2006-07 B. Pharm. Sem V & VI (08-09)

10

SEMESTER SYLLABUS FOR V SEM. TO VIII SEM T351 Pharmaceutical Technology I. (Theory)

(3hrs/week) 45 Hours Section-I

Sr.No.

TOPICS Hrs.

1

2

3

4

5

Preformulation: Objective, study of physico chemical properties of drug like physical form, particle size, shape, density, wetting, dielectric constant, solubility, PKa, partition coefficient, dissolution on an organoleptic property and their effect on formulation , stability and bioavailability.

Tablets: - Formulation development: types of tablets, properties of drugs such as compressibility, flowability, dose, stability, site of drug release & absorption, additives & factors affecting their selection. Formulation and manufacture of tablets and quality control of tablets.

Introduction to advance granulation techniques: Extrusion-spheronization & pelletization & spherical crystallization, fluid bed granulation. Problems in tableting & remedies there of. Coating of Tablets: - Types (sugar, film & press coating). Material used & processed

employed for each, coating equipments including diff. Types of coating pans, fluid bed coating. Evaluation of coated tablets & packaging of coated tablets.

Hard Gelatin & Soft Gelatin Capsules :- Introduction, shell excipients, Mfg. of shells, properties of raw materials, environmental controls, evaluation, filling equipments for hard Soft gelatin capsules. Processing, I.P.Q.C., evaluation of finished capsules & official standards.

Semisolid Dosage Forms: - Classification, dermatological & transdermal preparations-Emulsion, Gel & Ointment Preparations, mechanism of drug penetration, transdermal penetration enhancer-Probable Mechanism & Examples. Ointments: bases, formulation factors. Mfg. processes & equipments, packaging & evaluation, quality control.

04

07

04

04

04

Section-IISr.No

TOPICS Hrs.

6

7

8

9

10

Packaging science: Primary and secondary packaging material- component of packages and various accessories, packing material selection their evaluation, closure, pilfer proof and tamperproof packaging ,child resistant packaging, blister and strip packing.

Disperse Systems: - Introduction, theories of emulsifications and suspensions-DLVO Theory, types of additives used in formulations, vehicles, stabilizers, preservatives wetting agents, emulsifying agents, colors and flavors. HLB values and its determination. Manufacturing, packaging and evaluation of emulsions and suspensions. Introduction to micro and multiple emulsions.

Suppositories: Ideal requirements of bases, manufacturing procedure, packaging and evaluation.

Pharmaceutical Aerosols: Definition, propellants, general formulation, manufacturing and packaging methods, pharmaceutical application and Evaluation.

Pilot Plant Scale Up: Groups responsibilities-Facilities-example of scale up

05

07

04

04 02

Total Hrs. - 45Books Recommended:

1. Leon Lachman et al. Theory & practice of Industrial pharmacy, Lea & Febiger Varghese Publishing house, Mumbai.

2. H.A. Lieberman & Leon Lachman. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Tablet Vol. 1, 2, 3. Marcel Dekker Series.

3. G.S. Banker & C.T. Rhodes. Modern Pharmaceutics. Marcel Dekker Series. 4. H. C. Ansel-- P’ceutical dosage forms & drug delivery systems. B.I. Waverly Pvt.ltd, New Delhi. 5. Alfanso R. Gennaro-- Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences. Mack Publishing Company, Easton

Pennsylvania. 6. E.A.Rawling-- Bentleys T.B. of pharmaceutics. Bailliere Tindall {London} & All India Traveller Book Seller

Delhi. 7. H. Lockhart-- Packaging of Pharmaceuticals and healthcare products. Blackie academic & professional.

London. 8. D A Dean, E R Evans & I.H. Hall--Pharmaceutical packaging Technology. Taylor & Francis Newyork. 9. Swarbrick & Boyan -- Encyclopedia of Pharm. Tech. Vol. 1, 2, 3. Marcel Dekker Series 10. Nielloud -- Pharmaceutical emulsion and suspensions- Vol. 105-Marcel Dekker. 11. Niazi- -Handbook of Pharmaceutical manufacturing formulations- (Vol. 1-6) 12. J.R. Robinson & Lee – Controlled drug delivery systems: Fundamentals & Applications. Marcel Dekker

Series 13. Dilip M. Parikh- Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology: Marcel Dekker, Vol. 81,New York 14. Podezeck & Jones-- Pharmaceutical Capsules

P351 Pharmaceutical Technology I. (Practicals) (3hrs/week)

1. Physico chemical evaluation of any 4 excipients*.

2. Preparation & evaluation of compressed tablet (wet, dry granulation & direct compression) **

3. Tablet coating. (Demonstration)\

4. Filling of hard gelatin capsule & its evaluation**

5. Formulation and evaluation of ointments*

6. Formulation of Emulsions (liq. paraffin émulsion & Turpentine liniment) *

7. Formulation and evaluation of Suspensions (calamine lotion & antacid suspension) **

8. Formulation and evaluation of Dry syrup**

9. Formulation and evaluation of Suppository (Two)* *

Note: In final Practical Examination ask only for two evaluation parameters, in case of major expt. And one parameter in case of minor expt Major Expt.: * * Minor Expt.: * {All preparations may act as minor expt} Books Recommended:

1. Leon Lachman et al. Theory & practice of Industrial pharmacy, Lea & Febiger Varghese Publishing house, Mumbai.

2. H.A. Lieberman & Leon Lachman. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Tablet Vol. 1, 2, 3. Marcel Dekker Series.

3. G.S. Banker & C.T. Rhodes. Modern Pharmaceutics. Marcel Dekker Series. 4. H. C. Ansel-- P’ceutical dosage forms & drug delivery systems. B.I. Waverly Pvt.ltd, New Delhi. 5. Alfanso R. Gennaro-- Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences. Mack Publishing Company, Easton

Pennsylvania. 6. E.A.Rawling-- Bentleys T.B. of pharmaceutics. Bailliere Tindall {London} & All India Traveller Book Seller

Delhi. 7. H. Lockhart-- Packaging of Pharmaceuticals and healthcare products. Blackie academic & professional.

Londan. 8. D A Dean, E R Evans & I.H. Hall--Pharmaceutical packaging Technology. Taylor & Francis Newyork. 9. Swarbrick & Boyan -- Encyclopedia of Pharm. Tech. Vol. 1, 2, 3. Marcel Dekker Series 10. Nielloud -- Pharmaceutical emulsion and suspensions- Vol. 105-Marcel Dekker. 11. Niazi- -Handbook of Pharmaceutical manufacturing formulations- (Vol. 1-6) 12. Dilip M. Parikh- Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology: Marcel Dekker, Vol. 81,Newyark 13. Podezeck & Jones-- Pharmaceutical Capsules 14. Official Compenelias I.P. B.P. U.S.P

Examination Pattern is as follows

Sr. No. Types of Question Sessional University

Duration 3 Hrs 4 Hrs

1 Synopsis 5 10

2 Viva Voce 5 10

3 Exp. Major - 30

Minor 10 20

4 Journal Marks 10 -

Total Marks 30 70

T352 Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry–I (Theory)

(3Hrs /week)

Sr.no. Topic Hours

Section I

1.

Introduction: Medicinal Chemistry: Definition And Objectives—

using the internet for medicinal chemistry; Sources of Drugs-

Serendipity, Random Screening, Extraction from Natural Sources,

Molecular Modifications.

