2 fara presentationghana raina

International Centre of Insect Physiology

and Ecology (icipe)

Suresh Raina

African Insect Science for Food and Health

The 4Hs paradigm — Major Programme Areas Human Health Animal Health Plant Health Environmental Health

Capacity Building Universal Throughout All Programmes

Research Departments —

Disciplinary Expertise:

chemistry, Biochemistry,

Micro-biology, Pathology

and biological control

Research Units Expertise in GIS, Statistics, socio-economics R&D Support,

Collaborative support: National Forest services (KFS), Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) and National Agriculture research system

How we work

Biodiversity and Forest Conservation

Bioprospecting

Commercial insects.

Climate change Mitigation

Environmental Health Division

AIM: Insect-based enterprises using value

chain approach Increase the outreach and

sustainability of the Silkmoth

and honey bee-based

community driven

enterprises.

Deliver income generating

services to African Farmers

Promote bee and silkmoth

biodiversity conservation in

the regions to enhance

pollination services for food

security

6TH AFRICA AGRICULTURE SCIENCE WEEK

AND FARA GENERAL ASSEMBLY

Theme: Africa Feeding Africa through

Agricultural Science and Innovation

African reference laboratory (with satellite

stations) for the management of pollinator bee

diseases and pests for food security

Suresh Raina

icipe, Nairobi

Accra International Conference Centre, Accra, Ghana

15-20 July 2013

Why focus on bee health biodiversity research and policy across

African continent ?

Biodiversity of Insect pollinator species are in decline globally due to: • Human interference in their habitat • Forest depletion and pestcidal pollution • Attack of diseases and pests and colony losses

An African centre for the management of pollinator

bee diseases and pests for food security

• Bee diseases and pests do not respect borders, therefore requiring regional and continental approaches.

• Information pertaining to bee health (pesticides and chemical residues in honey or implications in pollination of plants), are generic problems

• Basic regulations and guidelines for their control should be harmonised and promoted across Africa. Therefore, icipe plans to develop:

What do we know?

Managed honeybee declining

in USA, possibly EU

Wild pollinators declining in UK, EU and USA

Many crops need pollinators

People need pollinated crops and honey

African bee colonies are invaded by pests and diseases

Level of dependence on animal-

mediated pollination.

After Klein A et al. Proc. R. Soc. B 2007;274:303-313, FAOSTAT 2005

Major food crops and their level of dependence

on animal pollination

Only crops that produce fruits or seeds for direct human

use as food were considered

Impact of Pollination Level in Strawberry Quality

SOURCE: Protocol to detect and assess pollination deficits in crops: a handbook for its use. FAO 2011

Case study: strawberry

Wider value

forage

cattle Crops, orchards & allotments

wild plant communities

honey

POLLINATORS

FOOD SECURITY, CONSUMER CHOICE & HEALTHY DIET

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

- soil fertility - flood protection - water purification - cultural landscapes

€11-33M

€497 M €10’s M

many € billions €100’s M

BIODIVERSITY

What do we NOT know? Is crop pollination limiting agricultural production in Africa ?

Impact of climate change on bee diseases and pests in Africa

Status of bee diseases and pests in African continent

Monetary valuation of pollination services in Africa

Are people affected by pollinator losses ?

Potential production losses due to the lack of insects

Pollination distribution of vulnerability ratio across Africa

Klaus Mithoefer GIS Analyst

GIS data management

spatial analysis

model building

geo-statistics

GIS AND MAPPING

Colony collapse disorder in US: Serious Pollinators decline

• The serious decline of honeybee populations in Europe and the USA (van

Engelsdorp, 2007, 2008), commonly referred to as the colony collapse disorder

(CCD), has alarmed governments, conservationists and the private sector.

Source , MYRMECOS: Alex Wild on insects, science, and photography

Possible African Pollinators decline

• The possibility and effects of a similar pollinator decline in Africa would seriously harm the livelihoods of millions of rural resource-poor farmers.

• Therefore, the proper conservation of honeybees in Africa must be ensured so that colony losses experienced in other parts of the world are not repeated in Africa.( Raina et.al 2011)

• In addition, we need to protect the genetic diversity represented by the different African wild honey bee populations (Hepburn and Radloff, 1998).

Spread of Varroa and other diseases

and pests in Africa

• Fries and Raina (2003) reported very low level of American foulbrood disease in large parts of Africa.

• However, the recently confirmed presence of the Varroa mites, brood diseases and Paenibacillus larvae spores in Sub Saharan and North Africa(Hansen et al., 2003; Saleh 2006, Frazier et al., 2010) are likely to compromise honeybee health and consequently honeybee productivity in this region of the world.

