2004.03.09 SLIDE 1IS 257 – Spring 2004 PHP (and MySQL) University of California, Berkeley School of Information Management and Systems SIMS 257: Database.

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 1

PHP (and MySQL)

University of California, Berkeley

School of Information Management and Systems

SIMS 257: Database Management

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 2

Lecture Outline

• Review– Databases for Web Applications – Overview– ColdFusion– PHP – DiveShop in ColdFusion

• Introduction to ORACLE and SQL-Plus

• Assignment 3

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 3

Dynamic Web Applications 2

Server

database

CGI

DBMS

Web Server

Internet

Files

Clients

database

database

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 4

Server Interfaces

Adapted from John P Ashenfelter, Choosing a Database for Your Web Site

DatabaseWeb Server

Web ApplicationServer

Web DBApp

HTML

JavaScript

DHTML

CGI

Web Server API’s

ColdFusion PhP Perl

Java ASP

SQL

ODBCNative DBinterfaces JDBC

Native DB

Interfaces

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 5

Web Application Server Software

• ColdFusion

• PHP

• ASP

• All of the are server-side scripting languages that embed code in HTML pages

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 6

What ColdFusion is Good for

• Putting up databases onto the Web

• Handling dynamic databases (Frequent updates, etc)

• Making databases searchable and updateable by users.

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 7

Templates

• Assume we have a database named contents_of_my_shopping_cart.mdb -- single table called contents...

• Create an HTML page (uses extension .cfm), before <HEAD>...

• <CFQUERY NAME= ”cart" DATASOURCE=“contents_of_my_shopping_cart"> SELECT * FROM contents ; </CFQUERY>

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 8

Templates cont.

• <HEAD>• <TITLE>Contents of My Shopping Cart</TITLE>• </HEAD>• <BODY>• <H1>Contents of My Shopping Cart</H1>• <CFOUTPUT QUERY= ”cart">• #Item# • #Date_of_item# • $#Price# • </CFOUTPUT>• </BODY>• </HTML>

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 9

Templates cont.

Contents of My Shopping Cart

Bouncy Ball with Psychedelic Markings 12 December 1998 $0.25

Shiny Blue Widget 14 December 1998 $2.53

Large Orange Widget 14 December 1998 $3.75

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 10

CFIF and CFELSE

<CFOUTPUT QUERY= ”cart"> Item: #Item# <CFIF #Picture# EQ""> <IMG SRC=“generic_picture.jpg"> <CFELSE> <IMG SRC="#Picture#"> </CFIF></CFOUTPUT>

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 11

PHP

• PHP is an Open Source Software project with many programmers working on the code.– Commonly paired with MySQL, another OSS

project– Free– Both Windows and Unix support

• Estimated that more than 250,000 web sites use PHP as an Apache Module.

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 12

PHP Syntax

• Similar to ASP

• Includes most programming structures (Loops, functions, Arrays, etc.)

• Loads HTML form variables so that they are addressable by name

<HTML><BODY>

<?php

$myvar = “Hello World”;

echo $myvar ;

?>

</BODY></HTML>

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 13

Combined with MySQL

• DBMS interface appears as a set of functions:

<HTML><BODY><?php$db = mysql_connect(“localhost”, “root”);mysql_select_db(“mydb”,$db);$result = mysql_query(“SELECT * FROM employees”, $db);Printf(“First Name: %s \n”, mysql_result($result, 0 “first”);Printf(“Last Name: %s \n”, mysql_result($result, 0 “last”);?></BODY></HTML>

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 14

Lecture Outline



• Assignment 3

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 15

Today

• Getting started with ORACLE in SQL-- see assignment on website

• More on SQL and SQLPlus for data manipulation and modification

• Getting Started with ORACLE.

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 16

SELECT

• Syntax:– SELECT [DISTINCT] attr1, attr2,…, attr3 as

label, function(xxx), calculation, attr5, attr6 FROM relname1 r1, relname2 r2,… rel3 r3 WHERE condition1 {AND | OR} condition2 ORDER BY attr1 [DESC], attr3 [DESC]

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 17

CREATE SYNONYM

• CREATE SYNONYM newname FOR oldname;

• CREATE SYNONYM BIOLIFE for ray.BIOLIFE;

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 18

SELECT Conditions

• = equal to a particular value• >= greater than or equal to a particular value• > greater than a particular value• <= less than or equal to a particular value• <> not equal to a particular value• LIKE ‘%wom_n%’ (Note different wild card)• IN (‘opt1’, ‘opt2’,…,’optn’)

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 19

Aggregate Functions

• COUNT(dataitem)• AVG(numbercolumn)• SUM(numbercolumn)• MAX(numbercolumn)• MIN(numbercolumn)• STDDEV(numbercolumn)• VARIANCE(numbercolumn)

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 20

Numeric Functions

• ABS(n)• ACOS(n)• ASIN(n)• ATAN(n)• ATAN2(n, m)• CEIL(n)• COS(n)• COSH(n)