03

2 Theoretical Aspects of Drug Action: The Ferguson Principle; Drug

targets: Molecular mechanisms of drug action; Measurement and

Expression of Drug Effects.

Physicochemical parameters affecting drug action: Solubility,

Partition Coefficient, Surface Activity, pKa, Ionisation.

Stereochemistry and drug action: Optical isomerism, Geometrical

isomerism, Bio-isosterism.

06

3 Metabolism

Routes of Elimination: Factors Affecting Metabolism – Genetic

Factors, Physiological Factors, Pharmaceutical Factors, Drug

Interactions.

Metabolic Process- Phase I (Oxidation, Reduction &

Hydrolysis) and Phase II (Glucuronide Conjugation,

Acetylation, Methylation, Sulphate Conjugation,

Conjugation with amino acids and Mercapturic acid formation)

06

4 Introduction to Receptor Concept

History, Affinity, Receptor & biological response, Drug Receptor

interaction, Forces involved in drug receptor interaction. Receptor

Theories, Conformational flexibility and multiple modes of Action

06

SECTION II

The following topics should be covered with the points listed below

1. Introduction

2. Classification

3. Mechanism of action

4. Structure-activity relationship

5. Pharmacokinetics (Metabolism) and

6. Therapeutic uses

7. Synthesis of drugs official in IP (listed in respective classes)

5 Drugs Acting on ANS

a. Drugs Acting on Cholinergic Nervous System: Atropine sulphate,

Pilocarpine nitrate

b. Drugs Acting on Adrenergic Nervous System: Adrenaline,

Noradrenaline, Prazosin hydrochloride, Propranolol, Clonidine

hydrochloride

c. Local Anaesthetics: Benzocaine, Lignocaine, Procaine

hydrochloride

06

04

03

6 Drugs Acting on Cardio Vascular System:

Anti-Hypertensives, Anti-Arrhythmic Agents, Anti-anginal agents,

Anti-hyperlipidemic agents

Captopril, Enalapril, Diltiazem hydrochloride, Nifedipine, Verapamil

11

Total Hrs-45

Books Recommended:

1. Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, Foye, Lemke and Williams, Indian Ed. B. I.Waverly, Pvt.

Ltd. New Delhi 1995

2. Wilson and Gisvold, Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J. N.

Delgado, W.A. Remers, Lipincott-Raven 10th Ed., 1998

3. Essentials of Medicinal Chemistry by Koralkovas, 2nd edition, Wiley- Inter Sci. Pub. 1988

4. The Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis: Daniel Lednicer, John Wiley and Sons.Inc.Vol.-6

5. Profiles in Drug Synthesis: V.N. Gogte

6. Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery (Vol. 1-6) Wiley Inter Sci. Pub

7. Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry by Harkishansing & Kapoor

8. Principle of Medicinal Chemistry (Volume I & II) by Kadam, Mahadik and Bothara

9. Unit Processes in Organic Chemistry, V ed., Groggins, P. H., Tata McGraw Hill

P352 Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry –I (Practicals)

(3Hrs/week)

Sr. no. Topic

1 Synthesis of the following compounds

p-bromothiophenol*

o-Iodo benzoic acid and o-chlorobenzoic acid (Sandmeyer Reaction)**

Benzilic acid from benzoin*

Toluene-p-Sulphonate*

Acetanilide from Acetophenone (Beckmann Rearrangement)**

Benzanilide from Benzophenone**

Benzoic acid*

Benzylidine acetophenone **

2 A) Microwave oven synthesis of the following compounds [Ref. 4, 5, 6]

Benzil*

Benzpinacol*

Benzillic acid*

Succinic anhydride*

Ethyl benzoate*

3-methyl -1- phenyl -5-pyrazolone**

4-nitrobenzyl benzoate*

Phenytoin**

Benzocaine**

Butamben**

2,3 Diphenylquinoxaline**

Minimum Twelve numbers of Experiments should be performed.

*Minor **Major Experiments

Book Recommended

1. Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry - A.I. Vogel

2. Practical Organic Chemistry - Mann and Sanders

3. Systematic Identification of Organic Composition, Shriner and Fuson

4. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 39 (4 ) Oct-Dec. 2005, 188-190

5. Organic Synthesis Special techniques V. K. Ahluwalia, Renu Aggrawal, Nerosa publishing

house , p. no. 90 - 114

6. Sharma S. V., Badamis S. et al. Indian Drug 40(8) August 2003, 450 - 454

Examination Pattern is as follows

Sr. No. Types of Question Sessional University

Duration 3 Hrs 4 Hrs

1 Synopsis 5 10

2 Viva Voce 5 10

3 Exp. Major - 30

Minor 10 20

4 Journal Marks 10 -

Total Marks 30 70

T353 Pharmacology-I (Theory) (3hrs/Week)

Sr. No.

Topic No of Hrs

Section-I 1. General pharmacology

a) Introduction and definition, history, sources of drugs. b) Routes of administration of drugs. c) Absorption of drugs and Biological factors affecting them. d) Drug distribution, Bio-transformation and excretion e) Mechanism of drug action – molecular and biochemical receptors and drug-

receptor interactions, Theories for receptor mediated action. Concept of pD2.

Signal transduction process. Dose response relationship, structure-activity relationship

f) Factors modifying drug effects- Synergism, Antagonism, Drug Tolarance,, Tachyphylaxis.

02 02 02 03 10

05

Section-II General pharmacology-

g) Drug toxicity-Toxicity studies in Animals, ADR in Man. 04

Note:- The Term Pharmacology used hereafter and in examinations refers to the classification, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, adverse effects, contraindication, therapeutic uses and dosage.

2. Pharmacology of drugs acting on Autonomic Nervous System a) Introduction- neurohumoral transmission b) Adrenergic and cholinergic receptors c) Adrenergic drugs-bronchodilators and nasal decongestants d) Adrenergic receptor blockers, Adrenergic neuron blockers e) Cholinomimetics, Anti-cholinesterases and Drugs used in Myasthenia gravis f) Antimuscarinic agents g) Ganglionic blockers and stimulants h) Neuromuscular blocking agents

02 02 03 02 04 02 01 01

Total Hrs. 45 Books Recommended

1)Satoskar R.S, Bhandarkar S.D, Rage N.N. Pharmacology and Pharmcotherapeutics. Popular Prakashan Mumbai

19th edition

2)Barar F.S.K. Essentials of Pharmacotherapeutics, S.Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi

3)Tripathi K.D. Essentials of medical Pharmacology ,Jaypee New Delhi 2004 5th edition

4)Rang H.P., Dale M.M. et.al. Pharmacology. Churchill Livingstone, New Delhi 2005 5th edition

5) Katzung B.G .Basic & Clinical Pharmacology Mc-graw Hill, New Delhi 2001. 8th edition.

6) Lewis’s Pharmacology. Churchill Livingstone London,1980 5th edition

7) Goodman Gilman, The Pharmacological basis of therapeutics. Mc-graw Hill New Delhi 2001 10th edition

8) Seth S.D. Textbook of Pharmacology Elsevier, New Delhi 2004 2nd Edition

9) Harvey R.A., Champe P.C. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews-Pharmacology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ,

Pennsylvania. 2000 2nd edition .

