Dr. Umer Farooq Ph.D. in Textile Machatronics from University of Leads, UKM.Sc. University of Leads, UKChartered Textile Technologist.8 years Research and Teaching Experience Specialization: Yarn Spinning TopicInnovation in Textiles: Trends and Challenges
Dr. Tahir ShahCMRI, University of Bolton, UK
Dr. Umer FarooqUniversity of Management and Technology, LahoreINNOVATION IN TEXTILES: Trends and Challenges
CONTENTS What is innovation? Innovation - The Global Textile Industry Pakistani Textile Industry Perspective Industry University Interaction The Way Forward Conclusions
INTRODUCTION The global textile industry is increasingly facing competition from low-wage countries
Innovations in the production, composition and application of new textiles will be able to create stability in this sector
New technologies in textile production and processing are driving innovation in high-tech textile products
New processes will lead to new products and hence to an expansion of the traditional textile industries, both in terms of supply and production
Increasing globalization, new technologies and a growing demand for new products are changing the textiles market.
What is Innovation?Innovation is not the product of logical thought, although the result is tied to logical structure"
Albert Einstein
A definition of Innovation! There are various definitions of innovation, depending on the context. Innovation is a process for transforming:
Research Based IdeasCommercial Value
TO GROW, COMPANIES NEED TO BREAK OUT OF A VICIOUS CYCLE OF COMPETETIVE BENCHMARKING AND IMMITATION
W.Chan Kim & Rene Mauborgne, Think for yourself Stop Copying a Rival, Financial Times, 08-11-03
INNOVATIONMain Objectives of Innovation
The Innovation ProcessAn innovation starts as a concept that is refined and developed before application.
BASIC RESEARCHAPPLIED RESEARCHPRODUCT DEVELOPMENT (Including market research)ADAPTATION AND MARKETING
Components of an Innovation System
Benefits of R&D
ResearchDevelopmentInvestment in InnovationNew Products/ ProcessesCompany ProfitsIncreased InvestmentConsumer Benefits and SatisfactionMore Jobs More Goods Higher GNP
The Textile industry is subject to strong pressures in a fast- changing business environment due to two main factors: Market volatility and Strong competition world-wide
The industry need to enhance its capability to produce and market high quality and added value products
This requires emphasis on new technology, design, marketing and management
Textile manufacturers must consider when/how to innovateTextile Industry: The need to Innovate
Size of Major Global Industrial Sectors
Annual Sales (US$ Bn)Military 800Machine construction 800Automotive 1100Chemicals 1320Textiles 1620Information technology 2850Tourism 2900
LEADERS IN TEXTILE INNOVATION: IndustriesLEADERS IN INNOVATION: Industries
Chart2
6
5
14
1
3
1
3
9
3
8
13
28
1
5
Sheet1
USA3
AUSTRIA3
BEGIUM10
DENMARK6
FRANCE3
GERMANY44
INDIA1
IRELAND1
ISRAEL2
NERHERLAND5
POLAND1
SWEDEN1
SWITZERLAND13
UK7
ASSOCIATIONS6
AUTOMOTIVE5
CHEMICAL14
CONSULTING1
ELECTRONICS3
FINANCIAL INST1
MEDICAL3
OTHER MANUFAC9
PRESS3
REFINEMENT8
RESEARCH INST13
TEXTILES/FIBRES28
TRADE1
WEARABLES5
Sheet1
Sheet2
Sheet3
LEADERS IN TEXTILE INNOVATION: COUNTRIES
Chart1
3
3
10
6
3
44
1
1
2
5
1
1
13
7
Sheet1
USA3
AUSTRIA3
BEGIUM10
DENMARK6
FRANCE3
GERMANY44
INDIA1
IRELAND1
ISRAEL2
NERHERLAND5
POLAND1
SWEDEN1
SWITZERLAND13
UK7
Sheet1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Sheet2
Sheet3
Some important market aspects
Market pull from fresh approach to future life styles/fashion Aging population better quality of life Changing market Changes in needs Highly functional sports and leisure wear Personal protection, safety and comfort Integration of textile technology, electronics and communication technologies
Increasing textile customer demands Hydrophobic Hydrophilic Anti-bacterial Barrier Breathability Antistatic Stretch Smart/Intelligent It is the consumer demand that leads to new innovative technologies and value added textile materials.
