2 Human Memory Handouts

8/9/2019 2 Human Memory Handouts

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Human Memory


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Storage and Encoding

Storage putting new

inormation

My !irthday is "anuary

#$, #%

Encoding Store the inormation more'uic(ly

)hanging the orm oinormation

My *+M pin code is##$

Simpliying the inormation

Mr- . /ust came !ac( rom)hicago, 0ew 1or(, and

)aliornia

1ou (now that he camerom the 2S !ut you mayorget the states that he3isited


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William "ames4 ater image, primarymemory, and secondary memory

5ichard *t(inson and 5ichardShifrin4 dual store model


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)haracteristics o the Sensory5egister

)apacity4 unlimited, !rie

6orms o storage4 holds inormation

!eore it is encoded 7uration4 how long? 3isual 3s-

auditory


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0ature o *ttention

Selecti3e attention

)oc(tail party phenomenon

Shadowing 6ilter 8analogy9 +:;

Limited processing capacity


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*ttention

Motion

Si

ze

INTENSITY

!!!!Novelty

In c on gruit y Emtin


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Short4+erm> Wor(ingMemory

Where thin(ing occurs Sensory register4 what warrants attention

Sa3es the inormation or a longer periodo time, and process it urther

Long4+erm Memory4 process and retrie3esinormation

)E0+5*L E.E)2+I:E4 controlling and

monitoring the ow and use o inormationthroughout the memory system

Increases sophistication through age


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6actors *fecting Long4+ermMemory Storage

Wor(ing memory


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E@pectations

Ini!ig (o ang


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Short4+erm> Wor(ingMemory

6orms o storage4 phonological loop8inormation through repetition;,3isuospatial s(etchpad 8manipulation

and retention o 3isual inormation;,episodic !ufer 8multiple modalitiescan !e integrated into an o3erall

understanding o a particularsituation;

7uration


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)ontrol


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)ontrol


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Long4+erm Memory

Bow things are or were4 declarati3e(nowledge

Bow to do things4 procedural

(nowledge

)apacity4 unlimited

Will it !e harder to store additional

inormation i there are already a lot oinormation that has already !eenstored?


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Long4+erm Memory

6orms o Storage4 !ased onidiosyncratic interpretations

E@plicit (nowledge and implicit(nowledge

Interconnectedness

Is memory 8in some instances; notpermanent?


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*lternati3e :iews o BumanMemory

Le3els o processing model

*cti3ation model


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Le3els o


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+urnure, uium, and +hurlow 8#%F$;

#-La!els, repeated the names o the o!/ects

G-Sentence generation, made up sentencesthat included !oth o!/ects in a pair

H-Sentence repetition, repeatede@perimenter generated sentences thatstated a relationship !etween G o!/ects

-What 'uestion4 answered a 'uestiona!out a relationship !etween o!/ects

J-Why 'uestion4 answered a 'uestionconcerning why a particular relationshipe@isted !etween the o!/ects


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*cti3ation Model

Wor(ing and long term memory are notnecessarily separate !ut reect diferentacti3ation states o a single memory

*cti3e state, incoming inormation andinormation pre3iously stored in the memory

Inacti3e, !ul( o inormation

*cti3ation almost in3aria!ly spreads rom

one piece o inormation to associatedpieces


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*cti3ation Model

Memory is stored in the acti3e andinacti3e state

7iferen stimuli diferent areas othe !rain


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Long4+erm Memory Storage


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6actors *fecting Long4+ermMemory Storage

Wor(ing Memory


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5etrie3al

Bow well it was stored 5elated pieces o inormation are stored

in close association with one another

Encoding speci=city

Spreading acti3ation

5etrie3al cues4 where to loo( in the long

term memory

4 identity cues, associatecues,

rame, conte@tual cues


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Intererence

* hippie is in the par(

* hippie is in the church * policeman is in the

par( * sailor is in the par(


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Bermmann E!!i!ghaus

Learning cur3e 6orgetting cur3e

Spacing efect4 =nding that inormation,which is presented o3er spaced inter3alsis learned and retained more easily andmore efecti3ely

Serial position efect9 primacy and

recency efect Sa3ings efect

C3erlearning efect


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Eliza!eth Lotus

6alse memories

Pary 5amona

Lost in a shopping mall


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Implication +o +heEducator

Bow can o3ert !eha3iors afect long4term storage?

Bow can the (nowledge regardingthe memory process help you assistyour client 8student;?

2 Human Memory Handouts

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