10) Grahame-Smith D.G. & Aronson J.K. Oxford textbook of clinical Pharmacology and drug therapy . Oxford

University press London. 2002 3rd edition

11) Foster R.W. Basic Pharmacology, Arnold ,New Delhi 2001 ,4th edition

12) Stahl S.M.. Essential Psychopharmacology Cambridge University Press New Delhi 2003 2nd edition

13) Dipiro J.L. Pharmacotherapy Handbook. Tata McGraw Hill New Delhi.2004 5th edition.

14) Official books - Indian Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia, United States Pharmacopoeia.

15) P.N.Patil, O.D.Gulati, R.Balaraman, Topics in The History of Pharmacology, B.S.Shah Prakashan,

Ahmedabad.

P353 Pharmacology-I (Practicals) (3hrs/Week)

1) Study of laboratory animals and various preparations of them used in animal experimentation. 2) Study of laboratory appliances used in experimental pharmacology. 3) Study of various physiological salt solutions used in experimental pharmacology. 4) To establish Dose Response Curve of any three agonists using suitable animal tissue preparation.** 5) To study the shift in D.R.C by Antagonists for above agonists-covering concept of Reversible and

irreversible antagonism.** 6) To determine PD2 value ** 7) To study the various effects of drugs on Isolated frog heart using in silico model

(Ex- Pharm# ,X` Cology or any such Soft-ware)* NOTES 1. Minor * Major** 2.Suitable animal preparation- Any experiment suitable to demonstrate the concept- It could be either in-vivo or in-vitro, The animal selected may be mice, rat, rabbit, guinea pig as admissible as per prevailing Government/CPCSEA guidelines. In case of in-vitro preparations- any tissue preparation from above animals or various tissues from goat may be obtained from slaughter house/ abattoir /butcher shop 3. Agonist- Any agonist that can exhibit activity using the given preparation as reported in standard books/journals may be selected e.g.-Adrenaline and other catecholamines, Acetyl Choline, Histamine, Serotonin, oxytocin etc. 4. Antagonist- Any antagonist that can exhibit blocking activity of above mentioned agonists in the given preparation as reported in standard books/journals may be selected. Minimum 12 experiments from above list must be conducted

Examination Pattern is as follows

Sr. No. Types of Question Sessional University

Duration 3 Hrs 4 Hrs

1 Synopsis 5 10

2 Viva Voce 5 10

3 Exp. Major - 30

Minor 10 20

4 Journal Marks 10 -

Total Marks 30 70

Books Recommended 1) Ghosh M.N. Fundamentals of Experimental pharmacology. Hilton & Company Kolkata 2005 3rd edition.

2) Vogel G.H. Drug discovery and evaluation. Springer Germany 2002 2nd edition.

3) Goyal R.K. Practicals in pharmacology. B.S. Shah Prakashan Ahmedabad 2005 5th edition.

4) Kulkarni S.K. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Vallabh Prakashan. New Delhi, 5th edition.

5) Perry W. L. M. Pharmacological Experiments on Isolated preparations. E.&S.Livingstone, London1970, 2nd

edition.

6) Kasture S.B.Text book of Experimental Pharmacology, Career Publication Nashik.1 st edition, 2006.

7) Official books - Indian Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia, United States Pharmacopoeia.

T354 Pharmacognosy II (Theory)

(3 hrs/week) Section I

Sr.No. Topic Hrs.

1. Study of Primary cell constituents : Carbohydrates and related products. Biological source, collection, preparation, chemical constituents, chemical test, uses, substituents and adulterants of 1) Isapgol 2) Linseed 3) Honey 4) Acacia 5) Agar 6) Sterculia 7) Tragacanth 8) Cellulose and its products 9) Pectin 10) Guar gum 11) Sodium alginate 12)Inulin 13)Starch 14)Chitin

12

2. Biogenesis of Natural products A brief introduction to biosynthesis A brief account of primary and secondary metabolite’s production from carbon metabolism in plants. Production of Amino acid by shikimic acid pathway.

6

3. Study of fibers used in pharmacy: Asbestos, Cotton, Glass wool, Nylon, Polyester, Silk, jute and Wool.

3

4. A brief introduction to natural colours and dyes: Saffron, Cochineal, Annatto

2

Section II

5. A brief account to Plant bitters and Sweeteners

3

6. General introduction of lipids, enzymes, proteins and tannins. Definition, classification , method of extraction, chemistry, and method of analysis of above classes Biological source, collection, preparation, chemical constituent, chemical test for identification and uses of the following: Almond oil, castor oil, cod liver, Sesame oil, cotton seed oil ,Wheat germ oil, bees wax, cocoa butter, olive oil, jojoba oil, shark liver oil, and wool fat. Bromelain, diastase, papain, pepsin, trypsin, pancreatin, Gelatin. Pale catechu, black catechu, gall and myrobalan, balerica, amla, arjuna, ashoka, pterocarpus.

14

7. An introduction to potential cardio-vascular, anticancer/cytotoxic and antibiotic drugs from marine sources

5

Total Hrs- 45 Books Recommended: 1. Faulkner D. J. and Fenical W. H. , Marine Natural Product Chemistry (NATO conference series 4) plenum

press, New York 2. Horborn J. B. Phytochemical methods, Chapman and Hall, International Edition, London

3. Horborne J. B. Biochemistry of Phenolic Compounds, Academic Press, New York. 4. Iyengar M.A. , Pharmacognosy Lab Manual. Manipal Power Press, Manipal 5. Khandelwar K.R., Practical Pharmacognosy, Nirali Prakashan 6. Kokate C. K. Practical Pharmacognosy, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi 7. Kokate C. K. Purohit A. P. and Gokhale S. B. , Pharmacognosy (degree ) Nirali Prakashan 8. Manitto P. The biosynthesis of natural products, EllisHarwood, Chichester 9. Official methods of analysis, Association of official analytical chemists publications, Washington 10. Pridham J. B. and Swain T., Biosynthetic Pathways in Higher Plants, Academic Press, New York 11. Trease, G.E. and Evans, W.C. Pharmacognosy, 12th Edition, Bailliere Tindall, Eastbourne, U.K. 12. Tyler, V.E., Brady, R., Pharmacognosy 13. V.D.Rangari, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Volume I & II 14. Wallis, T.E. Textbook of Pharmacognosy, J.A. Churchill Limited, London 15. Whistler R.L., Industrial Gums, Polysaccharides and their derivatives, 2nd Edition, Academic Press, New

Delhi.

