2008 Semifinal Exam Questions

8/12/2019 2008 Semifinal Exam Questions

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2008 SEMIFINAL EXAMINATIONPART A

1. Which of the following graphs correctly displays the relationship of bloodflow velocity in humans as blood flows from the aortaarteries arterioles capillaries venules veins venae cavae?

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.


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Questions 2 and 3 refer to the diagram shown below. The diagram illustratesfeedback loops. Increased or decreased stimulation is indicated by + or.

2. Which of the following would lead to a DECREASE in activity of theAnterior Pituitary gland?

A. A lack of receptors for Cortisol on the Hypothalamus.B. A lack of receptors for Cortisol on the Anterior Pituitary.C. Intravenous injection of a large amount of ACTH.D. A tumor in the Hypothalamus causing it to secrete excess Corticotropin-

Releasing Hormone.E. Increased sensitivity of the Anterior Pituitary to Corticotropin-Releasing

Hormone.

3. What would happen if the Adrenal Cortex was artificially stimulated toproduce large amounts of Cortisol?

A. Less Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone would be released.B. More ACTH would be released.C.The activity of the Hypothalamus would increase.D.The activity of the Anterior Pituitary would increase.E.The Hypothalamus would become insensitive to Cortisol.


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9. In terms of the MN blood group, assume there are 72 people with thegenotype MM, 96 people with the genotype MN, and 32 people with thegenotype NN. What is the frequency of the M allele?

A. 0.12B. 0.32C. 0.60D. 0.72E. 0.80

10. Certain amino acids are considered essential in an animals diet becausethey cannot be produced within the organism. Which of the followingcellular processes would be most IMMEDIATELY affected by a dietarydeficiency in essential amino acids?

A. Cell divisionB. Cellular respirationC. Translation of mRNAD. Replication of DNAE. Oxygen transport

11. Both insects and vertebrates have hinged jaws. While the jaws serve thesame general purpose, they evolved from different structures in the twogroups. Such a situation is an example of:

A. punctuated equilibrium.B. hybrid vigor.C. homology.D. divergent evolution.E.

convergent evolution.

12. Infection with Giardiacan cause degeneration of the intestinal villi.Which of the following is most likely to occur following a serious Giardiainfection?

A. An inability to produce insulinB. An increase in the rate of carbohydrate digestionC. A reduction in nutrient absorption from the small intestineD. A reduction in bile production and storageE. An increase in blood pressure

13. A person is infected by a bacterial pathogen. Which of the followingwould be the typical physiological response to that infection?A. B cell activationB. Cytotoxic T cell activationC. A decrease in body temperatureD. Rapid mitotic division in cells in contact with the bacteriumE. Release of interferon


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14. Which of the following cell types would you expect to be abundant in ERand Golgi Bodies?

I. Adipose cellsII.Islet of Langerhans cellsIII.Plasma B cellsIV.Red blood cells

A. I onlyB. III onlyC. I and II onlyD. II and III onlyE. I, II, III, and IV

15. How do polypeptides find their way from the site of synthesis on thecytoplasmic ribosome to the place of their destination in theperoxisome?

A. Without signalsB. By specific transport along the cytoskeletonC. By specific carboxy-terminal targeting signalsD. By specific vesicular transportE. By transport within the ER

16. Which of the following combinations have only primary walls in a matureplant?

A Vessels members Meristematic cells Parenchyma cells

B Collenchyma cells Fibers Sieve tube member

C Sclereids Collenchyma cells Sieve cells

D Meristematic cells Tracheary elements Collenchyma cellsE Sieve elements Meristematic cells Collenchyma cells

17. A day in the sun will expose your skin to UV light. Which is NOT trueabout the resulting DNA damage/repair pathway?

A. UV exposure will cause single bonded cross-linked thymine-thyminedimers which severely distort the phosphate backbone.

B. UV exposure will cause double bonded perpendicular thymine-thyminedimers which kink the phosphate backbone.

C. Photolyase will repair DNA damage by using energy from UV light tobreak open thymine dimers.

D. During replication of damaged DNA, a single base pair deletion will befound on the newly synthesized DNA strand opposite to the thyminedimer site.

