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OutlineOutline
Cyclotrons and SynchrotronsCyclotrons and Synchrotrons HistoryHistory
Compare to Linear AcceleratorsCompare to Linear Accelerators
Schematic ViewsSchematic Views
Theory of Circular AcceleratorsTheory of Circular Accelerators Development of SynchrotronDevelopment of Synchrotron
Advantages over Cyclotron Advantages over Cyclotron
Schematic ViewSchematic View ConclusionConclusion
Future of SynchrotronsFuture of Synchrotrons
Applications of Synchrotron Radiation Applications of Synchrotron Radiation
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HistoryHistory Cyclotron conceived y !"Cyclotron conceived y !"Lawrence in #$%$Lawrence in #$%$
&ons accelerated using&ons accelerated usingradial magnetic forceradial magnetic force Less voltage needed than inLess voltage needed than in
linear acceleratorslinear accelerators
'ore compact'ore compact Synchrocyclotron developedSynchrocyclotron developed
in #$()sin #$()s Relativistic mass increaseRelativistic mass increase
Synchrotron invented soonSynchrotron invented soonthereafter thereafter Varying magnetic fieldVarying magnetic field
Cheaper and !asier Cheaper and !asier http://www.facsta.bucknell.edu
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http*++www,nsd"ll"gov+
Linear AcceleratorCompare to a circularaccelerator
Much higher voltage neededNot costeecti!e
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Alternating
E-feld
Top View Side View
C"clotron
#chematic
Ejected ions
Unior
m
B-feld
region
Injected ions
www.h"perph"sics.co
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!
The CyclotronThe Cyclotron -eriod is independent of-eriod is independent of
velocityvelocity -article steered y magnet-article steered y magnet
'oves in larger circles in e.ual'oves in larger circles in e.ual
amounts of timeamounts of time /ains more 0 more energy/ains more 0 more energy
Accelerates to large energies Accelerates to large energies
without large voltageswithout large voltages !nergy limits, dis1 si2e3 4,field!nergy limits, dis1 si2e3 4,field
strength 55 #)) 'eVstrength 55 #)) 'eV
$
%& ma
'(!)$*& m!+/ r
%or circularorbits,
'(!)$*& '!$
r& m!/'$
-& !/ r& '$/m
%
”cyclotron frequency” f=ω/2 =qB/2
m
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http*++www,nsd"ll"gov+
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#"nchroc"clotron#"nchroc"clotron
An augmented c"clotronAn augmented c"clotron articles in c"clotronsarticles in c"clotrons
gain mass due togain mass due to
relati!it"relati!it" ncreases period eachncreases period each
re!olutionre!olution
00fre'uenc" modulation1fre'uenc" modulation1
http://imglib.lbl.go!/cgibin/mgLib
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uni!ersere!iew.ca
SynchrotronSynchrotron
Notice:
particles
tra!el in
a
ring,not
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#"nchrotrons#"nchrotrons
Magnetic 2eldMagnetic 2eld
graduall" increasesgraduall" increases
as energ" increasesas energ" increases articles acceleratedarticles accelerated
in a ring, not a diskin a ring, not a disk
Allows for cheaperAllows for cheaperconstructionconstruction
http://imglib.lbl.go!/cgibin/mgLib
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ConclusionConclusion 3he %uture of #"nchrotrons 3he %uture of #"nchrotrons
4nergies up to 5666 7e84nergies up to 5666 7e8 $eha!ior of the nucleus$eha!ior of the nucleus
3he #trong %orce 3he #trong %orce
9uarks9uarks Matterantimatter collisionsMatterantimatter collisions
#"nchrotron adiation#"nchrotron adiation 00;nwanted1 b"product;nwanted1 b"product
ApplicationsApplications #urface maging#urface maging
#emiconductor manufacture#emiconductor manufacture
9uicker computer processors9uicker computer processors
http://www.europh"sicsnews.co
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eferenceseferences www.h"perph"sics.com
http://wwwnsd.lbl.go!/
http://uni!ersere!iew.ca/
http://aboutnature.net/s"nchrotron/
http://s"nchrotronsbasic.net
http://www.facsta.bucknell.edu/m!igeant/
http://www.europh"sicsnews.com/full/6