2 bookend model

The Hebrew Calendar The Hebrew Calendar IssueIssue

THE QUESTIONTHE QUESTION::

Does the lunar month begin Does the lunar month begin at the conjunction or the at the conjunction or the

sighting of the first crescent sighting of the first crescent moon?moon?

What is at stake?What is at stake? What is at stake is the importance of following and observing What is at stake is the importance of following and observing

all the “all the “moedmoed” or appointed times on the appointed days ” or appointed times on the appointed days correctly as commanded in Torah by Yahuwah in Leviticus correctly as commanded in Torah by Yahuwah in Leviticus 23.23.

We know from scripture that Father’s ways of We know from scripture that Father’s ways of Measuring Measuring Time Time are different from man’s current ways of calculating are different from man’s current ways of calculating time.time.

A day does not end and a new day begin at 12 midnight, but A day does not end and a new day begin at 12 midnight, but after sunset. (after sunset. (and there was evening, then morning the first and there was evening, then morning the first dayday) If a day is divided by darkness, then why not a month?) If a day is divided by darkness, then why not a month?

A new year doesn’t begin on Jan 1st, but on the first day of A new year doesn’t begin on Jan 1st, but on the first day of the month of Abib. (Exodus 12:2 the month of Abib. (Exodus 12:2 You are to begin your You are to begin your calendar with this month; it will be the first month of the year calendar with this month; it will be the first month of the year for youfor you) The Aramaic word Adar () The Aramaic word Adar (1212thth mo mo) means “) means “darken darken eclipseeclipse” which implies the new year comes out of darkness ” which implies the new year comes out of darkness into light, the way a day ends and begins, so, why not the into light, the way a day ends and begins, so, why not the same for a month?same for a month?

Each month does Each month does notnot begin according to the Gregorian begin according to the Gregorian calendar calculated by the earth revolving around the sun, calendar calculated by the earth revolving around the sun, but by the rotation of the moon around the earth. but by the rotation of the moon around the earth.

Gen 1:14 Gen 1:14 And Elohim said, "Let there be lights in the expanse And Elohim said, "Let there be lights in the expanse of the sky to separate the day from the night, and let them of the sky to separate the day from the night, and let them serve as signs to mark seasons, serve as signs to mark seasons, ((moedmoed)) days and years… days and years…

The Conjunction looks like thisThe Conjunction looks like this

The First Waxing Crescent looks like thisThe First Waxing Crescent looks like this

Picture taken 5/15/2010 shortly Picture taken 5/15/2010 shortly afterafter sunset of 1 sunset of 1stst waxing crescent waxing crescent before nightfall and is untouched. before nightfall and is untouched. Does this look like twilight to you?Does this look like twilight to you?

11STST Waxing Crescent 6/13/2010 at 8:05PM 6 min after sunset! Waxing Crescent 6/13/2010 at 8:05PM 6 min after sunset!

Conjunctionist or Crescentist who is right and who is wrong?Conjunctionist or Crescentist who is right and who is wrong? In the Messianic Faith movement today we have primarily two In the Messianic Faith movement today we have primarily two

different belief systems on when a lunar month should end and different belief systems on when a lunar month should end and when the lunar month should start. when the lunar month should start.

The The ConjunctionistsConjunctionists believe that on the precise solar day that believe that on the precise solar day that the Conjunction occurs on, should be proclaimed as both the the Conjunction occurs on, should be proclaimed as both the last day of the old month and the 1last day of the old month and the 1stst day of the new month. day of the new month.

The The CrescentistsCrescentists believe that on the evening the Crescent believe that on the evening the Crescent moon is sighted in Israel in the sky after sunset, that the count moon is sighted in Israel in the sky after sunset, that the count for the first day of the lunar month should begin forward from for the first day of the lunar month should begin forward from that evening, thus proclaiming the 1that evening, thus proclaiming the 1stst day of the new month. day of the new month.

It is the purpose of this presentation to prove that both theories It is the purpose of this presentation to prove that both theories miss the mark by isolating one another and leaving out critical miss the mark by isolating one another and leaving out critical pieces of the puzzle in an effort to build their doctrine. pieces of the puzzle in an effort to build their doctrine.

We will present both sides of this issue and their faults We will present both sides of this issue and their faults andand how how the “ the “BOOKEND MODELBOOKEND MODEL” uses both the Conjunction and the ” uses both the Conjunction and the sighting of the 1sighting of the 1stst Crescent to determine the correct 1 Crescent to determine the correct 1stst day of day of the month. Please do not considered this to be a new calendar. the month. Please do not considered this to be a new calendar.

This issue has separated believers solely because of the This issue has separated believers solely because of the importance of timing when to celebrate Yahuwah’s feast days.importance of timing when to celebrate Yahuwah’s feast days.

We all agree the timing to celebrate the moed is very important We all agree the timing to celebrate the moed is very important and must be resolved if believers are to dwell together in unity. and must be resolved if believers are to dwell together in unity.

The Bible itself does not give any instruction as to what exactly, The Bible itself does not give any instruction as to what exactly, should constitute the "new moon”should constitute the "new moon”, so let us keep an open mind , so let us keep an open mind and look at all the puzzle parts that we have and see if we can and look at all the puzzle parts that we have and see if we can fit them all together for a clear picture and solve the riddle.fit them all together for a clear picture and solve the riddle.

If we try to draw from Biblical history as to how Israel If we try to draw from Biblical history as to how Israel determined the first day of the month, it can be difficult but not determined the first day of the month, it can be difficult but not impossible, because neither historians or the bible has been impossible, because neither historians or the bible has been completely clear on the subject. There is certainly completely clear on the subject. There is certainly NONO Biblical Biblical text mentioning the Crescent Moon as the beginning of the text mentioning the Crescent Moon as the beginning of the month, but we will take the month, but we will take the WITNESSESWITNESSES we have, and use the we have, and use the spiritual discernment we have today to confirm what is truth. spiritual discernment we have today to confirm what is truth. One witness is the Hebrew word One witness is the Hebrew word ChodeshChodesh. .

The Hebrew word The Hebrew word ChodeshChodesh for for MONTHMONTH oror New Moon New Moon comes comes from the root word from the root word ChadashChadash which means to be which means to be renewedrenewed, or , or repairedrepaired. . The word chodeshThe word chodesh has nothing to do with sighting has nothing to do with sighting the crescent. At the sighting of the first crescent, the moon has the crescent. At the sighting of the first crescent, the moon has been waxing up to 1½ to 2 solar days from the timing of the been waxing up to 1½ to 2 solar days from the timing of the Conjunction therefore the time of its renewal has passed. Conjunction therefore the time of its renewal has passed.

The Crescentists and Conjunctionists have separated to each The Crescentists and Conjunctionists have separated to each side of the pendulum on the calendar issue, each side taking side of the pendulum on the calendar issue, each side taking pieces of truth, but neither side using all the pieces at their pieces of truth, but neither side using all the pieces at their disposal. Each side is guilty of leaving parts of the puzzle out. disposal. Each side is guilty of leaving parts of the puzzle out.

Lets keep in mind that we live in a time where the gift of Lets keep in mind that we live in a time where the gift of knowledge has increased substantially, just as prophesied in knowledge has increased substantially, just as prophesied in Daniel 9, and our Messiah promised that the Holy Spirit would Daniel 9, and our Messiah promised that the Holy Spirit would guide us into guide us into ALLALL truth, and I believe He desires to do that. truth, and I believe He desires to do that.

We live in a marvelous time period when we are all witnessing We live in a marvelous time period when we are all witnessing first hand a divine move of the Holy Spirit worldwide that is first hand a divine move of the Holy Spirit worldwide that is causing believers to finally understand who we are in Messiah; causing believers to finally understand who we are in Messiah; part of the common wealth of the House of Israel, as we look part of the common wealth of the House of Israel, as we look upon a tremendous enlightenment that is falling on our upon a tremendous enlightenment that is falling on our brethren, the House of Judah, as they come into believing in brethren, the House of Judah, as they come into believing in Y'shua as the Messiah in vast numbers never seen before.Y'shua as the Messiah in vast numbers never seen before.

All this is not mere coincidence. It is divine providence as we All this is not mere coincidence. It is divine providence as we are getting ready to return to the land and fulfill prophecies our are getting ready to return to the land and fulfill prophecies our forefathers have been waiting to see for thousands of years. forefathers have been waiting to see for thousands of years.

I said all that to remind us that in order to solve I said all that to remind us that in order to solve this riddle on the Hebraic Calendar, we not only this riddle on the Hebraic Calendar, we not only need to gather accurate pieces from the past, but need to gather accurate pieces from the past, but we need to take those puzzle pieces and match we need to take those puzzle pieces and match them up with the knowledge we have been given them up with the knowledge we have been given today and what the spirit is revealing to us now, in today and what the spirit is revealing to us now, in our generation, and see what picture comes into our generation, and see what picture comes into focus.focus.

The final answer to this riddle should bring The final answer to this riddle should bring ALLALL the the witnesses we have on this puzzle to the table to fit witnesses we have on this puzzle to the table to fit them tightly together, both past, and present, them tightly together, both past, and present, leaving nothing out. leaving nothing out.

What are those witnesses we call pieces of the What are those witnesses we call pieces of the puzzle? puzzle?

We have the witness of the book of Enoch, and the We have the witness of the book of Enoch, and the witness of the historian Philo. We have the Torah, witness of the historian Philo. We have the Torah, and we have both math and astronomy of today. and we have both math and astronomy of today.