E. UV exposure only causes heritable mutation after the action ofnucleotide excision repair machinery.


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18. Three different genes (B, D, and W) are found on a small region ofchromosome 1. Each gene has two alleles. In order to determine therecombination frequency between these three genes, sperm were isolatedfrom a male heterozygous for all three genes. The male had all dominantalleles on his maternal copy of chromosome 1, but only recessive alleleson his paternal copy of chromosome 1. Each sperm was isolated

individually and PCR amplified in the BDW region. The amplifiedproducts were spotted on a nitrocellulose membrane and radioactiveallele specific probes were hybridized with the samples. The resultingaudioradiograph is shown below where a dark spot indicates successfulhybridization of the probe with the membrane.

What is the recombination frequency between B and W?

A. 1/4B. 1/3C. 1/2D. 5/6E. 1

19. Which of the following is not an activity of DNA polymerase?A. 5 to 3 endonucleaseB. 3 to 5 endonucleaseC. 5 to 3 exonucleaseD. 3 to 5 exonucleaseE. All are possible activities


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20. You order a degenerate probe designed from the following hemoglobinprotein sequence:

Trp Gly Lys Val Asn

TGG GGC AAA GTC AAT

T G T CA A

G G

How many different probe sequences would be returned to you? Howmany would be specific to your gene of interest?

A. 64 total, 5 specific to geneB. 25 total, 5 specific to geneC. 64 total, 1 specific to geneD. 25 total, 1 specific to geneE. 32 total, 1 specific to gene

21. In a laboratory, stems and roots of different plants were sectioned andslides were produced. When putting the slides into a box, they becamemixed up. Which of the following cross sections corresponds to a primaryroot of Magnoliopsida?

A Epidermis Cortex Bicollateralbundles

Pith

B Epidermis Cortex Pericycle 4 xylem strandsalternate with 4 phloem

strands

C Periderm Secondary Phloem Cambium Secondary Xylem

D Epidermis Cortex Pericycle 20 xylem strandsalternate with phloem

E Epidermis Sclerenchyma Scattered vascularbundles

Hollow pith

22. In the Magnoliophyta, the nutritive function for growth of the pollentube is performed by the:

A. body cell.B. endospermC. megasporangium.D. megagametophyte.E. style.


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Questions 23-24 refer to the following information and figure.You identify a mutant protein of transferrin. You purify both mutant and wild-type transferrin from two separate bacterial cell lines. You run two SDS-PAGEgels with identical samples and develop one with Coomassie Blue (Safe Blue).You follow a western blot and development procedure on the other gel using aprimary antibody to transferrin that conjugated to a fluorescent molecule.

23. What is the approximate molecular weight of mutant transferrin?A. About 180 KDaB. About 130 KDaC. About 300 KDaD. About 90 KDaE. Impossible to determine from the information provided.

24. Which of the following reasons most likely explains why the transferrinband in lane 2 is darker than the band in lane 3?

A.The mutant band in lane 3 is not transferrin.B.The fluorescent compound binds more efficiently to wild-type transferrin

than to mutant transferrin.C. Mutant transferrin has a similar, but not identical epitope to the primary

antibody.D. You added too much fluorescent antibody in lane 2.E.There is less mutant transferrin than wild-type transferrin.

25. Which taxon has the largest number of species within itscircumscription?

A. LiliopsidaB. MagnoliaC. MagnoliaceaeD. MagnoliidaeE. Magnoliopsida
http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/Wilson/tfp/tfpe1s95.html#q17#q17http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/Wilson/tfp/tfpe1s95.html#q17#q17


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26. A plant population that reproduces annually was found on a remoteoceanic island. Two flower-color variants are present, red and blue.Flower color is known to be a monogenic trait. The frequencies of thetwo flower colors were observed annually over a ten year period. It wasnoted the proportion of plants with blue flowers steadily declined eachyear. From these data, it may reasonably be concluded that:

A. the increased frequency of red-flowered plants was a result of geneticdrift.

B. migration of red-flowered plants into the population was the most likelycause of the observed change.

C. mutation occurred more frequently in red-flowered plants than in blue-flowered plants.

D. blue-flowered plants had a lower genetic fitness than the red-floweredplants.

E. red-flowered plants were capable of crossing with other red-floweredplants or with blue-flowered plants but blue-flowered plants could onlycross with other blue-flowered plants.

27. Uniformatarianism is part of the intellectual foundation that Darwinused to develop his theory of evolution. What was this idea?