Water use, Energy useChemicals, Working conditions,Disposal, RecylingDynamic properties, Anti-microbialSelf-cleaning, Smart textiles, ComfortFlexibility: Small batches, Just in timeCustomized productionNew polymers, Renewable materials Factors impacting the future generation of textiles
Emerging finishing technologies for textiles Plasma technology Atmospheric and low-pressure Treatments
Microencapsulation technologyFunctional fabric finishing
NanotechnologyNano coating, Electrospinning
What is Nanotechnology?Nanotechnology deals with the science and technology at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers (nm).
1 Billion Nanometres = 1 Metre
100 nanometers presently is the practically attainable dimension for textile products and applications.
Growth of NanotechnologyThe nature of nanotechnology research and development suggests that nanomaterials production is going to impact every industry, including textiles.
Nanotechnology currently being developed and used
Nanotechnology can be used in engineering desired textile attributes:Fabric softness, durability, and breathability
Developing advanced performance characteristics, namely: Water repellency, fire retardancy, antimicrobial resistance, etc.
In the forms of:Polymeric nanofibresConjugate fibres containing nano-particlesTextile materials with nanofinishesTextile coatings containing nano-particles
Nanotechnology presents a tremendous opportunity for the global textile industry to generate new products that could energize the economy, solve major societal problems, revitalize existing industry, and create entirely new businesses.
Impact of Nanotechnology on Textiles IndustryA recent report shows that:
The global market for nanotechnology in the Textiles industry was around US$480 million in 2007.
A number of nano-based products have already been introduced to the sector including stain, water and fire resistant fabrics.
Nano-based products and processes will be worth US$4.9 billion to the Textiles industry by 2015.
Nearly 25% of all textiles products available in 2015 will incorporate some form of nanotechnology -hygiene area, which covers numerous markets from household care to leisure and consumer goods to healthcare.
Nanotechnology based applications such self-cleaning textiles as will start to make a major impact from 2011.
Nanotechnology: functional finishing
The functional finishing are processes which impart specific performance properties to fabrics For example finishes that: Improve comfort Improve ease of maintenance Improve durability Provide environmental protection Provide biological resistance Self-cleaning fibresSmall things can create big businesses !!!
Active Areas of Textile R&D: Functional Textiles
Fragrance release textiles Photocatalytic textile coatings Shape Memory Polymers for Intelligent textiles Self-Cleaning Fabrics Carbon Nanotubes for Electronic Textiles Multifunctional Coatings for Medical Textile Applications Textile switches and sensors, and electronic noses Bioactive wound dressings Electrically conductive textiles Stain and water repellent textiles Healing textiles
Applications of Nanotechnology Based Textiles
Innovation: A Pakistani Textile Industry Perspective
Pakistani textile industry is a major contributor to the economy of the country The sector has not yet realised its full potential The industry is still too traditionally minded The industry needs to take full advantage of the developments in the global arena
Pakistani Textile Industry: As It appears --
Chart1
2108
1005
2038
1382
1751
1309
200
257
220
Pakistan's Main Exports (2005-06) Values in Million US $ TOTAL EXPORT 10270 Million US $
Sheet1
Cotton Fabrics2108
Made-Ups (Incl. Towels)1005
Cotton Yarn2038
Bed Ware1382
Hosiery1751
Ready-Made Garments1309
Synthetic Textiles200
Carpets & Rugs257
Other Textiles220
Sheet2
Sheet3
Export of Textile Products from 1971 - 2006Source: Textile Commission Organisation -TCO / Central Statistics Office, Pakistan
Sheet1
PRDUCTION, EXPORTS & DOMESTIC REQUIREMENT OF CLOTH
Qty. in MillionSq.Mtrs
PERIODMILL SECTORNON-MILL SECTORTOTAL PRODUCTIONEXPORTSAVAILABLE FOR
LOCAL MARKET
QUANTITY% OF PROD.QUANTITY% OF PROD.
