2005.04.12 SLIDE 1IS146 – SPRING 2005 Understanding Visual Media Prof. Marc Davis, Prof. Peter Lyman, and danah boyd UC Berkeley SIMS Tuesday and Thursday.

2005.04.12 SLIDE 1IS146 – SPRING 2005

Understanding Visual Media

Prof. Marc Davis, Prof. Peter Lyman, and danah boyd

UC Berkeley SIMS

Tuesday and Thursday 2:00 pm – 3:30 pm

Spring 2005http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/academics/courses/is146/s05/

IS146:

Foundations of New Media

2005.04.12 SLIDE 2IS146 – SPRING 2005

Lecture Overview

• Cameraphone Discussion Questions• Today• Networks

• Preview of Next Time• Social Software and Online Communities

• Administration• Return of Midterms• (re)Design Show (and Tell)

2005.04.12 SLIDE 3IS146 – SPRING 2005

Lecture Overview

• Cameraphone Discussion Questions• Today• Networks

• Preview of Next Time• Social Software and Online Communities

• Administration• Return of Midterms• (re)Design Show (and Tell)

2005.04.12 SLIDE 4IS146 – SPRING 2005

Alex Jaffe on Cameraphone Uses

• Many of the users of cell phone cameras in this paper felt compelled to chronicle very "normal" aspects of their daily life, either to share with others or for personal memories. Do you think the ability to constantly record one's life satisfies an existing desire, or is the technology fulfilling a need it itself inspires in people? Regardless, can you think of examples where technology is used to do something not because there is a need, but simply because it becomes possible?

2005.04.12 SLIDE 5IS146 – SPRING 2005

Alex Jaffe on Cameraphone Uses

• Respondents indicated that one of their favorite features unique to MMM(2) was their ability to send pictures to people immediately after they were taken. This created a sense of immediacy and "being there" in the viewer. How is communicating in this way reminiscent of orality, albeit in visual form? Might this be an important part of secondary orality in times to come?

2005.04.12 SLIDE 6IS146 – SPRING 2005

Magen Farrar on Context-To-Content• “Context-to-content” inferencing promises to

solve the problems of the sensory and semantic gaps in multimedia information systems...By using the spatio-temporal-social context of image capture, we are able to infer that different images taken in the vicinity of the Campanile are very likely of the Campanile at UC Berkeley and know that they are not of, for example, the Washington Monument...  So, how is the system of “context to content” inferencing changing to allow deciphering, or specifics, between similar content within the same context?

2005.04.12 SLIDE 7IS146 – SPRING 2005

Magen Farrar on Context-To-Content

• Sharing metadata is exceptionally useful in inferring media content from context, but can potentially violate one's privacy.  Other than the opt-in/opt-out mechanisms in the system, what other steps are being thought of to assure the preservation of privacy while sharing information in the Mobile Media Metadata system?

2005.04.12 SLIDE 8IS146 – SPRING 2005

Lecture Overview

• Cameraphone Discussion Questions• Today• Networks

• Preview of Next Time• Social Software and Online Communities

• Administration• Return of Midterms• (re)Design Show (and Tell)

2005.04.12 SLIDE 9IS146 – SPRING 2005

Why networks?

• “Why does the Internet never go down?”– Building stable networked systems

• “So, how do you know Susan?”– Understanding human relationships through

social/kinship networks

• “How will SARS spread? To where?”– Understanding information/biological spread

2005.04.12 SLIDE 10IS146 – SPRING 2005

Random networks

• Erdös and Rényi• How many links would

have to be laid down before one picked at random would be able to communicate with most of the system?

• Connectivity changes rapidly after average number of links = 1

2005.04.12 SLIDE 11IS146 – SPRING 2005

Network map of ISPs (c 1998)Internet Mapping Project

2005.04.12 SLIDE 12IS146 – SPRING 2005

Social networks

• Sociologists are obsessed with structure– Network structure vs. social structure– Centrality

• Sociologists’ networks have no dynamics– What is measured? What is revealed?– No understanding of underlying behavior– Things change over time

• (Anthropologists have kinship networks)

2005.04.12 SLIDE 13IS146 – SPRING 2005

Concepts in social networks

• Hubs– The most connected people

• Bridges– People who connect different groups

• Structural holes– Places where two clusters are not deeply

connected

• Homophily– “Birds of a feather stick together”

2005.04.12 SLIDE 14IS146 – SPRING 2005

Stanley Milgram

• Empirical psychologist obsessed with urban culture

• Small worlds experiment – (a.k.a. six degrees of separation)– 300 letters to people in Boston and Omaha– Deliver them to target by mailing the letter to

an acquaintance they considered to be closer to the target

– On average, it took 5.5 hops (with 35% completion rate and huge racial barriers)

2005.04.12 SLIDE 15IS146 – SPRING 2005

Mark Granovetter

• “Strength of Weak Ties”

• Weak ties help you find jobs– Why?

2005.04.12 SLIDE 16IS146 – SPRING 2005

Robin Dunbar

• “Gossip, Grooming and the Evolution of Language”– Monkeys groom; humans gossip

• Cognitive maximum of 150 “friends”– ... at one time– Celebrities count

2005.04.12 SLIDE 17IS146 – SPRING 2005

Why should you care?

• The web functions based on networks

• Mobile phones are creating new networks

• Gaming relies on structural holes

• The next generation of Internet and mobile applications rely on social network– AIM buddy lists, Facebook, addresbooks, LJ

friends lists, blogrolls

2005.04.12 SLIDE 18IS146 – SPRING 2005

Coming soon... FriendsterVizster by Jeff Heer

2005.04.12 SLIDE 19IS146 – SPRING 2005

Discussion Questions

• When should we care about network structure? What does structure tell us? What does it fail to tell us?

• How do you think the representations of social networks online (i.e. AIM buddylists or Facebook) are different than the ones discussed in the readings?

2005.04.12 SLIDE 20IS146 – SPRING 2005

Lecture Overview

• Cameraphone Discussion Questions• Today• Networks

• Preview of Next Time• Social Software and Online Communities

• Administration• Return of Midterms• (re)Design Show (and Tell)

2005.04.12 SLIDE 21IS146 – SPRING 2005

Readings for Next Time

• Elizabeth Mynatt, Vicki O'Day, Annette Adler, and Mizuko Ito. Network communities: something old, something new, something borrowed... Computer Supported Cooperative Work 7:123-156, 1998.– Discussion Questions

2005.04.12 SLIDE 22IS146 – SPRING 2005

Lecture Overview

• Cameraphone Discussion Questions• Today• Networks

• Preview of Next Time• Social Software and Online Communities

• Administration• Return of Midterms• (re)Design Show (and Tell)

2005.04.12 SLIDE 23IS146 – SPRING 2005

(re)Design Show (and Tell)