(2) DWDM Glownet 91 Slide

8/9/2019 (2) DWDM Glownet 91 Slide

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We bring Light to the Internet

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DWDMDWDM

DENSE WAVE DIVISIONDENSE WAVE DIVISION

MULTIPLEXINGMULTIPLEXING




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Concepts - DWDM

Evolution of DWDM

Architecture of Optical networkingSalient Features of DWDM

Wavelength Routing Protocol

Wavelength Management

DWDM with SONET/SDH or IP over DWDMConclusion

Future Optical Networks

CONTENTSCONTENTS




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Concepts - DWDMConcepts - DWDM




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WDM/DWDM is a fiber-optic transmission

technique where multiple optical signals are

transmitted on a single fiber using different

wavelengths. The Different optical signals are

multiplexed in Wavelength Domain.

What is WDM/DWDM?What is WDM/DWDM?




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Dense Wavelength DivisionDense Wavelength Division

MultiplexingMultiplexing

Source From Internet




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How Do We Differ BetweenHow Do We Differ BetweenWDM & DWDMWDM & DWDMClassification of WDM:

When channel spacing > 100 GHz called WDM

When channel spacing < 100 GHz called DWDM

When channel spacing < 25 GHz called UDWDM

0.8 nm =100 GHz0.8 nm =100 GHz




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What is multiplexing?

Multiplexing is a process of putting all the signals

into a common channel in different ways and the

component is called multiplexer.

What is de-multiplexing?

De-multiplexing is a process which separates

out all the multiplexed signals and the

component is called de-multiplexer.

Introduction To MultiplexingIntroduction To Multiplexing




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Time Division MultiplexingTime Division Multiplexing





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TDM - (Time Division Multiplexing)

Type of multiplexing in which different signals aremultiplexed in different time slots.

In TDM each time slots is fixed for different signals

sequentially.If there is any vacant time slot that can be

utilized for other signal,by using STDM -(Statistical Time

Division Multiplexing).

Difference Between TDM & WDMDifference Between TDM & WDM




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WDM-Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Type of multiplexing in which different signals are

multiplexed at different wavelengths for full time slots.

When each wavelength is multiplexed from different

TDM signals then the multiplexing is called TDM over WDM.

Difference Between TDM & WDMDifference Between TDM & WDM




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Total Throughput Of A FiberTotal Throughput Of A Fiber

For TDM Over WDMFor TDM Over WDMMultiplexing.Multiplexing.

Different Wavelength Source From Internet




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Challenges To Be FacedChallenges To Be FacedIncreased service needs due to Internet and

Intranet

Fiber exhaust

Layered bandwidth management




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SolutionsSolutions

Laying more fiber

Time division multiplexing (TDM)

DWDM




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Laying More FiberLaying More Fiber

Economic solution where cost of fiber laying is

minimal

May not be able to provide new services or utilize bandwidth management capability of a unifying

optical layer




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Dense Wavelength DivisionDense Wavelength Division

Multiplexing (DWDM)Multiplexing (DWDM)Assigns incoming optical signals to specific

frequencies (wavelength,λ

) within adesignated frequency band

Multiplexes the resulting signals out onto one

fiber

Incoming signals are never terminated in

the optical layer




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Increased Network Capacity -Increased Network Capacity -DWDMDWDM





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Issues Of Optical NetworkingIssues Of Optical NetworkingDispersion management

Polarization mode dispersion

Non-linear effectsOptical Test and Measurement

Scaling the Optical Network

Error-Correcting Code




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Evolution of Optical NetworksEvolution of Optical Networks




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Generations Of WDM NetworksGenerations Of WDM NetworksFirst Generation:First Generation: Dense WDM networks with linear

architecture used in point-to-point link, as a high bandwidth pipes

between two network elements. These systems are integrated with

optical amplifiers and electronic regenerators.

Second Generation:Second Generation: WDM networks with ring and mesharchitectures. These systems are integrated with optical amplifiers,

OADM’s, Dispersion compensators, OXC’s and electronic

regenerators.

Third Generation:Third Generation: DWDM and OTDM networks (All-opticalnetworks )with linear, ring and mesh architectures. These systems

are integrated with optical 3R regeneration, OADM, OXC (which

supports Photonic packet switching)




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DWDM Networks EvolutionDWDM Networks Evolution





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Evolution of The Photonics LayerEvolution of The Photonics Layer





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1×40 G up to 65 km (Alcatel’98) PMD Limited.1×40 G up to 65 km (Alcatel’98) PMD Limited.

