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The answer is C. Question 4 Draw a quick tree diagram. There are 8 possible outcomes with equal probability, 1 of those is to get 3 heads, 3 of those are to get 2 heads, 3 of those are to get 1 head, and 1 of those is to get 0 heads. The answer is C.
Option A does not give the right hand side of the equation. Option C has one incorrect element in the 33× matrix. Option D has the two column matrices in the wrong positions. Option E actually solves the system, which is not what the question has asked. So option E is incorrect. Only option B shows an equivalent matrix equation. The answer is B. Question 6 A translation of 2 units to the left changes the rule xey −=1 to become .
A reflection in the y-axis changes the rule to The answer is B. Question 7
Question 8 This is the topic of “functionalities” where you need to consider the type of functions that follow the rules given. Consider )2(log)( xxf e= so )2(log)( xyxyf e= This then follows the rule for log addition where )(log)2(log)2(log yxxy eee += Only option C shows this correct addition. The answer is C. Question 9 Method 1
( )
4114
123123or
2332
123 so123
=
−=−
+=+−
+=−−
=
=
+=−
+=−
p
ppppp
p
ppppp
The answer is D. Method 2 Sketch 1 and )23(abs 21 +=−= xyxy .
Points of intersection occur at 23or
41 so,,
23at and
41
==== ppxx .
The answer is D. Question 10 A graph of the product of functions can help here to eliminate the incorrect answers. The graph of the function )()()( xgxfxh ×= gives xxxxh elog)2()( 2 ×−= . The graph of the function )(xh exists for the domain that is common to both graphs of )(xf and )(xg ; that is, the domain { }0\R . This means that option A has the incorrect domain and also option B cannot be correct. The graph is not continuous at 0=x . By graphing )(xhy = , we see that there is a local maximum at approximately )61.0,30.0( so option D is incorrect and there is no stationary point at 1=x so option C is incorrect. Also xxxxh elog)1(22)(' −+−= . This derivative is offered in option E. The answer is E.
Question 13 ( )xf is positive for 22 >∪−< xx . ( )xf ' is the gradient of ( )xf and is positive for .
So ( )xf and ( )xf ' are both positive for . The answer is D. Question 14 Let the antiderivative function of f be called g. So, ( ) ( )xfxg =' . For ( ) ( ) 0 ,, >−∈ xfaax , so the graph of g will have a positive gradient. Note that for there to be a stationary point (which may be a local min/max or point of inflection) ( ) 0=xf . For ( ) ( ) 0 ,, ≠−∈ xfaax . The answer is A.
Options B, C and E are options that show the common mistake where a is substituted for x
without first simplifying the denominator in the fraction 22 23 aaxx
xa+−
− . These options give
zero in the denominator so options B, C and E are incorrect. Only option D shows the correct answer. The answer is D. Method 2- using a CAS calculator The CAS calculator can calculate this limit in one step. The answer is D. Question 16
The answer is B. Question 18 This is a question on average value of a function. The average value of a function from
bxax == to is given by ∫−
b
a
dxxfab
)(1
∫ ⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎝
⎛−
−=
24
012
cos2212024
1 dttπ
Evaluating this using the CAS calculator gives the answer as an exact value of 212 . Option E gives the incorrect answer commonly made with the mistake of forgetting to divide by ab − . Option A gives the incorrect answer confusing average value with average rate of change. Only option D shows this correct answer. The answer is D.
Question 19 The shaded area is given by normalcdf(39, 100, 42,2) = 0.93319… = 93% to the nearest percent (Alternatively, normalcdf(-1.5,100,0,1) = 0.93319…) The answer is C. Question 20 This represents a binomial distribution because there is a fixed probability of an event happening i.e. 0.78 and there is a fixed number of “trials” i.e. 4 and we want a particular number of events required i.e. 3 or 4. Method 1 ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
78780220780220780
goals 4Prgoals 3Pr04
4413
34
⋅=
⋅⋅+⋅⋅=
+
CC
The answer is E. Method 2 binompdf(4,0.78,3) + binompdf(4,0.78,4) = 0.7878 The answer is E. Question 21 This is the topic of Probability Density Functions (PDF), where you need to consider functions in the domain given that have an area under the curve equal to 1. The mean is given by
∫=e
dxxxf1
)(µ
ee
dxexxe
e
e
41
43
)(log1
1
−=
×= ∫
This means options C or D could be correct. The mode is the x-value that gives the maximum point on the graph of )(xfy = .
( )
xexf
exexexf e
11)(' so
elsewhere0
1,log1)(
×=
⎪⎩
⎪⎨
⎧≤≤
=
This gives no solution for a stationary point in the domain. )(xf is an increasing function so the maximum point is at the end of the domain at ex = .
SECTION 2 Question 1 a. The x-intercept occurs when ( ) 02log6 2 =xx e . Solve this equation for x.
So 21
=x
The x-intercept occurs at as required
(1 mark)
b. The function ( ) ( )xxxf e 2log6 2= is only defined for values of x such that ; that is, for because ( )xe 2log is only defined for these values.
(1 mark)
c. The turning point is located at ( )30,30 ⋅−⋅ where each coordinate is expressed correct to one decimal place.
