2007 IEEE Product Compliance Symposium – EMC Workshop · Electromagnetic. Compatibility Regulations & Standards Overview. Regulatory Terms. Regulations Background. FCC - USA. European

ElectroMagnetic Investigations, LLC22 October 2007

2007 IEEE Product Compliance Symposium – EMC Workshop

Electromagnetic Compatibility Regulations & Standards Overview

Presented by Henry Benitez, President ElectroMagnetic Investigations, LLC

Sponsored by the IEEE Product Safety Engineering Society


Electromagnetic Compatibility Regulations & Standards Overview

Regulatory Terms

Regulations Background

FCC - USA

European Union New EMC Directive

Standards Development Process

Comparison of Standards

Sample Standard – IEC61326

EMC Test Plans


Making Sense of World-Wide Product Standards & Regulations

HBSE ?

MIC mark ?

CCC ?

MRA’s

EN60950 ?

A2LA ? DOC ?


Early History of EMC

1864

1979

1889

Start of the Golden age

of Radio

1957

1895

• End of Golden age

of radio

FCC established –

Frequency allocation initiated

Marconi – Tx/Tr RFI term originated

Birth date of IEEE

EMC Society

Maxwell –

Develop EM

Equations

WWII Radars, Jammers –Radio field developed

19251934

19401950

1901

Intro to Digital

Computers

Hertz – RF Transmit &

Receive Experiment

FCC EMI

Regs

Emergence of home

PC’s, video games, etc.


Recent History of EMC Regulations

1980

Post2007

1992

EU EMC Directive mandatory

1982

19961997

Proliferation of basic stds

Lab accreditation requirements

TaiwanKoreaRussiaAustraliaNew Zealand

EC ‘92 EMC Directive introduced(incl. Immunity)

Canada EMI Reg

•Expansion of worldwide regulations

FCC

China

EMEA

•Military

•VDE

German

Regs

2007

•New

•EMC

•Directive


General History of Product Safety

1870’s

Post 2007

1894

VDE Safety

1893

19921997

• China CCC

CSA Founded

VDE Founded

BSI Founded

•New LVD

TUV Founded

National Regulations (Pre-EU)•France

•Germany•Switzerland

•Mexico

•Asia Pacific

•Nordic Country Alliance

•Europe (Note: LVD 1973) Taiwan BSMI Safety

UL founded

South America1901

1920’s1980

New Machine Directive

1906

IEC formed


World-Wide Electromagnetic Compatibility Regulations

Eastern Europe, former Soviet Union States, Middle East

Australia

Africa

ChinaJapan

Taiwan

S. Korea

Canada

USAEU

SouthAmerica

Mexico

New Zealand

Antarctica ?


USA

• FCC Part 15 Subpart B• Radiated and Conducted Emissions• Numerous non-ITE product exemptions• Specifications becoming more harmonized

with international CISPR specifications• Radiated emission requirements above 1

GHz for some products• Three approval methods utilized


FCC Measurement Frequency Range

Highest frequency used the device (MHz)

Upper frequency range (MHz)

Below 1.705 301.705 – 108 1000108 – 500 2000500 – 1000 5000

>1000 5th harmonic of the highest frequency or 40 GHz, whichever is lowest


FCC Approval Methods

• Verification – Products must be tested and records kept by the manufacturer. No information is sent to the FCC.

• Certification – Products must be tested and a technical file must be submitted and approved by the FCC or TCB. (The technical file includes the EMI test report, photos, block diagrams, internal frequency information, etc.).

• Declaration of Conformity – This method is specific to Class B computers/peripherals and certain other products. Testing must be done at test labs certified by FCC recognized accreditation bodies.


FCC Applicable Product Approval Methods

Type of Device Equipment Authorization Method

Certification Scanning receivers.

Declaration of Conformity

Cable system terminal devices, Class B personal computers assembled using authorized CPU boards or power supplies.

Certification or Declaration of

Conformity

CB receivers, supergenerative receivers, all other part 15 receivers, TV interference device, class B personal computers/peripherals, CPU boards and internal power supplies used with class B personal computers.

Verification Class A digital devices, peripherals & external switching power supplies. TV broadcast receivers, FM broadcast receivers, stand-alone cable input selector switch. Class B external switching power supplies. Other Class B digital devices & peripherals. All other devices.