32× 5 G to 9300 km (1998)32× 5 G to 9300 km (1998)

64× 5 G to 7200 km (Lucent’97)64× 5 G to 7200 km (Lucent’97)

100×10 G to 400 km (Lucent’97)100×10 G to 400 km (Lucent’97)

16×10 G to 6000 km (1998)16×10 G to 6000 km (1998)

132×20 G to 120 km (NEC’96)132×20 G to 120 km (NEC’96)

70×20 G to 600 km (NTT’97)70×20 G to 600 km (NTT’97)

1022 Wavelengths on one fiber (Lucent 99)1022 Wavelengths on one fiber (Lucent 99)

Recent WDM RecordsRecent WDM Records





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Architecture of Optical NetworksArchitecture of Optical Networks




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Layers of Typical NetworksLayers of Typical Networks







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RxTx

SignalPo

wer

Link Length

Receiver Sensitivity

Post Amplifier Line Amplifier Pre Amplifier

Typical Point To Point OpticalTypical Point To Point Optical

Link Link




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Post Amplifier Pre AmplifierLine Amplifier

Wavelengths Wavelengths

Optical Multiplexer Optical Demultiplexer

Linear Backbone Link Linear Backbone Link




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Backbone Link With OADMBackbone Link With OADMOADM

Mux Mux DemuxDemux

Add WavelengthsDrop Wavelengths




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Optical Add/Drop MultiplexerOptical Add/Drop Multiplexer





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Backbone Link With OXCBackbone Link With OXC

OXC

Mux Mux DemuxDemux

Add/Drop Ports

Add/Drop Ports




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Salient Features of DWDMSalient Features of DWDM








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Salient Features contd…Salient Features contd…

Service providers can

lease individual wavelengths—as opposed to an

entire fiber—to their high-use business

customers

Increases the distances between network elements




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Salient Features Contd…Salient Features Contd…

The system’s number of wavelengths and bit rate

are upgradeable

Standard Transaction Language 1 (TL-1)

interfaces are widely available for DWDMsystems to provide a maintenance interface




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Capacity Expansion EvolutionCapacity Expansion Evolution

A Strategy for Long TermA Strategy for Long Term





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Advantages Of DWDMAdvantages Of DWDM

Offers services such as:

Email

Video on DemandMultimedia

Wavelength Management

Over the following formats

IP

ATM

SONET/SDH




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Today core DWDM system uses

Proprietary Mux and management

Systems.

ITUT defines standard wavelength Grid but Still many aspects of DWDM

systems are implemented in different

ways by different vendors.

Open Data Networks with DWDMOpen Data Networks with DWDM




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Optical Spectrum Used

Wave Grid SpacingPower and Amplification schemes

Mechanisms for Optical Amp Gain

AdjustmentMethods of Forward Error Correction

Systems Engineering Aspects

Factors To be Thought ForFactors To be Thought For

StandardizationStandardization




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WaRPWaRP




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WaRP Views Network as a Bandwidth Pool

and Provides for point and click auto provisioning of wavelength paths.

WaRP Solution enables the creation of

Optical Network with efficiencies of themesh architectures and the speed of the

SONET / SDH rings.

Wavelength RoutingWavelength RoutingProtocol (WaRP)Protocol (WaRP)




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Wavelength ManagementWavelength Management




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One or More wavelengths are leased on a

DWDM system.

This wavelength can be a point to point or meshed based intelligent optical network

Managed WavelengthManaged WavelengthServicesServices




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Channel Spacing UsingChannel Spacing Using

WavelengthWavelengthShort BandShort Band Long BandLong Band

Wavelength (nm)Wavelength (nm)





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DWDM Market ShareDWDM Market Share




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Major Players in the FieldMajor Players in the FieldClassification:Classification:

Long haulLong haul MetroMetro

Nortel Nortel

Ciena ONI

Lucent Ciena

Alcatel Cisco

NEC Sorrento

Others Others




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b i i h h




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W b i Li ht t th I t t




ConfidentialSource From Internet





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http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=3911








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10Mbps Ethernet (10Base-F) uses 850 nm10Mbps Ethernet (10Base-F) uses 850 nm

100 Mbps Ethernet (100Base-FX) + FDDI use100 Mbps Ethernet (100Base-FX) + FDDI use

1310 nm1310 nm

Some telecommunication lines use 1550 nmSome telecommunication lines use 1550 nm

WDM: 850nm + 1310nm or 1310nm + 1550nmWDM: 850nm + 1310nm or 1310nm + 1550nm

DenseDense ⇒⇒ Closely spacedClosely spaced ≈≈ 1nm separation1nm separation

Sparse and Dense WDMSparse and Dense WDM





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Sparse and Dense WDM

WDM Applications and Sample Products

Types of Fibers: Limiting factors to singlewavelength

Wavelength router and optical crossconnect

Upcoming Technologies: Optic wireless,

Quasi Soliton, OTDM

Packet Switching, Optical CDMA, ...