P354 Pharmacognosy II (Practicals) (3 hrs/week)

1) Chemical test for following drugs * - Carbohydrates; Acacia, Agar, Tragacanth, Starch, Honey, Alginate and Pectin. - Lipids; Specific chemical tests for Fixed oils.(Almond,Castor,Sesame ,olive & cotton seed oil) - Proteins; Gelatin - Tannins; Hydrolysable and condensed tannins*

2) Identification of following fibers by chemical tests.* Ex: cotton, Jute, silk, wool 3) Analysis of fixed oil: acid value, Iodine value and Saponification value of above mentioned any 3 fixed oils.** 4) Isolation of polysaccharides/mucilages and their evaluation. **. 5) Isolation and identification of papain.**

* Minor and ** Major experiment Books Recommended: 1) Clarke ECG, Isolation and Identification of Drugs, The Pharmaceutical Press, London 2) Horborn J. B. Phytochemical methods, Chapman and Hall, International Edition, London 3) Iyengar M.A. , Pharmacognosy Lab Manual. Manipal Power Press, Manipal 4) Khandelwar K.R., Practical Pharmacognosy, Nirali Prakashan 5) Kokate C. K. Practical Pharmacognosy, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi 6) Kokate C. K. Purohit A. P. and Gokhale S. B. , Pharmacognosy (degree ) Nirali Prakashan 7) Official methods of analysis, Association of official analytical chemists publications, Washington 8) Tyler, V.E., Brady, R., Pharmacognosy 9) V.D.Rangari, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Volume I & II 10) Wallis, T.E. Textbook of Pharmacognosy, J.A. Churchill Limited, London 11) Whistler R.L., Industrial Gums, Polysaccharides and their derivatives, 2nd Edition,Academic Press, New Delhi. 12) Indigeneous drugs by R.N.chopada

Examination Pattern is as follows

Sr. No. Types of Question Sessional University

Duration 3 Hrs 4 Hrs

1 Synopsis 5 10

2 Viva Voce 5 10

3 Exp. Major - 30

Minor 10 10+10

4 Journal Marks 10 -

Total Marks 30 70

T355 Unit Operation II (Theory) (3hrs/week) Section-I

Sr. No. TOPICS Hrs.

1 2 3 4 5

Note: - Numerical problems not included. Heat Transfer: - Modes of heat transfer, heat transfer in solid & liquids, heat transfer equipments, heater & heat exchanger. Distillation :- Boiling point & equilibrium diagrams, principles of fractionation, small

scale & large scale batch type & continuous type fractionation, fractionating columns & their accessories, reflux, vacuum, steam distillation & their molecular distillation. Application of distillation to solvent purification, mfg. of essential oils & alcohol distillation.

Drying: - Theory & mechanism of drying, equipments, classification, batch dryers, continuous dryers, atmospheric pressure & vacuum dryers, introduction to tray, cabinate, truck, tumbling, fluidized bed, spray, drum, rotary & freeze drying. Uses of dryers in pharma departments like tablets.

Measurements :- Pressure: - Classification & description of various pressure measuring devices. Temperature: - Various direct & indirect (remote) methods use mechanical & electrical

principles. Safety :- Hazards & their classification - mechanical, fire, chemical & occupational,

their types & prevention, fire & explosion - Chemistry of fire, classification of fire, method of extinguishing accidents - unsafe actions, unsafe conditions, financial losses, costs prevention. Accidents safety training & education.

04

05

05

04

04

Section-II

Sr No TOPICS Hrs.

6

7

8

9

10

11

Environmental control:- air handling , air conditioning ,refrigeration , water vapour - air mixture ,humidity and particulates in air refrigeration , application of environmental control in pharma department like powder , Tablets,capsules.

Evaporation: - Introduction, Factors influencing rate of evaporation, classification of evaporates, pan kettles, horizontal tube, vertical tube & film evaporators. Evaporator accessories, multiple effect evaporators .application related to galenicals.

Water purification:- Deionization, reverse osmosis and distillation processes and large scale for mfg.

Extraction:- Solid -liquid and liquid-liquid extraction ,various small scale and large scale equipment , application of various extractors in the extraction of drugs.

Crystallization:- Crystal forms and habits , solubility curves , supersaturation, nucleation , growth, yield and purity -Mier’s theory-crystallizers, their classification, design, operation and selection, uses of crystallizers in the mfg. of various therapeutic entities having specific crystalline nature .

Centrifugation: Theory, classification of centrifuges, principle, construction and working of the centrifuges Ex: Perforated basket centrifuge, Horizontal continuous centrifuge, super centrifuge and conical disc centrifuge.

03

05

02

04

06

03

Total Hrs. :- 45 Books Recommended

1) K. Sambamurthy-- Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Age International Pvt. Ltd.

2) W.L.Badger & J. T. Banthero-- Introduction to Chemical Engineering 3) David Ganderton. --- Unit Process in Pharmacy, Medical Books Ltd. London 4) G.G. Brown--- Unit Operations 5) Robbert H. Perry, Don W, Green.---Perry’s Chemical Engineering Hand Book, 7th edition, International

Edition, McGraw Hill 6) N.G.Pandya., C.S.Shah---- Elements of Heat Engines, Charotar Book Stall, Tulsi Sadan, Anand (W. Rly),

India 7) Donald P. Eckman ---- Industrial Instrumentation , Seventh Wiley Eastern, Reprint, 1983, Wiley Eastern

Ltd, 4835/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002. 8) Hickey Anthony --- Pharmaceutical Process Engineering, Marcel Dekaar, 2001 9) C. V.S. Subrahmanyam---- Pharmaceutical Engineering principles and practices, Vallabh prakashan, New

Delhi

P355 Unit Operation II (Practicals) (3hrs/week)

Major Expt** Minor Expt* Books Recommended

1) K. Sambamurthy-- Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Age International Pvt. Ltd. 2) W.L.Badger & J. T. Banthero-- Introduction to Chemical Engineering 3) David Ganderton. --- Unit Process in Pharmacy, Medical Books Ltd. London 4) G.G. Brown--- Unit Operations, CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi. 5) Robbert H. Perry, Don W, Green.---Perry’s Chemical Engineering Hand Book, 7th edition, International

Edition, McGraw Hill 6) N.G.Pandya., C.S.Shah---- Elements of Heat Engines, Charotar Book Stall, Tulsi Sadan, Anand (W. Rly),

India 7) Donald P. Eckman ---- Industrial Instrumentation, Seventh Wiley Eastern, Reprint, 1983, Wiley Eastern

Ltd, 4835/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002 8) C. V.S. Subrahmanyam---- Pharmaceutical Engineering principles and practices, Vallabh prakashan, New

Delhi

Examination Pattern is as follows

Sr. No. Types of Question Sessional University

Duration 3 Hrs 4 Hrs

1 Synopsis 5 10

2 Viva Voce 5 10

3 Exp. Major - 30

Minor 10 20

Sr No. Name of the Experiment

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Determination of overall heat transfer coefficient**

Determination of rate of evaporation*

Determination of rate of drying, free moisture content and bound moisture content**

Experiments to illustrate the influence of various parameters on the rate of drying**

Experiments to illustrate principles of size reduction*

Determination of humidity- use of Dry and Wet bulb.*

Evaluation of filter media, determination of rate of filtration and study of factors affecting

filtration*

Drying of wet granules and to plot the rate of drying curves. **

Operation of sieve shaker and sieve analysis. **

Particle size measurement by stokes law. *

Experiment of homogenizer and to measure homogeneity of the* product

Experiments on methods of crystallization, study of crystal habits**

4 Journal Marks 10 -

Total Marks 30 70

T356 PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS –III 3hours/week

Sr. no. Topic Hours

Section –I

1

2

Introduction to Solvent Extraction and its Application

• Principles of solvent extraction, Distribution ratio, efficiency of extraction, Separation factor

• Practical aspects of solvent extraction(factors affecting liquid – liquid extraction)

• Selection criterion of solvent for extraction, Method of extraction: Batch, counter-current, continuous extraction, stripping extraction and pH effect.