FCC Product Labels

• Verified Devices:– The device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is

subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

• Certified Devices:– Must include FCC ID number.

• Declaration of Conformity Devices: – Label 1 contains a special FCC logo, a trade name, model number,

statement “for home or office use”, and a statement “Tested to Comply with FCC Standards”.

– Label 2 is specifically for personal computers assembled from test components. The label is the same as 1, except for the last statement is replaced with “Assembled From Tested Components (Complete System Not Tested).


FCC Instruction Manual Requirements – Class A Products

Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and , if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.


FCC Instruction Manual Requirements – Class B Products

Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: - Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.- Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.- Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.- Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.


Canada

• ICES-003 Radiated and Conducted Emission Requirements (Same as USA)

• Self Declaration of Compliance• Label in English and French

– Sample label (English): This Class A or Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

– Sample label (French): Cet appareil numerique de la classe A or B est conforme a la norme NMB-003 du Canada.


Taiwan

• CNS 13438:C6357 – Radiated and Conducted Emissions based on CISPR standards.

• Bureau of Standards and Metrology Inspection (BSMI) must review and approve formal applications, then issue an ID number.

• An application must be submitted that includes; Information on the importer, brief technical description of product function, functional block diagram with timing and data information, software information, power requirements, product label location, external photos, internal photos for class B products, EMI components list, complete users manual (must be in Traditional Chinese for class B products).


Australia/New Zealand

• AS/NZS standards based on CISPR standards for emissions.

• Choice of two product marks:– C-Tick (Australian mark also recognized in

New Zealand). – RCM mark (AS/NZS 4417 standard)

applies to all product requirements inclusive, such as EMI and product safety.


Japan

• VCCI specifications based on CISPR emissions. • VCCI is the Voluntary Control Council for

Interference by Information Technology Equipment.

• Companies must pay membership fees to the VCCI to be able to apply for approvals to place the VCCI mark on products.

• A formal application and EMI test report from a VCCI approved laboratory must be submitted and approved before applying the VCCI mark.


Regulatory Updates• USA - FCC approves Broadband on Power Lines (BPL). This

may now compete with DSL (telephone line) and cable. • EU Directive Updates

– New EMC Directive July 2007 – Medical Directive– Low Voltage Directive– Machinery Directive

• Taiwan - Product Safety approvals must be submitted via BSMI approved laboratories.

• Vietnam - New EMC Regulation as of May 2007 • China – Considering emissions requirements above 1 GHz


New EMC Directive 2004/108/EC

Timelines:• July 20, 2007 - 89/336/EEC Repealed. Products placed on the market after this date must comply with new EMC Directive.

• July 20, 2007 – Products placed on the market prior via the 89/336/EEC are considered compliant.

• July 20, 2009 – Products placed on the market prior via the 89/336/EEC are no longer considered compliant.



Access to EMC Directive 2004/108/EC:•http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2004/l_390/l_39020041231en00240037.pdf

Access to EMC Directive 2004/108/EC Guidance Document: •http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/electr_equipment/emc/guides/emcguide_may2007.pdf


New EMC Directive 2004/108/EEC)Flow Chart 1 - Scope of Directive


New EMC Directive 2004/108/EEC)Flow Chart 2 – Classification as Apparatus


New EMC Directive 2004/108/EEC)Flow Chart 3 – Provisions applicable to apparatus


New EMC Directive 2004/108/EEC)Flow Chart 4 - Installations


New EMC Directive 2004/108/EEC)Flow Chart 5 – Complete conformity assessment procedure for

apparatus



Highlights:•Technical Construction File – This method to demonstrate compliance no longer requires a “competent body” approval. The term “competent body” is changed to “notified body”. Review by notified body is voluntary and NOT required.



Highlights:•Trade shows and exhibitions – The new Directive clarifies the allowance of non-compliant equipment for the purpose of demonstration at trade shows and exhibitions.

(Must have visible statement that the product is NOT compliant and will NOT be placed on the market until it is compliant).


New EMC Directive 2004/108/EEC)Highlights (Continued)Declaration of conformity information is now specifically detailed.

