History of The Earth The slope o f earth surface i s various a nd each of it passes different process. The differences of the process among other are influenced by power and time. The earth is a planet that has certain characteristic, so it enables the presence of life. Nearly all branches of natural science have contributed to the understanding of the main events of the Earth's past. The age of Earth is approximately one-third of the age of the universe.Earth formed around 4.578 billion years ago by accretion from the solar nebula. The theory tells the story in 3 phases: 1. Sun and ot her planet s are still in the form of gas, i t is very dense and big fog. 2. The fog rotating and twis ting strongly, where th e coagulatio n happens in the cent er of the circle that then forms the s un. At the same time another m aterial formed bec omes mass that is smaller than the sun that is called planet, it moves revolving the sun. 3. Those material s grow more lar ger and kee p doing movement regularly revolving the sun in one fixed orbit and form the composition of the solar family. Earth is one member planet of our sol ar system. The occurrence pr ocess of the earth is equal to the sun. Because o f its volume is small er than the sun, its formatio n process is faster. In formation process of earth, it happen separation base on to its mass. The heavy part forms core that is called barisphere (earth core), while the lighter part forms earth’s crust or often c alled lithosphere. In cooling process that reaches 100°C, it happen condensation, then rain, after that, the water fills the lower part of earth and forms watery layer called hydrosphere. Besides, the earth also covered by air layer called atmosphere and life layer called biosphere. In carbon era, the continents unite form the big continent called Pangaea that in Greek means “the whole world”. Since 1900, geologists have known that outer part of earth’s crust floats on the soft inner layer. Theories of contine ntal movement 1. Plate tectonic theory Plate tectonic is explains the earth’s dynamic process about the formation of mountain path, volcanic path, earthquake path, and sedimentation basin on the surface of earth that is caused by movement of the plate. According to this theory, earth’s crust an d be assumed as very strong raft and relatively cold that floats on elastic asthenosphere 2
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The slope of earth surface is various and each of it passes different process. The
differences of the process among other are influenced by power and time. The earth is aplanet that has certain characteristic, so it enables the presence of life.
Nearly all branches of natural science have contributed to the understanding of the main
events of the Earth's past. The age of Earth is approximately one-third of the age of the
universe. Earth formed around 4.578 billion years ago by accretion from the solar nebula.
The theory tells the story in 3 phases:
1. Sun and other planets are still in the form of gas, it is very dense and big fog.
2. The fog rotating and twisting strongly, where the coagulation happens in the center of
the circle that then forms the sun. At the same time another material formed becomes
mass that is smaller than the sun that is called planet, it moves revolving the sun.
3. Those materials grow more larger and keep doing movement regularly revolving the sun
in one fixed orbit and form the composition of the solar family.
Earth is one member planet of our solar system. The occurrence process of the earth is
equal to the sun. Because of its volume is smaller than the sun, its formation process is
faster. In formation process of earth, it happen separation base on to its mass. The heavy
part forms core that is called barisphere (earth core), while the lighter part forms earth’s
crust or often called lithosphere. In cooling process that reaches 100°C, it happen
condensation, then rain, after that, the water fills the lower part of earth and forms watery
layer called hydrosphere. Besides, the earth also covered by air layer called atmosphere
and life layer called biosphere.
In carbon era, the continents unite form the big continent called Pangaea that in Greek
means “the whole world”. Since 1900, geologists have known that outer part of earth’s crust
floats on the soft inner layer.
Theories of continental movement
1. Plate tectonic theory
Plate tectonic is explains the earth’s dynamic process about the formation of moun tain
path, volcanic path, earthquake path, and sedimentation basin on the surface of earth
that is caused by movement of the plate. According to this theory, earth’s crust an d beassumed as very strong raft and relatively cold that floats on elastic asthenosphere
The Solar System (including the Earth) formed from a large, rotating cloud of interstellar dust
and gas called the solar nebula, orbiting the Milky Way' s galactic center. It was composed of
hydrogen and helium created shortly after the Big Bang 13.7 Ga (gigaannum, a unit of timeequal to 10 9 years, or one billion years) and heavier elements ejected by supernovas. About
4.6 Ga, the solar nebula began to contract, possibly due to the shock wave of a nearby
supernova. Such a shock wave would have also caused the nebula to rotate and gain
angular momentum. As the cloud began to accelerate its rotation, gravity and inertia
flattened it into a protoplanetary disk oriented perpendicularly to its axis of rotation. Most of
the mass concentrated in the middle and began to heat up, but small perturbations due to
collisions and the angular momentum of other large debris created the means by which
protoplanets up to several kilometers in length began to form, orbiting the nebular center.
Figure 2.3. illustration of the birth of the solar system
The infall of material, increase in rotational speed and the crush of gravity created an
enormous amount of kinetic energy at the center. Its inability to transfer that energy away
through any other process at a rate capable of relieving the build-up resulted in the disk's
center heating up. Ultimately, nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium began, and eventually,
after contraction, a T Tauri star ignited to create the Sun. Meanwhile, as gravity caused
matter to condense around the previously perturbed objects outside the gravitational grasp
of the new sun, dust particles and the rest of the protoplanetary disk began separating into
rings. Successively larger fragments collided with one another and became larger objects,
ultimately becoming protoplanets. These included one collection about 150 million kilometersfrom the center: Earth. The planet formed about 4.54 billion years ago (within an uncertainty