2005-06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3)

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

2005-06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3)

Nutrition in IndiaDissemination Seminar onSubject Reports Findings



TopicsChildren’s nutrition

Nutritional statusAnaemiaChild feeding practicesMicronutrientsICDS food supplementation


Topics

Adult nutritionNutritional statusAnaemiaFood consumption


Undernutrition in Children under Age 5

Percent


Children’s Nutrition

Stunting and underweight in India are 20 times as high as

would be expected in a healthy, well-nourished population


Undernutrition in Children under Age 5INDIA

Percent

Undernutrition Among Children Under Five Years

47

1619

2022

2629

3236

3941

4445

4648

DR 2007Swaziland 2006-07Zimbabwe 2005-06

Cameroon 2004Kenya 2003

Malawi 2004Guinea 2005Nigeria 2003

Mali 2006Cambodia 2005-06

Ethiopia 2005Madagascar 2003-4

Niger 2006Nepal 2006

Bangladesh 2007India 2005-06

Prevalence of under-weight is higher in India than in any of the other 40 countries with DHS surveys in the last 5 years.

Percent underweight (NCHS/WHO Growth Reference)



Percent


47

1619

2022

2629

3236

3941

4445

4648








Prevalence of under-weight higher in India than in any of the other 40 countries with DHS surveys in the last 5 years.



Trends in Undernutrition (children under age 3)

Percent


Underweight by Wealth Quintiles

Percent



Percent


47

1619

2022

2629

3236

3941

4445

4648










Poor Nutrition as a Contributing Factor to Under-Five Mortality

Contribution to Under-5 Mortality

Severe malnutrition 11%

Mild to moderate malnutrition

43%

Neonatal deaths

Malaria

Measles

Other causes

Diarrhoea

ARI

Poor nutrition contributes to 54% of deaths under age 5


Recommended and Actual Breastfeeding Practices

• Goal: Initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth• Achievement: 25%

• Goal: No prelacteal feeding• Achievement: 43%

• Goal: Exclusive breastfeeding (6 months)• Achievement: 46%


Recommended and Actual Breastfeeding Practices (contd.)

• Goal: Timely complementary feeding (age 6-8 months)

• Achievement: 53%

• Goal: Feed breast milk or milk products, and feed a minimum number of times from a minimum number of food groups (age 6-23 months) • Achievement: 21%

These are recommended IYCF feeding practices


Micronutrient Intake

• Goal: Vitamin A supplements every 6 months from 9 months to 3 years• Achievement: 25%

• Goal: Universal salt iodization• Achievement: 47% of children

live in households using adequately iodized salt


Anaemia among Children Age 6-35 Months

Percent


ICDS Utilization

72% of NFHS-3 enumeration areas were covered by an anganwadi centre (AWC)

Although ICDS coverage is fairly high, only 28% of children under age 6 years received any service from an AWC in the last year


How Many Children Receive Services from an AWC?

33

2623

20 18 16

05

101520253035404550

Percent of age-eligible children in areas with an AWC


Adult NutritionThe poor nutrition conditions of young children in India have received much attention recently, but adults are also experiencing a variety of nutritional problems


Percentage of Adults Age 15-49 Malnourished

36

20

13

34

149

05

101520253035404550

Too thin Moderately or severely thin

Overweight or obese

Women Men

In the highest wealthquintile, 31% of women

are overweight, including 8% who are obese


INDIA Nagpur Indore Mumbai Delhi Kolkata Meerut Hy-der-abad

Chennai0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

13

1922

27 2730 30

33

39Women age 15-49

Percentage of Women Overweight or Obese

Even in the slums, 19-39% of women are overweight/obese



Percent


47

1619

2022

2629

3236

3941

4445

4648










Trends in Malnutrition Among Ever-married Women 15-49 Years

36

11

53

33

15

52

Too thin Overweight/obese Normal weight

NFHS-2 NFHS-3Percent


Dual Burden of Malnutrition

Percent of women age 15-49


Anaemia in Women and Men



Consumption of Meat, Chicken or Fish

Women Men7 7

29 3432 3533 24

NeverOccasionallyWeeklyDaily

Percent of women and men age 15-49



Percent


47

1619

2022

2629

3236

3941

4445

4648










50 percent or more 20-49 percentHaryana (88%)Rajasthan (75%)Punjab (75%)Gujarat (70%)

Madhya Pradesh (57%)Himachal Pradesh (64%)Delhi (52%)

Uttar PradeshUttarkhandMaharashtra

KarnatakaJammu & KashmirChhattisgarh

10-19 percent Less than 10 percentBiharSikkim

JharkhandTamil NaduAndhra PradeshOrissaGoa

KeralaAssamWest BengalArunachal PradeshTripura

MizoramManipurMeghalayaNagaland

Vegetarianism Among Women 15-49 Years

Percent of women who never eat meat, chicken, or fish


ConclusionsChildren in India suffer from some of the highest levels of stunting, wasting and underweight in the world, and the situation has not improved markedly in recent years.

Anaemia levels among children are very high and they have actually increased since the time of NFHS-2.

Most recommended infant and young child feeding practices are widely ignored by parents.

The ICDS programme, which has been in operation for more than 30 years, has not been able to reduce malnutrition to acceptable levels in any state.


Conclusion

The adult population suffers from a dual burden of undernutrition and overweight/ obesity

Almost half of women and more than 40% of men in most population subgroups are either too thin or too fat


Policy and Program Messages

Disadvantaged groups have more serious nutrition problems than other groups, so targeted nutrition programmes are needed to improve their conditions.

Poverty is strongly related to malnutrition, but poverty reduction programmes alone will not eliminate nutritional deficiencies.

Nutritional problems are widespread even among the best educated and wealthiest groups, so programmes cannot ignore these groups.


Policy and Program Messages

Poor feeding practices for children have made it difficult to make solid improvements in the nutritional status of children, so education on proper infant and child feeding is vital.

Although overweight and obesity are much less of a problem in India than in more developed countries, this is a growing problem among adults, particularly in the cities. Programmes to prevent the spread of overweight and obesity need to be strengthened.

The coverage of the ICDS programme is quite good in most places, but improvements in the quality of ICDS services are needed to increase utilization.


There is no longer any doubt that nutritional problems in India need to be urgently

addressed. The good news is that health officials now seem energized to take on the

challenge and to implement innovative programmes to get results.

We all hope that NFHS-4 and other data collection efforts in the coming years will be able to document the fruits of these efforts.

Final Word


Thank You

2005-06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3)

Documents

children age

indiapercent nfhs

percent of age

undernutrition children

men nfhs

year nfhs

eligible children

percentage of adults