2 Closing with the Enemy Company Team Maneuver 3 1. IDENTIFY TACTICAL PROBLEMS CO/TMs HAVE WHILE IN DIRECT FIRECONTACT WITH ENEMY FORCES. 2. RECOMMEND.

2

Closing with the Enemy Company Team Maneuver

3

1. IDENTIFY TACTICAL PROBLEMS CO/TMs HAVE WHILE IN DIRECT FIRECONTACT WITH ENEMY FORCES.

2. RECOMMEND SPECIFIC TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES.

3. RECOMMEND SPECIFIC TRAINING METHODS TO IMPROVE THE EXECUTION OF THE TTPs.

PURPOSE

4

AGENDA

• PURPOSE

• MISSION OF THE MECHANIZED OR ARMOR CO/TM

• OBSERVATIONS

• BATTLE SPACE

• CO/TM MANEUVER

• KEY DOCTRINE

• HOW TO TRAIN

• CONCLUSION

5

MISSION

6

MISSION

THE FUNDAMENTAL MISSION OF THE TANK PLATOON [COMPANY] IS TO CLOSE WITH AND DESTROY THE ENEMY

P. 1-1, FM 17-15, TANK PLATOON, NOVEMBER 1995

THE MISSION OF THE MECHANIZED INFANTRY IS TO CLOSE WITH THE ENEMY BY MEANS OF FIRE AND MANEUVER TO DEFEAT OR CAPTURE HIM OR TO REPEL HIS ASSAULT BY FIRE, CLOSE COMBAT, AND COUNTERATTACK

P. 1-1, FM 7-7J, MECHANIZED INFANTRY PLATOON AND SQUAD (BRADLEY), MAY 1993

7

KEY ISSUE

MECHANIZED INFANTRYMEN AND TANKERS MUST CLOSE WITH THE ENEMY TO PERFORM THEIR DOCTRINAL MISSION

INFANTRYMEN AND TANKERS KILL

WITH DIRECT FIRE!

8

KEY QUESTION

HOW DO WE

KILL

WITHOUT BEING

KILLED?

HOW DO WE

KILL

WITHOUT BEING

KILLED?

9

NO-MAN’S LAND MAY BE DEFINED AS THE ZONE BETWEEN THE FORWARD EDGES OF THE TWO ARMIES WHICH ARE LOCKED IN COMBAT AGAINST EACH OTHER. IT IS USUALLY AN UNINHABITED AND DESOLATE PLACE IN ITSELF; BUT ON EITHER SIDE OF IT THERE WILL BE BODIES OF ARMED AND FRIGHTENED MEN WHO ARE FIGHTING FOR THEIR LIVES. THESE BODIES WILL FREQUENTLY EXCHANGE SHOTS AT LONG RANGE, AND MAY FROM TIME TO TIME ATTEMPT A FORWARD MOVEMENT TO FINISH OFF THEIR OPPONENTS AT CLOSE QUARTERS. THE OUTCOME OF THE GREATER CONFLICT WILL USUALLY REVOLVE AROUND THE SUCCESS OR FAILURE OF A MULTITUDE OF SUCH ATTACKS. IF THE DEFENDERS CAN BY AND LARGE KEEP THEIR PERIMETERS INVIOLATE THEY WILL TRIUMPH. IF THEY FAIL, THEN THE ATTACKERS WILL BE FREE TO MOVE ON TO FRESH VICTORIES FURTHER AFIELD. IT IS THUS THE STRUGGLE FOR NO-MAN’S-LAND WHICH DETERMINES THE SHAPE OF THE BATTLE AS A WHOLE.

PADDY GRIFFITH, SENIOR LECTURER ON WAR STUDIES AT

THE ROYAL MILITARY ACADEMY, SANDHURST.

(P.3, FORWARD INTO BATTLE, 1990)

WHAT’S AT STAKE ?