1971-72628.19722.481350.67409.8130.34940.8669.66
1972-73588.61649.51238.11517.9841.84672.654.32
1973-74592.171236.551828.72353.0219.31448.5879.21
1974-75555.861271.221827.08440.8124.131386.2675.87
1975-76520.44982.921503.36463.8430.851040.369.2
1976-77408.291037.011445.3416.8428.841028.4671.16
1977-78391.351181.721573.07453.4728.831119.671.17
1978-79339.351147.751487.1531.5335.74955.5764.26
1979-80342.331377.691720.02545.7731.731174.368.27
1980-81307.891526.111834500.927.311333.172.69
1981-82325.021875.422200.44584.3526.561616.0973.44
1982-83335.541713.232048.77605.3329.551443.4470.45
1983-84296.61869.382165.98664.3830.671501.669.33
1984-85271.831728.172000687.6234.381312.3865.62
1985-86253.481731.921985.4727.3536.631258.0563.37
1986-87238.171771.682009.85693.4234.51316.4365.5
1987-88281.621949.22230.82848.6138.041382.2161.96
1988-89269.861980.142250845.3337.571404.6762.43
1989-90294.842439.932734.771017.8737.221716.9762.78
1990-91292.912561.0928541056.5337.021797.4762.98
1991-92307.932931.063238.991196.1236.932042.8763.07
1992-93325.43034.633601127.5833.562232.4266.44
1993-94314.913063.0933781046.7930.992331.2169.01
1994-95321.842778.913100.751160.6637.431940.1262.57
1995-96326.983379.0237061323.0935.72382.9164.3
1996-97333.53447.73781.21257.4333.252523.7766.75
1997-98340.283573.423913.71271.2732.482642.4367.52
1998-99384.564002.234386.791355.1730.893031.6269.11
1999-00437.194549.974987.161574.8831.583412.2868.42
2000-01490.165101.245591.4173631.053855.468.95
2001-02568.435084.665653.091957.3534.623868.3868.43
2002-03582.145068.385650.522005.3835.493645.1464.51
2003-04683.395051.96833.122412.8735.314420.2564.69
2004-05924.6755566480.672751.5642.463729.1157.54
2005-06915.265984.7469002653.2938.454246.7161.55
Chart1
24.55.4
28.85.9
25.47.1
14.18
25.65.8
14.65.8
8.34.5
115.9
11.84.5
11.75.9
10.66.6
13.56.5
14.87.3
9.26
14.56.5
17.15.7
16.75.8
18.36.2
22.66.1
29.47.1
30.47.6
35.17.4
34.86.4
27.46.3
27.95.9
30.18.3
25.87
23.810.4
26.113
27.39.7
26.99.3
279.1
23.89.9
27.19.2
Pak. Cotton Yarn Export (2004) :482200 Metric Tones (32% of the total production)
Pak. Cotton Cloth Export (2004): 282200 Metric Tones(40% of the total prod.)
COTTON YARN
COTTON CLOTH
Period
Share in World Export %
Pakistan's share in the world export of cotton yarn and cotton fabric(Source: Textile Commission Organisation -TCO / Central Statistics Office, Pakistan )
Sheet2
PAKISTAN SHARE OF TEXTILES IN WORLD TRADE
(000 Metric Tons)
PreiodCOTTON CLOTH
WORLD EXPORTPAKISTAN EXPORTPAK SHARE IN WORLD EXPORT %WORLD EXPORTPAKISTAN EXPORTPAK SHARE IN WORLD EXPORT %PeriodCOTTON YARNCOTTON CLOTH
1971446.9109.624.5901.548.45.41971446.9109.6197124.55.4
1972558.7160.728.8982.758.15.91972558.7160.7197228.85.9
1973579.1146.925.41,042.2073.87.11973579.1146.9197325.47.1
1974529.974.614.196977.581974529.974.6197414.18
197559715325.6965.156.25.81975597153197525.65.8
1976655.495.914.684148.85.81976655.495.9197614.65.8
1977565.446.78.3816.6374.51977565.446.719778.34.5
1978683.674.911869.651.65.91978683.674.91978115.9
1979753.588.811.81,305.7058.74.51979753.588.8197911.84.5
1980828.697.211.71,311.90785.91980828.697.2198011.75.9
1981796.484.610.61,292.0085.66.61981796.484.6198110.66.6
1982834.1112.513.51,323.6086.66.51982834.1112.5198213.56.5
1983958.5141.614.81,477.20107.37.31983958.5141.6198314.87.3
19841,022.4093.99.21,641.0097.8619841,022.4093.919849.26
