Centre Number Student Number 2008 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION Ancient History General Instructions • Reading time – 5 minutes • Working time – 3 hours • Write using black or blue pen • Write your Centre Number and Student Number at the top of this page Total marks – 100 Section I Pages 2–7 25 marks • Attempt Questions 1–3 • Allow about 45 minutes for this section Section II Pages 9–18 25 marks • Attempt ONE question from Questions 4–13 • Allow about 45 minutes for this section Section III Pages 19–21 25 marks • Attempt ONE question from Questions 14–25 • Allow about 45 minutes for this section Section IV Pages 22–26 25 marks • Attempt ONE question from Questions 26–41 • Allow about 45 minutes for this section 305
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Centre Number
Student Number
2008 H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C AT E
E X A M I N AT I O N
Ancient History
General Instructions
• Reading time – 5 minutes
• Working time – 3 hours
• Write using black or blue pen
• Write your Centre Number and Student Number at the top of this page
Total marks – 100
Section I Pages 2–7
25 marks
• Attempt Questions 1–3
• Allow about 45 minutes for this section
Section II Pages 9–18
25 marks
• Attempt ONE question from Questions 4–13
• Allow about 45 minutes for this section
Section III Pages 19–21
25 marks
• Attempt ONE question from Questions 14–25
• Allow about 45 minutes for this section
Section IV Pages 22–26
25 marks
• Attempt ONE question from Questions 26–41
• Allow about 45 minutes for this section
305
Section I — Cities of Vesuvius – Pompeii and Herculaneum
25 marksAttempt Questions 1–3Allow about 45 minutes for this section
Answer the questions in the spaces provided.
Marks
1
2
Question 1 (7 marks)
At the same time, an unbelievable quantity of ash wasblown out, covering land, sea and all the sky. Notsurprisingly it did a great deal of damage to men, farmsand cattle. It destroyed all fish and birds and, inaddition, it buried two whole cities, Herculaneum andPompeii . . . The whole cloud of dust was so great thatsome of it reached Africa, Syria and Egypt; it alsoreached Rome, filling the sky above it and darkeningthe sun.
The gladiatorial troupe of Aulus Suettius Certus will fight at Pompeii on 31 May. There will be a hunt and awnings. Good fortune to all Neronian games.
Gaius Quinctius Valgus, son of Gaius, and Marcus Porcius, son of Marcus, quinquennial duumvirs, for the honour of the colony, saw to the construction of the amphitheatre at their own expense and gave the area to the colonists in perpetuity.
Source 3: Inscriptions from Pompeii Reproduced with the permission of Cengage Learning
Using Source 3 and your own knowledge, explain the importance of the amphitheatre in Pompeian society.
Source 4: Conservation at Herculaneum Source 5 Image: Jane Thompson/Herculaneum Conservation Project. With kind permission of the Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Napoli e Pompei
Using Sources 4 and 5 and your own knowledge, assess methods used by archaeologists and/or other specialists to reconstruct the past at Pompeii and/or Herculaneum.
25 marksAttempt ONE question from Questions 4–13Allow about 45 minutes for this section
Answer the question in a SEPARATE writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.
Marks
2
3
8
12
Question 4 — Option A – Egypt: Society in Old Kingdom Egypt,Dynasties III to VI (25 marks)
(a) Name TWO Old Kingdom leisure activities.
(b) What was a Heb-Sed festival?
(c) Describe the importance of the River Nile in Old Kingdom Egypt.
(d) With reference to Source 6 and other sources, explain the importance offunerary customs in this period.
Source 6: The mummy of Nefer at SaqqaraReproduced with the permission of Deutsches Archaeologisches Institut
– 9 –306
Marks
2
3
8
12
Question 5 — Option B – Egypt: Society in New Kingdom Egypt to the death of Amenhotep III (25 marks)
(a) Name TWO New Kingdom leisure activities.
(b) What was a vizier?