10

OBSERVATIONS

11

OBSERVATIONS

• CO/TMs EXECUTE MANEUVER POORLY• CO/TMs ARE NOT LETHAL• CO/TMs ARE NOT SURVIVABLE• CO/TMs ARE NOT ABLE TO SUCCESSFULLY SET

AND CHANGE THE CONDITIONS OF THE BATTLE BY ACTION (INITIATIVE)

• CO/TMs, AS A RESULT, ARE NOT ABLE TO ACHIEVE ASSIGNED TASKS AND PURPOSES

12

CO/TM ARE NOT SURVIVABLE

13

CO/TMs DO NOT EFFECTIVELY

• Reconnoiter

• Gain visual contact with the enemy before the enemy initiates physical contact

• Use cover and concealment

• Kill or suppress with fires

• Aggressively move to exploit the effects of fires

• Choose the best formation, movement technique, and rate of movement for the situation

• Control “set-move” drills • Secure flanks and rear

14

BATTLE SPACE

15

BATTLE SPACE

BATTLE SPACE IS THE CONCEPTUAL PHYSICAL VOLUME IN WHICH THE COMMANDER SEEKS TO DOMINATE THE ENEMY. IT EXPANDS AND CONTRACTS IN RELATION TO THE COMMANDER’S ABILITY TO ACQUIRE AND ENGAGE THE ENEMY....

P. 4-4, FM 100-40, TACTICS (INITIAL DRAFT),

MARCH 1996.

AT THE MOST FUNDAMENTAL LEVEL, BATTLE SPACE IS THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL AREA IN WHICH THE PLATOON CAN ACQUIRE ENEMY FORCES AND INFLUENCE THEM WITH EFFECTIVE FIRE....

P. 2-19, FM 17-15, TANK PLATOON,

NOVEMBER 1995.

16

THE ENEMY HAS BATTLESPACE TOO !

DANGEROUS AREA!

17

MANEUVER

18

MANEUVER

1. BOTH A PRINCIPLE OF WAR AND A DOCTRINAL TERM.

2. PRINCIPLE OF WAR: “PLACE THE ENEMY IN A POSITION OF DISADVANTAGE THROUGH THE FLEXIBLE APPLICATION OF COMBAT POWER”

P. 2-5, FM 100-5, OPERATIONS, JUNE 1993

3. DOCTRINAL TERM: “THE EMPLOYMENT OF FORCES ON THE BATTLEFIELD THROUGH MOVEMENT OF COMBAT FORCES, IN RELATION TO THE ENEMY, SUPPORTED BY FIRE, OR FIRE POTENTIAL FROM ALL SOURCES, TO GAIN POTENTIAL ADVANTAGE, FROM WHICH TO DESTROY OR THREATEN DESTRUCTION OF THE ENEMY IN ORDER TO ACCOMPLISH THE MISSION”

P. 1-173, FM 101-5-1, OPERATIONAL TERMS AND GRAPHICS, FINAL DRAFT, JULY 1995

19

COMPANY TEAMMANEUVER

• MANEUVER

• SEE THE ENEMY

• ACTIONS ON CONTACT

• FIRE AND MOVEMENT / GENERAL PATTON’S “TWO-WAY ATTACK”

• USE TERRAIN

• SECURITY

• MAINTAIN CONTACT AT ALL ECHELONS

• COMBINED ARMS

20

SEEING THE ENEMY

21

SEE TO KILL

QUICKLY ORIENT SOLDIERS SO THEY CAN USE THEIR PRECISION DIRECT FIRE WEAPONS TO KILL AND/ OR SUPPRESS

TARGET ACQUISITION TO KILL

22

SEE TO MANEUVER

RECON TO GET INFORMATION TO DETERMINE THE BEST WAY TO MANEUVER , MASS, AND DESTROY.

GUIDONSBATTLE ORDERS!

23

SEE THE ENEMY

IPBRECONNAISSANCE

TARGET ACQUISITION&

ACTIONS ON CONTACT(EXECUTE DIRECT FIRE)

“VISUALIZE THE ENEMY”

“SEEK VISUAL CONTACT”

“SEE THE ENEMY”

“KILL THE EMEMY”

ACTIONS ON THEOBJECTIVE

(EXECUTE DIRECT FIRE)

24

IDEA

WHAT INFORMATION ABOUT THE ENEMY MUST I HAVE?

