©2005 Armstrong International, Inc. Open and Closed Systems.

©2005 Armstrong International, Inc.

Open and Closed Systems

2““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

Condensate Return

Let’s take a look at a savings analysis...

•Hotter boiler feed water temperatures

•Minimizes the amount of chemicals required to treat boiler feed water

•Eliminates environmental concerns

•Minimizes water usage which is critical in some areas

•Condensate is a tangible item which can be measured in the form of a savings analysis

•Effective return can lower overall costs which can impact profitability

3““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

A. Condensate Load A= 2000 lb/hrB. Annual hours of operation B= 5000 hrsC. Total Water Cost = (C1+C2) C1. Untreated water and sewage .002 $/gal C2. Water treatment chemicals .003 $/gal

C= .005 $/galD. Make-up water preheating requirements D1. Condensate return temperature 200 °F D2. Make-up water temperature 60 °F D = (D1-D2) x 1.0 BTU/lb / °F D= 140 BTU/ lb

E. Steam cost E= 5.00 $/1000 lb

F. Savings in water costs(A) x 2000 x (B) 5000 x (C) .005

8.34 lb/gal F= 5,995 $/yr

G. Savings for preheating make-up water *(BTU/lb from direct steam injection)

(A) 2000 x (B) 5000 x (D) 140 x (E) 5.00*1000 x 1000 G= 7,000 $/yr

H. Cost of steam to run Armstrong Pump Trap3 x (A) 2000 x (B) 5000 x (E) 5.00 *1000 x 1000 H= 150 $/yr

I. Total annual savings = (F+G+H) F. Savings in water costs 5,995 $/yr G. Savings for preheating make-up water +7,000 $/yr H. Cost of steam to run Armstrong Pump Trap - 150 $/yr

I= 12,845 $/yrJ. Payback of pump purchase Payback = $5,063 (cost of pump package)

12,845 J= .39 yrs

©2005 Armstrong International, Inc.

Mechanical Pump

Operating Characteristics

5““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

6““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

Step 1. During filling, the steam or air inlet and check valve on pumping trap outlet are closed. The vent and check valve on the inlet are open.

Open CheckValve

Steam/Air In - Closed Steam/Air Out - Open

Closed Check Valve

FillingFilling

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

Begin Pumping

Step 2. Float Rises with level of condensate until it passes trip point, and then snap action reverses the positions shown in step one.

Check ValveClosed

Steam/Air In - Open Steam/Air Out - Closed

Open Check Valve

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

Step 3. Float is lowered as level of condensate falls until snap action again reverses positions.

End Pumping

Steam/Air - In Vent Closed

Closed CheckValve

Open Check Valve

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

Step 4. Steam or air inlet and trap outlet are again closed while vent and

condensate inlet are open. Cycle begins anew.

Repeat FillingRepeat Filling

Steam/Air In - Closed Steam/Air Out - Open

Open Check Valve

Closed Check Valve

11““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

12““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

13““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

Open Systems

14““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

15““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

16““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

17““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

Considerations for Open Systems

• Receiver sizing

• Receiver must be sized to provide adequate separation of flash steam and condensate

• Vent sizing on receiver

• Vent line velocity of 3,000 – 4,000 FPM

• Location of Receiver

• Fill head is important

• Prevent flashing in the pump trap

18““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

Open System

Advantages: Drain Multiple pieces of equipment Can use Air or Steam for pump trap operation Easiest to understand

Disadvantages:

Lose valuable flash steam Must run a potentially expensive atmospheric vent line

19““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

Closed-Loop Systems

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““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

22““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

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Closed System

Advantages:• No flash steam loss• No need to run long expensive vent lines• No electric pump problems (seals, motors, cavitation etc.)

• Use a smaller pump than in a open system*• Return condensate hotter

Disadvantages:• Dedicated pump for a single piece of equipment• More complex to pipe• Can not use air as motive force

*May be possible to downsize a pump in a closed-loop system when system pressure may, at some point, exceed the back pressure.

23““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

24““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

Product Product RangeRange

• Single pump capacities from 350 lb/hr to 73,000 lb/hr

• Flash recovery vessels

• Electric condensate pumps

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““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

Rescue Cap™Rescue Cap™

• Fits Spirax Sarco PPC/PPF pumps.

• Watson McDaniel

• Spence

• Hoffman PCS

• Gestra FPS23

• Johnson

• Clark Reliance

26““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

Armstrong Stainless Steel Sump EjectorArmstrong Stainless Steel Sump Ejector

• Replaces standard electric sump pumps (must have high pressure steam available

• For steam pits, tunnels and enclosed spaces where ground or rain water can accumulate and requires pumping

• Can be used in any application where the water temperature will not exceed 140°F

• Great for locations that run underground steam lines where the drip traps are in tunnels or manholes

27““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

Armstrong AFT Vertical Flash VesselsArmstrong AFT Vertical Flash Vessels

• Excellent for providing low velocity flash steam with no water carryover

• ASME Sec. VIII U stamped to 150 PSI (other pressures upon request)

28““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

Packaged Packaged SolutionsSolutions

• Standard Packages

• Custom Fabrications

• ASME Packages

• Low Boy Solutions

• Vented Systems

• Closed-loop Systems

• Process Water Packages

and more…Closed-loop Low-Boy Receiver PackageClosed-loop Low-Boy Receiver Package

29““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

Common Industry Applications

Modulating Control

• Jacketed KettlesJacketed Kettles

• Process Air HeatingProcess Air Heating

• Tank HeatersTank Heaters

• Shell & Tube ExchangersShell & Tube Exchangers

• Process Media (water, oil, food etc.)Process Media (water, oil, food etc.)

Any steam consuming process heat exchanger utilizing…Any steam consuming process heat exchanger utilizing…

30““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong

““Expect many Expect many enjoyable experiencesenjoyable experiences!”!”David M. ArmstrongDavid M. Armstrong