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Jan 22, 2016
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StormwaterWaterQuality
Land & Water
Bay Issues Stewardship
When it rains, all of the land that drains into a particular stream or water body is called
What
is a
Watershed?
A surface that water can’t
drain through, such as a
parking lot or a roof,
is called.....
What is an
impervious
surface?
Scientists develop accurate estimates of the number of crabs in the Bay by sampling during winter when blue crabs are
buried in the mud.
Which two years showed the greatest decline AND what are two factors affecting crab
populations?Total Number of Crabs in the Bay
What are
1999 & 2001?Crab populations decline due to:
• habitat degradation (i.e. loss of underwater grass beds)• harvesting pressure/economics• predation (e.g. striped bass) • climatic changes
2008 management efforts of controlled catch
limits and specific closed harvest dates have
resulted in blue crab increases in 2009 & 2010!
Storm drains lead directly into..
What are creeks or streams?
Never throw anything down a storm
drain!
Businesses, farmers & even homeowners can help reduce
run off by using Best M______________ ______________.
What are
Best Management Practices (BMPs)?
Pooping in stream! Fence needed!
Ex: sediment retention ponds, silt fence, filter strips, rain gardens... These keep soil, oil vehicle fluids,
pesticides, excess fertilizer and manure from running off land into water bodies.
Because they don’t move far, studying the diversity &
abundance of snails, crustaceans, insects & worms is a good way to measure the health of streams & rivers. These bottom-dwelling
organismsare called
_____ _____________ .
What are
Benthic Macroinvertebrates?
Worms, crabs, fish and other
invertebrates extract this gas
from water flowing over their gills.
What
is
Dissolved Oxygen?
This pollutant is one of the largest contributors to the
poor water quality in the Bay. Because the particles are so small, they’re carried long distances during storms.
What is
Sediment?
Cloudy water blocks the light reaching Bay grasses, thus young fish and crabs
have no where to hide from predators.
Too much ___________ and __________
(plant nutrients) can cause algae blooms.
What are nitrogen and phosphate?
As algae die, they sink to the bottom where decomposing
bacteria feed on them. These bacteria use up dissolved oxygen necessary for life
underwater making it difficult for other organisms to survive
(anoxia) .
What is the best way to keep the soil on this farm from washing down the
hill into a stream?
What is
plant a cover crop?
The roots of this crops hold soil particles on site, reducing erosion and run off into streams.
Suburban sprawl leads to more impervious surfaces. When rain
hits these surfaces, what increases and ends up in the Bay?
What is stormwater runoff?
During what time of the day is dissolved During what time of the day is dissolved oxygen the lowest? Explain why.oxygen the lowest? Explain why.
Potomac River Percent Dissolved Oxygen (%) %
Dis
solv
ed O
xyg
en S
atu
rati
on
Daily Double
Daily Double
Algae & aquatic plants produce dissolved oxygen during Algae & aquatic plants produce dissolved oxygen during photosynthesisphotosynthesis.
What is 6am or early morning?
Dissolved Oxygen(DO) is used by living organisms during the day & night for
cellular respiration. DO is not produced by algae & aquatic plants at night.
In the jar shown, a sample of soil from a stream bed was mixed with stream
water and then allowed to settle for 24 hours. The jar serves as a model for
what process?
What is deposition of
sediment?
Making sure stream banks and shorelines have plants with deep roots, helps to reduce erosion
The gravitational force between Earth
and the Moon is responsible for the ________(s) in the
Chesapeake Bay .
What are tides?
Most water leaves the Chesapeake Bay through evaporation and returns to the Bay through _______________
What is precipitation?
What is the largest nutrient source that’s placed on the land in our
watershed?
What is
Manure?
Wastewater discharged from _________
_______________ __________ is the second largest
source of nitrogen pollution in the Bay.
What are Sewage Treatment
Plants?
When~12 million of the 17 million residents of the Bay watershed flush their toilets, the wastewater goes to STPs, which discharge into the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. More then 2/3 of these STPs don’t remove the nitrogen effectively.
What grade did the closest tributary to your school receive in 2009? Was this a health
increase or decrease?
What Is the Potomac River
received a ‘C’?
Potomac River health increased from a ‘C-’ in
2008The overall health of Chesapeake Bay, assessed
using water quality and biotic indicators, wasthe best it has been since 2002.
The Chesapeake
Bay watershed is home to over
17 million people and covers how
many states?
What is...Six?
Delaware, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia — and the entire District of Columbia.
_________ are transitional zones between land and water. They
provide critical habitats for bird, amphibians, mammals and
invertebrates and filter pollutants.
What are Wetlands?
Stormwater runoff from urban and suburban lands, is the fastest-growing source of
pollution to the Bay. Wetlands help filter pollutants and sediment from run off.
Wetlands of any size are important habitats.
Planting ______ is one of the best ways to
reduce the amount of stormwater running off
your schoolyard.
What are
Trees?
By adding nutrient rich compost to your lawn & garden, your soil will be healthier and you can eliminate the need for
____________.
What is
Fertilizer?
Fertilizer contains nitrogen and phosphorus which when used in excess, can run off into nearby streams and on to the Bay. Natural organic based slow –release are best. Adding organic
material is better!
Before you apply any fertilizer to
your lawn or garden, what should you
do first?
What is.... Test Your Soil?
You want to know exactly what nutrients are present before you considered adding more. VA
Tech Cooperative Extension offers soil testing for the whole state.
A _________ garden is an area of land designed to retain
stormwater and slowly release it to the groundwater.
What is a Rain Garden?
Rain gardens allow stormwater from impervious surfaces to be absorbed. Pollutants like motor oil,
antifreeze, fertilizer and sediment will soak into the ground and not flow into local streams.
Can high school students report erosion & sediment control
violations on a construction site in Prince William County?
What is YES!
The Pr. Wm. County Dept. of Public Works is happy to hear from all citizens. An inspection
will be sent out to investigate the violation.
http://www.pwconserve.org/whotocontact.html#cbrb