19851,000.20145.214.51,643.50106.26.519851,000.20145.2198514.56.5
19861,187.20202.517.11,869.00105.85.719861,187.20202.5198617.15.7
19871,455.80243.416.72,112.70122.85.819871,455.80243.4198716.75.8
19881,286.60235.518.31,990.70123.86.219881,286.60235.5198818.36.2
19891,465.50331.322.62,271.601396.119891,465.50331.3198922.66.1
19901,484.50436.129.42,203.80156.37.119901,484.50436.1199029.47.1
19911,559.70474.230.42,221.00169.87.619911,559.70474.2199130.47.6
19921,627.80571.535.12,402.20178.87.419921,627.80571.5199235.17.4
19931,628.80567.434.82,540.30161.76.419931,628.80567.4199334.86.4
19941,942.80532.427.42,680.60170.16.319941,942.80532.4199427.46.3
19951,816.4050727.92,733.70160.85.919951,816.40507199527.95.9
19961,890.00569.630.12,644.30219.38.319961,890.00569.6199630.18.3
19971,950.10502.425.82,759.80194.3719971,950.10502.4199725.87
19981,763.40420.323.81,781.30185.610.419981,763.40420.3199823.810.4
19991,746.70455.126.11,776.00230.91319991,746.70455.1199926.113
20001956.6534.127.32571.8249.89.720001956.6534.1200027.39.7
20012090561.326.929122719.320012090561.3200126.99.3
20022043550.7273274299.29.120022043550.72002279.1
20032120503.523.828562839.920032120503.5200323.89.9
20041783482.427.13065282.29.220041783482.4200427.19.2
Chart2
127.581.51.96.10.93.23.2
200.5126.82.371.33.36.2
189.5143.97.516.34.98.68.3
92.3132.622.415.65.614.410.3
145137.525.118.33.721.510.2
118.41622514.23.330.411.8
107175.92612.94.830.49.8
197.6215.727.721.27.938.112.3
205.9244.131.726.51253.920
207241.465.347.920.675.223.2
196.7279.564.342.935.894.228.5
247.3281.493.839.167.5122.736.5
217.6360.264.146.653.3162.456
260.4305.949.649.75113242.6
279.2314.831.167.590.1206.154.6
506.1345.323.483.9123.9355.296.6
541485.430.3117.4136.9349.9134.3
600.8464.841.1140.4147.9335.5166.9
833.755928.8129.8190.8393.7273.7
1183675.879.6129.4246.2497.1333.6
1172.5819.451.2136.7284613.5425.1
1121.5863.139.9139351.6617.7464.1
1259.3820.629.1129.2285.6612.2509.1
1528.11081.438.2144.8340.2641.7688.5
1540.31275.939.5174.1422.2648.5703.4
1411.51262.436.2194.1456.3736.4688.9
1159.51250.358.1200.1508.8746.5696.7
945.21115.240.8177.7611651.2742.1
1071.61096.252.9195.6709.9771.7886.7
1076.6103550243734.9827.5910.3
942.31132.747.4269.8918.5882841.5
928.31345.673.2374.813291092.61146.6
11271711.77540413839931459
1057186367520145010881635
1383210839588203813101751
Cotton Yarn
Cotton Cloth
Tents and Canvas
Towels
Bed Wear
Garments
Hoisery
Period
Value in Million US $
Sheet3
EXPORT OF COTTON & COTTON MANUFACTURES
(Million US $)
COTTON MANUFACTURESCOTTON & COTTON WASTE
% OF TOTAL EXPORT% OF TOTAL EXPORT
PERIODCOTTONCOTTONTENT &COTTONTOWELSBEDOTHERGARMENTSHOSIERYTHREADCOTTONTOTALCOTTONCOTTONCOTTONCOTTONCOTTONCOTTONCOTTON
YARNCLOTHCANVASBAGSWEARMADE-UPSMANUF-EXPORTMANUF-ACTUREYARNCLOTHWASTEWASTE
ACTURE
1971-72127.581.51.91.26.10.91.23.23.22.3229590.738.821.613.8200.54.933.90.8
1972-73200.5126.82.34.571.30.93.36.23.2356817.343.624.515.5106.13130.4
1973-74189.5143.97.58.116.34.94.58.68.35.3396.91026.438.718.51434.23.53.30.3
1974-7592.3132.622.47.215.65.63.714.410.35.8309.9103929.88.912.8157.91.915.20.2
1975-76145137.525.17.918.33.7521.510.24378.21136.733.312.812.196.61.18.50.1
1976-77118.4162258.314.23.33.830.411.84.4381.61100.834.710.814.729.32.42.70.2
1977-78107175.926912.94.82.930.49.87.1385.81311.129.48.213.4112.41.68.60.1