Basic Concepts in Spectroscopy : Introduction – Electromagnetic radiation, Wavelength, wave number, frequency, atomic spectra, molecular spectra. Instrumentation – light sources-IR, Visible & UV. Monochromators – filters, grating. Cells – silica, glass, quartz, Cells for IR Spectrophotometers. Detectors – photo tubes, photo diodes, read out system. Spectrophotometer – single beam, double beam. UV – Visible absorption spectroscopy: Introduction, origin and theory of UV spectra, bathochromic & hypsochromic shift, choice of solvents, Beers Lambert’s law, Single component analysis, use of absorptivity value , multiple component analysis, simultaneous equation method . Difference spectroscopy, derivative spectroscopy, Chemical Derivatization (Colorimetric) Reactions – diazotization, condensation, acid dye, oxidation . Determination of lambda Max. by Woodward-Fischer rule.

6

6

10

Section -II

3

4

5

6

Fluorescence spectroscopy :- Introduction, fluorescence spectra, excitation & emission spectra, Insrumentation, Factors affecting fluorescence intensity, quantitative aspects, application of spectroflurimeters and photofluorimeters Infrared spectroscopy: Introduction, range of IR radiation, Requirements of IR radiation, correct wavelength of radiation, electric dipole, theory of IR absorption spectroscopy, modes of vibration of atoms in polyatomic molecules-stretching vibration, bending vibration, types of stretching and bending vibration, interpretation of IR spectra, quantitative analysis, routine maintenance - dispersive and FT-IR instruments, instrumentations-single beam, double beam spectrophotometer, application to pharmaceuticals, limitation of IR spectrophotometry Atomic emission and atomic absorption spectrophotometry: Principle, difference between atomic absorption spectroscopy and flame emission spectroscopy, advantages of AAS over flame emission spectroscopy, limitation, instrumentation of atomic emission and atomic absorption spectroscopy, single and double beam spectrophotometer , pharmaceutical applications of atomic emission and atomic absorption spectroscopy Radioimmunoassays and releated immunoassay techniques, ELISA techniques, theory, instrumentation and applications.

5

8

6

4

Total Hrs- 45

Books Recommended:

1. IP, USP,BP, European Pharmacopoeia, International pharmacopoeia

2. Pharmaceutical analysis-Higuchi and brochmann 3. The quantitative analysis of drugs- Garrat 4. Analytical chemistry- Meites H.B. 5. Analytical chemistry- Garry Chrisian 6. Principles of instrumental analysis- Skoog 7. Vogel textbook of quantitative chemical analysis 8. Instrumental methods of analysis- Willard, Dean 9. Instrumental methods of analysis-Ewing. 10. Instrumental methods of analysis- Chatwal and Aanand 11. Practical Pharmacetuical chemistry Vol. II Beckett & Stenlake

T361 Cosmetic Technology I (Theory) (3 hrs/week)

Section-I Topic

Section-II

Sr. No.

Topics Hrs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Hair preparation: shampoos, hair seating lotion, conditioner, hair tonics, hair bleaches,

hair coloring dyes, permanent waving, hair straighter, anti dandruff preparation, Evaluation of Shampoo

Face powders and makeup: face powders, compact powder, cake make up, make up cream, liquid make up, sick make up, and liquid powders, beauty masks.

Colored make up: Lipstick, rouges, and eye make up, Evaluation of Lipstick. Mainicure preparation: Cuticle remover nails bleach, nail whites, nail creams, nail

liquor, and enamel remover.

Dental products: Dentifrices and mouth washes and Evaluation of Tooth paste. Antiageing preparation Stability testing of cosmetic products

04

04

03

03

04

02

03

Total Hours: 45

Books Recommended:

1 2 3 4 5

Introduction to cosmetics: A) Applications, origin and development of cosmetic sciences.

B) Basic knowledge of skin, role of hormones and vitamins in skin nutrition. C) Dermatitis and allergy, primary irritants and photosensitization in cosmetics.

D) Preservation, performance and evaluation of cosmetics. Cosmetic colors: Natural and synthetic colors including plants and animal origin, lakes,

pigments and inorganic colors. Perfumes in cosmetics: Natural and synthetic perfumes, manufacturing and blending of

perfumes. Introduction to cosmetic vehicles Skin care preparations: Skin creams and lotions, classification of skin creams, cold, vanishing, and all purpose, emollient creams, cleansing Creams, foundation creams, hand creams, protective and barrier creams, Evaluation of creams.

08

05

02

02

05

1) Riger: Harries Cosmeticology,Chemical Publishing company,Newyark 2) Poucher: Perfumes, Cosmetics and Soaps, Springer Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi 3) Balsam & Sagarin: Cosmetics – Science and Technology (Vol. 1-3),John Wiley & Sons,Newyark 4) Magdassi: Novel Cosmetic Delivery System- Cosmetic science & Tech. series vol- 19. Marcel Dekker

Inc.,Newyark 5) Thomson: Modern cosmetic, Universal Publishing Corporation,Bombay 6) Marc Paye,Maibach H I: Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology, 2nd Edition, CRC Press.,Tayler

&Francis, Newyark 7) A.Nanda,S.Nanda,Roop K. Khar:Cosmetic Technology- Birla Publications, Delhi

P361 Cosmetic Technology I (Practicals)

(3Hrs/week)

Major Expt. ** Minor Expt. Remaining all preparations

Examination Pattern is as follows

Sr. No. Types of Question Sessional University

Duration 3 Hrs 4 Hrs

1 Synopsis 5 10

2 Viva Voce 5 10

3 Exp. Major - 30

Minor 10 20

4 Journal Marks 10 -

Total Marks 30 70

Books Recommended

1) Riger: Harries Cosmeticology 2) Poucher: Perfumes, Cosmetics and Soaps 3) Balsam & Sagarin: Cosmetics – Science and Technology (Vol. 1-3) 4) Magdassi: Novel Cosmetic Delivery System- Cosmetic science & Tech. Series vol- 19 5) Thomson: Modern cosmetic 6) Marc Paye, Maibach H I: Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology, 2nd Edition, CRC Press.

1) Creams: cold cream**, vanishing cream**, cleansing cream**, emollient cream**, foundation cream**. 2) Face powders and make-up: Face powder, Dusting powder, Compact powder, Liquid make-up, Face mask. 3) Body Cosmetics: Hand & body lotion, hand protective cream, Peeling lotion, Corn callus preparation, Sunscreen lotion. 4) Baby Cosmetics: Baby lotion, Baby cream, Baby powder. 5) Hair preparations: Liquid shampoo**, Cream shampoo**, Gel shampoo**, Brilliantine. ** 6) Shaving Preparations: Lather shaving cream**, Brushless shaving cream**, After shave lotion 7) Coloured make-up: Lipstic** 8) Manicure Preparations: Nail Lacquer, Nail remover 9) Dental Products: Mouth wash, Tooth paste**, Tooth Powder. 10) Astringent and Skin tonics: Astringent cream, Skin toner

T362 Pharmaceutical Medicinal chemistry –II (Theory)

(3 hrs/week)

The following topics should be covered with the points listed below

1. Introduction

2. Classification

3. Mechanism of action

4. Structure-activity relationship

5. Pharmacokinetics (Metabolism) and

6. Therapeutic uses

7. Synthesis of drugs official in IP (Listed in respective classes)

Section –I

Sr.No Topic Hours

1 Antiseptic & Disinfectants

Chlorocresol,Phenol 02

2 Antiamoebics

Metronidazole,Tinidazole

03

3 Anthelmintics

Piperazine citrate, Albendazole, Mebendazole, Levamisole,

Niclosamide

04

4 Antifungal agents Clotrimazole,Griseofulvin,Ketoconazole,Miconazole nitrate

03

5 Quinoline Antibacterials

Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, Norfloxacin, Nalidixic acid, 02

6 Antineoplastic agents Methotrexate, Busulphan, Fluorouracil, Cisplatin,

Cyclophosphamide, Thiotepa.