25

IPB: ”HYPOTHETICAL BEST GUESS”

• COA DEVELOPMENT

• SURVEILLANCE PLAN

• RECONNAISSANCE PLAN

• SECURITY PLAN

• ID OF MANEUVER OPTION

SUPPORTS:

26

RECONNAISSANCE(ABOUT THE ENEMY & TERRAIN)

“RECONNAISSANCE IS A MISSION UNDERTAKEN TO OBTAIN INFORMATION…. RECONNAISSANCE PRODUCES COMBAT INFORMATION …. IT IS PERFORMED BEFORE AND DURING OTHER COMBAT OPERATIONS TO PROVIDE INFORMATION USED BY THE COMMANDER TO CONFIRM OR MODIFY HIS CONCEPT.”

P. 3-1, FM 17-97, CAVALRY TROOP, OCTOBER 1995

“RECONNAISSANCE IS A MISSION NOT A FORCE”

2726

WE MUST PLAN TO SEE THE ENEMY TO BE

ABLE TO KILL

IPB

RECONNAISSANCE

TARGET ACQUISITION

LETHALDIRECT

FIRE

28

RECONNAISSANCE

• CONFIRMATION / DENIAL OF IPB

• COMBAT DECISION MAKING

• FRAGO’S• MANEUVER • SECURITY• TARGET ACQUISITION/

LETHAL DIRECT FIRE

SUPPORTS:

29

CO/TM RECONNAISSANCE

“MANY TANKS ARE LOST THROUGH THE FAILURE OF THE CREWS OR THE PLATOON LEADER TO MAKE A FOOT RECONNAISSANCE. PEOPLE GET VEHICLE BOUND AND NEVER DISMOUNT. BEFORE EXPOSING A VALUABLE TANK AND THE LIVES OF ITS CREW TO THE DANGER OF DESTRUCTION BY CROSSING AN UNRECONNOITERED SKYLINE OR EMERGING FROM COVER, A FOOT RECONNAISSANCE WITH GLASSES SHOULD BE MADE. HERE AGAIN WE HAVE THE QUESTION OF HASTE AND SPEED. IT MAY SEEM A WASTE OF TIME TO TAKE A LOOK, BUT IT IS CERTAIN DEATH TO GET ON THE FRONT SLOPE WITHIN EFFECTIVE RANGE OF UNDISCOVERED ANTI-TANK [WEAPONS] OR LURKING ENEMY TANKS.”

GEN. PATTON, 20 MAY 1944.

30

SECTION AND PLATOONSURVEILLANCE

31

SECTION SURVEILLANCE

32

SECTION SURVEILLANCE

33

TARGET ACQUISITION

“THE TARGET ACQUISITION PROCESS IS A SERIES OF PROGRESSIVE AND INTERRELATED STEPS BY WHICH A CREW OR SQUAD ACQUIRES TARGETS ON THE BATTLEFIELD. IT IS A CONTINUING REQUIREMENT FOR ALL CREWS OR SQUAD MEMBERS, WHETHER ... MOVING, STATIONARY, MOUNTED OR DISMOUNTED....”

P. 3-33, FM 17-98, THE SCOUT PLATOON,

SEPTEMBER 1994

3431

TARGET ACQUISITION

• OUR “KILLERS” ON THE ENEMY

• SEARCH TECHNIQUES

FOCUSES:

SUPPORTS:

• LETHAL DIRECT FIRES

35

TARGET ACQUISITION(SIX STEPS)

• CREW OR SQUAD SEARCH (OBSERVATION)

• DETECTION

• LOCATION

• IDENTIFICATION

• CLASSIFICATION

• CONFIRMATION

36

TARGET ACQUISITION(SEARCH TECHNIQUES)

• GROUND SEARCH;

– RAPID SCAN

– SLOW (50M) SCAN

– DETAILED SEARCH

• AIR SEARCH

• OFF-CENTER VISION

FM 17-98, SCOUT PLATOON

FM 17-21-1, TANK GUNNERY, VOL 1

FM 23-1, BRADLEY GUNNERY

37

CREW TARGET ACQUISITION(CREW SEARCH)

38

CREW TARGET ACQUISITION(CREW SEARCH)

39

DETECTION

• MOVEMENT

• DUST

• MUZZLE BLAST

• MUNITIONS EFFECTS; TRACERS, BLAST, DUST, ECT.

