2- Hindu Law of Coparcenary

8/9/2019 2- Hindu Law of Coparcenary

1/30

Hindu Law of Coparcenary

Prof. (Dr.) Vijender Kumar

Professor of Law & Commonwealth Fellow

Head, Centre for Family LawNALSAR University of Law, Hyd.

vijender!mar"yahoo.#om


2/30

Coparcenary

Co$ar#enary is narrower %ody of $ersons within ajoint family, and #onsists of father, son, sons son,and sons sons son. Lie joint family, to %e'in with,

it #onsists of father and his three male linealdes#endants( in its #ontin!an#e the e)isten#e of thefather*son relationshi$ is not ne#essary.

+h!s a #o$ar#enary #an #onsist of 'randfather and

'randson, of #o!rse, of !n#le and ne$hew and so on. +he r!le is that so lon' as one is not removed %y

more than fo!r de'rees from the last holder of the$ro$erty, one will %e a #o$ar#ener.


3/30

Common Ancestor

Son Daughter

(M)

Son Son DaughterWife Wife

S S D

S S S D S

S S

S S

S

D

S S S

S S S S

S D

D

Wife

S S

Wife

SSWife

S S D

S Son

D Daughter

M Married


4/30

Daughter as Coparcenary

Section !-/ on and from the #ommen#ement of the Hind!S!##ession -Amendment/ A#t 0112, in a joint Hind! family'overned %y the 3itashara, the da!'hter of a #o$ar#ener shall 4

-a/ %y %irth %e#ome a #o$ar#ener in her own ri'ht in the same

manner as the son( -%/ have the same ri'hts in the #o$ar#enary $ro$erty as she

wo!ld have had if she had %een a son(

-#/ %e s!%je#t to the same lia%ilities in res$e#t of the said#o$ar#enary $ro$erty as that of a son.

And any referen#e to a Hind! 3itashara #o$ar#enary shall %edeemed to in#l!de a referen#e to a da!'hter of a #o$ar#ener.


5/30


6/30

"ncidents of Coparcenary

A #o$ar#ener has an interest %y %irth in the jointfamily $ro$erty(

+ho!'h !ntil $artition taes $la#e this is an!n$redi#ta%le and fl!#t!atin' interest whi#h may %eenlar'ed %y death and diminished %y %irths in thefamily(

5very #o$ar#ener has ri'ht to %e in joint $ossession

and enjoyment of joint family $ro$erty( 5very #o$ar#ener has a ri'ht to %e maintained

in#l!din' a ri'ht of marria'e e)$enses %ein' defrayedo!t of joint family f!nds.


7/30

"ncidents of Coparcenary

5very #o$ar#ener is %o!nd %y the alienation made

%y the 6arta for le'al ne#essity or %enefit of estate

and %y the le'itimate a#ts of mana'ement of the6arta(

5very #o$ar#ener has a ri'ht to o%je#t and #hallen'e

alienations made witho!t his #onsent or made

witho!t le'al ne#essity( and

5very #o$ar#ener has a ri'ht of $artition and

s!rvivorshi$.


8/30

#he Daya$haga %oint &ami'y

+he joint family is one of the areas where the3itashara and the 7aya%ha'a differ from ea#h otherf!ndamentally. 8n modern law the joint family is theonly area where two s#hools of Hind! law still havesi'nifi#an#e.

Sons hae no right $y $irth Stri#tly s$eain' !nderthe 7aya%ha'a s#hool there is no joint family %etweenfather and son, sons have no ri'ht %y %irth. Similarly,the sons have no ri'ht of s!rvivorshi$. Under the7aya%ha'a s#hool all $ro$erties, self*a#9!ired as wellas #o$ar#enary, devolve %y s!##ession.


9/30

Coparcenary +here are two $rin#i$al #ommentaries whi#h are

nown as 3itashara written %y :ijnaneshwara

and 7aya%ha'a written %y ;im!tawahan. 3itashara re#o'nised in whole of 8ndia e)#e$t


10/30

Coparcenary Hind! #o$ar#enary system, with whi#h we are

#on#erned here, is the law of the 3itashara laid

down %y :ijnaneshwara. 8n s$ite of the e)isten#e of some minor s#hools

e)istin' in different $arts of 8ndia, s!#h as


11/30

Coparcenary 8n an#ient times, the #on#e$t of an individ!al

ownin' $ro$erty was !nnown.