09

Section-II

7 Anti Tubercular and Anti-leprotic Agents Isoniazide, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide, Ethionamide

04

8 Antimalarials

Chloroquine sulphate,Primaquine,Amodiaquine 04

9

Antibiotics

Amoxycillin, Ampicillin, Carbenicillin, Cefadroxil, Cephalexin,

Chloramphenicol, Gentamicin.

10

10 Sulfonamides

Sulphamethoxazole, Sulphadiazine, Sulphadoxine 04

Total Hrs: 45

Books Recommended

1) Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, Foye, Lemke and Williams, Indian Ed. B. I.

Waverly, Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi 1995

2) Wilson and Gisvold, Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J.

N. Delgado, W.A. Remers, Lipincott Raven 10th Ed., 1998

3) Essentials of Medicinal Chemistry by Koralkovas, 2nd edition, Wiley- Inter science Pub.

1988

4) Essentials of Medicinal Chemistry by Koralkovas, 2nd edition, Wiley- Inter science Pub.

1988

5) The Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis: Daniel Lednicer, John Wiley and Sons. Inc.

Vols 1-6

6) Profiles in Drug Synthesis : V.N. Gogte

7) Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery (Vol. 1-5) Wiley Inter science

Publication

8) Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry by Harkishansing & Kapoor

9) Principle of Medicinal Chemistry ( Volume I & II ) by Kadam, Mahadik and Bothara

P362 Pharmaceutical Medicinal chemistry –II (Practical)

3 hours/week

Experiments

Laboratory scale preparation by conventional/microwave synthesis of

the following compounds. Spectral analysis of the synthesized

compounds should be carried as major experiments.

• Anthranilic acid (Hoffman degradation Reaction)

• Benzylidene acetophenone

(Claissen Schmitt Reaction)

• Cinnamic acid (Perkin Reaction)

• Benzhydrol from Benzophenone (MVP Reduction)

• 8-Hydroxyquinoline (Skraup’s synthesis)

• Benzocaine

• Benzophenone

• Diphenylmethane

• 2-Acetylnaphthalene

Minimum Eight Experiments should be performed.

Books Recommended:

1) Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, Foye, Lemke and Williams, Indian Ed. B. I. Waverly,

Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi 1995

2) Wilson and Gisvold, Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J. N.

Delgado, W.A. Remers, Lipincott-Raven 10th Ed., 1998

3) Essentials of Medicinal Chemistry by Koralkovas, 2nd edition, Wiley- Inter science Pub.

1988

4) The Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis: Daniel Ledmicer , John Wiley and Sons. Inc.

Vols 1-6

5) Profiles in Drug Synthesis : V.N. Gogte Publication

6) Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry by Harkishansing & Kapoor

7) Principle of Medicinal Chemistry ( Volume I & II ) by Kadam, Mahadik and Bothara

8) Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery (Vol. 1-5) Wiley Inter science

9) Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry – A.I. Vogel

10) Practical Organic Chemistry - Mann and Sanders

11) Systematic identification of Organic Composition, Shriner and Fuson

Examination Pattern is as follows

Sr. No. Types of Question Sessional University

Duration 3 Hrs 4 Hrs

1 Synopsis 5 10

2 Viva Voce 5 10

3 Exp. Major - 30

Minor 10 20

4 Journal Marks 10 -

Total Marks 30 70

T363 Pharmacology-II (Theory) (3hrs/Week)

Sr. No.

Topic No of Hrs

Section-I

1. Pharmacology of drugs acting on Central Nervous System a) General considerations (Introduction), Neurotransmission and

transmitters in CNS b) Alcohol c) General anesthetics d) Drugs used in parkinsonism e) Sedatives and hypnotics f) CNS stimulants g) Anti-Convulsants h) Psychiatric disorders and their treatment (Antipsychotics, anxiolytics and

antidepressants)

05

02 02 01 03 02 02 05

Section-II

2. Opoid Analgesics 03

3. Drug dependence and drug abuse 02

4. Pharmacology of local-anesthetics 02

5 New Drug Development a) Pre-clinical evaluation (acute ,subacute & chronic toxicity, ADME,

therapeutic index) b) Clinical evaluation

01 02 02

6. Bio-assays- Concept, Principles, Merits & Demerits, Methods, Types, Bioassay of insulin, Digitalis as per official books. Brief to Biostatistics with reference to Bio-assay.

05

7. Pharmacology of drugs acting on Respiratory system a) Mucolytics b) Expectorants c) Antitussives d) Asthma

06

Total Hrs. 45

Books Recommended:

1) Satoskar R.S, Bhandarkar S.D, Rage N.N. Pharmacology and Pharmcotherapeutics. Popular Prakashan Mumbai 19th edition.

2) Barar F.S.K. Essentials of Pharmacotherapeutics, S.Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi 3) Tripathi K.D. Essentials of medical Pharmacology ,Jaypee New Delhi 2004 5th edition 4) Rang H.P., Dale M.M. et.al. Pharmacology. Churchill Livingstone, New Delhi 2005 5th edition 5) Katzung B.G .Basic & Clinical Pharmacology Mc-graw Hill, New Delhi 2001. 8th edition. 6) Lewis’s Pharmacology. Churchill Livingstone London,1980 5th edition 7) Goodman Gilman, The Pharmacological basis of therapeutics. Mc-graw Hill New Delhi 2001 10th edition 8) Seth S.D. Textbook of Pharmacology Elsevier, New Delhi 2004 2nd Edition 9) Harvey R.A., Champe P.C. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews-Pharmacology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,

Pennsylvania. 2000 2nd edition.

10) Grahame-Smith D.G. & Aronson J.K. Oxford textbook of clinical Pharmacology and drug therapy . Oxford University press London. 2002 3rd edition

11) Foster R.W. Basic Pharmacology, Arnold ,New Delhi 2001 ,4th edition 12) Stahl S.M.. Essential Psychopharmacology Cambridge University Press New Delhi 2003 2nd edition 13) Dipiro J.L. Pharmacotherapy Handbook. Tata McGraw Hill New Delhi.2004 5th edition. 14) Official books - Indian Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia, United States Pharmacopoeia

P363 Pharmacology-II (Practicals) 45 Hours (3hrs/Week)

1) To perform Bio-assay of following drugs using following methods** a) Graphical/Interpolation method b) Matching method c) Three point method (Bio-assay of Acetylcholine, Histamine)

2) CNS experiments* a) Care and handling of common laboratory animals. b) Introduction to animal physiology with their biochemical reference value in various animal species. c) Study of various anaesthetics employed to anesthetize the laboratory animal. d) Introduction to techniques of euthanasia,stunning, pithing etc. e) Study of various routes of administration using various animals. f) To study the Hypnotic property of drug/drugs using mice/rats as experimental animals (Different

routes of drug administration can also be opted) g) To study the drug induced catatonia in animals (Any one animal model-like

baclofen/clonidine/haloperidol/pentazocine induced) h) To study the effects of drugs on locomotor activity using Actophotometer i) To study the Analgesic activity using suitable method. (Hot Plate, Tail Flick/Caudal Immersion,