(c) Describe the main features of temples in New Kingdom Egypt.
(d) With reference to Source 7 and other sources, explain the importance of the empire to Egyptian society in this period.
Source 7: Relief from the Temple of Karnak J Lawless et al, Studies in Ancient Egypt: period and personalities, 2nd edition, Nelson/Thomson Learning, Melbourne, 2001, reproduced with permission.
– 10 –
Marks
2
3
8
12
Question 6 — Option C – Egypt: Society in New Kingdom Egypt during the Ramesside Period, Dynasties XIX and XX (25 marks)
(a) Name TWO New Kingdom leisure activities.
(b) What was a vizier?
(c) Describe the main features of temples during the Ramesside Period.
(d) With reference to Source 8 and other sources, explain the importance of funerary customs in this period.
Source 8: Scene from the Tomb of Sennedjem J Lawless et al, Societies from the Past, Nelson/Thomson Learning, Melbourne, 1998, reproduced with permission.
– 11 –
Marks
2
3
8
12
Question 7 — Option D – The Near East: Assyrian society from Sargon II to Ashurbanipal (25 marks)
(a) Name TWO groups in the Assyrian ruling elite.
(b) What is a lamassu?
(c) Describe the main features of Assyrian religious beliefs and practices.
(d) With reference to Source 9 and other sources, explain the importance of vassal states to the Assyrian empire.
I besieged and conquered Samaria, led away as booty 27,290 inhabitants of it. I formed from among them a contingent of 50 chariots . . . Hanno, I captured personally. I received the tribute from Pir’u of Musuru, from Samsi, queen of Arabia (and) It’amar the Sabaean, gold in dust-form, horses (and) camels.
. . . I crushed the tribes of Tamud, Ibadidi, Marsimanu, and Haiapa, the Arabs who live, far away, in the desert . . . and who had not (yet) brought their tribute to any king. I deported their survivors and settled (them) in Samaria.
Source 9: Inscriptions of Sargon II, King of Assyria
Question 8 — Option E – The Near East: Society in Israel from Solomon to the fall of Samaria (25 marks)
(a) Name TWO Israelite prophets.
(b) What is the Siloam tunnel?
(c) Describe the roles and status of Israelite women.
(d) With reference to Source 10 and other sources, explain the importance of Israelite fortified cities.
Awaiting copyright
Source 10: Plan of the fortified citadel of Samaria
– 13 –
Marks
2
3
8
12
Question 9 — Option F – The Near East: Persian society at the time of Darius and Xerxes (25 marks)
(a) Name TWO gods worshipped in the Persian empire.
(b) What was a satrap?
(c) Describe the social structure of Persian society.
(d) With reference to Source 11 and other sources, explain the significance of vassal states and subject peoples to the Persian empire.
Awaiting copyright
Source 11: Relief from Persepolis
– 14 –
Marks
2
3
8
12
Question 10 — Option G – Greece: The Bronze Age – Society in Minoan Crete (25 marks)
(a) Name TWO natural resources of Crete.
(b) What is the Phaistos Disc?
(c) Describe the main features of Minoan frescoes.
(d) Explain what Source 12 and other sources suggest about Minoan religion.
Source 12: Figurine from Knossos Gae Callender, The Minoans, Thomas Nelson Australia, South Melbourne, 1994, reproduced with permission
– 15 –
Marks
2
3
8
12
Question 11 — Option H – Greece: The Bronze Age – Mycenaean society (25 marks)
(a) Name TWO Mycenaean sites.
(b) What is a tholos tomb?
(c) Describe the main features of the citadel of Mycenae.
(d) With reference to Source 13 and other sources, explain the importance of crafts and industry in Mycenaean society.
Source 13: A gold cup found at Vapheio J Lawless et al, Societies from the Past, Nelson/Thomson Learning, Melbourne, 1998, reproduced with permission.
