20 th century architecture. De Stijl (style) Dutch “The style”, 20 th century art movement founded by painter Piet Mondrian who promoted utopian ideals.

20th century architecture

De Stijl (style)• Dutch “The style”, 20th century art

movement founded by painter Piet Mondrian who promoted utopian ideals and developed a simplified geometric style

• Open plan, flat color, geometric rectangular shape (like Mondrian’s paintings)

• Mondrian

De Stijl architecture:Gerrit Rietveld, Schroder House, Netherlands, 1924

Bauhaus (style)

• A school of art and design, promoting unity between architecture, art and design

• Like de stijl, bauhaus was rooted in utopian principles

• Avoids all embellishments• Simple and geometric

BauhausGropius, Shop Block at the Bauhaus, Germany, 1925-1926

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, model for glass skyscraper, Germany, 1922

International Style

• Bauhaus eventually became known as the International Style due to widespread popularity

• “machine for living”

Le Corbusier, Villa Savoye, France, 1929

Art Deco (America)

• America embraced Bauhaus, which rejected ornament, but also embraced other styles

• Universal term that applies to architecture, interior, furniture, jewelry, fashion etc.

• Streamlines, elongated look, symmetrical, simple flat shapes

• Chrysler Building has a diminishing fan design, streamlined and flat, popular design in 1920’s

William van Alen, Chrysler Building, NY NY 1928-1930

Prairie Style

• Associated with Frank Lloyd Wright, who believed architecture was natural and organic

• Roofs extend beyond the walls, non-symmetrical design, interacts with its natural surroundings

• Wandering plan, captures the expansive, natural environment

Frank Lloyd Wright, Robie House, Chicago, 1907-1909

Frank Lloyd Wright, Fallingwater, Bear Run, Pennsylvania, 1936-1939

Modernism

• Architecture style that developed after WWII• Concerned with formalism and simplicity• Buildings have intriguing organic sculptural

qualities

Frank Lloyd Wright, Guggenheim Museum, NY NY 1943-1959

Le Corbusier, Notre Dame du Haut, France, 1950-1955 (mountain top chapel, reflects the shape of praying hands, a doves wing and a ships prow)

Saarinen, TWA terminal, Kennedy Airport, NY, NY (design suggests expansive wings, movement and flight)

Utzon, Sydney Opera House, Australia, 1959-1972 (clusters of concrete shells, suggest buoyancy of seabird wings, billowing

sails on a ship)

Minimalist style of modern architecture

• Based on bauhaus style less is more• Powerful and heroic looking buildings in an

urban landscape• Giant corporate skyscrapers• Sleek, rigid, geometric

Mies van der Rohe & Philip Johnson, Seagram Building, NY, 1956-1958

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Sears Tower, Chicago, 1974

PostModernism (style)

• A rejection of the conservative style of modernism

• More expansive and inclusive in design• Can draw in some inspiration from the past,

such as Rome, temple designs etc.

Charles Moore, Piazza d’Italia, New Orleans, 1976-1980

Philip Johnson & John Burgee, AT&T (now Sony) Building, NY, 1978-1984 (more granite than glass, variation of a classical

pediment at the top)

Deconstructivism (style)

• Disorients the observer• Unstable, imbalance, assymmetry, irregularity

Behnisch, Hysolar Institute, Germany, 1987

Frank Gehry, Guggenheim Museum Bilbao Spain, 1997