• ANGULAR / UNNATURAL SHAPES OR SILHOUETTES

• REFLECTIONS FROM OPTICS, GLASS, METAL

• ANTENNA TIPS

• EXHAUST PLUMES

• SPOIL FROM FIGHTING POSITIONS OR OBSTACLES (OFF COLOR SOIL)

• OBSTACLES

• GARBAGE

• HOT SPOTS

• NOISE: TRACKS, ENGINES, WEAPONS REPORTS, METAL ON METAL, ROTORS, ECT.

• DISTURBED VEGETATION

• TRACK MARKS / FOOT PRINTS

40

CONTACT(SEVEN TYPES)

• VISUAL CONTACT (FRIENDLY ELEMENTS MAY NOT BE OBSERVED BY THE ENEMY)

• PHYSICAL CONTACT WITH A SUPERIOR, INFERIOR, OR UNKNOWN ENEMY

• INDIRECT FIRE CONTACT

• CONTACT WITH OBSTACLE OF ENEMY OR UNKNOWN ORIGIN

• CONTACT WITH ENEMY OR UNKNOWN AIRCRAFT

• SITUATION INVOLVING NBC CONDITIONS

• SITUATION INVOLVING ELECTRONIC WARFARE TACTICS

P. 3-21, FM 17-15, TANK PLATOON, NOVEMBER 1995.

41

CONTACT OCCURS WHEN

• ENEMY IS OBSERVED

• DIRECT OR INDIRECT FIRES ARE OBSERVED OR RECEIVED

• SITUATIONS THAT REQUIRE ACTIVE OR PASSIVE RESPONSES TO THE ENEMY ARE ENCOUNTERED

• THE CHAIN OF COMMAND OR ADJACENT UNIT REPORTS CONTACT

42

ACTIONS ON CONTACT

43

CONTACT

“ACTIONS ON CONTACT” AND

“BATTLE DRILLS”

TRIGGERS

44

ACTIONS ON CONTACT

• DEPLOY AND REPORT

• EVALUATE / DEVELOP THE SITUATION

• CHOOSE A COURSE OF ACTION

• RECOMMEND / EXECUTE A COURSE OF ACTION

P. 3-20, FM 17-15, TANK PLATOON,

NOVEMBER 1995

45

DEPLOY AND REPORT

• IDENTIFY TYPE OF CONTACT

– VISUAL

– DIRECT FIRE

– INDIRECT FIRE / CAS

– E W

– MINES / OBSTACLES

• DEPLOY TO COVERED TERRAIN WITH GOOD OBSERVATION / FIELDS OF FIRE

• SPOT REPORT

SUPERIORORINFERIORFORCE

46

DEVELOP THE SITUATION

• DEFINE CONTACT BY RECONNAISSANCE (MOUNTED, DISMOUNTED, AND FIRE)