Let us start with some Let us start with some foundational understanding on foundational understanding on

AstronomyAstronomy

A Brief History Lesson from Andrew RothA Brief History Lesson from Andrew Roth The Persians set up the zodiac based on 4 main stars in 3000 The Persians set up the zodiac based on 4 main stars in 3000

BCE and the Zodiac was the standard tracker of the solar BCE and the Zodiac was the standard tracker of the solar year--in fact the most accurate measure of the year available year--in fact the most accurate measure of the year available until we could measure time from the center of our Milky Way until we could measure time from the center of our Milky Way Galaxy.Galaxy.

Meton developed the 19 year lunar cycle adapted by the Meton developed the 19 year lunar cycle adapted by the Rabbinic calendar in 432 BCE. Hipparchus discovered the Rabbinic calendar in 432 BCE. Hipparchus discovered the precession of the equinoxes in 128 BCE. Aristarchus of precession of the equinoxes in 128 BCE. Aristarchus of Samos, wrote that the sun was the center of the solar system Samos, wrote that the sun was the center of the solar system 2000 years before Copernicus. 2000 years before Copernicus.

Eratosthenes accurately calculated the earth shape and Eratosthenes accurately calculated the earth shape and circumference around 250 BCE. And Ptolemy had his circumference around 250 BCE. And Ptolemy had his masterpiece on astronomy, the Almagest, as an ancient masterpiece on astronomy, the Almagest, as an ancient bestseller whose accuracy would not be superseded until bestseller whose accuracy would not be superseded until Newton's "Principia".Newton's "Principia".

Where were all these classics? IN THE LIBRARY AT Where were all these classics? IN THE LIBRARY AT ALEXANDRIA--PHILO's home town. ALEXANDRIA--PHILO's home town. Continued…Continued…

Philo read all these things I mention. He is the only Jew to be Philo read all these things I mention. He is the only Jew to be well versed both in Hebrew mysticism and priestly secrets that well versed both in Hebrew mysticism and priestly secrets that he so frequently alludes to AND the best of the Greek he so frequently alludes to AND the best of the Greek knowledge which is itself derived partly from Egyptian, Persian knowledge which is itself derived partly from Egyptian, Persian and Babylonian systems before it.and Babylonian systems before it.

Basically even pre-civilization stellar observances of polar Basically even pre-civilization stellar observances of polar stars would have suggested a practical 360 day year which we stars would have suggested a practical 360 day year which we can track in the earliest civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt can track in the earliest civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt and elsewhere. and elsewhere.

The 360 day year with leap months at the end of 6 years was The 360 day year with leap months at the end of 6 years was done by the Persians. The Persians and Babylonians both done by the Persians. The Persians and Babylonians both anciently inter-calculated the years and tracked the equinoxes anciently inter-calculated the years and tracked the equinoxes and conjunctions. So did Egypt, which had 12 months 30 days and conjunctions. So did Egypt, which had 12 months 30 days each with 5 "between the year days" and a floating system each with 5 "between the year days" and a floating system that took 1460 years to balance by the Sothis (that took 1460 years to balance by the Sothis (SiriusSirius) star.) star.

The Babylonians and the Persians were also the source of the The Babylonians and the Persians were also the source of the "Magi"--Zoroastrian priests who tracked the star of Bethlehem "Magi"--Zoroastrian priests who tracked the star of Bethlehem otherwise known as Jupiter, but that's a long story. otherwise known as Jupiter, but that's a long story. Cont… Cont…

So even if you could make an argument that ancient Israel So even if you could make an argument that ancient Israel was the dumbest of all people--simple farmers who was the dumbest of all people--simple farmers who couldn't track stars and what not--they were held captive couldn't track stars and what not--they were held captive by nations who imposed their calendar on them that they by nations who imposed their calendar on them that they would have gotten used to. would have gotten used to.

That's what Josephus and Philo both tell us, "for thus they That's what Josephus and Philo both tell us, "for thus they learned to order their months from Egypt"--as Josephus learned to order their months from Egypt"--as Josephus says when dating the flood.says when dating the flood.

Julius Caesar burned the library in Alexandria by accident Julius Caesar burned the library in Alexandria by accident about 40 BCE, but he re-stocked it from copies at Rome about 40 BCE, but he re-stocked it from copies at Rome and Philo read all these things I mention. and Philo read all these things I mention.

So now Philo gets his chance to put ALL THIS STUFF So now Philo gets his chance to put ALL THIS STUFF together and what do we get? Exactly what we see in the together and what do we get? Exactly what we see in the writings he has left us, which matches perfectly with writings he has left us, which matches perfectly with Biblical math.Biblical math.

Guesswork? Hardly! Easy? Far from it. Guesswork? Hardly! Easy? Far from it. Words from Words from Andrew Roth Andrew Roth author of the Aramaic English author of the Aramaic English

New Testament New Testament

If you look directly across from the If you look directly across from the Full MoonFull Moon you find both the you find both the EndingEnding and the and the BeginningBeginning PointPoint of the moons lunar cycle. This of the moons lunar cycle. This is called the is called the AstronomicalAstronomical NEWNEW MOONMOON. This cycle completes . This cycle completes

between 29 and 30 solar days which averages 29.53 each month.between 29 and 30 solar days which averages 29.53 each month.

When the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun and all 3 When the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun and all 3 are lined up, this is called the are lined up, this is called the ConjunctionConjunction, because two celestial , because two celestial

bodies are conjoining at their closest points. There are 28 bodies are conjoining at their closest points. There are 28 Moonrises and Moonsets during this complete cycle (4 sets of 7). Moonrises and Moonsets during this complete cycle (4 sets of 7).

When the “true” When the “true” Full Moon Full Moon is completely 100% is completely 100% FULLFULL of light, just of light, just like the conjunction when the moon appears dark, it only lasts for like the conjunction when the moon appears dark, it only lasts for a moment, although it seems to last much longer. This happens a moment, although it seems to last much longer. This happens on average, on the 14on average, on the 14thth and 15 and 15thth solar day, on the lunar calendar. solar day, on the lunar calendar.

It takes the Moon an average of 29.53 solar days, to circle the It takes the Moon an average of 29.53 solar days, to circle the earth from conjunction to conjunction with the Sun (earth from conjunction to conjunction with the Sun (synodic synodic

periodperiod). From the Moon’s viewpoint with the Stars, it only takes ). From the Moon’s viewpoint with the Stars, it only takes 27.32 solar days to return to the point it started(27.32 solar days to return to the point it started(sidereal periodsidereal period). ).

Synodic and Sidereal Period of Moon VideoSynodic and Sidereal Period of Moon Videohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fLhxF6cnUoQ

The moment the moon moves The moment the moon moves OFFOFF the conjunction, a crescent the conjunction, a crescent immediately starts to form. This waxing moon cannot be seen immediately starts to form. This waxing moon cannot be seen from earth as it rises and sets with the sun for up to 18 hours from earth as it rises and sets with the sun for up to 18 hours

without modern infrared cameras because of the suns brightness.without modern infrared cameras because of the suns brightness.

The 1The 1stst solar day the Conjunction happens on does solar day the Conjunction happens on does notnot affect the affect the calendar immediately because that day must finish its 24 hours at calendar immediately because that day must finish its 24 hours at sundown. The following solar day is recorded as the 1sundown. The following solar day is recorded as the 1stst day on the day on the lunar calendar, unless the Conjunction happens “lunar calendar, unless the Conjunction happens “afterafter” sunset. ” sunset.

The Hebrew lunar calendar’s timing is set by Israel’s time clock. If The Hebrew lunar calendar’s timing is set by Israel’s time clock. If the Conjunction happens the Conjunction happens afterafter sunset Israeli time, then an extra sunset Israeli time, then an extra day is added to the calendar. Amazingly when this happens it is day is added to the calendar. Amazingly when this happens it is

alwaysalways on the 29 on the 29thth, so the 30, so the 30thth day is added to the lunar calendar. day is added to the lunar calendar.

The Conjunction is not to be confused with a lunar eclipse. This The Conjunction is not to be confused with a lunar eclipse. This takes place when the Full Moon is on the opposite side of the takes place when the Full Moon is on the opposite side of the

earth and passes through the earth’s shadow in perfect alignment earth and passes through the earth’s shadow in perfect alignment and the earth’s shadow blocks out the moon for several minutes. and the earth’s shadow blocks out the moon for several minutes.

When the When the ConjunctionConjunction is lined up perfectly on the ecliptic plane a is lined up perfectly on the ecliptic plane a solar eclipse is caused during the day, when what we call a “Dark solar eclipse is caused during the day, when what we call a “Dark Moon” occurs blocking out the sunlight during the day by casting Moon” occurs blocking out the sunlight during the day by casting its shadowy foot print on parts the earth, but not the whole earth.its shadowy foot print on parts the earth, but not the whole earth.

During the Conjunction the moon appears to be in darkness but During the Conjunction the moon appears to be in darkness but the reason the moon cannot be seen from earth for up to 36 hours the reason the moon cannot be seen from earth for up to 36 hours is because it is hidden by the brightness of the sun, as it rises and is because it is hidden by the brightness of the sun, as it rises and sets in unison with the sun during the course of up to 3 solar days.sets in unison with the sun during the course of up to 3 solar days.