• ROUND(n)• SIGN(n)• SIN(n)• SINH(n)• SQRT(n)• TAN(n)• TANH(n)• TRUNC(n[,

m])

• EXP(n)• EXP(n)• FLOOR(n)• LN(n)• LOG(m,n)• MOD(n)• POWER(m,n)

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 21

Character Functions returning character values

• CHR(n)• CONCAT(char1,char2)• INITCAP(char)• LOWER(char)• LPAD(char, n,char2),

RPAD(char, n,char2)• LTRIM(char, n, cset),

RTRIM(char, n, cset)

• REPLACE(char, srch, repl)

• SOUNDEX(char)• SUBSTR(char, m, n)• SUBSTRB(char, m, n)• TRANSLATE(char,

from, to)• UPPER(char)

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 22

Character Function returning numeric values

• ASCII(char)• INSTR(char1,

char2[,m, n])• INSTRB(char1,

char2[,m, n])• LENGTH(char)• LENGTHB(char)

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 23

Date functions

• ADD_MONTHS(dt, n)• LAST_DAY(d)• MONTHS_BETWEEN(d1, d2)• NEW_TIME(d, z1, z2) -- PST, AST, etc. • NEXT_DAY(d, dayname)• ROUND(d, fmt) -- century, year etc.• SYSDATE• TRUNC(d, fmt) -- century, year, etc.

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 24

Conversion Functions

• CHARTOROWID(char)• CONVERT(char, dchar,

schar)• HEXTORAW(char)• RAWTOHEX(raw)• ROWIDTOCHAR(rowid)• TO_CHAR (date, fmt)• TO_DATE(char, fmt)

• TO_NUMBER(char,fmt)

• TO_MULTIBYTE(char)• TO_SINGLE_BYTE(ch

ar)

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 25

Create Table

• CREATE TABLE table-name (attr1 attr-type CONSTRAINT constr1 PRIMARY KEY, attr2 attr-type CONSTRAINT constr2 NOT NULL,…, attrM attr-type CONSTRAINT constref REFERENCES owner.tablename(attrname), attrN attr-type CONSTRAINT constrN CHECK (attrN = UPPER(attrN));

• Adds a new table with the specified attributes (and types) to the database.

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 26

Types

• VARCHAR2(size)• NUMBER(p, s)• LONG -- long char data• DATE -- from 4712BC to 4714 AD• RAW(size) -- binary• LONG RAW -- large binary• ROWID -- row reference• CHAR(size) -- fixed length characters

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 27

Alter Table

• ALTER TABLE table-name ADD COLUMN attr1 attr-type;

• ALTER TABLE table-name ADD COLUMN attr1 CONSTRAINT xxx constrainvalue;

• ALTER TABLE table-name MODIFY COLUMN attr1 optiontochange;

• … DROP COLUMN attr1;• Adds a new column to an existing database

table.

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 28

INSERT

• INSERT INTO table-name (attr1, attr4, attr5,…, attrK) VALUES (“val1”, val4, val5,…, “valK”);

• OR

• INSERT INTO table-name SELECT col1, col2, col3 as newcol2, col4 FROM xx, yy WHERE where-clause;

• Adds a new row(s) to a table.

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 29

DELETE

• DELETE FROM table-name WHERE <where clause>;

• Removes rows from a table.

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 30

UPDATE

• UPDATE tablename SET attr1=newval, attr2 = newval2 WHERE <where clause>;

• changes values in existing rows in a table (those that match the WHERE clause).

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 31

DROP Table

• DROP TABLE tablename;• Removes a table from the database.

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 32

CREATE INDEX

• CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX indexname ON tablename (attr1 [ASC|DESC][, attr2 [ASC|DESC], ...])

• Adds an index on the specified attributes to a table

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 33

System Information In ORACLE

• Find all of the tables for a user– SELECT * FROM ALL_CATALOG WHERE

OWNER = ‘userid’;– SELECT * FROM USER_CATALOG; (or CAT)

• Show the attributes and types of data for a particular table– DESCRIBE tablename;

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 34

Running commands

• Create file with SQL and SQLPlus commands in it.– Use a plain text editor and NOT a word

processor (or save as text only)

• Give the file the extension .sql

• From inside SQLPlus type – START filename

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 35

Simple formatting in SQLPlus

• SET PAGESIZE 500

• SET LINESIZE 79

• PROMPT stuff to put out to screen

• TTITLE “title to put at top of results”

• COLUMN col_name HEADING “New Name”

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 36

Outputting results as a file…

• SPOOL filename

• Commands

• SPOOL STOP– File will be created with everything between

the SPOOL commands

IS 257 – Spring 2004 2004.03.09 SLIDE 37

Lecture Outline



• Assignment 3

2004.03.09 SLIDE 1IS 257 – Spring 2004 PHP (and MySQL) University of California, Berkeley School of Information Management and Systems SIMS 257: Database.

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