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Introduction toRobotics
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What is Robot?
An electromechanical device which is capable ofreacting in some way to its environment, andtake autonomous decisions or actions in order toachieve a specific task.
A toaster, a lamp, or a car would not beconsidered as robots since they have no way ofperceiving their environment.
A vacuum cleaner that can navigate around aroom, or a solar panel that seeks the sun, canbe considered as a robotic system.
Any solely remote controlled device would notfall under this definition and would be closer to amore complex remote controlled car.
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Robotic Benefits
Robotics incorporates aspects of many disciplinesincluding engineering (mechanical, electrical,
computer), sciences (mathematics and physics)
and arts (aesthetics) and users are free to usetheir imagination.
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Purpose of Robot Building
Knowledge : learn how to use individualcomponents with the objective of buildingyour own knowledge library to use to
undertake a larger, more complex design
in the future Amusement: Amusing others with your
creations (especially if they are user-friendly and interactive) helps others tobecome interested in the field.
Competitions: Competitions give theproject design guidelines and a due date.They also put your robot against othersin the same class and test your designand construction skills.
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Purpose of Robot Building(Cont)
Autonomous Life Form : Humans arenatural creators and innovators. The nextgreat innovation will be to develop a fullyautonomous life form that rivals or
surpasses ourselves in ability andperhaps creativity.
Domestic/Professional Tasks: helpliberate people from unpleasant ordangerous tasks and give them more
liberty and security. Security/Surveillance: Venture into areas
where humans either should not orcannot go (semi-autonomous or fullyautonomous).
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Our Workshop Robot
Focus is on knowledge and amusement of overallinnovation and creativity.
Utilizes participant knowledge in order to get an
understanding of motors, sensors, microcontrollers andprogramming.
Weve kept the overall cost of the robot project at a
minimal as to encourage everybody to built their ownrobot/s after the workshop has concluded.
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Robotic Platform
Types: Land wheeled, tracked, and legged robots
Aerial planes, helicopters, and blimp
Aquatic boats, submarines, and swimming robots
Misc. and mixed robots Stationary robot arms, and manipulators
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2WD Robotic Platform
The workshop utilizes a twowheel drive robotic platform
Can accommodate a variety of
sensors and actuator Well suited with Arduino Romeo
or Uno with motor drive shield
Smaller size for better testingopportunities (tabletop)
Allows improvements, additionsand rework
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Motors (Actuators)
Actuators: Converts energy tophysical motion.
Types of actuators:
AC Motor
DC Motor (speed) Geared DC Motor (torque)
R/C and Industrial Servo Motors
Stepper Motor
DC Linear Actuator
Solenoids
Pneumatic & Hydraulic
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Actuator Selection
Is the actuator used to move awheeled robot
Lifting or turn a heavy weight
(speed vs torque) Limited range of motion
(degrees)
Precise angle of movement
Straight line motion (linear)
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DC Motor - Micro MetalGearmotor (50:1)
The workshop providesthe following motor:
13000 rpm @ No load
50:1 Gear ratio 260 rpm @ 6V
40mA @ 6V
360mA stall current @
6V 10 oz inches torque @
6V
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RC Servo Motor
Servos allow a movementrange of 0 to 180degrees.
Operating voltage is 6Vdcmax.
Speed 0 deg to 180 degin 1.5 seconds onaverage.
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Assembling 2WD Robot
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