• This has raised concerns that these highly devastating mites, and probably so far undiagnosed honeybee diseases, could be widespread in Africa.

The purpose of the programme

Establish a Centre for Bee Diseases and Pests

(CBDP Africa) at icipe Kenya and four satellite

stations (one each in Cameroon , Ethiopia,

Burkina Faso and Liberia)partnering AU-IBAR to

generate knowledge regarding bee diseases and

pests and their control measures for the Farmers

Federation (FF) and beekeepers at large.

Objective

• Develop field based working modules for bee

diseases and pests management with policy

options to protect bee colonies and scale up

honey production and pollination services for

crop production and access to markets in Africa

and beyond (export)

Results and Activities • Result 1 Bee health facilities for innovative technologies and

provision of pests risk analysis baselines and benchmarks established – Activity 1.1. Refurbishment of research and training centre in

Kenya (Bio-safety level-2). – Activity 1.2. Refurbishment of four national research and

development satellite stations in East, Central and West Africa (Biosafety level -1).

– Activity 1.3. Equipping of facilities with diagnostic tools for surveillance and detection of bee diseases in African colonies.

– Activity 1.4. Setting up model apiaries at NARS and farmers fields to demonstrate the application of intervention logics and scaling up hive products and pollination services at each project sites.

– Activity 1.5. Develop screen houses at NARS/national beekeeping stations for demonstrating and training FF in the use of various bee species for pollinating food crops.

– Activity 1.6. Establish one marketplace for processing, packaging trading of honey and hive products in each participating country

• Result 2: Development of validated bee disease and pest management modules with efficient field based diagnostic tools. – Activity 2.1. Mapping of bee biodiversity and health factors using

species distribution model and dynamic vegetation modeling. – Activity2.2. Mapping of bee diseases distribution in modern,

traditional and feral bee colonies, pollen source and spatial analysis of land use and other environmental factors.

– Activity 2.3. Investigating behavioural mechanisms of African honeybees’ tolerance against the invasion of Varroa mite and brood diseases.

– Activity 2.4. Develop effective methods to detect pesticides hazards in the bee hive products

– Activity 2.5. Evaluate bee health hazard and risk through effective technology of Morphometrics and DNA finger printing

– Activity 2.6. Development of plant based bio-pesticide for bee diseases and pests and production of Over 200,000 pieces of bee pest and disease control products for Farmers Federations/beekeepers in 5 countries in Africa.

Result 3: Enhanced awareness on the honeybee health and create conducive environment for enhanced bee disease control, access to markets, and consumer safety.

• Activity 3.1. Organize effective multi-stakeholder partnerships and mechanisms for the development of policy, institutional and market options for bee health and pollination services for food security.

• Activity 3.2. Develop policy frameworks for sustainable bee health, apiculture and pollination services.

• Activity 3.3. Carry out environmental impact study on bees and pollination services.

• Activity 3.4. Enhance capacities for timely collection, analysis and sharing of accurate sanitary information;

• Activity 3.5. Strengthen Africa’s participation in standard setting organizations (OIE and Codex Alimentarius) on standards setting process for bees and bee products.

• Activity 3.6. Identify market constraints and opportunities for honey and hive products and investment opportunities of bee products and pollination services

Result 4: Capacity of beekeepers/farmers’ federations, RECs and NARS on bee health management systems and policy options strengthened • Activity 4.1. Establish/strengthen producer organizations for input

supply management and cooperative marketing • Activity 4.2. Enhance the capacity of beekeepers associations NARS

and RECs to acquire information and utilize improved bee health technologies/innovations;

• Activity 4.3. Develop a regional database on pollination services and bee health research and development outputs;

• Activity 4.4. Strengthen the capacities of Farmers federations/beekeepers NARS and RECs to analyze the value chain of pollination services and priority beehive products, and the commercial policies of the agricultural sector;

• Activity 4.5. Develop and promote bee health knowledge management systems through bee health value chain analysis

Focus on Sub-Saharan Africa

• This project is in line with the European

Union’s strategy as per the Advancing African

Agriculture (AAA) document.

• The EU/AAA provides a long-term framework

for assistance, has a continental scope with a

focus on Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and is

aligned with the AU and related organisations

such as AU-IBAR.

Venue: icipe headquarters, Nairobi, Kenya.

23th to 25th September 2013

INCEPTION PHASE- BEE HEALTH

PROJECT AFRICA

STAKEHOLDERS WORKSHOP AND

1ST PROJECT STEERING COMMITTEE

MEETING

Thank you

Announcement