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WDM ApplicationsWDM ApplicationsWANs:

Fiber links ⇒ WDM ⇒ DWDM Links

Undersea Links: Amplifiers ⇒ High maintenance cost

⇒ Can't put too many fibers

DWDM highly successful in long-haul market. Not yet cost-competitive in metro market.

Bandwidth demand is low and more dynamic.

Many new lower cost products for metro market.





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Nortel/Cambrian:: Optera Metro: 32 × 2.5G OpteraLH: 2560×622Mbps, 1280×1.25Gbps (Gb

Ethernet), 640×2.5Gbps, 160×10Gbps

Pirelli Optical Systems: 128×10G TeraMuX

WaveMux H-DWDM with Soliton OMDS 32λ WDM

System

Monterey Networks: Wavelength Router TM

256×256 OC-48 scalable to 160 Tbps Non- blocking any to any.

Fully hot swappable w/o fiber swap 1+1 or 1:N APS.

Straight IP over DWDM.

Sample ProductsSample Products





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Optical Fiber

Tunable Lasers

Optical Mux/Demux Fast tuning receivers

Wavelength converters

Amplifiers: Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers

(EDFA)’s

Splitters, Combiners

Key ComponentsKey Components





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DWDM Systems & OpticalDWDM Systems & Optical

AmplifiersAmplifiers






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Optical AmplifierOptical Amplifier

Bi directionalBi directional


UnidirectionalUnidirectional







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Optical Add Drop MultiplexerOptical Add Drop Multiplexer





e b g g o e e e

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Components Used in DWDM NetworksComponents Used in DWDM Networks







g g

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All Optical SemiconductorAll Optical Semiconductor

Wavelength ConverterWavelength Converter





g g

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Optical ModulatorOptical Modulator





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Optical Network ProductsOptical Network Products




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Development Milestones inDevelopment Milestones in

Optical ComponentsOptical Components





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`̀

Splitters/CombinersSplitters/Combiners

Control Control ControlControl Control Control

Larger switches can be built out of 2Larger switches can be built out of 2 × 2 building block 2 building block

By MEMS technology one can have large matrix switchBy MEMS technology one can have large matrix switch





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Sentry: 40×2.5G long haul 800 kmSentry: 40×2.5G long haul 800 km

Optical Line Amplifier: EDFA, 1540-1560nmOptical Line Amplifier: EDFA, 1540-1560nm

Sentry ADM: OC-48 ADM at any amplifier siteSentry ADM: OC-48 ADM at any amplifier site

Firefly: 24×2.5G Short haul, point-to-point,Firefly: 24×2.5G Short haul, point-to-point,

1310nm1310nm

WaveWatcher SNMP & TMN Fault ManagementWaveWatcher SNMP & TMN Fault Management

SystemSystem WaveWatcher SNMP & TMN ElementWaveWatcher SNMP & TMN Element

Management SystemManagement System

Products (Cont)Products (Cont)




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Products - CienaProducts - Ciena

Ciena MultiWave Family: 16, 40, 96-channel systemswith SONET/ATM/IP to DWDM

CoreDirector: 256× OC-48 or 64× OC192 (640Gtotal) Switch, Optical signaling and routing protocol

EdgeDirector: ATM VP ring with 50ms APS, DS1 toOC3, 10-100Base-T interfaces, RIP and OSPF

CoreStream: 2.5G or 10G (to 2 Tbps total) DWDMLong Haul transport

Metro: 24×2.5G duplex ADM nodes on a 2 fiber ring






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Optical Networks Inc: ONLINE 9000 Metro Nodes,

OPTX Metro Network Operating System (design,

configuration, operation), OLMP Optical link

management

NEC: Submarine WDM System 16×10G up to 300km

expandable to 32×10G

Monterey Networks:

Teraseed: Single chip. Clustered to create

switch matrix.

Wavelength Routing Protocol TM (WaRP TM )





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Tellium:

Aurora 32: Carrier Class Optical Switch

Aurora 512: Bidirectional carrier class 1.2 Tbpsnonblocking optical switch

Alidian Networks:

Optical Service Networks (OSN): Metro and

Access Rings with

ATM/FR/TDM/SONET Services with QoS





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CISCO:

12000 Gigabit Switch Router with OC-48c12000 Gigabit Switch Router with OC-48c

line cardline card

Dynamic Packet Transport (DPT)Dynamic Packet Transport (DPT)a)a) Uses SONET framingUses SONET framing

b)b) Dual RingDual Ring

c)c)Both rings used simultaneouslyBoth rings used simultaneously

Spatial Reuse Protocol (SRP)Spatial Reuse Protocol (SRP)

44 SRP fairness algorithmSRP fairness algorithm

Products -CISCOProducts -CISCO




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Intelligent Protection Switching (IPS): Handles

events at layer 1, 2, and 3 (APS handles only layer 1).