• IDENTIFY SIZE, COMPOSITION, ACTIVITY, AND ORIENTATION OF ENEMY FORCES

• IDENTIFY OBSTACLES AND KILL SACKS

• IDENTIFY FLANKS

• USE FIRE (DIRECT / INDIRECT) TO SUPPORT RECON

• SPOT REPORT

47

DEVELOP / CHOOSE ACOURSE OF ACTION

• C O A, MUST BE WITHIN HIGHER INTENT / PURPOSE

• C O A, MUST BE WITHIN CAPABILITIES OF UNIT IN CONTACT

• SPOT REPORTS

48

CHOOSE A COURSEOF ACTION

• BREAK CONTACT AND BYPASS

• MAINTAIN CONTACT AND BYPASS

• MAINTAIN CONTACT TO SUPPORT HASTY ATTACK

• CONDUCT A HASTY ATTACK

• ESTABLISH A HASTY DEFENSE

49

RECOMMEND / EXECUTECOURSE OF ACTION

• RECOMMEND C O A TO HIGHER• HIGHER APPROVES• EXECUTE C O A

50

TARGET ACQUISITION AND ACTIONS ON

CONTACT

THESE ARE INTERRELATED, MUTUALLY SUPPORTING PROCESSES. WHEN A [SOLDIER] DETECTS AN ENEMY FORCE OR A SIGNATURE INDICATING THE POSSIBLE PRESENCE OF AN ENEMY FORCE. HE MUST QUICKLY COMPLETE THE STEPS OF BOTH PROCESSES SIMULTANEOUSLY. FOR EXAMPLE, THE [SOLDIER] CANNOT SEND AN ACCURATE SPOT REPORT, WHICH IS A SUBTASK OF ACTIONS ON CONTACT, UNLESS HE HAS LOCATED THE TARGET, A SUBTASK OF TARGET ACQUISITION.

51

TARGET ACQUISITION VERSUS ACTIONS ON

CONTACTFM 17-98

TARGET ACQUISITION ACTIONS ON CONTACT

CREW SEARCH -RETURN FIRE ONLY IF FIRED UPON. DETECTION -DEPLOY-MOVE TO COVERED AND CONCEALED POSITION -REPORT CONTACT.

LOCATE -REPORT INITIAL SPOT REPORT, INCLUDING. -DEVELOP THE SITUATION-CONDUCT RECONNAISSANCE TO DETERMINE COMPLETE SITUATION.

IDENTIFY -REPORT-UPDATE SPOT REPORT.

CLASSIFY -DETERMINE AND RECOMMEND A COURSE OF ACTION BASED ON A COMPLETELY DEVELOPED SITUATION.

CONFIRM -APPROVE AND EXECUTE THE COURSE ACTION IN ACCORDANCE, WITH COMMANDER’S INTENT OR

COMMANDER’S APPROVAL.

52

MANEUVER

• FUNCTION OF FIRE AND MOVEMENT

• KEEPS THE ENEMY OFF BALANCE

• REDUCES THE ENEMY’S OPTIONS

• EXPLOITS IDENTIFIED ENEMY WEAKNESSES

• PROVIDES FORCE PROTECTION

• PROVIDES FREEDOM OF ACTION

• MUST BE AGILE AND AVOID DOGGED ADHERENCE TO A PLAN

FM 100-40, TACTICS, INITIAL DRAFT,

MARCH 1995.

53

FIRE AND MOVEMENT/GENERAL PATTON’S “TWO-WAY ATTACK”

54

FIRE AND MOVEMENT

• ENEMY DEAD AND/OR DESTROYED• FRIENDLY FORCE COMBAT EFFECTIVE

AFTER HAVING ACHEIVED ITS TASK AND PURPOSE

• FRIENDLY FORCE PREPARED FOR CONTINUED OPERATIONS

• LETHAL FIRES

• COMBINED ARMS

• SECURE MOVEMENT

• FORCE THE ENEMY TO FIGHT IN AT LEAST TWO DIRECTION

ENDSTATE:

METHOD:

55

FIRE AND MOVEMENT(MOVEMENT TECHNIQUES)

X

X

56

FIRE & MOVEMENT

FIRE AND MOVEMENT: “THE POLICY OF HOLDING THE ENEMY BY THE NOSE WITH FIRE AND KICKING HIM IN THE PANTS WITH MOVEMENT IS JUST AS TRUE AS WHEN I WROTE IT, SOME TWENTY YEARS AGO, AND AT THAT TIME IT HAD BEEN TRUE SINCE THE BEGINNING OF WAR. ANY OPERATION, REDUCED TO ITS PRIMARY CHARACTERISTICS, CONSIST IN MOVING DOWN THE ROAD TILL YOU BUMP INTO THE ENEMY. IT MAY BE ONE ROAD OR IT MAY BE SEVERAL ROADS. WHEN YOU HAVE BUMPED HOLD HIM AT THE POINT OF CONTACT WITH FIRE WITH ABOUT A THIRD OF YOUR COMMAND MOVE THE REST INA WIDE ENVELOPMENT SO THAT YOU CAN ATTACK HIM FROM HIS REAR FLANK. THE ENVELOPING ATTACK SHOULD START FIRST. THE INITIAL NOSE ATTACK STARTS TO MOVE FORWARD ONLY WHEN THE ENEMY HAS PROPERLY REACTED TO THE EVELOPING ATTACK. THEN THE DIRECT ATTACK CAN GO IN EASILY AND FAST.”