Acetic Acid/Formalin-Induced) j) To study Anticonvulsant activity using MES/ PTZ.. k) To study drug antagonism on Isoalted frog heart preparation using softwares (Expharm, X-cology)

NOTES:- 1. Minor * Major** 2.Suitable animal preparation- Any experiment suitable to demonstrate the concept- It could be either in-vivo or in-vitro, The animal selected may be mice, rat, rabbit, guinea pig as admissible as per prevailing Government/CPCSEA guidelines. In case of in-vitro preparations- any tissue preparation from above animals or various tissues from goat may be obtained from slaughter house/ abattoir /butcher shop Minimum 12 experiments from above list must be conducted

Examination Pattern is as follows

Sr. No. Types of Question Sessional University

Duration 3 Hrs 4 Hrs

1 Synopsis 5 10

2 Viva Voce 5 10

3 Exp. Major - 30

Minor 10 20

4 Journal Marks 10 -

Total Marks 30 70

Books Recommended 1) Ghosh M.N. Fundamentals of Experimental pharmacology. Hilton & Company Kolkata 2005 3rd edition.

2) Vogel G.H. Drug discovery and evaluation. Springer Germany 2002 2nd edition.

3) Goyal R.K. Practicals in pharmacology. B.S. Shah Prakashan Ahmedabad 2005 5th edition.

4) Kulkarni S.K. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Vallabh Prakashan. New Delhi, 5th edition.

5) Perry W. L. M. Pharmacological Experiments on Isolated preparations.E.&S. LivingstoneLondon 1970 , 2nd

edition.

6) Kasture S.B.Text book of Experimental Pharmacology, Career Publication Nashik.1 st edition, 2006

7) Official books - Indian Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia, United States Pharmacopoeia

T364 Pharmacognosy III (Theory)

(3hrs/Week)

Section I

Sr.No. Topic Hrs.

1. Phytochemical screening of Natural Products:

Extraction technology including Super critical fluid extraction and other advanced techniques. Preliminary Phytochemical investigation of alkaloids, Saponins, steroids, tannins, glycosides, volatile oil,

terpenoids, resins. General Methods used for isolation ands purification of Natural Products. Study of Chromatographic & Spectroscopical Techniques as applied to natural products.

10 2 3 5

2. General introduction to Volatile oils and Terpenoids: Introduction, Classification, Physical & Chemical properties, occurrence/distribution, General extraction methodology, Biogenesis of isoprenoids and analysis of volatile oil. A) Detail Pharmacognosy of Fennel, Coriander, Cassia, Clove and Turmeric, B) Biological source, collection, preparation, chemical constituents, Identification tests, uses, adulterants and substituents of following: Umbelliferous fruit (Dill, Caraway), Cardamom, Cinnamon, Nutmeg, Eucalyptus oil, Gaultheria, Lemon grass oil, Oil of Citronella, Mentha oil, Musk, Palmrosa ,khus and Sandalwood

12

Section II

3. General introduction to Resins: A) Introduction, Classification, Physical & Chemical properties, occurrence/distribution, General extraction methodology and analysis of resins. Biological source, collection, preparation, chemical constituents, Identification tests, uses, adulterants and substituents of following: Asafoetida, Guggul, Podophyllum, capsicum and Ginger. B) Biological source & Uses of following Balsam of Tolu, Balsam of Peru, Benzoin ,Myrrh, Storax, Colophonys & Jalap,

10

4. Introduction to Carotenoids and Flavonoids; Classification, Occurance,chemistry, Chemical tests,uses of Silymarin, orange peel

5

5. A brief introduction to plant toxins and allergens. 3 6. Herbal pesticides: Neem, Tobacco, Pyrethrum. 2 7. Study of Neutraceuticals as health foods: Introduction ,Types of spirulina,soya and garlic 3

Total Hrs- 45

Books Recommended: 1) Guenther, E, Me, Essential oils-4 D Van Nostrand CO Inc, New York 2) Horborn J. B. Phytochemical methods, Chapman and Hall, International Edition, London 3) Iyengar M.A. , Pharmacognosy Lab Manual. Manipal Power Press, Manipal 4) Iyengar M.A., Study of Crude Drugs, Manipal Power Press, Manipal 5) Kokate C. K. Practical Pharmacognosy, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi 6) Kokate C. K. Purohit A. P. and Gokhale S. B. , Pharmacognosy (degree ) Nirali Prakashan 7) Manitto P. The biosynthesis of natural products, EllisHarwood, Chichester 8) Pridham J. B. and Swain T., Biosynthetic Pathways in Higher Plants, Academic Press, New York 9) Pulok Mukharji, Quality control of Herbal drugs 10) Trease, G.E. and Evans, W.C. Pharmacognosy, 12th Edition, Bailliere Tindall, Eastbourne, U.K 11) Tyler, V.E., Brady, R., Pharmacognosy

12) V.D.Rangari, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Volume I & II 13) Wagner, S.B., Zgainsky, Plant drug Analysis 14) Wallis, T.E. Analytical Microscopy, J.A. Churchill Limited, London 15) Wallis, T.E. Textbook of Pharmacognosy, J.A. Churchill Limited, London 16) Indian pharmacopoeia 17) British pharmacopoeia 18) United state pharmacopoeia

P364 Pharmacognosy- III (Practical) (3hrs/Week)

1) Demonstration of percolation and continuous extraction technology (Soxhlet apparatus) 2) Extraction of Eucalyptus and clove oil by using clavenger apparatus. ** 3) Estimation of phenols (Eugenol) in essential oils. 4) Estination of cinnamic aldehyde in cinnamon oil. 5) Extraction of ginger OR capsicum oleo resin**. 6) Study of morphology, histology and micro chemical test of following crude drugs:** Fennel, Coriander, Cassia, Clove and Turmeric 7) Identification of crude drugs on basis of gross organoleptic characters mentioned in theory* (Nutmeg, Dill, Guggul and all volatile oils) 8) Chemical test of resinous crude drugs.*ex: Asafoetida, Guggul, Turmeric, Tolu and Peru balsam. 9) Paper or TLC chromatography profile of any two volatile oil drugs mentioned in theory. **

* Minor and ** Major experiment Books Recommended:

1) Guenther, E, Me, Essential oils-4 D Van Nostrand CO Inc, New York 2) Herbal Pharmacopoeia, IDMA, Mumbai 3) Horborn J. B. Phytochemical methods, Chapman and Hall, International Edition, London 4) Iyengar M.A. , Pharmacognosy Lab Manual. Manipal Power Press, Manipal 5) Iyengar M.A., Study of Crude Drugs, Manipal Power Press, Manipal 6) Kokate C. K. Practical Pharmacognosy, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi 7) Kokate C. K. Purohit A. P. and Gokhale S. B. , Pharmacognosy (degree ) Nirali Prakashan 8) Official methods of analysis, Association of official analytical chemists publications, Washington 9) Peach K, and Tracey M. V., Modern methods of plant analysis, 1-4, Narosa Publishing house, New Delhi 10) Stahl, E., Thin Layer Chromatography- A Laboratory handbook, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 11) Trease, G.E. and Evans, W.C. Pharmacognosy, 12th Edition, Bailliere Tindall, Eastbourne, U.K 12) Tyler, V.E., Brady, R., Pharmacognosy 13) V.D.Rangari, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Volume I & II 14) Wagner, S.B., Zgainsky, Plant drug Analysis 15) Wallis, T.E. Analytical Microscopy, J.A. Churchill Limited, London 16) Wallis, T.E. Textbook of Pharmacognosy, J.A. Churchill Limited, London 17) Indian pharmacopoeia 18) British pharmacopoeia 19) United pharmacopoeia

