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2 Plasma Technology - T-Pot · PDF file1. introduction to plasma technology 2. applications of plasma on textiles 3. current research of plasma applied to textiles 4. plasma in the
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Products and services products and services
tecnology technology technoloy technologybusiness development business development business
new markets new markets new markets new markets
Innovation Innovation Innovation Innovationresearch research research research research
www.leitat.orgT-POT PROJECT 18th June 2009 Terrassa (Spain)
PLASMA TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO TEXTILES
UNLOCKING THE CROATIAN TEXTILE RESEARCH POTENTIALS
Partially ionized gas composed of electrons, ions, photons, atoms and molecules, with negative global electric charge
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
Ionization
Molecules Atoms
By energy transfer (E, B, accelerated e-)
Tequiv.> 100.000 ºC
1.2. GENERATION OF PLASMA
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
ElectronsIonsFotonsÀtomsMolècules
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.3. COMPOSITION OF PLASMA
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.4. CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETERS OF PLASMA
• Density (Ne)
• Ion density
• Electron temperature
• Ion temperature
• Interactions (collisions)
• Plasma potential
Thermal plasma: Te = Tion = Tgas
Cold plasma: Te >> Tion = Tgas
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.5. CATEGORIES OF PLASMAS
1) Inclusion
2) Sputtering
3) Etching
4) Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD)
5) and 6) Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD)
7) Chemical functionalization
8) Grafting
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.6. EFFECTS PRODUCED BY PLASMA
ON THE SURFACE OF MATERIALS
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
ON THE SURFACE OF TEXTILES
Sputtering/Etching Activation Breaking of chains Grafting Polymerization
Improving of the wettability
Introduction of polar groups on surface
Removal of superficial impurities (hydrophobic layers)
Modification of surface roughness
Plasma
Introduction of new properties using:
• Coatings
• Nanocoatings
1.6. EFFECTS PRODUCED BY PLASMA
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.7. TYPES OF PLASMA PROCESSES
SURFACE CLEANING BY PLASMA
• Removal of superficial organic compounds by sputtering (Ar plasma) and etching (O2, air plasmas)
• Metallic oxides reduction by Ar/H2 plasmas
• Plasma sterilization by UV, sputtering and etching
• Examples on textiles: desizing or scouring by plasma treatments, sterilization of textiles
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.7. TYPES OF PLASMA PROCESSES
SURFACE ACTIVATION BY PLASMA
• Free-radicals and/or reactive chemical functionalities on surface
• Modification of surface roughness
• Associated ageing or non-permanent properties
• Examples on textiles: antifelting and antishrinkage of wool, hydrophilic polyester filters, antipilling wool and cotton
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.7. TYPES OF PLASMA PROCESSES
PLASMA PRE-TREATMENTS
• Physicochemical cleaning of the surface
• Generally hydrophilic properties are conferred by increasing roughness and chemical functionalization
• Surface activation before dyeing, printing, coating, lamination or other finishing processes
• Examples on textiles: increase of dyeability and printability, improve the absorption properties
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.7. TYPES OF PLASMA PROCESSES
SURFACE GRAFTING INDUCED BY PLASMA
• Free-radicals and/or reactive chemical functionalities on surface
• Surface activation before impregnation in a solution of the monomer
• Examples on textiles: functional coatings according to the molecule grafted to the textile surface (hydrophobic, hydrophilic, antibacterial, antistatic, etc.)
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.7. TYPES OF PLASMA PROCESSES
PLASMA POLYMERIZATION
• Two stages of process:1) Plasma activation, using non-polymerizing gases (Ar, O2, N2, air, He, etc.)2) Plasma polymerization, using polymerizing gases (SF6, CH4) or vapours of monomers (C6F14, HMDSO AAc)
• Formation of nanocoatings on the surface by low-temperature and dry processes
• Examples on textiles: functional coatings according to the precursor polymerized onto the textile surface (hydrophobic, hydrophilic, antibacterial, antistatic, etc.)
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.7. TYPES OF PLASMA PROCESSES
PLASMA FIXATION
• Impregnation of the textiles in a precursor solution before plasma treatments
• Formation of a polymeric coating generally by free-radical addition polymerization using plasma of a non-polymerizing gas
Using polymerizing gases/vapours(PECVD) or targets (PVD)
Nanometric layers
New or improved properties
Permanent hydrophilic/hydrophobic characterModifying water permeability according to pHIncrease of the adhesion of finishing productsAntimicrobialBiocompatibilityIncrease of the abrasion resistanceIncrease of the tensile strengthDrug delivery (salicylic acid, etc.)Optical properties