GEN. PATTON WAR AS I KNEW IT

57

TWO-WAY ATTACK

TWO-WAY ATTACK: “WHEREVER POSSIBLE, BEGINNING WITH THE SQUAD, USE A BASE OF FIRE AND MANEUVERING ELEMENT. THE MANEUVERING ELEMENT SHOULD BE THE LARGER OF THE TWO FORCES, AND SHOULD START ITS ATTACK WELL BACK FROM THE POINT OF CONTACT OF THE BASE OF FIRE. THE MANEUVERING FORCE MUST PROCEED SUFFICIENTLY FAR BEYOND THE HOSTILE FLANK TO ATTACK FROM THE REAR. AS SOON AS THE ENVELOPING ATTACK, OR BETTER, THE REAR ATTACK, HAS PROGRESSED SUFFICIENTLY TO CAUSE THE ENEMY TO REACT, THE BASE OF FIRE TRANSFORMS ITSELF INTO A DIRECT ATTACK ALONG THE ORIGINAL AXIS OF ADVANCE.”

GEN. PATTON WAR AS I KNEW IT

58

FIRE AND MOVEMENT(MANEUVER)

combined arms+make the enemy fight inmultiple directions ASAP!

59

LETHAL DIRECT FIRE

SUPPORTS:

– DESTRUCTION OF ENEMY

– MANEUVER TO ENVELOP

– MANEUVER TO PENETRATE

– MISSION (TASK/ PURPOSE) SUCCESS!

60

SECTION DIRECTFIRE PLAN

61

SECTION DIRECTFIRE PLAN

62

TEMPLATE TO KILL

CO/TM SITUATIONAL TEMPLATE

CO/TM RECONNAISSANCE

CO/TM SURVEILLANCE/DIRECT FIRE

PLT SURVEILLANCE/DIRECT FIRE

SECTION SURVEILLANCE PLAN/ DIRECT FIRE PLAN

CREW/SQUAD TGT ACQUISITION

KILL OR

SUPPRESS OR

CONTINUE TO OBSERVE

63

SUPPRESSION

THE EFFECT OF FIRE (PRIMARILY ARTILLERY FIRE) UPONTHE BEHAVIOR OF HOSTILE PERSONNEL, REDUCING, LIMITING, OR INHIBITING THEIR PERFORMANCE OF COMBAT DUTIES. SUPPRESSION LAST AS LONG AS THE FIRES CONTINUE AND FOR SOME BRIEF, INDETERMINATE PERIOD THEREAFTER. SUPPRESSION IS THE MOST IMPORTANT EFFECT OF ARTILLERY FIRE, CONTRIBUTING DIRECTLY TO THE ABILITY OF THE SUPPORT MANEUVER UNITS TO ACCOMPLISH THEIR MISSIONS WHILE PREVENTING THE ENEMY UNITS FROM ACCOMPLISHING THEIRS.

COL. T.N. DUPUY, US ARMY, RET. UNDERSTANDING WAR; HISTORY AND THEORY OF COMBAT.

64

CO/TMs MUST HAVE

• REFINED ENEMY SITUATIONAL TEMPLATE (IPB)

• RECONNAISSANCE PLAN

• DIRECT FIRE PLAN

65

45

BOTTOM LINE

• CO/TM’S MUST BE ABLE TO KILL TO BE SUCCESSFUL

• CO/TM’S KILL WITH DIRECT FIRE (MASSED)• CO/TM’S MUST “SEE” TO USE WEAPONS• CO/TM’S/PLT’S MUST HAVE RECONNAISSANCE

AND SURVEILLANCE EXCELLENCE SO THAT THE CREWS AND SQUADS CAN ACQUIRE THE ENEMY IN THEIR “SIGHTS”

• CREWS AND SQUADS MUST MASTER TARGET ACQUISITION

• CREWS AND SQUADS MUST MASTER PRECISION DIRECT-FIRE GUNNERY

66

TERRAIN

67

TERRAIN

USE TERRAIN TO ACQUIRE, KILL,

MOVE,AND SURVIVE!