NASANASA put on an put on an Extreme Lunar Crescent Contest Extreme Lunar Crescent Contest in 2007 and in 2007 and this was one of Martin Elsasser winning pictures taken in this was one of Martin Elsasser winning pictures taken in

Germany just over 4 hours Germany just over 4 hours afterafter the Miracle of the Conjunction. the Miracle of the Conjunction.

The pictures were taken on a mountain in Austria and this is the The pictures were taken on a mountain in Austria and this is the special tracking equipment and infrared camera Martin used to special tracking equipment and infrared camera Martin used to

take the award winning pictures in 2007. take the award winning pictures in 2007.

In 2008 Martin set a world record in Munich Germany by taking In 2008 Martin set a world record in Munich Germany by taking pictures minutes before the Conjunction. This is the new special pictures minutes before the Conjunction. This is the new special tracking equipment and baffle system, infrared camera he used.tracking equipment and baffle system, infrared camera he used.

Martin’s infrared picture taken minutes Martin’s infrared picture taken minutes beforebefore the Conjunction just the Conjunction just

before the lunar month comes to an endbefore the lunar month comes to an end. . It is at the moment of It is at the moment of the Conjunction on the Feast of Trumpets that the Messiah will the Conjunction on the Feast of Trumpets that the Messiah will return, raising the dead and catching up those who remain, with return, raising the dead and catching up those who remain, with

Him.Him.

Martin was delayed taking pictures immediately after the Martin was delayed taking pictures immediately after the Conjunction due to clouds. According to ancient historian's at the Conjunction due to clouds. According to ancient historian's at the

moment of the Conjunction the lunar month comes to an end. moment of the Conjunction the lunar month comes to an end.

Martin took this 44 minutes Martin took this 44 minutes afterafter the Conjunction. The New Moon the Conjunction. The New Moon Crescent actually forms moments after the Conjunction. If this Crescent actually forms moments after the Conjunction. If this

were to take place after sunset, Israel time, an addition day would were to take place after sunset, Israel time, an addition day would be added to the calendar before the 1be added to the calendar before the 1stst day could be declared. day could be declared.

The Problems with The Problems with Conjunctionist and Crescentist Conjunctionist and Crescentist

Lunar CalendarsLunar Calendars

Lets Identify the Puzzle PiecesLets Identify the Puzzle Pieces




Lets be clear from the start…Lets be clear from the start… There is probably There is probably NONO current Lunar Calendar in use today current Lunar Calendar in use today

that clearly uses all these puzzle pieces. If they were honest that clearly uses all these puzzle pieces. If they were honest and looked at all these pieces to the puzzle they would see and looked at all these pieces to the puzzle they would see the faults in their calendar.the faults in their calendar.

Most everyone that follows a lunar calendar has been led to Most everyone that follows a lunar calendar has been led to believe that there is primarily only believe that there is primarily only twotwo belief systems, and belief systems, and that is, either the that is, either the ConjunctionistConjunctionist or the or the CrescentistCrescentist interpretation. interpretation.

There is only one lunar calendar that uses all these There is only one lunar calendar that uses all these witnesses and that is the witnesses and that is the Bookend ModelBookend Model which is the only which is the only calendar the Levite Priest could have used to determine the calendar the Levite Priest could have used to determine the correct 1correct 1stst day of the month so that the “lunar” day comes to day of the month so that the “lunar” day comes to an an ENDEND at the conjunction, as ancient witnesses claim and at the conjunction, as ancient witnesses claim and so the feast days which fall in the middle of the month on so the feast days which fall in the middle of the month on the the 1414thth and and 1515thth will also have the glory of the Full Moon at will also have the glory of the Full Moon at that time. This is that time. This is NOTNOT a NEW Calendar but it is the sacred a NEW Calendar but it is the sacred calendar finally resurrected. calendar finally resurrected.

ConjunctionistsConjunctionists have a problem when starting and ending have a problem when starting and ending their month on the same day of the conjunction because:their month on the same day of the conjunction because:

1. each lunar month must have either 29 or 30 days, no more, 1. each lunar month must have either 29 or 30 days, no more, no less. By ending and starting their count from conjunction to no less. By ending and starting their count from conjunction to conjunction, the lunar calendar will conjunction, the lunar calendar will NEVERNEVER have 29 solar days have 29 solar days but will oscillate between 30 and 31 solar days.but will oscillate between 30 and 31 solar days.

2. a lunar year should only average 354.37 solar days. At the 2. a lunar year should only average 354.37 solar days. At the end of the year Conjunctionist will have on average 366 solar end of the year Conjunctionist will have on average 366 solar days. That is more days than the Gregorian’s calendar of 365days. That is more days than the Gregorian’s calendar of 365!!

3. their full moon will fall on average, either on the 153. their full moon will fall on average, either on the 15thth or 16 or 16th th

of their month instead of the 14of their month instead of the 14thth and 15 and 15thth. According to Philo . According to Philo the Full Moon should fall on Passover in the spring, on the 14the Full Moon should fall on Passover in the spring, on the 14thth and on the 15and on the 15th th in the fall for Tabernacles. The Conjunctionist in the fall for Tabernacles. The Conjunctionist Full Moon would be on the 16Full Moon would be on the 16thth for Passover and the same for for Passover and the same for Tabernacles the full moon falling on their 16Tabernacles the full moon falling on their 16thth of their month. of their month.

4. this theory also ignores the purpose of sighting the 4. this theory also ignores the purpose of sighting the Crescent, which historians declare was factual and had a Crescent, which historians declare was factual and had a purpose.purpose.

Even if Even if ConjunctionistsConjunctionists want to claim their month ends on the want to claim their month ends on the day day beforebefore the Conjunction occurs, they will still be in error the Conjunction occurs, they will still be in error because a day ends after sunset, and they will be proclaiming, because a day ends after sunset, and they will be proclaiming, from that evening their 1from that evening their 1stst day of the month up to 12 hours day of the month up to 12 hours before the occurrence of the Conjunction the following day. before the occurrence of the Conjunction the following day. This is like celebrating Sabbath 12 hours before the sunsets on This is like celebrating Sabbath 12 hours before the sunsets on Friday evening. Even if the Conjunction happens after sunset Friday evening. Even if the Conjunction happens after sunset and they add an extra day this doesn’t clear up their problems and they add an extra day this doesn’t clear up their problems because this will inadvertently give them 31 days in a month. because this will inadvertently give them 31 days in a month.

All this proves is the 1All this proves is the 1stst day cannot day cannot startstart on the calendar on the on the calendar on the same day the Conjunction falls on because it does not go along same day the Conjunction falls on because it does not go along with the lunar math or the witness of ancient historians.with the lunar math or the witness of ancient historians.

We know from the book of Enoch, as well as ancient historian’s We know from the book of Enoch, as well as ancient historian’s that the lunar month, and the counting that the lunar month, and the counting mustmust come to an come to an endend at at the Conjunction. But remember, the day the Conjunction occurs the Conjunction. But remember, the day the Conjunction occurs on cannot immediately affect the lunar calendar because that on cannot immediately affect the lunar calendar because that solar day must have time to come to an end at sundown. solar day must have time to come to an end at sundown.

So, what purpose does the Conjunction serve? We will see…So, what purpose does the Conjunction serve? We will see…

Figures below from the Figures below from the ConjunctionistConjunctionist Calendar for Calendar for 20102010. Please . Please notice that their calendar NEVER has a full moon on the notice that their calendar NEVER has a full moon on the 1414thth but but

only on the only on the 1515thth and and 1616thth and twice on the and twice on the 1717thth and there is never a and there is never a month with 29 solar days. This year also ends with 366 days. month with 29 solar days. This year also ends with 366 days.

Jan 30Jan 30thth F.M. ( F.M. (1616thth Shevat Shevat Full Moon Full Moon F.M.) a F.M.) a 3131 Day Month Day Month Feb 28Feb 28thth F.M. ( F.M. (1515thth of Adar F.M.) a of Adar F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month March 30March 30thth F.M. ( F.M. (1616thth of Abib Passover F.M.) a of Abib Passover F.M.) a 3131 Day Day

MonthMonth April 28April 28thth F.M. ( F.M. (1515thth Iyar F.M.) a Iyar F.M.) a 3131 Day Month Day Month May 28May 28thth F.M. ( F.M. (1515thth Sivan F.M.) a Sivan F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month June 26June 26thth F.M. ( F.M. (1515thth Tamuz F.M.) a Tamuz F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month July 26July 26thth F.M. ( F.M. (1616thth Av F.M.) a Av F.M.) a 3131 Day Month Day Month August 24August 24thth F.M. ( F.M. (1515thth Elul F.M.) a Elul F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month September 23September 23rdrd F.M. ( F.M. (1616thth of Tishrei F.M.) a of Tishrei F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month October 23October 23rdrd F.M. ( F.M. (1717thth of Cheshvan F.M.) a of Cheshvan F.M.) a 3131 Day Month Day Month November 21November 21stst F.M. ( F.M. (1616thth of Kislev F.M.) a of Kislev F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month December 21December 21stst F.M. ( F.M. (1717thth of Tevet F.M.) a of Tevet F.M.) a 3131 Day Month Day Month

Ancient Witnesses Testify…Ancient Witnesses Testify… Book of Enoch Section III: Book of Enoch Section III: 78:13…on the side whence 78:13…on the side whence

the light of the moon comes forth, there again she wanes the light of the moon comes forth, there again she wanes till till all the light vanishesall the light vanishes and all the and all the days of the month are days of the month are at an endat an end, and her circumference is empty, , and her circumference is empty, void of lightvoid of light..