EC Declaration of conformity must contain, at least, the following:

• Reference to the Directive

• Identification of the apparatus

• Name and address of the manufacturer and, where applicable, the name and address of his authorized representative in the Community

• Dated reference to the specifications under which conformity is declared to ensure the conformity of the apparatus with the provisions of the Directive

• Date of the Declaration

• Identity and signature of the person empowered to bind the manufacturer or his authorized representative


New EMC Directive (2004/108/EEC)Highlights (Continued)

ANNEX IESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 5

1. Protection requirementsEquipment shall be so designed and manufactured, having regard to the state of the

art, as to ensure that:

(a) the electromagnetic disturbance generated does not exceed the level above which radio and telecommunications equipment or other equipment cannot operate as intended;

(b) it has a level of immunity to the electromagnetic disturbance to be expected in its intended use which allows it to operate without unacceptable degradation of its intended use.


New EMC Directive (2004/108/EEC)

Highlights (Continued) ANNEX I

ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 5

2. Specific requirements for fixed installations

Installation and intended use of components. A fixed installation shall be installed applying good engineering practices and respecting the information on the intended use of its components, with a view to meeting the protection requirements set out in Point 1. Those good engineering practices shall be documented and the documentation shall be held by the person(s) responsible at the disposal of the relevant national authorities for inspection purposes for as long as the fixed installation is in operation.



ANNEX IICONFORMITY ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 7

(internal production control)

1. The manufacturer shall perform an electromagnetic compatibility assessment of the apparatus, on the basis of the relevant phenomena, with a view to meeting the protection requirements set out in Annex I, point 1. The correct application of all the relevant harmonized standards whose references have been published in the Official Journal of the European Union shall be equivalent to the carrying out of the electromagnetic compatibility assessment.2. The electromagnetic compatibility assessment shall take into account all normal intended operating conditions. Where the apparatus is capable of taking different configurations, the electromagnetic compatibility assessment shall confirm whether the apparatus meets the protection requirements set out in Annex I, point 1, in all the possible configurations identified by the manufacturer as representative of its intended use.3. In accordance with the provisions set out in Annex IV, the manufacturer shall draw up technical documentation providing evidence of the conformity of the apparatus with the essential requirements of this Directive.4. The manufacturer or his authorized representative in the Community shall hold the technical documentation at the disposal of the competent authorities for at least ten years after the date on which such apparatus was last manufactured.



ANNEX IICONFORMITY ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 7

(internal production control)

5. The compliance of apparatus with all relevant essential requirements shall be attested by an EC declaration of conformity issued by the manufacturer or his authorized representative in the Community.6. The manufacturer or his authorized representative in the Community shall hold the EC declaration of conformity at the disposal of the competent authorities for a period of at least ten years after the date on which such apparatus was last manufactured.7. If neither the manufacturer nor his authorized representative is established within the Community, the obligation to hold the EC declaration of conformity and the technical documentation at the disposal of the competent authorities shall lie with the person who places the apparatus on the Community market.8. The manufacturer must take all measures necessary to ensure that the products are manufactured in accordance with the technical documentation referred to in point 3 and with the provisions of this Directive that apply to them.9. The technical documentation and the EC declaration of conformity shall be drawn up in accordance with the provisions set out in Annex IV.



ANNEX IIICONFORMITY ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 7

(Use of Notified Body)

1. This procedure consists of applying Annex II applying Annex II completed as follows:

2. The manufacturer or his authorized representative in the Community shall present the technical documentation to the notified body referred to in Article 12 and request the notified body for an assessment thereof. The manufacturer or his authorized representative in the Community shall specify to the notified body which aspects of the essential requirements must be assessed by the notified body.

3. The notified body shall review the technical documentation and assess whether the technical documentation properly demonstrates that the requirements of the Directive that it is to assess have been met. If the compliance of the apparatus is confirmed, the notified body shall issue a statement to the manufacturer of his authorized representative in the Community confirming the compliance of the apparatus. That statement shall be limited to those aspects of the essential requirement s which have been assessed by the notified body.

4. The manufacturer shall add the statement of the notified body to the technical documentation.



Highlights (Continued) ANNEX IV

TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION AND EC DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY1. Technical documentationThe technical documentation must enable the conformity of the apparatus with the essential requirements to be assessed. It must cover the design and manufacture of the apparatus, in particular:— a general description of the apparatus;— evidence of compliance with the harmonized standards, if any, applied in full or in part;— where the manufacturer has not applied harmonized standards, or has applied them only in part, a description and explanation of the steps taken to meet the essential requirements of the Directive, including a description of the electromagnetic compatibility assessment set out in Annex II, point 1, results of design calculations made, examinations carried out, test reports, etc.;— a statement from the notified body, when the procedure referred to in Annex III has been followed.