(1 mark) d. From part c. [ )∞⋅−= ,30fr where 3.0− is expressed correct to one decimal place.
(1 mark)
e. i. The function f does not have an inverse function because it is not a function.
(1 mark)
ii. The function g must be a function since exists. The maximal domain of g is therefore [ )∞⋅ ...,30320 where the value of a is the x-coordinate of the turning point of the curve. The answer is where a is correct to one decimal place.
(1 mark) f. i. The two transformations are:
• a dilation by a factor of k units from the y axis (1 mark) • a reflection in the x-axis (1 mark)
g. Differentiate ( ) ( )xxxf e 2log6 2= . ( ) ( ) xxxxf e 62log12' +=
Since the gradient of the tangent is 1, solve ( ) 162log12 =+ xxx e ...37805.0=x (1 mark)
From the earlier graph, check that this x-coordinate is feasible. (For example, for 3.00 << x the gradient would be negative and therefore couldn’t be 1.)
Now ( ) ...2397.0...37085.0 −=f So 2.0 and 4.0 −== ba where a and b are both expressed correct to one decimal place. (1 mark)
h.
i. ( ) ( )
places) decimal 2 o(correct t units square 3811250750250 area eApproximat
⋅=
×⋅+⋅×⋅= ff
(1 mark)
ii. Since the rectangles extend above the function f the approximation will be greater than the exact area.
(1 mark)
i. The required area is given by ( )∫⋅
1
50
2 2log6 dxxx e . (1 mark)
Simplifying this gives 127)2(log2 −e square units. (1 mark)
The temperature is C°30 . (1 mark) b. The temperature of this food is in the “hot safe zone” if its temperature is greater than
°60 Since ( ) 306
sin30 +⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎝
⎛=
ttT π , the maximum temperature that this food reaches
is 6030130 =+× since the maximum value for 6
sin ⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎝
⎛ tπ is one. So the temperature
is never greater than °60 and so the temperature of the food is never in the “hot safe zone”. (1 mark)
c. Solve .for 306
sin3060 tt+⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎝
⎛=
π
So 15or 3 == tt . So the temperature of the food is C°60 at 3am and 3pm on Friday.
(1 mark) d. The food is safe between C00 and C05 . This occurs for 12.1088.7 << t and
12.2288.19 << t . (1 mark)
The food is therefore safe between 7.53am and 10.07am on Friday and again between 7.53pm and 10.07pm on Friday. (1 mark)
e. i. The rate at which the temperature of this food is changing is given by the
gradient of the function ( )tT . From the graph of ( )tTy = we see that the gradient is negative for ( ) ( )21,159,3 ∪∈t . So on Friday between 3am and 9am and then again between 3pm and 9pm, the rate is negative. (1 mark)
ii. The rate at which the temperature of this food is changing is given by the gradient of the function ( )tT ; that is by the derivative ( )tT ' .
Now ( ) 306
sin30 +⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎝
⎛=
ttT π
so ( ) ⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎝
⎛=
6cos5' ttT π
π by hand or by CAS
Solve 56
cos5 =⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎝
⎛ tππ for t for 240 ≤≤ t (1 mark)
...6186.21...,3813.14...,6186.9...,3813.2=t The rate at which the temperature of the food is changing equals five degrees per hour on Friday at 2.23am, at 9.37am,at 2.23pm and at 9.37pm. (1 mark)
part a.) (1 mark) c. There are 2 transitions to 2007
⎢⎣
⎡=
4.06.0
2S 2
2.08.0⎥⎦
⎤⎥⎦
⎤⎢⎣
⎡
01
= ⎥⎦
⎤⎢⎣
⎡
32.068.0
(1 mark)
The probability of Sue holidaying in the mountains in 2007 is 0.32. (1 mark)
d. ⎢⎣
⎡=∞ 4.0
6.0S
∞
⎥⎦
⎤
2.08.0
⎥⎦
⎤⎢⎣
⎡
01
= ⎥⎦
⎤⎢⎣
⎡
33.067.0
(1 mark)
Over the long term Sue prefers to go to the beach for her July holidays since she holidays there 67% of the time over the long term.
(1 mark)
e. Since the function )(tf is a probability density function, then
1)3(3
0
2 =−∫ dtta .
Solving this using a CAS calculator gives 91
=a . Have shown. (1 mark)
f. Let m represent the median. The median is the “middle” value in the distribution.
So, ( ) 5.0391
0
2 =−∫m
dtt .
Solving this for m gives 0.6188… So the median time to the nearest minute is 37 minutes (to the nearest minute). (1 mark) g. The probability that Sue does less than two hours of yard duty in a week is given by
−=−== emetV because the function )(tVm is continuous. (1 mark)
Similarly, when 40104020 =+− t
50=t
so 502 =m (1 mark) e. The average volume is given by
( )( ) ...723.331log71501
17
25
1
0725 =++
−+−∫+−
dtte
e
e (1 mark)
The average volume is 3cm34 to the nearest 3cm (1 mark) f. 0)( =tVm
520104020
=
=+−
tt
(1 mark) g. Method 1
The function ( )tVk is an increasing function and therefore we need to be sure that the initial value; that is when 0=t , of the function is greater than 20.
)2(log15)( kttV ek ++= , 0≥t . We require that ( ) 20>tVk (1 mark) that is,