Philo: Philo: (178)...the two young bulls since there are two (178)...the two young bulls since there are two motions of the motions of the MOONMOON as it continually runs its as it continually runs its double-double-course-course--the motion of -the motion of waxingwaxing until full until full MOONMOON and the and the motion of motion of waningwaning until its until its CONJUNCTIONCONJUNCTION with the sun; with the sun; one ram since there is one principle of reason by which one ram since there is one principle of reason by which the the MOONMOON waxeswaxes and and waneswanes in in equalequal intervalsintervals, both as it , both as it increasesincreases and and diminishesdiminishes in in illuminationillumination; the seven lambs ; the seven lambs because it receives the perfect shapes in periods of seven because it receives the perfect shapes in periods of seven days--the half-days--the half-MOONMOON in the first seven day period after its in the first seven day period after its CONJUNCTIONCONJUNCTION with the sun, full with the sun, full MOONMOON in the second; in the second; and when it makes its return again, the first is to half-and when it makes its return again, the first is to half-MOONMOON, , then it then it ceasesceases at its at its CONJUNCTIONCONJUNCTION with the sun with the sun..

If a day is divided at darkness, then why wouldn’t a If a day is divided at darkness, then why wouldn’t a month? month?

Below Below PhiloPhilo is is describing a period of timedescribing a period of time during the during the beginning of the month, beginning of the month, not a specific daynot a specific day. We must . We must balance out ALL of Philo’s statements, not just one. balance out ALL of Philo’s statements, not just one.

XXVI. (140) XXVI. (140) Following the order which we have adopted, Following the order which we have adopted, we proceed to speak of the third festival, that of the we proceed to speak of the third festival, that of the new new moonmoon. First of all, because it is the . First of all, because it is the beginning of the monthbeginning of the month, , and the beginning, and the beginning, whether of number or of timewhether of number or of time, is , is honourable. Secondly, because at this time there is honourable. Secondly, because at this time there is nothing in the whole of heaven destitute of light. (141) nothing in the whole of heaven destitute of light. (141) Thirdly, because at Thirdly, because at thatthat PeriodPeriod ((of timeof time) ) the more powerful the more powerful and important body gives a portion of necessary and important body gives a portion of necessary assistance to the less important and weaker body; for, assistance to the less important and weaker body; for, at at the timethe time of the new moonof the new moon, , the sun begins to illuminate the the sun begins to illuminate the moon with a light which is visible to the outward senses, moon with a light which is visible to the outward senses, and then she displays her own beauty to the beholdersand then she displays her own beauty to the beholders. . Italics mineItalics mine

You cannot have the counting of the month You cannot have the counting of the month ENDEND at the at the Conjunction, as Philo and Enoch state, and then have a one Conjunction, as Philo and Enoch state, and then have a one to two “0” day or days before counting to two “0” day or days before counting forwardforward for the first for the first day of the month when the Crescent finally appears. day of the month when the Crescent finally appears.

CrescentistsCrescentists have a real problem ending and starting a have a real problem ending and starting a month at the First Sighting of the Crescent Moon in Israel month at the First Sighting of the Crescent Moon in Israel because:because:

1. it completely ignores any verbiage from historian's that the 1. it completely ignores any verbiage from historian's that the month comes to an month comes to an ENDEND ( (stops the countstops the count) at the ) at the ConjunctionConjunction. .

2. although starting and ending the count from crescent to 2. although starting and ending the count from crescent to crescent will always give you correctly a 29 or 30 solar day crescent will always give you correctly a 29 or 30 solar day month, the problem is that 6 to 7 times each year the Full month, the problem is that 6 to 7 times each year the Full Moon will come and go on their 14Moon will come and go on their 14thth of the month, falling of the month, falling prematurelyprematurely on their 13 on their 13thth. Another words, their 14. Another words, their 14thth of the of the month only lands properly on the Full Moon 4 to 5 times each month only lands properly on the Full Moon 4 to 5 times each year, the rest of the time the Full Moon lands on their 13year, the rest of the time the Full Moon lands on their 13thth each month. Do you want to follow a calendar that the timing each month. Do you want to follow a calendar that the timing of their of their Full Moon Full Moon neither confirms the math but also ignores neither confirms the math but also ignores the witnesses of Historian‘s by not falling regularly on the 14the witnesses of Historian‘s by not falling regularly on the 14thth and 15and 15th th each month? each month?

3. The Hebrew meaning of the word chodesh to 3. The Hebrew meaning of the word chodesh to renewrenew couldn’t take place at the crescent sighting because the couldn’t take place at the crescent sighting because the moon started waxing moments after the conjunction up to 2 moon started waxing moments after the conjunction up to 2 days earlier.days earlier.

Figures below are the Figures below are the CrescentistCrescentist Calendar for the year Calendar for the year 20102010. . Notice their calendar has only 1 full moon on the Notice their calendar has only 1 full moon on the 1515thth the rest on the rest on the the 1313thth and and 1414thth and and 77 months the Full Moon falls prematurely months the Full Moon falls prematurely

including Sukkot. including Sukkot. Jan 30Jan 30thth F.M. ( F.M. (1414thth Shevat Shevat Full Moon Full Moon F.M.) a F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month Feb 28Feb 28thth F.M. ( F.M. (1313thth of Adar F.M.) a of Adar F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month March 30March 30thth F.M. ( F.M. (1313thth of Abib Passover F.M.) a of Abib Passover F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month April 28April 28thth F.M. ( F.M. (1313thth Iyar F.M.) a Iyar F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month May 28May 28thth F.M. ( F.M. (1313thth Sivan F.M.) a Sivan F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month June 26June 26thth F.M. ( F.M. (1313thth Tamuz F.M.) a Tamuz F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month July 26July 26thth F.M. ( F.M. (1313thth Av F.M.) a Av F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month August 24August 24thth F.M. ( F.M. (1313thth Elul F.M.) a Elul F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month Sept. 23Sept. 23rdrd F.M. ( F.M. (1414thth of Tishrei F.M. of Tishrei F.M. SukkotSukkot) a ) a 3030 Day Month Day Month October 23October 23rdrd F.M. ( F.M. (1414thth of Cheshvan F.M.) a of Cheshvan F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month November 21November 21stst F.M. ( F.M. (1515thth of Kislev F.M.) a of Kislev F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month December 21December 21stst F.M. ( F.M. (1414thth of Tevet F.M.) a of Tevet F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month

Now lets look at the Now lets look at the Hebrew Karaite Calendar for 2010Hebrew Karaite Calendar for 2010 from from AbibAbib to to AdarAdar. . TheThe Full Moon Full Moon falls prematurely 6 times on the 13falls prematurely 6 times on the 13thth and and twice on the 15twice on the 15thth, thus falling correctly only 6 months during half of , thus falling correctly only 6 months during half of

their year and off by one day for their year and off by one day for PassoverPassover and and SukkotSukkot. . 20102010 March 30 March 30thth F.M. ( F.M. (1313thth of Abib Passover) a of Abib Passover) a 2929 Day Day

MonthMonth April 28April 28thth F.M. ( F.M. (1313thth Iyar F.M.) a Iyar F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month May 28May 28thth F.M. ( F.M. (1313thth Sivan F.M.) a Sivan F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month June 26June 26thth F.M. ( F.M. (1313thth Tamuz F.M.) a Tamuz F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month July 26July 26thth F.M. ( F.M. (1313thth Av F.M.) a Av F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month August 24August 24thth F.M. ( F.M. (1313thth Elul F.M.) a Elul F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month Sept. 23Sept. 23rdrd F.M. ( F.M. (1414thth of Tishrei F.M. of Tishrei F.M. SukkotSukkot) a ) a 3030 Day Month Day Month October 23October 23rdrd F.M. ( F.M. (1414thth of Cheshvan F.M.) a of Cheshvan F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month November 21November 21stst F.M. ( F.M. (1515thth of Kislev F.M.) a of Kislev F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month December 21December 21stst F.M. ( F.M. (1414thth of Tevet F.M.) a of Tevet F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month 20112011 Jan 20 Jan 20thth F.M. ( F.M. (1515thth of Shevat F.M.) a of Shevat F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month February 18February 18thth F.M. ( F.M. (1414thth of Adar F.M.) a of Adar F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month

Figures below are the Figures below are the CrescentistCrescentist Calendar for the year Calendar for the year 20112011. . The Full Moon will fall early on their 13The Full Moon will fall early on their 13thth 5 times and only once on 5 times and only once on their 15their 15thth. This is NOT a balanced calendar. Being off 24 hours is . This is NOT a balanced calendar. Being off 24 hours is

close but causes us to celebrate feast days off by one day. close but causes us to celebrate feast days off by one day. Jan 19Jan 19thth F.M. ( F.M. (1515thth Shevat Shevat Full MoonFull Moon F.M.) a F.M.) a 2929 Day MonthDay Month Feb 18Feb 18thth F.M. ( F.M. (1414thth of Adar F.M.) a of Adar F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month March 19March 19thth F.M. ( F.M. (1414thth of Abib Passover F.M.) a of Abib Passover F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month April 18April 18thth F.M. ( F.M. (1414thth Iyar F.M.) a Iyar F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month May 17May 17thth F.M. ( F.M. (1313thth Sivan F.M.) a Sivan F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month June 15June 15thth F.M. ( F.M. (1313thth Tamuz F.M.) a Tamuz F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month July 15July 15thth F.M. ( F.M. (1313thth Av F.M.) a Av F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month August 13August 13thth F.M. ( F.M. (1313thth Elul F.M.) a Elul F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month Sept. 12Sept. 12thth F.M. ( F.M. (1313thth of Tishrei F.M. of Tishrei F.M. SukkotSukkot) a ) a 2929 Day Month Day Month October 12October 12rdrd F.M. ( F.M. (1414thth of Cheshvan F.M.) a of Cheshvan F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month November 10November 10thth F.M. ( F.M. (1414thth of Kislev F.M.) a of Kislev F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month December 10December 10thth F.M. ( F.M. (1414thth of Tevet F.M.) a of Tevet F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month

Now lets look at the Now lets look at the Hebrew Karaite Calendar for 2011 Hebrew Karaite Calendar for 2011 from from AbibAbib to to AdarAdar. . TheThe Full Moon Full Moon falls prematurely 5 times on the 13falls prematurely 5 times on the 13thth and and once on their 15once on their 15thth thus falling correctly only 7 months during their thus falling correctly only 7 months during their

year and off by 2 days for year and off by 2 days for SukkotSukkot but the year only has but the year only has 353353 days. days.