68

TERRAIN

• HOW IS THE ENEMY USING THE TERRAIN?• WHERE CAN I MOVE:

– TO DEPLOY?– TO CLOSE?– TO INFILTRATE?– TO ENVELOP OR PENETRATE?

• FROM WHERE CAN I FIRE?• FROM WHERE CAN I OBSERVE?• WHERE CAN I FIND COVER AND CONCEALMENT?• HOW CAN I USE THE GROUND TO POSITION MY FORCE SO THAT THE ENEMY

FIGHTS IN TWO DIRECTIONS? • HOW DOES THE WEATHER AND LIGHT CONDITION AFFECT THE ABOVE? • IS THERE KEY OR DECISIVE TERRAIN?

69

SECURITY

70

SECURE THE FLANKAND REAR

MAINTAIN ALL-AROUND SECURITY WHILE MOVING. MAKE SURE FIGHTING VEHICLES AND DISMOUNTED INFANTRY ORIENT WEAPONS TO THE FRONT, FLANKS, AND REAR WHILE MOVING. ADOPTING OVERLAPPING SECTORS OF OBSERVATION ENSURES THE DETECTION OF ANY SIGNS OF ENEMY ACTIVITY, ESPECIALY OBSTACLES AND ANTITANK WEAPONS POSITIONS. AIR GUARDS CONSTANTLY SEARCH FOR APPROACHING AIRCRAFT. THESE LOCAL SECURITY MEASURES SUPPLEMENT THE SECURITY FORCES ESTABLISHED AT HIGHER HEADQUARTERS TO PROVIDE EARLY WARNING OF ENEMY ACTIVITY. THE BATTALION TASK FORCE SCOUT PLATOON NORMALLY CONDUCTS A SCREEN FORWARD OF THE TASK FORCE DURING MOVEMENT. FLANK AND REAR SECURITY ELEMENTS MAY BE USED WHEN THE BATTALION TASK FORCE IS MOVING INDEPENDENTLY.

P. 3-11, FM 71-1, TANK AND MECHANIZEDINFANTRY COMPANY TEAM, NOVEMBER 1988.

71

MAINTAIN CONTACT AT ALL LEVELS

72

MAINTAIN CONTACT AT ALL ECHELONS

• ONCE CONTACT IS MADE MAINTAIN IT: “LOCK-ON”

• “BATTLE HAND OVER”

• REDUNDANCY:

– OVERLAPPING SECTORS OF OBSERVATION IN CO/PLT/SECTION SURVEILLANCE PLANS

– OVERLAPPING SECTORS OF FIRE IN CO/PLT/SECTION

– DIRECT FIRE PLANS

– “WINGMAN” CONCEPT AT SECTION LEVEL

• MAINTAIN FREEDOM OF MANEUVER

73

MAINTAIN CONTACTAT ALL ECHELONS

WHEN ENEMY POSITIONS ARE ACQUIREDBY CREW/SQUADS/SECTIONS:

• REPORTS CONTACT!• GUNNER “LOCKS ON” TO KILL:

–MAINTAINS RETICLE ON TARGET OR TARGET AREA.–HALTS GROUND OR AIR SEARCH TECHNIQUES (“SCANNING”).–PREPARES TO KILL (IE. ESTABLISH RANGE TO TARGET, CHOOSE CORRECT OPTICS, ETC.).–REPORTS.

• WINGMAN” SECURES THE KILLER WHO IS “LOCKED ON”:–CONTINUES RAPID OR SLOW SCAN TO IDENTIFY OTHER POSSIBLE

TARGETS.–ENSURES LOCAL SECURITY.–SECURES FLANKS & REAR.–REPORTS.

• REDUNDANCY; PLATOONS “LOCK-ON” INDIVIDUAL ENEMY TANKS OR AT WEAPONS.

744

MAINTAIN CONTACTAT ALL ECHELONS

1. BLUE 4 GAINS VISUAL CONTACT … REMAINS “LOCKED ON”..

UNTIL ENEMY TANKS IS DESTROYED.