Can provide reduced capacity during failures.

Canoga Perkins Corp: Converter MMF/SMF 8M-

1.25G to 1310/1550nm

Integral Access: PurePacket Node DSL Access Mux

(DSLAM), Voice, Data to DWDM/MPLS





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Lucent WaveStar Family: OLS 400G/80G/40G/10G/2.5G: 80×OC-48 or 40×OC-

192 (point-to-point)

Bandwidth Manager: 1152 STS-1/384 STM-1 Switch

Fabric with electrical and optical interfaces

Lucent OpticGate Family: Allows connecting ATM

Switches and IP routers to 400G.

MetroPoint: 16×2.5G to 60 km AllMetro: 40×2.5G with add/drop

OpticAir: 4×2.5Gbps to 5 km

FT-2000: STS-1 to OC-48 SONET

Products- LUCENTProducts- LUCENT




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Lucent OptiStar Family: OC48/OC12/1G: non-

DWDM

Network adapters for NT/2000/Linux

OSICOM : 32×2.5G Gigamux (point-to-point)

More Vendors: ADC, Bosch, DSC, Ericsson,

Fujitsu,

Hitachi, NEC, Scientific-Atlanta, and Tellabs





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DWDM with SONET/SDHDWDM with SONET/SDH

oror

IP over DWDMIP over DWDM




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Different Approaches For IP Over WDMDifferent Approaches For IP Over WDM

IP/FRAME RELAY/SONET/WDM

IP/FRAME RELAY/ATM/SONET/WDM

IP/ATM/SONET/WDM

IP/SONET/WDM

IP/WDM

The Approach for direct IP over WDMThe Approach for direct IP over WDM

Optical adaptation layer approach

MPLS lambda-labeling approach




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DifferentDifferent NetworksNetworks LayersLayers

IP with (PPP/HDLC/SDL)

Frame Relay

ATM

SONET/SDH/PDH

Optical Adaptation Layer

Physical Layer (Optical Fiber)

IP/MPLS




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Optical Adaptation Layer

Functions Of Optical AdaptationFunctions Of Optical Adaptation

LayerLayer

Optical Transmission Section Layer

Optical Multiplex Section Layer

Optical Channel Layer

This transmits opticalsignals on various kinds of

fibers

Provides multiplexing for

multi wavelength optical

signalsThe overhead includes

monitoring fault and

performance

Provides end-to-endtransparent networkingCarry multi protocolsThe overhead includes

fault detection and

performance monitoring




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ConclusionConclusion




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DWDM Is The Best Solution ForDWDM Is The Best Solution ForThe Present And Future ScenarioThe Present And Future Scenario




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Future Optical NetworksFuture Optical Networks




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FutureFuture EvolutionsEvolutions

Hybrid switching paradigms

Spatial fiber switching techniques

Full Photonic Packet Switching

Migration switching regimes (packet, circuit, burst,

label, hybrid)

IP over voice (to make all data centric networks)

Dynamic and tunable optical components




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Future Networks on DWDMFuture Networks on DWDM





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Future Networks on DWDMFuture Networks on DWDM





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Optical Time Domain MultiplexingOptical Time Domain Multiplexing

To modulate a CW Light to desire format and at high bit rate > 40 Gbps





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Optical Time Domain DemultiplexingOptical Time Domain Demultiplexing

Modulators are used (which increases the price) for OTDM

To get desired chirp parameter for enhancing the transmission distance





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Potential Evolution Of Optical Networking Towards PacketPotential Evolution Of Optical Networking Towards Packet

SwitchingSwitching





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Hybrid SwitchingHybrid Switching





DWDM allows 32- to 128- channels per fiber DWDM allows 32- to 128- channels per fiber

Several types of fibers with different dispersionSeveral types of fibers with different dispersioncharacteristicscharacteristics

Wavelength routers/switchesWavelength routers/switches ⇒⇒ all-optical networksall-optical networks

Solitons allow high-datarate over very longSolitons allow high-datarate over very longdistancesdistances

Optical Packet switching is around the cornerOptical Packet switching is around the corner

SummarySummary

(2) DWDM Glownet 91 Slide

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