1978-79197.6215.727.711.221.27.95.438.112.35.8542.91709.631.811.612.666.61.53.90.1
1979-80205.9244.131.721.226.5123.953.9207.1626.32364.726.58.710.3337.51.914.30.1
1980-81207241.465.335.747.920.611.175.223.210.1737.52957.524.978.2525.61.917.80.1
1981-82196.7279.564.331.442.935.89.794.228.57.7790.7249031.87.911.2278.51.111.20
1982-83247.3281.493.817.939.167.519.5122.736.512.8938.52707.734.79.110.4306.36.411.30.2
1983-84217.6360.264.115.546.653.322.9162.4568.61007.22768.136.47.913132.414.54.80.5
1984-85260.4305.949.612.149.75129.213242.64.8937.32491.237.610.512.3279.29.111.20.4
1985-86279.2314.831.19.567.590.152.2206.154.63.81108.93069.836.19.110.3513.35.316.70.2
1986-87506.1345.323.48.183.9123.951.1355.296.63.31596.93686.443.313.79.4446.55.912.10.2
1987-88541485.430.312.3117.4136.964.1349.9134.33.81875.54454.642.112.110.96109.213.70.2
1988-89600.8464.841.113.5140.4147.958.8335.5166.931972.84661.542.312.910929.612.319.90.3
1989-90833.755928.813.4129.8190.878.2393.7273.732504.24954.350.516.811.344327.88.90.6
1990-911183675.879.620.5129.4246.2108.9497.1333.63.43277.46133.153.419.311411.855.56.70.9
1991-921172.5819.451.232.4136.7284113.5613.5425.13.73652.1690452.91711.9518.359.77.50.9
1992-931121.5863.139.923.7139351.6125.5617.7464.14.83750.96813.555.116.512.7270.849.340.7
1993-941259.3820.629.117.3129.2285.6129.4612.2509.143795.86802.555.818.512.179.562.11.20.9
1994-951528.11081.438.219.1144.8340.2163.5641.7688.51.94647.58137.257.118.813.362.163.20.80.8
1995-961540.31275.939.524.6174.1422.2179.1648.5703.41.55009.18707.157.517.714.7506.857.25.80.7
1996-971411.51262.436.227.6194.1456.3208.7736.4688.91.75023.88320.360.41715.230.741.80.40.5
1997-981159.51250.358.123.1200.1508.8245.8746.5696.71.84890.78627.756.713.414.5126.142.21.50.5
1998-99945.21115.240.820.8177.7611255.3651.2742.11.54560.87779.358.612.214.32.328.100.4
1999-001071.61096.252.919.2195.6709.9307.6771.7886.71.35112.78568.659.712.512.872.636.40.80.4
2000-011076.610355019243734.9328.2827.5910.315225.59224.756.611.711.2138.1391.50.4
2001-02942.31132.747.418.2269.8918.5351.3882841.5-54049123.659.210.312.424.541.70.20.4
2002-03928.31345.673.218.2374.81329359.71092.61146.6-666811160.259.78.312.149..0470.40.4
2003-0411271711.7751840413834179931459-7587.71231.361.69.213.948500.30.4
2004-0510571863670520145046610881635081461439156.67.312.911000.70
2005-0613832108390588203841813101751-96351645158.68.412.868-0.4-
(US $ 10.211 BExports US $ 10.211 BN (62.1% OF TOTAL EXPORTS) Manufacturing46% OF TOTAL MANUFACTURING
Employment38% OF TOTAL LABOUR FORCE
GDP8.5% OF TOTAL GDP
Contribution to R&DRS 263 MILLION (
Global R&D spending targets
Country/regionR&D intensity in 2002 (Per cent of GDP)R&D targetTarget dateEuropean Union1.853.0percent of GDP2010Austria2.122.5percent of GDP2006Canada1.96Top 5 in OECD2010Germany2.533.0percent of GDP2010Korea2.53Significant > (x2)2007Norway1.67At least OECD average2005India0.8?????2010China1.23Significant >2010Pakistan
Innovation Index of selected countries in a study conducted in 2009 of 82 countries across the world. Patents data are averaged over 2004-07 and expressed as patents per million population for each country- Economist 2009
Countries
Innovation Performance
Patents
per
million
Innovation
Performance
Index
Rank
Japan
1274.533
10
1
Switzerland
505.839
9.71
2
Finland
363.289
9.5
3
USA
359.84
9.5
4
Singapore