– 16 –
Marks
2
3
8
12
Question 12 — Option I – Greece: Spartan society to the Battle of Leuctra 371 BC (25 marks)
(a) Name TWO natural resources of Sparta.
(b) Who were the helots?
(c) Describe the roles and status of women in Spartan society.
(d) With reference to Source 14 and other sources, explain the significance of Lycurgus’ reforms to Spartan society.
Lycurgus, who gave them the laws that they obey, and to which they owe their prosperity, I do regard with wonder; and think that he reached the utmost limit of wisdom. For it was not by imitating other states, but by devising a system utterly different from that of most others, that he made his country pre-eminently prosperous.
Source 14: Xenophon, Constitution of the Lacedaemonians, 2 Reprinted by permission of the publishers and the Trustees of the Loeb Classical Library from XENOPHON: VOLUME VII, Loeb Classical Library (R) Volume 183, translated by E.C. Marchant and Glen W. Bowersock, p137, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, Copyright (C) 1925, 1968 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. The Loeb Classical Library(R) is a registered trademark of the President and Fellows of Harvard College.
– 17 –
Marks
2
3
8
12
Question 13 — Option J – Greece: Athenian society in the time of Pericles (25 marks)
(a) Name TWO Athenian public buildings.
(b) What was the Piraeus?
(c) Describe the impact of empire on the economy of Athens.
(d) With reference to Source 15 and other sources, explain the significance of festivals in Athenian society.
Awaiting copyright
Source 15: Section of the Parthenon frieze showing horsemen preparing for a festival
– 18 –
Section III — Personalities in Their Times
25 marks Attempt ONE question from Questions 14–25 Answer BOTH part (a) and (b) in the question you attempt Allow about 45 minutes for this section
Answer the question in a SEPARATE writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.
In your answers you will be assessed on how well you:
■ present sustained, logical, and well-structured answers to the question
■ use relevant sources to support your argument
■ use historical terms and concepts appropriately
Marks
10
15
10
15
10
15
10
15
Question 14 — Option A – Egypt: Hatshepsut (25 marks)
(a) What was Hatshepsut’s relationship to the god Amun?
(b) Evaluate the foreign policy of Hatshepsut.
Question 15 — Option B – Egypt: Akhenaten (25 marks)
(a) What was Akhenaten’s relationship to the god Aten?
(b) Evaluate the building program of Akhenaten.
Question 16 — Option C – Egypt: Ramesses II (25 marks)
(a) What were the religious policies of Ramesses II?
(b) Evaluate the foreign policy of Ramesses II.
Question 17 — Option D – The Near East: Sennacherib (25 marks)
(a) How was Sennacherib’s empire organised and administered?
(b) Evaluate the building program of Sennacherib.
– 19 –
In your answers you will be assessed on how well you:
■ present sustained, logical, and well-structured answers to the question
■ use relevant sources to support your argument
■ use historical terms and concepts appropriately
Marks
10
15
10
15
10
15
10
15
10
15
Question 18 — Option E – The Near East: Xerxes (25 marks)
(a) How did Xerxes deal with revolts in the Persian empire?
(b) Evaluate the building program of Xerxes.
Question 19 — Option F – The Near East: Hannibal (25 marks)
(a) Describe Hannibal’s background and early career to the beginning of the Second Punic War (218 BC).
(b) Evaluate Hannibal’s strategies and campaigns in the Second Punic War.
Question 20 — Option G – Greece: Pericles (25 marks)
(a) What were Pericles’ democratic reforms?
(b) Evaluate the contribution of Pericles to Athens’ “Golden Age”.
Question 21 — Option H – Greece: Alexander the Great (25 marks)
(a) Describe Alexander’s family background and education.
(b) Evaluate Alexander’s relationship with his army and generals.
Question 22 — Option I – Greece: Cleopatra VII (25 marks)
(a) Describe Cleopatra’s family background and education.
(b) Evaluate Cleopatra’s political relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.