20112011 March 19 March 19thth F.M. ( F.M. (1414thth of Abib Passover) a of Abib Passover) a 3030 Day Day MonthMonth

April 18April 18thth F.M. ( F.M. (1414thth Iyar F.M.) a Iyar F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month May 17May 17thth F.M. ( F.M. (1313thth Sivan F.M.) a Sivan F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month June 15June 15thth F.M. ( F.M. (1313thth Tamuz F.M.) a Tamuz F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month July 15July 15thth F.M. ( F.M. (1313thth Av F.M.) a Av F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month August 13August 13thth F.M. ( F.M. (1313thth Elul F.M.) a Elul F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month Sept. 12Sept. 12thth F.M. ( F.M. (1313thth of Tishrei F.M. of Tishrei F.M. SukkotSukkot) a ) a 2929 Day Month Day Month October 12October 12rdrd F.M. ( F.M. (1414thth of Cheshvan F.M.) a of Cheshvan F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month November 10November 10thth F.M. ( F.M. (1414thth of Kislev F.M.) a of Kislev F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month December 10December 10thth F.M. ( F.M. (1414thth of Tevet F.M.) a of Tevet F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month 20122012 Jan 9 Jan 9thth F.M. ( F.M. (1414thth of Shevat F.M.) a of Shevat F.M.) a 2929 Day month Day month February 8February 8thth F.M. ( F.M. (1515thth of Adar F.M.) a of Adar F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month

Geza Vermes, the premier Dead Sea Scrolls researcher Geza Vermes, the premier Dead Sea Scrolls researcher explains that the non-sectarian Jewish calendar was regulated explains that the non-sectarian Jewish calendar was regulated by the lunar movements with monthly variations of by the lunar movements with monthly variations of 2929 or or 3030 days. days.

This was a This was a 354354-day,-day, 8 hours, 48’ 38” 8 hours, 48’ 38” year, or year, or 354 ¼354 ¼ that that needed to be adjusted by adding an additional needed to be adjusted by adding an additional 2929 day month day month every every 3636 lunar months (or 3 years), or six times in a 19 year lunar months (or 3 years), or six times in a 19 year cycle a 13cycle a 13thth month is added to adjust the calendar which will month is added to adjust the calendar which will keep the seasons on track because a keep the seasons on track because a solar year comprises of solar year comprises of 365 days, 5 hours, 48’ 48”.365 days, 5 hours, 48’ 48”. The difference between a lunar The difference between a lunar year and a solar year amounts, to 10 days 21 hours.year and a solar year amounts, to 10 days 21 hours.

A A kesidrahkesidrah year ("regular" or "in-order") will have year ("regular" or "in-order") will have 6 months 6 months of of 29 days 29 days and and 6 months 6 months of of 30 days 30 days totaling totaling 354 ¼354 ¼ solar solar days, no more, no less. There is a near-repetition every 247 days, no more, no less. There is a near-repetition every 247 years, except for an excess of 50 minutes (905 parts). years, except for an excess of 50 minutes (905 parts).

The Crescentist calendar is unstable and unbalanced in their The Crescentist calendar is unstable and unbalanced in their math concerning their timing of the Full Moon falling math concerning their timing of the Full Moon falling irregularly on the 13irregularly on the 13thth and 14 and 14thth and rarely on the 15 and rarely on the 15thth. For the . For the Hebrew calendar year of 2011, Abib/Adar, the year only had Hebrew calendar year of 2011, Abib/Adar, the year only had 353353 days. days.

Philo’s Witness of Sukkot, Full Moon on the Philo’s Witness of Sukkot, Full Moon on the 1515thth

(189) (189) On the On the FIFTEENTHFIFTEENTH day, at full day, at full MOONMOON, the feast , the feast which is called "which is called "the feast of boothsthe feast of booths" is celebrated for " is celebrated for which the supplies of the sacrifices are more numerouswhich the supplies of the sacrifices are more numerous. . (155)…and this feast is begun on the (155)…and this feast is begun on the fifteenth dayfifteenth day of the of the month, in the middle of the month, on the day on which the month, in the middle of the month, on the day on which the moon is full of lightmoon is full of light, in consequence of the providence of , in consequence of the providence of God taking care that there shall be no darkness on that day. God taking care that there shall be no darkness on that day. (Spe 2:155 PHE)(Spe 2:155 PHE)

Also: (210) Again, the beginning of this festival is appointed Also: (210) Again, the beginning of this festival is appointed for the for the fifteenth dayfifteenth day of the month, on account of the of the month, on account of the reason which has already been mentioned respecting the reason which has already been mentioned respecting the spring season, also that the world may be full, not by day spring season, also that the world may be full, not by day only but also by night, of the most beautiful light, the sun only but also by night, of the most beautiful light, the sun and moon on their rising opposite to one another with and moon on their rising opposite to one another with uninterrupted light, without any darkness interposing itself uninterrupted light, without any darkness interposing itself between so as to divide them. (Spe 2:210 PHE)between so as to divide them. (Spe 2:210 PHE)

Remember in the winter the Crescentist’s 15Remember in the winter the Crescentist’s 15thth of the month of the month falls falls AFTERAFTER the Full Moon the Full Moon!! Their math isn’t consistent Their math isn’t consistent!!

Philo’s Witness of Passover beginning on a Full Moon Philo’s Witness of Passover beginning on a Full Moon on the on the 1414thth of the Month of the Month

(224) Accordingly, in this month, (224) Accordingly, in this month, aboutabout the fourteenth daythe fourteenth day of of the month, when the orb of the moon is usually the month, when the orb of the moon is usually aboutabout to to become fullbecome full, the public universal feast of the Passover is , the public universal feast of the Passover is celebrated, which in the Chaldaic language is called Pascha; at celebrated, which in the Chaldaic language is called Pascha; at which festival not only do private individuals bring victims to which festival not only do private individuals bring victims to the altar and the priests sacrifice them, but also, by a particular the altar and the priests sacrifice them, but also, by a particular ordinance of this law, the whole nation is consecrated and ordinance of this law, the whole nation is consecrated and officiates in offering sacrifice; every separate individual on this officiates in offering sacrifice; every separate individual on this occasion bringing forward and offering up with his own hands occasion bringing forward and offering up with his own hands the sacrifice due on his own behalf. (Mos 2:224 PHE)the sacrifice due on his own behalf. (Mos 2:224 PHE)

Why would Philo say “Why would Philo say “about about the fourteenth daythe fourteenth day”, and “”, and “about about to become fullto become full”? Because sometime between twilight on the ”? Because sometime between twilight on the 1414thth and the 15 and the 15thth the moon WILL BE FULL. That means the the moon WILL BE FULL. That means the timing must be PRECISELY synched to 14-15 for the 1st FULL timing must be PRECISELY synched to 14-15 for the 1st FULL MOON and MOON and NOTNOT the 13-14. Amazingly the moon is first Full on the 13-14. Amazingly the moon is first Full on the 14the 14thth if you are following the “ if you are following the “BookendBookend ModelModel” Calendar. ” Calendar.

The fact that Historian’s state the month comes to an The fact that Historian’s state the month comes to an ENDEND at the Conjunction can imply only one thing. That the at the Conjunction can imply only one thing. That the countingcounting of the month comes to an END at the Conjunction, of the month comes to an END at the Conjunction, period! If you both end and start the month at the sighting period! If you both end and start the month at the sighting of the crescent, this will go against ancient witnesses as of the crescent, this will go against ancient witnesses as well as the timing of the Full Moon falling in the middle of well as the timing of the Full Moon falling in the middle of the lunar Calendar on the 14the lunar Calendar on the 14thth and 15 and 15thth. The math must also . The math must also balance out as a witness. To ignore these facts is either balance out as a witness. To ignore these facts is either ignorance or irresponsibleness. ignorance or irresponsibleness.