111.37
8.75
16
UK
105.211
8.72
18
China
0.529
5.39
54
India
0.467
5.31
56
Pakistan
0.015
3.13
77
Economist 2009Innovation Performance Index of selected countries over a period of 5 years (2009 to 2013)
Countries
Innovation Performance
Expected
Innovation
Performance
Index
Rank
Growth %
Expected in
next 5
Years
Expected
Change
in Rank
China
5.98
46
11
8
India
5.72
52
7.7
4
Pakistan
3.42
77
9.1
0
(US $ 10.211 BCMRI Bolton University: Examples of Current Innovative R&D Wound dressings/bandages Wearable devices (Breast Cancer Detection) Active cooling fabrics Conducting flexible materials Auxetic Fibres Ballistic protection composite Hybrid geotextiles Nanocomposites
(US $ 10.211 BPakistan Textile Industry: The Way Forward Pakistani textile industry must adopt a fresh approach to technology adoption
The companies and government need to invest resources into R&D
Develop the ability to create specialized products
These could include textiles made using new technologies woven, knitting, nonwoven, etc.
New products surgical gowns, geotextiles, fabrics used in agriculture, high-fashion apparel, and fire-resistant work-wear.
The textile industry should be a knowledge-intensive industry - willing to look for and apply knowledge
Trying to match low-wage countries with low cost production - Surely a losing strategy.
(US $ 10.211 B
Pakistan Textile Industry: What is needed?
Improve infrastructure services as a foundation for technology development Improve higher education in science and engineering Link universities with private sector activities Breakdown barriers between university departments Promote innovative activities in science & technology Improve policy to create/promote innovative environment Focus on strategic and under-funded research areas
(US $ 10.211 B
Pakistan Textile Industry: Some Specific Actions
Establish Centres of Excellence> Education> R&D> Targeted workshops/training programmes Focus on new and emerging technologies> Technical textiles> Nonwovens> Medical Textiles> Geotextiles> Nanotechnology > Effluent minimisation and treatment/disposal
(US $ 10.211 BInnovation: Industry-University Interaction Benefits of universities, industry and society working together: Sponsored research projects: funding, equipment and resource donations Shared knowledge Source of employment New idea generation Universities and industrial organisations have much to gain from each other There is a strong need to improve interaction between these two important sectors This will enhance innovative activities in the textile sector An effective mechanism is needed to nurture this interaction
(US $ 10.211 BCONCLUSIONS
Innovation has become the major driving force in economic growth and social development in the West. This is reflected by the fact that Western countries are promoting innovation as one of their core strategies. Providing support for activities and initiatives that promote an innovative and knowledge driven economy.
A Final Thought !!!!!There are three kinds of organizations:
Those that resist change
Those that accept change
Those that seek change
Surely Allah does not change the condition of a people until they change their own condition.[Al-Qur'an (13:11) ]
INNOVATION IS NOT AN ABSOLUTE NECESSITY BUT THEN NEITHER IS SURVIVAL!Thank you
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