Examination Pattern is as follows

Sr. No. Types of Question Sessional University

Duration 3 Hrs 4 Hrs

1 Synopsis 5 10

2 Viva Voce 5 10

3 Exp. Major - 30

Minor 10 20

4 Journal Marks 10 -

Total Marks 30 70

T365 Pharmaceutical Analysis –IV(Theory ) (3hrs/week) Section-I

Sr. No. Topic Hours

Section –I

1 Chromatography: Terminology, retention time & retention volume, adjusted retention volume, specific retention volume, relative retention volume, height equivalent to theoretical plate, (HETP) rate and plate theory , resolution, partition coefficient, Classification of chromatography methods .

a) Planer chromatography:

i. Paper chromatography: Theory, development techniques and applications. ii. Thin-layer chromatography: Theory, selection of adsorbent, preparation of plates,

spotting, development of chromatogram, detection of compounds, recovery of components, and applications.

iii. HPTLC: Introduction, theory and applications

06

04

07

05

Section II

b) Column chromatography: Theory i) Gas chromatography : Introduction, carrier gases , columns, injection system,

detectors, thermal conductivity detectors (TCD), electron capture detector(ECD), thermo-ionic detector(TID), flame ionisation detector(FID), nitrogen phosphorus detector(NPD), photo-ionization detector(PID), head space analysis, applications, programmed temperature gas chromatography(PTGC), gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy(GCMS). PTGC

ii) HPLC: Instrumentation, pumps (reciprocating pumps, displacement & pneumatic pumps), mobile phase reservoirs, solvent treatment systems, isocratic elution, gradient elution, injection system. Detectors, photometric detectors (single wavelength, multi wavelength, variable wavelength, diode array, fluorescence detectors), refractive index detectors, electrochemical detectors. Columns: analytical columns, guard columns, column thermostats, types of column packaging, HPLC-MS. Introduction of UPLC (Ultra Pressure Liquid Chromatography)

iii) Ion exchange chromatography: Ion exchange resins, applications. c) Gel permeation chromatography: - Introduction, apparatus & techniques.

8

9

3

3

Total Hrs 45

Books Recommended:

1. IP, USP,BP, European Pharmacopoeia, International pharmacopoeia 2. Pharmaceutical analysis-Higuchi and brochmann 3. The quantitative analysis of drugs- Garrat 4. Analytical chemistry- MEITES H.B. 5. Analytical chemistry- garry Chrisian 6. Principles of instrumental analysis- Skoog 7. Vogel textbook of quantitative chemical analysis 8. Instrumental methods of analysis- Willard, Dean 9. Instrumental methods of analysis-Ewing.

10. Instrumental methods of analysis- Chatwal and Aanand 11. Practical pharmaceutical chemistry, part- II by Beckett and Stenlake

P365 PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS –III (Practical) ( 4 hrs /week)

Sr.no. Experiments

1. Calibration of UV-Visible spectrophotometer and determination of lambda max of drug *

2. Spectrophotometric analysis of Raw materials (At least Three expt.)*

3. Spectrophotometric analysis of Finished products (At least Three expt.)**

4. Determination of Quinine Sulfate / Riboflavin using Fluorimeter. **

5. Determination of Na+ and K+ by flame photometry after preparation of calibration curve**

6. Identification of functional groups using IR –Analysis *

7. To perform experiments on paper, thin layer and column chromatography. (any two from each class)**

8. HPLC (Demonstration only )

9. GC (Demonstration only )

* Minor **Major

Examination Pattern is as follows

Sr. No. Types of Question Sessional University

Duration 3 Hrs 4 Hrs

1 Synopsis 5 10

2 Viva Voce 5 10

3 Exp. Major - 30

Minor 10 20

4 Journal Marks 10 -

Total Marks 30 70

Books Recommended: 1. IP, USP,BP, European Pharmacopoeia, International pharmacopoeia 2. Pharmaceutical analysis-Higuchi and Brochmann 3. The quantitative analysis of drugs- Garrat 4. Analytical chemistry- MEITES H.B. 5. Analytical chemistry- Garry Chrisian 6. Principles of instrumental analysis- Skoog 7. Vogel textbook of quantitative chemical analysis 8. Instrumental methods of analysis- Willard, Dean 9. Instrumental methods of analysis-Ewing 10. Instrumental methods of analysis- Chatwal and Aanand 11. Practical pharmaceutical chemistry, Vol II by Beckett and Stenlake

T366 Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Theory) (3hrs/Week)

Section I

Sr.No. Topic Hours

1 Biotechnology-Definition, scope and potential 02

2 Fermentation technology and industrial microbiology Fermentation as a biochemical process Construction, working and types of fermenter, fermentation monitoring, in-situ recovery and downstream processing. Industrial production of Penicillin, dextran and Vit B12 Waste discharge & effluent treatment

2 4 2 2

3 Plant cell and tissue culture Cellular totipotency Laboratory and media requirements for establishing in vitro culture Cell culture techniques –organ, callus, single cell, cell suspension and protoplast culture Somatic hybridization and cybridisation-isolation and fusion of protoplast, selection of hybrids and cybrids and their applications Production of secondary metabolites using hairy root culture, immobilized cell culture and elicitor-induced accumulation. Introduction to germplasm conservation

1 2 3 3 3 1

Section II

04

Animal cell culture Introduction to animal cell culture, media, culture techniques and types of animal cell culture

05

5 Genetic recombination of animal cells Steps in genetic recombination, endonucleases, vectors, strain construction and gene transfer methods.

05

6 Biotechnological production of human insulin, human growth hormone and interferons. Impurities in bioproducts.

05

7 Principle and applications of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), gel electrophoresis, peptide mapping, protein sequencing, HPLC and immunoassay

05

Total Hrs- 45

Books Recommended

1. Bainse William, Biotechnology from A to Z, 2nd Edition, 2002, Oxford University Press.

2. Casida L. E., Industrial Microbiology, 2000, New Age International, Delhi.

3. De Kalyan Kumar, Plant Tissue Culture, 1st Edition, 1997, New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd.

4. Disouza J. I., Killedar S. G., Biotechnology and Fermentation Process, Nirali Prakashan

5. Freifelder David, Molecular Biology, 2nd Edition, 1998, Narosa Publishing House.

6. Gupta P. K., Elements of Biotechnology, 1st Edition, 2001, Rastogi Pub., Meerut.

7. Higgins, Best D.J. and Jones J., Biotechnology: Principles and Applications, Blackwell Scientific

Publications, Boston, MA 1985.

8. Hugo W. B., Russell A. D., Pharmaceutical Microbiology, 6th Edition, 1998

9. Razdan M.K., An introduction to plant tissue culture, Oxford & IBH Pub., Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.