A. Natural processes today are the same as they have always been.B. All species evolved from a uniform ancestor.C. All creatures have a uniform genetic code.D. All natural processes change at a uniform rate over time.E. All creatures have uniform rates of mutation.

28. All known organisms transcribe genetic information into proteinmolecules via the same genetic code. This finding strongly supports thehypothesis that:

A. there is only one possible way to encode information in amacromolecule.

B. the earliest macromolecules probably arose when lightning struck anoxygen-free atmosphere.

C. all organisms are descended from a single common ancestor.D. the genetic code will never be broken.E. life arose at many different times in many different ways.

29. Sugars are converted to sucrose and transported out of leaf cells. Someof that sucrose is transported into the roots where it moves into rootcells. In these cells it is converted to starch by which of the followingorganelles?

A. PeroxisomesB. LysosomesC. GlyoxysomesD. MitochondriaE. Plastids


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30. You find a small isolated group of flowering plants, all of which have redflowers. When you conduct literature research on the plant you find itcan produce either red or white flowers, with red being completelydominant to white. You therefore conclude that the parents of the plantsyou found could have had which of the possible genotypes for flower

color?

A. AA , AAB. AA, AaC. Aa, AaD. AA, aaE. All of the above are possible.

31. Of the following statements that compare and contrast the processes ofmitosis and meiosis, which is (are) biologically appropriate?

A. Both mitosis and meiosis reduce ploidy by half.B. Daughter cells in mitosis are generally genetically identical to parental

cells, whereas daughter cells in meiosis are generally different fromparent cells.

C. The primary significance of these two processes is that mitosis generallyresults in daughter cells having the same number of chromosomes as theparent cell, whereas meiosis generally reduces the chromosome numberby half as compared to the parent cell.

D. Both B and C are appropriate.E. All of the above are appropriate.

32. Some C4plants have decreased photorespiration and efficientphotosynthesis and thus:

A. increase stomatal openings and thereby increase water loss.B. decrease stomatal openings and thereby reduce water loss.C. increase stomatal openings and thereby increase leaf temperature.D. decrease stomatal openings the thereby reduce leaf temperature.E. increase stomatal openings and thereby increase the rate of

transpiration.

33. It is thought that in the phloem of certain plants, companion cellsprovide metabolic energy for the transport of substances into and out ofthe sieve tube cells. Which of the following statements would best

support this assumption? There is (are):

A. an abundance of rRNA in the sieve-tube members.B. no plasmodesmata between sieve-tube members and companion cells.C. low rates of respiration in companion cells.D. an abundance of mitochondria in companion cells.E. low rates of translocation at low temperatures.


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34. Which of the following accurately describes the sigmoid growth curvetypical of controlled population growth restricted by density-dependentfactors?

A. dN/dt = rNB. dN/dt = rN (K-N)/KC. dN/dt = NertD. Nt= NoertE. Nt= rN (K-N)/K

35. Emigration rate of lemmings was 5% when the population was 10/ha.After the population rises to 20 lemmings/ha, the emigration rate mostlikely will be:

A. 0B. < 1%C. 5%D. 10%E. > 10%

36. For populations that exhibit __________ population growth, maximumharvesting yield is achieved when _________________.

A. exponential, population growth rate is highestB. logistic, the population reaches its carrying capacityC. logistic, population growth rate is highestD. logistic, population growth rate is proportional to the populations sizeE. exponential, the population reaches its carrying capacity

37.

Various adaptations appeared in animals in their migration to land. Inthe ancestor common to modern reptiles, birds and mammals, which ofthe following traits appeared for the first time?

A. Protostomic developmentB.Tetrapod limbsC. Amniotic eggsD. LungsE.True jaws

38. Some populations are characterized by the presence of balancedpolymorphism. This condition may be maintained by all of the following

EXCEPT:

A. Balancing selectionB. Natural selectionC. Disruptive selectionD. Directional selectionE. Frequency-dependent selection


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39. Alleles Aand ain a population conform to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.Recessive individuals for this trait represent 16 of each 100 individuals.What is the most common genotype in this population?