Philo of Alexandria Philo of Alexandria writes: "writes: "The third [feast] is the New The third [feast] is the New Moon which Moon which followsfollows thethe conjunctionconjunction of the moon with the of the moon with the sunsun". ". [[tr. by F H Colson (Harvard University Press, Loeb Classical tr. by F H Colson (Harvard University Press, Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, MA, 1937); The Special Laws, II, XI,41Library, Cambridge, MA, 1937); The Special Laws, II, XI,41]. ].

And in And in II, XXVI,140II, XXVI,140: ": "This is the This is the New MoonNew Moon, or beginning of , or beginning of the lunar month, namely the the lunar month, namely the periodperiod between between one one conjunction and the nextconjunction and the next, the length of which has been , the length of which has been accurately calculated in the accurately calculated in the astronomical schoolsastronomical schools". ". It It should be noted that the popular Hendrickson Publishers edition (1993) should be noted that the popular Hendrickson Publishers edition (1993) of C D Jonge’s 1854 translation does of C D Jonge’s 1854 translation does notnot have the same information have the same information that the Colson translation gives. The indications are that the that the Colson translation gives. The indications are that the conjunctionsconjunctions were the determining factors in deciding the first day of were the determining factors in deciding the first day of the monththe month..

Without a doubt, the Conjunction’s role cannot be ignored. Without a doubt, the Conjunction’s role cannot be ignored.

Philo states: 257 And the expression "Philo states: 257 And the expression "fromfrom" has a " has a double double sensesense. . OneOne, that by which the , that by which the starting point from which it starting point from which it begins is includedbegins is included; the ; the other that by which it is excludedother that by which it is excluded. . For when we say that For when we say that fromfrom morning to evening there morning to evening there are twelve hours, or are twelve hours, or fromfrom the new moon to the the new moon to the end end of the month of the month there are thirty days, we are there are thirty days, we are includingincluding in our enumeration in our enumeration both the first hour and the day of both the first hour and the day of the new moonthe new moon. And when any one says that such and . And when any one says that such and such a field is three or four furlongs distant from the city, he such a field is three or four furlongs distant from the city, he clearly means to leave the city itself out of that clearly means to leave the city itself out of that measurement. (Som 2:257 PHE)measurement. (Som 2:257 PHE)

What is he saying? When you count the 12 hours from What is he saying? When you count the 12 hours from morning to evening, the count starts at the beginning of the morning to evening, the count starts at the beginning of the first hour, at zero, but it is not numbered as ONE until first hour, at zero, but it is not numbered as ONE until afterafter the first hour is complete. So it is with the new moon the first hour is complete. So it is with the new moon happening at the Conjunction but you do not count it as happening at the Conjunction but you do not count it as ONE until the close of the solar day. You cannot get 30 days ONE until the close of the solar day. You cannot get 30 days if you start counting if you start counting afterafter the first sighting of the crescent the first sighting of the crescent forward and end at the new moon Conjunction. That would forward and end at the new moon Conjunction. That would be less than 29 days. be less than 29 days.

Philo’s witness of the equal halvesPhilo’s witness of the equal halves If you do not start your month on the right day then the orbit If you do not start your month on the right day then the orbit

of the moon will of the moon will notnot be divided equally, thus discounting the be divided equally, thus discounting the math and historical witnesses. Again we hear Philo proclaim:math and historical witnesses. Again we hear Philo proclaim:

(178)…since there are Two Motions of the MOON as it (178)…since there are Two Motions of the MOON as it continually runs its continually runs its double-coursedouble-course--the motion of --the motion of WaxingWaxing until until FullFull MOONMOON and the motion of and the motion of WaningWaning until its until its CONJUNCTIONCONJUNCTION with the sun. with the sun.

(234) Again, are not the periods of the MOON, as she (234) Again, are not the periods of the MOON, as she advances and retraces her course, from a CRESCENT to a advances and retraces her course, from a CRESCENT to a full circle, and again, from a complete orb to a CRESCENT, full circle, and again, from a complete orb to a CRESCENT, also measured by an equality of distancesalso measured by an equality of distances??

101 XXXIV. And the number so produced, is calculated to 101 XXXIV. And the number so produced, is calculated to reproduce the revolutions of the moon, bringing her back to reproduce the revolutions of the moon, bringing her back to the point from which she first began to increase in a manner the point from which she first began to increase in a manner perceptible by the external senses, and to which she returns perceptible by the external senses, and to which she returns by waning. by waning. continuedcontinued……

For she increases from her first crescent-shaped For she increases from her first crescent-shaped figure, figure, to that of a half circle in to that of a half circle in sevenseven days; and in days; and in sevenseven moremore, , she becomes a full orb;she becomes a full orb; and and then again she then again she turns backturns back, retracing the same path, like a runner of the , retracing the same path, like a runner of the diaulos, receding from an orb full of light, to a half circle diaulos, receding from an orb full of light, to a half circle again in again in sevenseven days, and lastly, days, and lastly, in an equal number she in an equal number she diminishes from a half circle to the form of a diminishes from a half circle to the form of a crescent; and thus the number before mentioned is crescent; and thus the number before mentioned is completedcompleted.. (Opi 1:101 PHE) (Opi 1:101 PHE)

……like the like the MOONMOON, which , which from its first rise proceeds in from its first rise proceeds in its increase according to an its increase according to an equal numberequal number, going , going onward to its onward to its Perfect Fullness of LightPerfect Fullness of Light, and then again , and then again with an with an Equal Number in its DecreaseEqual Number in its Decrease, , returning back returning back to its original stateto its original state, , after having been previously after having been previously FullFull; and ; and in like mannerin like manner in the case of Divine in the case of Divine Chastisements, the Creator preserves a regular order, Chastisements, the Creator preserves a regular order, banishing all irregularity from the divine borders. (banishing all irregularity from the divine borders. (He He explains explains 4 4 setssets ofof 7’s 7’s totalingtotaling 2828, from 1, from 1stst waxing crescent waxing crescent to last waning crescent. He’s not inferring this to coincide to last waning crescent. He’s not inferring this to coincide with a calendar count which requires with a calendar count which requires 2929 to to 3030 days days))

If sight alone was the way Israel set their calendar up, If sight alone was the way Israel set their calendar up, then what did they do during the spring and winter rains then what did they do during the spring and winter rains

when the sky remained cloudy for months?when the sky remained cloudy for months?

Depending on the authoritative rabbinical opinion you follow, Depending on the authoritative rabbinical opinion you follow, nightfallnightfall is defined in the Jewish Talmud as being "is defined in the Jewish Talmud as being "the end of the end of

sunsetsunset" and occurs anytime from 20 min. to 1 hour " and occurs anytime from 20 min. to 1 hour after sunsetafter sunset, , depending on your geographic location when 3 medium size stars depending on your geographic location when 3 medium size stars are seen, and twilight (dusk) when 2 medium stars can be seen.are seen, and twilight (dusk) when 2 medium stars can be seen.

The The BookendBookend ModelModel uses the sighting of the first crescent as a uses the sighting of the first crescent as a markermarker to close out the first day of the new month. Does this look to close out the first day of the new month. Does this look like this day has ended according to Hebrew reckoning of time? like this day has ended according to Hebrew reckoning of time?

The simple truth is, the moment the sun sets, isn’t when the The simple truth is, the moment the sun sets, isn’t when the old day slams shut and the new day begins immediately, any old day slams shut and the new day begins immediately, any more than when the last waning crescent sets out of view on more than when the last waning crescent sets out of view on the morning of the 28the morning of the 28thth or 29 or 29thth just before sunrise doesn’t just before sunrise doesn’t mean the lunar month has come to an end either, because the mean the lunar month has come to an end either, because the period of time called the Dark Moon (conjunction) hasn’t period of time called the Dark Moon (conjunction) hasn’t occurred. occurred.

Within minutes after sunset, it is possible to view the first Within minutes after sunset, it is possible to view the first waxing crescent in a completely waxing crescent in a completely BLUEBLUE sky and according to sky and according to the Talmud you may the Talmud you may stillstill be in the be in the samesame dayday actually viewing actually viewing the last closing period of the same day. The first crescent does the last closing period of the same day. The first crescent does not actually set until at least one to two hours, not actually set until at least one to two hours, afterafter sunset. sunset.

The Babylonian Talmud statesThe Babylonian Talmud states: Rab Judah said in Samuel's : Rab Judah said in Samuel's name: name: WhenWhen [only] [only] one starone star [is visible], [is visible], it is dayit is day; ; when twowhen two [appear], [appear], it is twilightit is twilight; ; threethree, it is , it is nightnight. It was taught likewise: . It was taught likewise: When one star [is visible], it is day; when two [appear], it is When one star [is visible], it is day; when two [appear], it is twilight; three, it is night. R. Jose b. Abin said: twilight; three, it is night. R. Jose b. Abin said: NotNot the the large large starsstars, , which are visible by daywhich are visible by day, , nor the small onesnor the small ones, , which which are visible only at nightare visible only at night, , but the but the medium medium sizedsized. .

When does a Day End According to Torah?When does a Day End According to Torah? We know from creation that a day ends at We know from creation that a day ends at eveningevening and is and is

measured from measured from eveningevening until until eveningevening as confirmed in: as confirmed in: Gen 1:8 Gen 1:8 And there was And there was eveningevening, and there was , and there was morningmorning…… Ex 27:21 Ex 27:21 Aaron and his sons shall order it from Aaron and his sons shall order it from evening to evening to

morningmorning before Yahuwah before Yahuwah…… Lev 23:32 Lev 23:32 on the ninth day of the month at on the ninth day of the month at eveningevening, from , from

evening to eveningevening to evening, you shall celebrate your Sabbath, you shall celebrate your Sabbath. . According to Hebrew reckoning when does According to Hebrew reckoning when does eveningevening begin begin??