Highlights (Continued) ANNEX IV

TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION AND EC DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

2. EC declaration of conformity

The EC declaration of conformity must contain, at least, the following:— a reference to this Directive,— an identification of the apparatus to which it refers, as set out in Article 9(1),— the name and address of the manufacturer and, where applicable, the name and

address of his authorized representative in the Community,— a dated reference to the specifications under which conformity is declared to

ensure the conformity of the apparatus with the provisions of this Directive,— the date of that declaration,— the identity and signature of the person empowered to bind the manufacturer or his

authorized representative.



Annex VThe ‘CE’ marking shall consist in the initials ‘CE’ taking the following form:

The ‘CE’ marking must have a height of at least 5 mm. If the ‘CE’ marking is reduced or enlarged the proportions given in the above graduated drawing must be respected.

The ‘CE’ marking must be affixed to the apparatus or to its data plate. Where this is not possible or not warranted on account of the nature of the apparatus, it must be affixed to the packaging, if any, and to the accompanying documents.


Basic EMC Standards(Current Editions)


Harmonized EMC Standards(Updated July 2007)

Reference Standard

EN 50130-4:1995 Am2:2003 September 1, 2007Immunity for fire, intruder, social alarm systems

EN 55022:1998EMC for Information Technology Equipment

61000-6-3:2001 Am11:2004Generic emissions for residential, commercial and light industrial environments

EN 300 386 v1.2.1 – v1.3.3 EMC for network telecom equipment

Date it supersedes previous standard

September 1, 2007

August 1, 2007

September 1, 2007

August 31, 2007

Comments

Modified supply variation table,extends RF radiated immunity from 1 GHz to 2 GHz.

Applies EN 55011 Class A or B limits, industrial immunity,specific test and performance criteria, user documentation.

Limits application of emission tests to only those ports with methods defined in CISPR 22. NOTE: 2007 version (not yet harmonized) adds CISPR 16-x-y as basic standards, and adds IEC 61000-3-11, -12.

Radiated RF immunity extended from 1 to 2 GHz; K.21 surges deleted; newer ports defined (such as DSL); multimedia testing guidance provided.



Reference Standard

EN 50083-2:2001 Am1:2005 EMC for cable distribution networks

EN 50370-1:2005Emissions for machine tools

(replaces generic)

EN 50412-2-1:2005 Immunity for broadband power line

carrier equipment

EN 55020:2002 A2:2005 Immunity of broadcast receivers and

associated equipment


April 1, 2008

February 1, 2008

April 1, 2008

February 1, 2008

Comments

Adds multimedia testing guidance and table, renumbers tables.

Provides guidance on testing modules and machines; references CISPR 11.

Limits application of emission tests to only those ports with methods defined in CISPR 22. NOTE: 2007 version (not yet harmonized) adds CISPR 16-x-y as basic standards, and adds IEC 61000-3-11, -12.

Defines several environments and categories; references EN 55022 and EN 61000-4-x..



Reference Standard

EN 61000-3-2:2000 A2:2005Harmonic current emissions, < 16 A/phase

EN 61000-3-3:1995 A2:2005Voltage fluctuation and flicker emissions, < 16 A/phase

EN 62040-2:2006EMC for UPS systems (replaces EN 50091-2:1995)

EN 301 489-1 v1.6.1EMC for radio equipment and services; common technicalrequirements (NOTE: this is harmonized to the R&TTE Directive.)


January 1, 2008

August 1, 2008

October 1, 2008

November 30, 2008

Comments

Modifies constraints on control methods, classification of equipment, measurement procedures and limits, and setup.

Modifies test conditions for tumble dryers.

Harmonized with IEC version; new categories; radiated limits for C3 higher than CISPR 22 Class A; adds immunity tests missing from EN 50091-2.

V1.4.1 supersedes prior on 2007-8-31, and is in turn superseded by v1.6.1. V1.4.1 adds a table showing clause-by-clause conformity with EMC and RTTEDirectives. v1.6.a adds column to the table showing conformity to Automotive EMC Directive 2004/104/EC where immunity is not related to vehicle function.