A. AAB. AaC. aaD. AE. a

40. Which of the following plant groups is now extinct?A. Seed fernsB. LycopodsC. HorsetailsD.Tree fernsE. Hornworts


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2008 SEMIFINAL EXAMINATIONPART B

FOR QUESTIONS 41-116, USING THE INFORMATION PROVIDED ANDYOUR OWN KNOWLEDGE OF BIOLOGY, DETERMINE WHETHER THE

STATEMENTS ARE ACCEPTABLE (A) OR UNACCEPTABLE (B). EACHQUESTION WILL HAVE A VALUE OF ONE-HALF POINT.

Of the following statements (41-44) concerning Sertoli cells, indicate if thestatement is acceptable (A) or unacceptable (B).

41.They are located in the testis.42.They react to endocrine signals.43.They react to autocrine signals.44.They contain tight junctions.(Questions 45-48) The Aba family has a history of a recessive hereditary diseaseknown to be caused by a large deletion on chromosome 17. Janet Aba is acarrier of the disease. She marries Joey Kea and they want to determinewhether or not Joey is a carrier before starting a family. Which of the followingare acceptable screening methods the diagnostic center could employ todetermine Joeys genotype at this position(A) and which would not be anacceptable screening method (B)?

45.UV light absorbance of DNA samples46.DNA sequencing of erythrocytes47.Gel electrophoresis on acrylamide of DNA fragments48.Direct sequencing of amplified chromosome 17 DNA(Questions 49-52) Determine whether or not each of the following is anacceptable statement concerning HIV. Acceptable (A) or Unacceptable (B)

49.HIV binds to receptors on human leukocytes.50.The HIV genome encodes for its own reverse transcriptase.51.Death from HIV (and ultimately AIDS) is caused by progressive loss of B-cells.52.The best HIV drug targets are in the viral coat proteins, because they are the

least susceptible to mutation.


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(Questions 53-56) Of the following statements, which would be acceptable (A) forwhy primase incorporates RNA primers onto the replicating DNA? Mark allunacceptable statements as B.

53.DNA polymerase can only start adding nucleotides to a molecule containing a2 hydroxyl.

54.RNA primers allow the DNA polymerase to bind to begin replication.55.The 2hydroxyl of RNA functions as a signal indicating that this newly

synthesized region has not been proofread.

56.RNA is synthesized in the 3 to 5 direction allowing DNA to be synthesizedin the 5 to 3 direction.

(Questions 57-59) The following diagrams indicate a piece of DNA (the circularregion), a gene (the boxed region), and a primer set (the arrows). Which of thefollowing represents a PCR primer set that would completely amplify the gene?Acceptable (A) or Unacceptable (B)

57.Set A would completely amplify the gene58.Set B would completely amplify the gene59.Set C would completely amplify the gene(Questions 6062) Cloning by hybridization often involves finding a geneimplicated in a human disease by complementing the human gene with ahomologous yeast gene. With that in mind, which classes of genes may becloned in the hybridization method? Acceptable (A) or Unacceptable (B)

60.The gene responsible for sickle cell anemia.61.The gene responsible for congenital nystagmus.62.The gene responsible for phenylketonuria.


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(Questions 6365) Which of the following sequences would be recognized by arestriction enzyme? Acceptable (A) or Unacceptable (B)

63.TATATA64.TAAAAT65.TTTAAA(Questions 6668) Which of the following is (are) part of RNA processing andsynthesis? Acceptable (A) or Unacceptable (B)

66.Polyadenylation67.Transport to the nucleolus68.Catalytic function of small nuclear RNA(Questions 6971) Which of the following is (are) necessary component(s) of aneffective cloning vector? Acceptable (A) or Unacceptable (B)

69.Multiple cloning site70.Intrinsic ligase71.

An origin of replication

(Questions 7276) You perform a dissection of a pig and a chicken and discoverthat both have four-chambered hearts. You logically and correctly assume that:Acceptable (A) or Unacceptable (B)

72.early mammals possessed feathers.73.birds and mammals belong to the same class.74.birds and mammals are closely related in an evolutionary sense.75.birds and mammals had a common ancestor with a four-chambered heart.76.all vertebrates have four-chambered hearts.