Rabbis have been arguing over this for thousands of years. Rabbis have been arguing over this for thousands of years. EveningEvening in Hebrew is Strong’s in Hebrew is Strong’s OT:6153 `OT:6153 `erebereb (eh'-reb); (eh'-reb);

fromfrom OT:6150; OT:6150; duskdusk (twilight) to (twilight) to nightnight (darkness). (darkness). The Hebrew word The Hebrew word neshephnesheph for for twilighttwilight is that part of time is that part of time

considered to come after sunset called DUSK and before considered to come after sunset called DUSK and before night.night.

EveningEvening is the period of time that starts sometime is the period of time that starts sometime after after sunset sunset from either from either DuskDusk (twilight) or actual (twilight) or actual NightfallNightfall, , Darkness. So a day ends at the earliest at Dusk/twilight, at Darkness. So a day ends at the earliest at Dusk/twilight, at the latest Nightfall.the latest Nightfall.

Nehemiah 13:19 Nehemiah 13:19 And it came to pass, And it came to pass, that when that when the gates of Jerusalem began to be dark the gates of Jerusalem began to be dark before the Sabbathbefore the Sabbath, I commanded that the , I commanded that the gates should be shut, and charged that they gates should be shut, and charged that they should not be opened till after the Sabbath: and should not be opened till after the Sabbath: and some of my servants set I at the gates, that there some of my servants set I at the gates, that there should no burden be brought in on the Sabbath should no burden be brought in on the Sabbath day. day. KJV KJV

The word The word darkdark in this verse in Hebrew is OT:6751 in this verse in Hebrew is OT:6751 tsalaltsalal (tsaw-lal'); to shade, as (tsaw-lal'); to shade, as twilighttwilight or an or an opaque object: KJV - opaque object: KJV - begin to be darkbegin to be dark, shadowing., shadowing.

This verse implies that Sabbath did This verse implies that Sabbath did notnot begin, and begin, and consequently the doors of the temple were consequently the doors of the temple were notnot closed until twilight fell, which was closed until twilight fell, which was after sunsetafter sunset. . Twilight can begin any time between 20 minutes Twilight can begin any time between 20 minutes and 1 hour after sunset when 2 medium size stars and 1 hour after sunset when 2 medium size stars can be observed. can be observed.

A comment from rabbi Reuven LaufferA comment from rabbi Reuven Lauffer

The The ENDEND of the of the dayday is normally calculated is normally calculated as being about as being about fifteen minutes after fifteen minutes after

sunsetsunset however the however the newnew day does not day does not begin until nightfallbegin until nightfall which is normally which is normally defined by it being defined by it being dark enough to see dark enough to see three medium stars in the night skythree medium stars in the night sky..

What was Happening During the 2What was Happening During the 2ndnd Temple Period? Temple Period? All records for the most part have been lost or destroyed All records for the most part have been lost or destroyed

during the 1during the 1stst Temple Period, but we do have evidence from Temple Period, but we do have evidence from the Talmud concerning the loss of Priests who died during the Talmud concerning the loss of Priests who died during the 2the 2ndnd Temple Period. We know that after Babylon the Temple Period. We know that after Babylon the Priesthood was corrupt in many ways. The question Priesthood was corrupt in many ways. The question remains, why were so many Priests dying? Could it be they remains, why were so many Priests dying? Could it be they were entering into the Holy of Holies on were entering into the Holy of Holies on Day of Atonement Day of Atonement on the on the WRONG DAYWRONG DAY?? Is this why they started tying a cord to Is this why they started tying a cord to the Priests who entered?the Priests who entered?

Yoma, 9a. StatesYoma, 9a. States: “The Second Temple stood for 420 : “The Second Temple stood for 420 years, ve-shimshu bo yoter mi-shelosh meot Kohanim, and years, ve-shimshu bo yoter mi-shelosh meot Kohanim, and more than 300 served as High Priest over that period. Take more than 300 served as High Priest over that period. Take out forty years in which Shimon the Tzaddik was the High out forty years in which Shimon the Tzaddik was the High Priest and deduct another 80 years in which Yochanan the Priest and deduct another 80 years in which Yochanan the Kohen Gadol served, and ten more years that Elazar b. Kohen Gadol served, and ten more years that Elazar b. Charson served.” That leaves 300 priests over 290 years. Charson served.” That leaves 300 priests over 290 years. “Kol echad ve-echad lo hotzi shenato, none of them lived “Kol echad ve-echad lo hotzi shenato, none of them lived out their year in office.” out their year in office.” continued…continued…

Soncino Zohar, Vayikra, Section 3, Page 102a statesSoncino Zohar, Vayikra, Section 3, Page 102a states: : R. Isaac said: ‘A cord was tied to the feet of the High Priest R. Isaac said: ‘A cord was tied to the feet of the High Priest before he entered the Holy of Holies, so that if he died before he entered the Holy of Holies, so that if he died suddenly within they should be able to draw him out.suddenly within they should be able to draw him out.

Yoma 9a also statesYoma 9a also states: Rabba bar bar Hana in the name of R. : Rabba bar bar Hana in the name of R. Johanan said: It is written [in Proverbs x. 27]: "The fear of the Johanan said: It is written [in Proverbs x. 27]: "The fear of the Lord increases man's days, but the years of the wicked will Lord increases man's days, but the years of the wicked will be shortened." "The fear of the Lord increases the days"; that be shortened." "The fear of the Lord increases the days"; that refers to the first Temple, during whose existence of four refers to the first Temple, during whose existence of four hundred and ten years there were only eighteen high-priests. hundred and ten years there were only eighteen high-priests. "The years of the wicked will be shortened," refers to the "The years of the wicked will be shortened," refers to the second Temple, which existed four hundred and twenty second Temple, which existed four hundred and twenty years, and more than three hundred high-priests succeeded years, and more than three hundred high-priests succeeded each other during that period. Subtract the forty years during each other during that period. Subtract the forty years during which Simeon the Righteous ministered, eighty years of which Simeon the Righteous ministered, eighty years of Johanan the high-priest's ministry, ten years of Ishmael b. Johanan the high-priest's ministry, ten years of Ishmael b. Favi according to others, eleven years of R. Eleazer b. Favi according to others, eleven years of R. Eleazer b. Harsum--and compute, you will see that not even one high-Harsum--and compute, you will see that not even one high-priest completed his year.priest completed his year.

Then comes Hillel the ElderThen comes Hillel the Elder Although it is argued how many priests died as well as what Although it is argued how many priests died as well as what

caused their deaths, it is agreed that the troubles of the 2caused their deaths, it is agreed that the troubles of the 2ndnd temple period were great for many reasons.temple period were great for many reasons.

What is testified to in the Talmud and rabbinic writings is the What is testified to in the Talmud and rabbinic writings is the restoring of the calendar by restoring of the calendar by calculationscalculations by by Hillel the Elder Hillel the Elder a Pharisaic leader just before the messiah was born. a Pharisaic leader just before the messiah was born.

Magid Harakia writes: Establishing the beginning of months Magid Harakia writes: Establishing the beginning of months (Rosh Hodesh) through sighting the New Moon is an ancient (Rosh Hodesh) through sighting the New Moon is an ancient law in Israel. The antiquity of this practice is documented in law in Israel. The antiquity of this practice is documented in many early sources, Karaite as well as Rabbanite. The decree many early sources, Karaite as well as Rabbanite. The decree of establishing the of establishing the Rosh Hodesh on the basis of Rosh Hodesh on the basis of calculations which are unconnected to the appearance calculations which are unconnected to the appearance of the moon was enacted by the Rabbanite, Hillel the of the moon was enacted by the Rabbanite, Hillel the ElderElder. The method was guarded as a secret to keep the . The method was guarded as a secret to keep the people from knowing about the change and therefore was people from knowing about the change and therefore was called by our brothers the Rabbanites “The Secret of called by our brothers the Rabbanites “The Secret of Intercalation” (this is testified to in Rabbinite works, of “Magid Intercalation” (this is testified to in Rabbinite works, of “Magid Harakia” page 35).Harakia” page 35).

In Summary…In Summary… If you follow the day the Conjunction occurs on, as the first day If you follow the day the Conjunction occurs on, as the first day

of the lunar month, the timing of the of the lunar month, the timing of the Full Moon Full Moon will fall late on will fall late on their 16their 16thth of the month 7 to 8 times each year, only getting it of the month 7 to 8 times each year, only getting it correct 4 to 5 times each year on their 15correct 4 to 5 times each year on their 15th th of their calendar.of their calendar.

If you follow the day the Crescent is sighted, forward, each If you follow the day the Crescent is sighted, forward, each month, the timing of the month, the timing of the Full Moon Full Moon will fall prematurely on will fall prematurely on the 13the 13thth of the month 7 to 8 times each year, only getting it of the month 7 to 8 times each year, only getting it correct 4 to 5 times each year on their 14correct 4 to 5 times each year on their 14thth of their month. of their month.

What is correct? The What is correct? The Full Moon Full Moon must fall regularly on the 14must fall regularly on the 14thth and 15and 15thth day, each month to confirm the witness and the math. day, each month to confirm the witness and the math.