+he $ro$erty was owned either %y a $atriar#h or%y the family or %y the villa'e #omm!nity.

+he #on#e$t of family ownershi$ 'ot divided into

two s#hools %y reasons of the differen#e of o$inion

or treatment of the s!%je#t %etween the two leadin'

#ommentators, viz, :ijnaneshwara -3itashara/

and ;im!tawahan -7aya%ha'a/.


12/30

Coparcenary 8n other words, the 3itashara do#trine is that

ownershi$ of $ro$erty is of the whole of the ;oint

Family and no one mem%er or #o$ar#ener #an#laim ownershi$ of any interest or share in the

$ro$erty or any $art of the $ro$erty se$arately

!ntil a $artition of the $ro$erty is effe#ted.

+his is also nown as the do#trine of a''re'ateownershi$ of the family $ro$erty.


13/30

Diagram

A

C

!

D

"

#

$

%

Coparcenery

consists

&et'een A to

D

" to % are not

Coparceners


14/30

Diagram 2

A

C

!

D

"

#

$

%

Coparcenery

consists

&et'een ! to

"

# to % are

not

coparceners


15/30

Diagram

A

C

!

D

"

#

$

%

Coparcenery

consists

&et'een C to

#

$ and % are

not

coparceners


16/30

Diagram

A

C

!

D

"

#

$

%

Coparcenery

consists

&et'een D to

$

% is not a

coparcener


17/30

Diagram 5

A

C

!

D

"

#

$

%

Coparcenery

consists

&et'een " to

%


18/30

Diagram *

A

C

!

D

"

#

$

%

Coparcenery

consists

&et'een A+ C

and D

%

" to % are not

coparceners


19/30

Diagram ,

A

C

!

D

"

#

$

%

Coparcenery

consists

&et'een A

and D

%

" to % are not

coparceners


20/30

Diagram

A

C

!

D

"

#

$

%

Coparcenery

consists

&et'een D to$

% is not aco arcener


21/30

Diagram .

A

C

!

D

"

#

$

%

Coparcenary

consists

on/y A

$ to % are notcoparceners


22/30

Diagram 0

A

!

C

D "

DS DS "S "S

! and C diesCoparcenery

consists &et'een A+

D and "


23/30

Diagram

A

!

C

D "

DS DS "S "S

2 1f " dies Coparcenery

consists &et'een Aand D 1n that case "s

sons 'i// not &e

coparceners in As

fami/y


24/30

Coparcener*s +ights Ri'ht of joint ownershi$( Ri'ht of joint $ossession, enjoyment and !se of

joint family $ro$erty ( Ri'ht of alienation of !ndivided interest( Ri'ht of #hallen'e an im$ro$er alienation made

%y the 6arta(


25/30

Coparcener*s +ights

Ri'ht of maintenan#e 4

Food

Clothes

Shelter

3edi#al

5d!#ation3arria'e


26/30

Coparcener*s +ights

Ri'ht to $artition 4

Partition

Re*o$enin'

Re*!nion


27/30

Coparcener*s +ights No female e)#e$t a da!'hter #an %e a #o$ar#ener.

No ri'ht %y %irth to female mem%ers e)#e$t of a

da!'hter in the Hind! joint family $ro$erty. No ri'ht of s!rvivorshi$.

No ri'ht to as for $artition -tho!'h #ertain

females 'et share on $artition.


28/30

,em$er*s rights Ri'ht of maintenan#e4

food(

#lothes(

shelter(

medi#al e)$enses(

ed!#ational e)$enses(

marria'e e)$enses et#.

Ri'ht to 'et share on $artition4


29/30

Coparcenary within coparcenary

8t is $ossi%le that se$arate #o$ar#enaries may e)ist withina #o$ar#enary.

-amp'ea #o$ar#enary #onsists of A and his three sons


30/30

A

C

CS CS

D

DS DS

!

DS

S S S S S

2- Hindu Law of Coparcenary

Documents