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(Questions 77-81) Mycorrhizae: Acceptable (A) or Unacceptable (B)

77.may transfer nutrients from one plant to another.78.growth depends on nutrients obtained from the plant.79.permit plants to survive in phosphorus-poor soil.80.increase the absorptive surface of plants.81.form nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of plants.(Questions 82-84) Certain Ecologists state that evidence supports the followinggeneralizations: 1) producers are limited by competition for resources, 2)primary consumers (herbivores) are limited by predation, and 3) secondaryconsumers (carnivores) are limited by food. If these concepts of limiting factorsare accepted, then you would expect to find evidence for competitive exclusionin which of the following trophic levels? Acceptable (A) or Unacceptable (B)

82.Producer83.Herbivore84.Carnivore(Questions 8588) Rapidly changing habitats generally are favorable to:

Acceptable (A) or Unacceptable (B)

85.small organisms.86.K-selected species.87.species which reproduce numerous times in their lives.88.organisms which practice exploitative competition.


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(Questions 8991) Important controls on the ultimate outcome of competitionbetween species pairs that have recently come together include: Acceptable (A)or Unacceptable (B)

89.the initial number of competitors in each species.90.timing of the arrival of the members of the pair.91.physical environment.(Questions 9295) Which of the following provide(s) evidence for theintentionality of primate alarm calls? Acceptable (A) or Unacceptable (B)

92.Calls are made when a predator is spotted.93.Individuals are more likely to call when their offspring are present.94.Males are more likely to call when females are present.95.Calls are made even when the individual is alone.(Questions 9699) Which one of the following is (are) a characteristic(s) typical ofmollusks? Acceptable (A) or Unacceptable (B)

96.Mantle97.Regulative development98.Radula99.Trochophore larva(Questions 100108) In plant systematics, three lines of evidence may be usefulin determining relationships; xylotomical (wood anatomy), embryological andpalynological. Match these three with the level for which they are most useful.Acceptable (A) or Unacceptable (B)

Xylotomical:

100.Order101.Family102.GenusEmbryological:

103.Order104.Family


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105.GenusPalynological:

106.Order107.Family108.Genus(Questions 109113) The following pedigree is representative of a family with ahistory of Mickey Mouse syndrome, a disease causing the affected individual tospeak with a high squeaky voice. Based on the pedigree shown, which of thefollowing are possible modes of inheritance assuming complete penetrance andno spontaneous mutation? Acceptable (A) or Unacceptable (B)

109.Autosomal dominant110.Autosomal recessive111.X-linked dominant112.X-linked recessive113.Mitochondrial inheritance(Questions 114-116) Ammonia is produced in freshwater fish during metabolicprocesses. Indicate for each of the following statements which is (are) acceptable(A) and which is (are) unacceptable (B) explanations for why elevated ammonialevels are dangerous to the organism.

114.Ammonia can substitute for a potassium ion in ion-exchange mechanisms.115.Ammonia can adversely affect amino acid transport.116.Ammonia can cause a decrease in body pH which can adversely affect the

tertiary structure of proteins.


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FOR QUESTIONS 117-121 MARK ALL CHOICES THAT APPLY. EACH QUESTIONHAS A POINT VALUE OF 1, BUT ALL APPROPRIATE CHOICES MUST BEINDICATED TO RECEIVE CREDIT.

For Questions 117-119, match the structures indicated on the diagram belowwith their appropriate description amongst the statements that follow. Answers

may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Please mark ALL answers thatapply.

117.Muscular contractions inside this (these) organ(s) assist in childbirth.118.Structures inside this (these) organ(s) produce estrogen in response to

release of LH and FSH from the pituitary gland.

119.Human embryonic development occurs in which organ(s).


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120.Consider an autosomal recessive disease with an incidence of 1/10,000 inthe general population of 100,000. Your best friend comes to you veryupset because he has just taken a screening test for this disease and gottena positive result. He is convinced he is a carrier, despite having no familyhistory of the disease. You try to reassure him, but he says, "Don't bother.

The Clinic said this test has 98% sensitivity and 90% specificity. With thatlevel of sensitivity, it must be correct!" What is the chance your friend isNOT a carrier?

A.2%B.10%C.20%D.49%E.83%

121.Which of the following structures or group of cells found in earthworms hassimilar functions to the liver of vertebrates?