Reference Standard

EN 55022:2006EMC for Information Technology Equipment


October 1, 2009

Comments

No radiated limits above 1 GHz. Includes telecom conducted limits.


Product

Compliance

Standards


Basic Standards

•Electrostatic Discharge

•RF Fields

•Powerline Transients


Basic StandardsBasic Standard Includes:

•Definition and description of phenomenon

•Test and measurement methods

•Test instrumentation

•Basic test setup

•Range of test levels

Basic Standard Does NOT Include:•Prescribed limits

•Performance criteria for specific product

•Product specific test arrangements

•Test sequences


Types of Product Standards

•Generic

Product Family

ProductSpecific


General Product Safety and EMC Technical Standards

Individual Input

Individual Input

WW National Committee Tech. Advisory Groups (TAG’s)

EU National Committee TAG’s

IEC (International)

CENELEC(European)

Emphasis on parallel voting on standards approval)


European Normative Standards

New Standards

EU Commission

EU Official Journal


IEC61326 EMC Product Family Standard

IEC SC65AWorking Group 4

System aspects of industrial-process measurement and

control

IEC TC66Working Group 1

EMC working group on safety of measuring, control and laboratory equipment


General EMC and Product Safety Technical Standards

• EMC:

Emissions -FCC CFR 47 Part 15 Class B Radiated and Conducted Emissions

CISPR 22 Class B Radiated and Conducted Emissions

IEC 61000-3-2 Powerline Harmonics

IEC 61000-3-3 Voltage Fluctuations and Flicker

Immunity:IEC 61000-4-XX Series (ESD, RF Fields, EFT/B, Surge, Conducted Immunity, Power Frequency

Magnetic Field, Voltage Dips / Short Interruptions / Variations)

• Product Safety:UL/IEC/EN 60950 Information Technology Equipment (ITE)

UL/IEC/EN 61010 Measurement, control and laboratory equipment (T&M)

IEC/EN 60825-1 Laser Safety


EN50081/82Old Generic

1/1996

European Union – Standards Transitions

EN50082-1New Generic

7/2001

EN55103Video9/1999

Legacy New“No Grandfathering”

EN61000-3-2/3Harmonics/

Voltage Fluctuation1/2001

EN55024ITE

7/2001

EN61326Measurement, Control & Laboratory

7/2001

EN61000-6-1,2,3,4Newer Generic

Standards

EN50130-4Alarms

EN55022ITE


Comparison of select product family EMC Standards

European Union EMC Directive 89/336/EEC

Phenomena

Generic

EN 61326

(T&M)

EN 55103-1/2

(Video)

EN55024

(ITE) Class A/B Emissions YES YES YES YES

Powerline Harmonics YES YES / NO YES YES

Powerline Voltage Fluctuation / Flicker

YES YES / NO YES YES

Magnetic Emissions NO NO YES (10 cm & 1 m) NO

Peak Inrush Current NO NO YES NO

Electrostatic Discharge YES YES YES YES

Radiated Field Immunity YES YES YES YES

RF Keyed Carrier Rad Field mmunity

Yes NO NO NO

Power Frequency Magnetic Field Immunity

YES YES / NO YES YES

Electrical Fast Transient (EFT)

YES YES YES YES

Electrical Slow Transient (Surge)

YES YES YES YES

Conducted RF Immunity YES YES YES YES

Powerline Interruption Immunity

YES YES YES YES


Comparison of USA and International Radiated Emission Limits

International USA

Reference Standard

CISPR 11/CISPR 22 (EN55011/EN55022)

FCC Part 15

Radiated Specifications (Reference to 10 M test distance)

Class A: 30 - 230 MHz 40 dBμV/m Q-pk 230 -1 000 MHz 47 dBμV/m Q-pk Class B: 30 - 230 MHz 30 dBμV/m Q-pk 230 - 1000 MHz 37 dBμV/m Q-pk

Class A: 30-88 MHz 40 dBμV/m Q-pk 88-216 43 dBμV/m Q-pk 216-960 46 dBμV/m Q-pk 960-1000 50 dBμV/m Q-pk >1000 50 dBμV/m Avg Class B: 30-88 MHz 30 dBμV/m Q-pk 88-216 33 dBμV/m Q-pk 216-960 36 dBμV/m Q-pk 960-1000 43 dBμV/m Q-pk >1000 43 dBμV/m Avg


