49

Windows High Performance Windows U = 0.34 / SHGC = 0.26

Heating System Gas Furnace (2-stage, ECM blower)Located in Conditioned Space 95% AFUE

Cooling System Central Unit Located in Conditioned Space 15 SEER

Ducts Deeply Buried Supply DuctSimplified Return Duct (conditioned space) Supply trunk/boots sealed w/ spray foam

Water Heater Tankless Navien Direct Vent Water HeaterCentrally Located, Manifold Piping System EF = 0.98

Lighting 90% fluorescent CFL and dimmable CFLs in recessed cans

Appliances Energy Star (where supplied)

Ventilation Honeywell Fresh Air Ventilation System Ducted to Return Control integrated with thermostat

Air Sealing Enhanced Air Sealing Details Foam over top plates, SIS gaskets, framed cavities & knee wall air barriers

PV PV System 4.9 kW

Energy Features • Monmouth HPH

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Looking for Low Cost Solutions Monmouth HPH

12 ft.9 ft.

Issue Solution

Air sealing Detailed air sealing measures to achieve whole house performance

Increased insulation Exterior structural insulation to increase thermal performance

HVAC equipment & return duct system efficiency

Located in conditioned space to reduce heat loss

Supply duct system efficiency

Deeply buried supply ducts to reduce heat loss & universal designed truss chase for multiple models

Quality control Choose details considering builder & trades

Quality assurance Construction Monitoring

Repeatable Home Enhanced features to optimize performance and cost

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Monmouth HPH Performance

Summary of major house characteristics and change from standard practice

Feature Standard Practice HPH Prototype

Foundation Slab on grade Slab on grade

Wall Framing 2x4, 16” o.c. 2x4, 16” o.c.

Sheathing Air Sealing None Taped seams, top/bottom plate gaskets

Cavity Insulation R-13 batt, Class 1 R-13 batt, Class 1

Wall Air Sealing Bottom plate caulked, penetrations, windows foamed

Bottom plate caulked, penetrations, windows foamed, top plates

foamed from attic

Truss Top cord overhang Cantilevered overhang

Attic Insulation R-38, blown R-49, blown

Space Conditioning Equipment Equipment & ducts in attic Equipment inside, ducts in truss

chase deeply buried

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Simulated Energy Savings Monmouth HPH

Savings from Typical Builder - 27% Savings from 15 yr Home - 46% HERS Index (no PV) - 60

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Performance Testing - Static Monmouth HPH

Implementing HPH design features

Performance Metric Monmouth Model Standard

Monmouth Model HPH Change

House Size (sq.ft.) 2,587 2,498- 3%

House Volume (cu.ft.) 23,542 22,732

Infiltration (CFM50) 2,717 1,021

- 61%Infiltration (ACH50) 6.9 2.7

Infiltration (ACHnat) 0.37 0.15

Normalized (CFM50/sq.ft.) 1.05 0.41

Total Duct Leakage (CFM25) 165 85 - 48%

Duct Leakage to Outside (CFM25) 74 0 - 100%

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Performance Monitoring Monmouth HPH

For HPH and Standard Model: Indoor and Outdoor Temperatures Furnace plenum temperature Furnace electricity

Estimated burner operation Compared with meter readings Calibrated with constant

temperature setting

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For 2-Month Period

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Summary of Heating Energy Use Monmouth HPH

Performance Metric Dec ‘09 – Jan ’10

Monmouth Model

Standard

Monmouth Model HPH Change

Gas Heating Energy (therms) 286 137 - 52%

Furnace Electricity (kWh) 335 145 - 57%

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Building America Cost Analysis Monmouth HPH

Measure Upgrade Cost Total Cost + 10% markup

Amortized Annual Cost (30 yr mortgage, 7%

interest)Total Energy Efficiency Investment $1,421 $1,563 $125

Site Generation $25,210 $27,731 $2,214

Total with Site Generation $26,631 $29,294 $2,339

Builder Tax Credit - $2,000 - $2,000 - $160Federal Solar Tax Credit - $7,515 - $7,515 - $600

Total Incremental Cost to Buyer Including Incentives $17,116 $19,779 $1,579

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Building America Homeowner Cash Flow

Annual Electric Energy (Site)

Annual Gas Energy (Site)

BenchmarkPrototype

House BenchmarkPrototype

House

Annual Utility Bill Reduction vs Benchmark

Local Marginal Electricity

Price

Local Marginal Gas Price

End Use (kWh/yr) (kWh/yr) (therms/yr) (therms/yr) ($/yr) ($/kWh) ($/therm) Space Heating 851 335 1365 495 $1,180 $0.17 $1.26 Space Cooling 2,720 743 $326 DHW 0 0 211 111 $126 Lighting 2,801 2,168 $104 Appliances and MELs 4,572 4,884 66 53 ($35) Ventilation 236 196 $7 Total Usage 11,180 8,326 1,642 659 $1,709 Site Generation 4,897 $808 Net Energy Use 11,180 3,429 1,642 659 $2,517 Added Annual Mortgage Cost w/o Site Gen. $125 Neutral Cost Criteria Met?

Net Cash Flow to Consumer w/o Site Gen. $1,584 Yes

Added Annual Mortgage Cost with Site Gen. $2,339 Neutral Cost Criteria Met?

Net Cash Flow to Consumer with Site Gen. w/o Incentives $178 Yes

Added Annual Mortgage Cost with Site Gen. & Incentives $1,579 Neutral Cost Criteria Met?