A. TyphlosolisB. CoelomocytesC. Chloragog (chloragogue, chlorogogen)D. Cells that line the inner surface of the small intestineE. Calcium gland cells


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2008 SEMIFINAL EXAMINATIONPART C

1. During the isolation of DNA, SDS may be used to dissolve the phospholipidmembrane of the bacterial cells. List two other functions of SDS in

molecular biology. (4 points)

a._________________________________________________________b._________________________________________________________

2. You are studying the TRA gene in humans. The TRA gene is thought to beresponsible for the migration behavior observed in chimps. After manyweeks of cloning and isolating TRA to its coding sequence, you decide toput the coding sequence into a plasmid known as pUC.16. This pUC.16plasmid is known to express high levels of recombinant protein and has anAmpRgene for ease of selection. The plasmid is shown below.

The version of TRA you now have is flanked on both ends by BamHI andAluI cut sites and a diagram of it is given below. Assume there are no otherrelevant cut sites in this gene.(7 points)

PvuII: 5- CAG*CTG-3HindIII: 5- A*ACGTT-3BamHI: 5-G*GATCC-3EcoRI: 5-G*AATTC-3

AluI: 5-AG*CT-3


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a. Describe the procedure you would use to create a unique plasmidthat has TRA under the control of the T7 promoter. NOTE: Theplasmid must be functional in the capacity of a cloning vector andthis procedure may require multiple steps.

You successfully clone TRA and place it under the control of an induciblepromoter pUC.16. You transform the construct into bacterial cells. Youadd a compound that induces expression of cloned TRA and then decide to

detect expression levels of induced TRA.

b.Of the following methods, circle those that you could use to quantifymRNA expression levels of TRA. (Circle all that apply.)

1. RT-PCR2. Microarray analysis3. RNAi4. Shot gun sequencing5. Western blot analysis

c.After you add your inducer, you realize that you want to restore basallevel expression of TRA in your cells. Which of the following methodswould reduce or eliminate TRA expression? (Circle all that apply.)

a. Adding TRA-specific antibodies to your cells.b. Adding TRA-specific siRNA to your cells.c. Adding TRA-specific repressor protein.d.Removing the TRA proteine. Removing the inducer


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3. Some mammals have the capability to digest cellulose. (5.5 points)

a. Compare and contrast the fore-gut and hind-gut approaches to cellulosedigestion employed by these mammals. Include an example of whichmammals use each approach.

b. Can humans digest cellulose? (Yes or No) Why or why not?


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4. There are a variety of glands in mammals. Provide a general system forclassifying these glands and discuss the general characteristics of each group.(3 points)


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5. With flowering plants in mind answer each of the following. (6.5 points)

a. Seeds in flowering plants are dispersed in four different ways. Nameand briefly discuss each method of seed dispersal.

b. What is the evolutionary significance of seeds?

c. What is the evolutionary significance of the seed dispersal mechanisms?

d. Compare and contrast spores and seeds.

e. Compare the dispersal mechanisms of spores and seeds.


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6. The British ecologist H. B. D. Kettlewell conducted famous experimentsbetween 1952 and 1972 on the Peppered Moth. (6.5 points)

a. What was the original purpose of his research?

b. What was the experimental protocol that he followed?

c. What were the results that he found?

d. What were the interpretations and conclusions formed based on thoseresults?

e. What is the modern-day interpretation of those results?


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7. A woman who is a heterozygous carrier of an X-linked recessive disease genemates with a phenotypically normal male. The disease gene has apenetrance of 70%. On average, what proportion of this couple's sons willbe affected with the disorder? (Show your work.)(1.5 points)

8. In humans, hereditary diseases are often present with no previous familyhistory of the disorder. Briefly describe three genetic situations in whichyou would be most likely to observe a genetic disorder for which there is noprevious family history of the disease phenotype.(2 points)


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9. In a population an X-linked dominant disorder affects 1/100 males in thepopulation. What proportion of females would be affected with the X-linkeddominant disorder? (Show your work.)(2 points)

10.An investigator is studying the relationship between urine osmolarity inmice following consumption of 2% saline water in relation to normal tapwater. She discovers that there is increased osmolarity of the urine andincreased excretion of chloride after consumption of 2% saline water. Thisgives rise to a second question: how are the mice able to excrete the excesssalt consumed while maintaining water balance? She assumes that there isADH release during saline consumption. What evidence would be required tosupport the assumption of increased ADH release during periods of increasedsalt consumption?(2 points)

2008 Semifinal Exam Questions

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