Comparison of USA and International Conducted Emission Limits

International USA

Reference Standard

CISPR 11/CISPR 22 (EN55011/EN55022)

FCC Part 15

Conducted Specifications

Class A: .150 - 0.5 MHz 79 dBμV Q-pk 66 dBμV Avg 0.5 - 30 MHz 73 dBμV Q-pk 60 dBμV Avg Class B; .15 - 0.5 MHz 66 to 56 dBμV Q-pk (decreasing 56 to 46 dBμV Avg linearly w/log. of frequency) 0.5 - 30 MHz 60 dBμV Q-pk 50 dBμV Avg

Class A: .150 - 0.5 MHz 79 dBμV Q-pk 66 dBμV Avg 0.5 - 30 MHz 73 dBμV Q-pk 60 dBμV Avg Class B; .15 - 0.5 MHz 66 to 56 dBμV Q-pk (decreasing 56 to 46 dBμV Avg linearly w/log. of frequency) 0.5 - 30 MHz 60 dBμV Q-pk 50 dBμV Avg


* Comparison of EU Immunity Standards

Phenomena ReferenceStandard

OldGeneric

New Generic EN 61326 (T&M)

EN 55103-1/2(Video)

EN55024 (ITE)

Electrostatic Discharge IEC 61000-4-2(Gen.Std. IEC 801-2)

8 kV air 8 kV air4 kV contact

4 kV air4 kV contact



Radiated Field Immunity IEC 61000-4-3(Gen.Std. IEC 801-3)

3 V/munmod.

26-500 MHz

3 V/m, 80% AM w/1 kHz sinewave80 – 1000 MHz

Electrical Fast Transient(EFT)

IEC 61000-4-4(Gen.Std. IEC 801-4)

1.0 kV (AC)0.5 kV (I/O)

1.0 kV (AC)0.5 kV (I/O)

1.0 kV (AC)0.5 kV (I/O)

1.0 kV (AC)0.5 kV (I/O)

1.0 kV (AC)0.5 kV (I/O)

Electrical Slow Transient(Surge)

IEC 61000-4-5(Gen.Std. IEC 801-5)

N/A 2 kV (CM)1 kV (DM)

1.0 kV (CM)0.5 kV (DM)

1.0 kV (CM)0.5 kV (DM)

2 kV (CM)1 kV (DM)

Conducted RF Immunity IEC 61000-4-6 N/A 3 Vrms, 80% AM0.15 – 80 MHz

Magnetic Field Immunity EN55103-2Video

N/A 3 A/m50 Hz

30 A/m50 Hz

(industriallocations only)

Per Annex A50 Hz - 10 kHz

1 A/m50 Hz

Powerline InterruptionImmunity

IEC 61000-4-11 N/A 30%, 10 ms60%, 100 ms>95%, 5 sec

100%, 20 ms(1 cycle)

100%, 20 ms(1 cycle)

60%, 100 ms>95%, 5 sec

30%, 0.5 sec>95%, 10 ms

and>95%, 5 sec

RF Keyed CarrierRadiated Field Immunity

ENV 50204 N/A 900 MHz3 V/m

50% duty cycle200 Hz rep. freq.

N/A N/A N/A

Balanced CableCommon Mode Immunity

EN 55103-2 N/A N/A N/A Per Annex B50 Hz - 10 kHz

N/A

* Comparison of “commercial” environmental category.


IEC Product Family Standards Development of IEC61326


IEC 61326EMC Product Family Standard

forMeasurement, Control & Laboratory Equipment

Family III


IEC 61326 Minimum Immunity Test Requirements

Enclosure

AC power

DC power

I/O signal/control

I/O signal/control connected directly to mains supply

Electrostatic discharge (ESD)Electromagnetic

Voltage interruptBurstSurgeConducted RF

BurstSurgeConducted RF



IEC 1000-4-2IEC 1000-4-3

IEC 1000-4-11IEC 1000-4-4IEC 1000-4-5IEC 1000-4-6

IEC 1000-4-4IEC 1000-4-5IEC 1000-4-6IEC 1000-4-4IEC 1000-4-5IEC 1000-4-6IEC 1000-4-4IEC 1000-4-5IEC 1000-4-6

4 kV/4 kV contact/air3V/m

1 cycle/100%1 kV0.5 kV1)/1 kV2)