Net Cash Flow to Consumer with Site Gen. & Incentives $937 Yes

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Builders Challenge for Monmouth HPH

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Monmouth HPH Research

Evaluate performance of duct system Duct surface temperatures Attic air temperatures and relative humidity Ambient temperatures and relative humidity

Energy use of high efficiency cooling system

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Lancaster County Career & Technology Center (LCCTC)

Green Home 1

Mt. Joy, PA

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LCCTC Green Home 1Mt. Joy, PA

Ongoing Monitoring Cold Climate 4,055 sqft 2,696 above grade

First of 4 homes at this campus Built by Students Green features

Designed Gold on NAHB Guidelines

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Energy Features • Green Home 1

System Description Specifications

Foundation Full basement R-22 ICF basement

Walls2x4 framing

Spray Cellulose InsulationExterior Rigid Foam

R-15R-5.5

Roof / Attic Blown Cellulose R-49

Windows High Performance Low-E Windows U = 0.30 / SHGC = 0.29

Heating SystemGSHP

Located in Conditioned Space4.0 COP (Manufacturer full load)

Cooling SystemGSHP

Located in Conditioned Space18.2 EER (Manufacturer full load)

DuctsWell sealed ducts

Located in Conditioned SpaceSealed with Butyl Tape

Water HeaterSolar Water Heating System

Electric Tankless BackupManifold Piping Design

Flat Plate, Closed loop, 42 sqft system80 gallon solar storage tank

Lighting High Efficiency LightingLED and fluorescent lamps

Tubular skylights

Appliances Energy Star (where supplied)

Ventilation ERV Fresh Air Ventilation Ducted to Return Control integrated with thermostat

Air Sealing Air SealingFoamed band areas, top plates, and

thermal bypass

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Simulated Energy Savings Green Home 1

Savings from Typical Regional - 43% Savings from 15 yr Home - 54% HERS Index - 57

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Energy Savings Green Home 1

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Energy Savings Green Home 1

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LCCTC Performance Data

Significant air-sealing details Taped exterior foam and drainage

plane Air sealed top plates 2.35 ACH50 (< 0.15 ACHnat)

Duct system sealed using butyl mastic tape 0 duct loss to exterior

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GSHP Performance Summary Green Home 1

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

10/6/2009 11/6/2009 12/6/2009 1/6/2010

Dai

ly C

OP

and

(Tgr

lp_e

nt -

Tgrl

p_rt

n)

GSH

P En

ergy

(kW

h), H

DD

(de

g F)

, and

Tgr

lp (

deg

F)

Ground Source Heat Pump Energy Use and HDD

Heating Degree Days (Base 65) GSHP Energy, kWhMin of Tgrlp_Ent Min Daily COPDelta Tgrlp (daily average) Avg system COP for period: 5.17

Avg COP during steady-state operation: 6.0

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Preliminary Heating Performance Data

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Hybrid Water Heating Performance (10/6/09 to 5/12/2010)

Total Hot Water Supplied 1792 kWhSolar supply 1020 kWhElectric supply 996 kWhLosses  

Tank 153 kWhSystem (piping) 71 kWh

Solar Contribution to Hot Water Energy Use 51% 

Water Heating System Performance Green Home 1

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Building America Cost Analysis Green Home 1

Measure Upgrade Cost Total Cost + 10% markup

Amortized Annual Cost (30 yr mortgage, 7%

interest)Total Energy Efficiency Investment $28,343 $31,177 $2,489

Site Generation $0 $0 $0

Total with Site Generation $28,343 $31,177 $2,489

Builder Tax Credit - $2,000 - $2,000 - $160Solar Water Heating, Federal Tax Credit - $2,393 - $2,393 - $191

Geothermal System, Federal Tax Credit - $3,022 - $3,022 - $241

Total Incremental Cost to Buyer Including Incentives $20,929 $23,763 $1,897

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Building America Homeowner Cash Flow

Annual Electric Energy (Site)

BenchmarkPrototype

House

Annual Utility Bill Reduction vs Benchmark

Local Marginal Electricity

Price

Local Marginal Gas Price

End Use (kWh/yr) (kWh/yr) ($/yr) ($/kWh) ($/therm) Space Heating 12,647 3,264 $1,220 $0.13 $1.19 Space Cooling 3,024 533 $324 DHW 4,467 1,893 $335 Lighting 2,867 1,380 $193 Appliances and MELs 6,396 6,102 $38 Ventilation 242 484 ($31) Total Usage 29,643 13,656 $2,078 Site Generation $0 Net Energy Use 29,643 13,656 $2,078 Added Annual Mortgage Cost w/o Site Gen. $2,489 Neutral Cost Criteria Met?

Net Cash Flow to Consumer w/o Site Gen. ($411) No

Added Annual Mortgage Cost with Site Gen. & Incentives $1,897 Neutral Cost Criteria Met?

Net Cash Flow to Consumer with Site Gen. & Incentives $181 Yes

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Rainwater System Performance Green Home 1

Water supplied to toilets, laundry, and outdoors by rainwater: 89%

Household water supplied by rain*: 43.8% Utility water supply, gallons per day: 85 Rainwater supply to house, gallons per day: 66

Potable water saved due to rainwater collection, gallons (since 10/6/2009): approximately 14,500

*approximate for period from January to mid-May, 2010

Dedicated to improving home building since 1964.

Amber WoodProgram Manger Energy Efficiency

301-430-6309 [email protected]

NAHB Research Center

400 Prince George’s Blvd Upper Marlboro, MD 20774(toll-free) 800-638-8556 (fax) 301-430-6180www.nahbrc.com