2. BLUE 3 MAINTAINS RAPID SCAN VIC TRP4 TO ID ANY OTHER ENEMY IN VIC TRP4

3. BLUE 1&2 MAINTAIN SURVEILLANCE TO THE NORTH OF BLUE 3&4.

4. INFANTRY CONTINUES TO INFILTRATE FORWARD TO CLOSE

& SECURE BLUE SOUTHERN FLANK.

75

COMBINED ARMS

76

COMBINED ARMS

- PUT THE ENEMY ON THE HORNS OF A TACTICAL DILEMMA- AS THE ENEMY REACTS TO ONE FORM OF CONTACT, HE MAKES HIMSELF VULNERABLE TO ANOTHER FORM - FORCE THE ENEMY TO REACT TO AS MANY FORMS OF CONTACT AS POSSIBLE AT ANY GIVEN TIME

77

COMBINED ARMS

1. LONG RANGE LETHAL/SUPPRESSIVE AT FIRES

2. SUPPRESSIVE ARTY FIRES

3. SCREENING SMOKE FIRES BY MORTARS

4. INFANTRY/TANKS CLOSE TO KILL

78

DOCTRINE

79

KEY DOCTRINE

• RECONNAISSANCE; FM 17-98 SCOUT PLATOON

FM 17-97 CAVALRY TROOP

FM 100-40 TACTICS

• ACTION ON CONTACT; FM 17-98 SCOUT PLATOON

FM 17-98 CAVALRY TROOP

FM 17-15 TANK PLATOON

• TARGET ACQUISITION ; FM 17-98 SCOUT PLATOON

FM 17-12-1 M1 TANK GUNNERY

FM 23-1 BRADLEY GUNNERY

• ACTION ON CONTACT & TARGET ACQUISITION; FM 17-98 SCOUT PLATOON

• DRILLS ; FM 7-7J INFANTRY (BRADLEY) PLATOON

FM 17-98 SCOUT PLATOON

FM 17-15 TANK PLATOON

• MANEUVER; FM 100-40 TACTICS

• ORDERS; FM 101-5 STAFF ORGANIZATION & OPERATIONS (PP. 7-1 & 7-2)

FM 7-30 THE INFANTRY BDE

80

TRAINING

81

HOW TO TRAIN

COLLECTIVE:• SEC/PLT/CO.TM SURVEILLANCE LANES

• SEC. RECONNAISSANCE LANES.(COMBAT RECON; MTD, DISMTD, FIRES)

• REPORTS: CONTACT, SPOT, & CDR’S SITREP

• SEC/PLT “DRILL” LANES

• SEC/PLT MANEUVER LANES (TGT ACQ, USE OF TERRAIN, FIRES).

• INFANTRY-ARMOR INFILTRATION/CLOSURE LANES

• MORTAR ADJUST FIRE LANES

• CO TM ACTION ON CONTACT LANE

• CO TM “TWO-WAY “ ATTACK LANE

• CO TM ACTION ON OBJ LANE

LEADER:• OPD/NCODP. (BATTLE CMD, ORDERS, RECONNAISSANCE, MANEUVER

ENEMY, COMBINED ARMS)

• SAND TABLE

• TERRAIN WALKS/TERRAIN APPRECIATION

82

CONCLUSION

83

• SUCCESSFUL CLOSURE WITH THE ENEMY

– SEE THE ENEMY: LEADERS + KILLERS

– ACTIONS ON CONTACT

– FIRE AND MOVEMENT

– “TWO-WAY ATTACK”*

– TERRAIN

– SECURITY WITH ECONOMY

– MAINTAIN CONTACT

– COMBINED ARMS*

COMPANY TEAM MANEUVER

*FORCE THE ENEMY TO FACE MULTIPLE FORMS OF CONTACT FROM AT LEAST TWO DIRECTIONS AT ONE TIME!

84

CONCLUSION

INFANTRYMEN & TANKERS MUST CLOSE WITH THE ENEMY TO ACCOMPLISH THEIR

DOCTRINAL MISSION.

RESOLVE, COURAGE, AGGRESSIVENESS AND SKILL ARE ESSENTIAL

THE CURRENCY OF EXCHANGE WILL BE MENS’ LIVES