3 V

1 kV0.5 kV1)/1 kV2)

3 V0.5 kV4)

1 kV2) 3)

3 V4)

1 kV0.5 kV1)/1 kV2)

3 V

Port Phenomenon Basic standard Test value

1) Line to line 3) Only in the case of long distance lines (see 3.6) 2) Line to earth (ground) 4) Only in the case of lines >3 m


IEC 61326 Emission Limits for Class A Equipment

Enclosure

AC mains

30 to 230

230 to 1000

0.15 to 0.5

0.5 to 5

5 to 30

40 dB ( V/m) quasi peak. (10 m spec).47 dB ( V/m) quasi peak.(10 m spec)79 dB ( V) quasi peak.66 dB ( V) average.

73 dB ( V) quasi peak.60 dB ( V) average.

73 dB ( V) quasi peak.60 dB ( V) average.

CISPR 161) andCISPR 16-1

CISPR 16 andCISPR 16-1

Port Frequency range Limits ReferenceMHz standard

1) For alternative test site measurement distances. See annex A of CISPR 22.


IEC 61326 Emission Limits for Class A Equipment

Enclosure

AC mains 2)

30 to 230

230 to 1000

0 to 0.002

0.15 to 0.5

0.5 to 5

5 to 30

30 dB ( V/m) quasi peak. (10 m spec)37 dB ( V/m) quasi peak.(10 m spec)As specified in the reference standard.66 dB ( V) to 56 dB ( V) quasi peak.56 dB ( V) to 46 dB ( V) average.Limits decrease linearly with log. of frequency.56 dB ( V) quasi peak.46 dB ( V) average.60 dB ( V) quasi peak.50 dB ( V) average.

CISPR 161) and

CISPR 16-1

IEC 1000-3-2IEC 1000-3-3

CISPR 16 andCISPR 16-1

Port Frequency range, MHz Limits Reference standard

1) For alternative test site areas, see annex A of CISPR 22.2) For discontinuous disturbances, see CISPR 14.


p Annex AImmunity test requirements for equipment intended for use in industrial locations.

p Annex BImmunity test requirements for equipment intended for use in controlled EM environments.

p Annex CImmunity test requirements for portable test and measurement equipment.

p Annex DTest Configurations, operational conditions and performance criteria for sensitive test and measurement equipment for EMC unprotected applications.

Annexes

IEC61326 Standard


Comparison of EU Immunity Standards

Phenomena

IEC61326 (Base)

Annex A (Industrial)

Annex B (Controlled EM)

Annex C (Portable Battery T&M Equipment)

Electrostatic Discharge +/- 4 kV Air 4 kV Contact

+/- 8 kV Air 4 kV Contact



Radiated Field Immunity 3 V/m 10 V/m 1 V/m 3 V/m


+/- 1 kV (AC) +/- 0.5 kV (I/O)

+/- 2 kV (AC) +/- 1 kV (I/O)

+/- 1 kV (AC) +/- 0.5 kV (I/O)

N/A

*Electrical Slow Transient (Surge)

+/- 0.5 kV (AC DM) +/- 1 kV (AC CM)

+/-1 kV (AC DM) +/- 2 kV (CM)

+/- 0.5 (AC DM) +/- 1 kV (CM)

N/A

*Conducted RF Immunity

3 Vrms 3 Vrms 1 Vrms N/A

Magnetic Field Immunity N/A 30 A/m N/A N/A


100 % for 1 cycle 100% for 0.5 cycle 100 % for 0.5 cycle N/A

*See EN61326 Standards for additional I/O and DC specifications


IEC61326 StandardScope“Specification of minimum electromagnetic immunity and emission requirements for measurement, control and laboratory use electrical equipment”

LimitationsEquipment operating from power sources less than 1000 VAC or 1500 VDC

Examples of Applicable EquipmentElectrical measurement and test equipment —This is equipment which by electrical means, indicates or records one or more electrical or non-electrical quantities, also non-measuring equipment such as signal generators, measurement standards, power supplies and transducers.


p Description of EUT configuration —Representative of typical installation as specified by the manufacturer.

p Composition of EUT —All devices, racks, modules, boards, etc. significant to EMC and belonging to the EUT shall be documented.

p Assembly of EUT —More than 1 typical configuration representing normal use may be necessary if the EUT has a variety of internal and external configurations. The rationale for selection shall be documented in the test plan.

