2.01 structures circulatory system...2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 18 Rh factor Rhesus (Rh) factor is an inherited trait that refers to a specific protein

2.01 Remember the structures

of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 2

Essential questions

� What are the structures of blood?

� What are the structures of the circulatory system?

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 3

Structures of the circulatory system

�Blood �Heart�Arteries�Veins�Capillaries

Blood

� Hemat- = blood� -ology = the study of

� The average adult has 8 – 10 pints.

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 4

Blood

One drop of blood contains: � 5 million RBCs� 250,000-500,000 platelets� 7,500 WBCs

Red blood cells live 120 days.

Make new blood cells 2 million per second!

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 5

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 6

Structures of the blood

� Plasma� Erythrocytes� Leukocytes� Thrombocytes

Plasma

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 7

Plasma

Cellular elements

Plasma proteins

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 8

Plasma

Cellular elements

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 9

Erythrocytes

� Biconcave disk� Hemoglobin� Transportation

� Oxygen� Carbon dioxide

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 10

Leukocytes

� Larger than erythrocytes

� Five types

Leuk/o/cytes –white cells

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 11

Leukocytes

� Agranulocytes

� Lymphocytes � Monocytes

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 12

Leukocytes

� Granulocytes

� Neutrophils� Eosinophils� Basophils

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 13

Thrombocytes

� Smallest of solid components of blood

� Synthesized in red marrow

� Not cells, composed of fragments of megakaryocytes

� Necessary for the initiation of the blood clotting process

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 14

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 15

Blood types

� Inherited from parents� Determined by presence

or absence of an antigen on the surface of the red blood cell

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 16

� In 1901, the Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner discovered that blood may be grouped into four main types.

� Based on the reaction that resulted when blood from different individuals were mixed.

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 17

Blood types

� Someone with type A antigen has B antibodies� Someone with type B antigen has A antibodies� Someone with type AB antigen has no antibodies� Someone with type O antigen has A and B antibodies

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 18

Rh factor

� Rhesus (Rh) factor is an inherited trait that refers to a specific protein found on the surface of red blood cells (antigen).

� Blood used in transfusions must match donors for Rh status as well as for ABO blood type.

� Although Rh factor doesn't affect the patient’s health, it can affect pregnancy.

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 19

Rh factor

� In 1940, the Rh factor was discovered as a result of studying Rhesus monkeys.

� When blood from monkeys was injected into rabbits and guinea pigs, it clotted.

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 20

Rh factor

� If the blood has the protein, the patient is Rh positive.

� If the blood lacks the protein, the patient is Rh negative.

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 21

Structures of the circulatory system

�Heart

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 22

Heart

The heart is a double pump.

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 23

Heart

Superior vena cava

Inferior vena cava

Right atrium

Tricuspid valve Bicuspid (mitral) valve

Left atrium

Aorta

Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary vein

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Aortic semilunar valve

ApexSeptum

Right ventricle Left ventricle

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 24

Layers of the heart

Right atrium

Right ventricle

Left atrium

Left ventricle

Myocardium

Endocardium

Pericardium

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 25

Conduction system of heart beats

Refer to your textbook to

identify the structures of the

heart’s conduction system in

the correct sequence for the

heart to beat.

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 26

Structures of the circulatory system

� ARTERIES

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 27

Vessels of the circulatory system

� ARTERIES

� Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the capillaries

� Elastic, muscular and thick-walled� Transport blood under very high pressure

� Arteries > arterioles > capillaries

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 28

Vessels of the

circulatory system

Arterial bloodOxygen rich Bright red, spurts

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 29

Structures of the circulatory system

� VEINS

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 30

Vessels of the circulatory system

� VEINS� Carry deoxygenated blood away from capillaries to the

heart� Veins contain a muscular layer, but less elastic and

muscular than arteries� Thin walled veins collapse easily when not filled with blood� Veins have values that permit flow of blood only in direction

of the heart

� Veins > Venules > Capillaries

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 31

Vessels of the

circulatory system

Venous bloodOxygen poorDark crimson, oozes

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 32

Vessels of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 33

Structures of the circulatory system

�Capillaries� The smallest

blood vessels

� Connect arterioles to venules

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 34

Structures of the circulatory system

Trace the flow of blood through the body

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 35

Flow of blood through the body

Right side

Superior vena cavaInferior vena cavaRight atriumTricuspid valveRight VentriclePulmonary valvePulmonary artery

Lungs CO2 and O2 exchange

Left Side

Pulmonary veinLeft atriumBicuspid valveLeft ventricleAortic valveAortaBody

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 36

Pulse sites

� Alternating expansion and contraction of an artery as blood flows through it.

2.01 Remember the structures of the

circulatory system 37

Common pulse sites