EMC Test Plan

IEC61326 Standard


p Operation modes —A selection of representative operation modes shall be made, taking into account that not all functions, but only the most typical functions of the electronic equipment can be tested. The estimated worst case operating modes for normal application shall be selected.

p Environmental conditions —The tests shall be carried out within the manufacturer’s specified environmental operating range (for example ambient temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure), and within the rated ranges of supply voltage and frequency.

p EUT software during test —The software used for simulating the different modes of operation shall be documented. This software shall represent the estimated worst case operating mode for normal application.

EMC Test Plan, cont.IEC61326 Standard


p Conditions during the tests —

The configuration and modes of operation during the tests shall be precisely noted in the test report.

Tests shall be applied to the relevant ports according to table 1.

The tests shall be conducted in accordance with the basic standards. The tests shall be carried out one at a time. If additional methods are required, the method and rationale shall be documented.

Immunity Requirements

IEC61326 Standard


p Test results and test report —

The test results shall be documented in a comprehensive test report with sufficient detail to provide for test repeatability.

The test report shall contain the following minimum information:

p EUT description

p EMC test plan

p Test data and results

p Test equipment and set-up

IEC61326 Standard

Immunity Requirements, cont.


p Immunity performance criteria — The general principles (performance criteria) for the evaluation of the immunity test results are the following:

Performance criterion A:During testing normal performance within the specification limits.

Example 1If electronic equipment has a central processing unit and is required to work with high reliability, the processor shall operate without any apparent degradation from the manufacturer’s specification.

IEC61326 Standard



p Immunity performance criteria —

p Performance criterion B:During testing, temporary degradation, or loss of function or performance which is self-recovering is allowed..

p Example 1A data transfer is controlled/checked by parity check or by other means. In the case of malfunctioning, such as caused by a lightning strike, the data transfer will be repeated automatically. The reduced data transfer rate at this time is acceptable.

Example 2During testing, an analogue function value deviates by an allowed margin. After the test, the deviation vanishes.

Example 3In the case of a monitor used only for man-machine monitoring, it is acceptable that some degradation takes place for a short time, such as flashed during the burst application.

IEC61326 Standard



IEC61326 Standard

p Immunity performance criteria —

Performance criterion C:During testing, temporary degradation, or loss of function or performance which requires operator intervention is allowed.

p Example 1In the case of an interruption in the mains longer than the specified buffer time, the power supply unit of the equipment is switched off. The switch-on may be automatic or carried out by the operator.

Example 2After a program interruption caused by a disturbance, the processor functions of the equipment shall stop at a safe position and not be left in a “crashed state”. Operator’s decision prompts may be necessary.

Example 3The test results in an opening of an over-current protection device which is replaced or reset by the operator.



IEC61326 Standard

p Immunity performance criteria —Performance criterion D:

Degradation or loss of function which is not recoverable due to damage to equipment, components, software, or loss of data.

NOTE: The performance criteria D is normally not acceptable.



Performance Criteria Examples

Phenomena

Essential Operation

Continuous Unmonitored Operations

Continuous Monitored Operations

Non-Continuous Operation

Electrostatic Discharge

A B B C

Radiated Field Immunity

A A B B


A B C C

Electrical Slow Transient (Surge)

A B C C

Conducted RF Immunity

A A B B

Magnetic Field Immunity

A A B B


A B B C


Product Compliance

Regulations Standards

Testing

Summary


2007 IEEE Product Compliance Symposium Questions and Answers

Conducted Emissions ?

Generic Standards ?

C-Tick Mark ?

MRA’s

Surge?

RF Immunity?DOC ?


Contact InformationHenry Benitez

ElectroMagnetic Investigations, LLC20811 NW Cornell Road, Suite 600

Hillsboro, OR 97124

503 466 1160 Telephone503 466 1170 Fax

[email protected]

2007 IEEE Product Compliance Symposium – EMC Workshop · Electromagnetic. Compatibility Regulations & Standards Overview. Regulatory Terms. Regulations Background. FCC - USA. European

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