Both Conjunctionist and Crescentist are guilty of ignoring the Both Conjunctionist and Crescentist are guilty of ignoring the balance of the math concerning the balance of the math concerning the Full MoonFull Moon, and the , and the witnesses of historian’s concerning the 14witnesses of historian’s concerning the 14thth and 15 and 15thth..

The Crescentist are guilty of ignoring the witnesses of the The Crescentist are guilty of ignoring the witnesses of the month ending at the Conjunction, while the Conjunctionist are month ending at the Conjunction, while the Conjunctionist are guilty of ignoring the importance of sighting the crescent. guilty of ignoring the importance of sighting the crescent.

There are TWO SETS of counting going on and we must There are TWO SETS of counting going on and we must understand each set and there relationship to each other.understand each set and there relationship to each other.

From the day of the first waxing crescent moon to the last From the day of the first waxing crescent moon to the last waning crescent moon is 28 days or 4 sets of 7’s. These waning crescent moon is 28 days or 4 sets of 7’s. These numbers have nothing to do with the counting on the lunar numbers have nothing to do with the counting on the lunar calendar and this is where the confusion can easily occur. calendar and this is where the confusion can easily occur.

The 4 sets of 7’s is merely describing the days that the The 4 sets of 7’s is merely describing the days that the moon can be moon can be seenseen each month called its each month called its quarterly quarterly observancesobservances. There is 1 to 2 more solar days each month . There is 1 to 2 more solar days each month when the moon cannot be seen that must be counted on the when the moon cannot be seen that must be counted on the lunar calendar for the month to have a total of either lunar calendar for the month to have a total of either 29 or 29 or 30 solar days30 solar days..

Crescentist want to mix the fixed 28 day quarter lunar count Crescentist want to mix the fixed 28 day quarter lunar count observance with the fixed 29 to 30 solar day calendar count. observance with the fixed 29 to 30 solar day calendar count. By starting their count on the calendar from the 1By starting their count on the calendar from the 1stst sighting sighting of the waxing crescent quarterly moon this will not only of the waxing crescent quarterly moon this will not only affect the witness of the timing of the affect the witness of the timing of the Full Moon Full Moon to to notnot fall fall regularly on the 14regularly on the 14thth and 15 and 15thth, but it ignores the purpose of , but it ignores the purpose of the conjunction in its relationship with both the calendar and the conjunction in its relationship with both the calendar and the lunar cycle. the lunar cycle.

Yahuwah’s Sacred Calendar Yahuwah’s Sacred Calendar

The Proper Ancient Hebraic Lunar Calendar The Proper Ancient Hebraic Lunar Calendar

So named, the “So named, the “Bookend ModelBookend Model”” because like bookends, because like bookends, the the ConjunctionConjunction and the 1 and the 1stst CrescentCrescent comprise a timing comprise a timing of the “of the “New Moon PeriodNew Moon Period” that Philo alludes to in ” that Philo alludes to in XXVI XXVI (140)(140). The Conjunction looks forward, and the Crescent . The Conjunction looks forward, and the Crescent looks backward. looks backward.

Early on, the ancients may not have known the “exact” Early on, the ancients may not have known the “exact” time of the Conjunction, and thus the Hebrew idiom, “time of the Conjunction, and thus the Hebrew idiom, “no no man knows the hour or the dayman knows the hour or the day” came about, but ” came about, but today, we DO KNOW, down to the minute, when both the today, we DO KNOW, down to the minute, when both the Conjunction and the Full Moon takes place. Should we Conjunction and the Full Moon takes place. Should we ignore this knowledge? This knowledge can actually help to ignore this knowledge? This knowledge can actually help to confirm and tie all the pieces of the puzzle together in our confirm and tie all the pieces of the puzzle together in our generation if used properly and solve this riddle that has generation if used properly and solve this riddle that has separated brethren.separated brethren.

The The Bookend Model Bookend Model fits everything the ancients have fits everything the ancients have been trying to speak to us in their writings, as well as the been trying to speak to us in their writings, as well as the Torah, and last but not least, the increase in knowledge, by Torah, and last but not least, the increase in knowledge, by which, we have been given from computers to confirm all which, we have been given from computers to confirm all this information with the witness of the MATH.this information with the witness of the MATH.

The The Bookend Model Bookend Model utilizes both the Conjunction and the utilizes both the Conjunction and the sighting of the 1sighting of the 1stst Crescent. The best of both worlds leaving Crescent. The best of both worlds leaving nothing out but each relying on the other to set the timing of nothing out but each relying on the other to set the timing of the 1the 1stst day. A system of checks and balances. The ancients day. A system of checks and balances. The ancients may not have known the exact timing of the Conjunction until may not have known the exact timing of the Conjunction until after the event took place because they may have had to after the event took place because they may have had to analyze all their information as they were experiencing the analyze all their information as they were experiencing the event. event.

Thus, by sighting the 1Thus, by sighting the 1stst Crescent they would be able to Crescent they would be able to confirm their calculations of when the conjunction happened confirm their calculations of when the conjunction happened relative to the observance of the Full Moon. relative to the observance of the Full Moon.

They knew for certain the month would either have 29 or 30 They knew for certain the month would either have 29 or 30 days, but anyone who follows the lunar calendar regularly days, but anyone who follows the lunar calendar regularly knows there doesn’t seem to be a set pattern as to when they knows there doesn’t seem to be a set pattern as to when they occur. They could only know, that it would be, either a occur. They could only know, that it would be, either a oneone day day dark moon, or a dark moon, or a twotwo day dark moon, no more and no less. day dark moon, no more and no less.

Thus, the 1Thus, the 1stst Crescent confirmed the timing of the Conjunction Crescent confirmed the timing of the Conjunction and set the first day of the month. Today, we can figure out and set the first day of the month. Today, we can figure out these events in advance with computers. It’s a no brainer! these events in advance with computers. It’s a no brainer!

Figures below are from the Figures below are from the BookendBookend ModelModel for the year for the year 20102010. If . If you you startstart your calendar off on the your calendar off on the rightright solar day, then it should solar day, then it should have and equal number of 29 and 30 day months (6 each), and have and equal number of 29 and 30 day months (6 each), and

the the Full MoonFull Moon should fall on the should fall on the 1414thth or or 1515thth with 354 annual days. with 354 annual days. Jan 30Jan 30thth 20102010 ( (1515thth Shevat Shevat Full Moon F.MFull Moon F.M.) a .) a 3030 Day Month Day Month Feb 28Feb 28thth ( (1414thth of Adar F.M.) a of Adar F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month March 30March 30thth ( (1414thth of Abib Passover F.M.) a of Abib Passover F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month April 28April 28thth ( (1414thth Iyar F.M.) a Iyar F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month May 28May 28thth ( (1414thth Sivan F.M.) a Sivan F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month June 26June 26thth ( (1414thth Tamuz F.M.) a Tamuz F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month July 26July 26thth ( (1414thth Av F.M.) a Av F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month August 24August 24thth ( (1414thth Elul F.M.) a Elul F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month September 23September 23rdrd ( (1515thth of Tishrei F.M. Sukkot) a of Tishrei F.M. Sukkot) a 3030 Day Month Day Month October 23October 23rdrd ( (1515thth of Cheshvan F.M.) a of Cheshvan F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month November 21November 21stst ( (1515thth of Kislev F.M.) a of Kislev F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month December 21December 21stst ( (1515thth of Tevet F.M.) a of Tevet F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month

Figures below are from the Figures below are from the BookendBookend ModelModel for the for the Hebrew Hebrew CalendaCalendar r AbibAbib//AdarAdar year year 20102010. It still has an equal number of 29 . It still has an equal number of 29 and 30 day months (6 each), and the and 30 day months (6 each), and the Full MoonFull Moon should fall on should fall on

average between the average between the 1414thth or or 1515thth with 354 annual days. with 354 annual days. 20102010 March 30 March 30thth ( (1414thth of Abib Passover F.M.) a of Abib Passover F.M.) a 2929 Day Day

MonthMonth April 28April 28thth ( (1414thth Iyar F.M.) a Iyar F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month May 28May 28thth ( (1414thth Sivan F.M.) a Sivan F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month June 26June 26thth ( (1414thth Tamuz F.M.) a Tamuz F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month July 26July 26thth ( (1414thth Av F.M.) a Av F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month August 24August 24thth ( (1414thth Elul F.M.) a Elul F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month September 23September 23rdrd ( (1515thth of Tishrei F.M. Sukkot) a of Tishrei F.M. Sukkot) a 3030 Day Month Day Month October 23October 23rdrd ( (1515thth of Cheshvan F.M.) a of Cheshvan F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month November 21November 21stst ( (1515thth of Kislev F.M.) a of Kislev F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month December 21December 21stst ( (1515thth of Tevet F.M.) a of Tevet F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month 20112011 Jan 20 Jan 20thth ( (1616tthh of Shevat F.M.) a of Shevat F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month February 15February 15thth ( (1515thth of Adar F.M.) a of Adar F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month

The Bookend Model Hebrew Calendar The Bookend Model Hebrew Calendar for for 20112011//20122012 is perfect in is perfect in every detail except for the Full Moon falling one day on the 16every detail except for the Full Moon falling one day on the 16thth. . Also, again the year has 354 days when you exclude Adar II. Also, again the year has 354 days when you exclude Adar II.

20112011 March 30 March 30thth The The V.E.V.E. falls falls afterafter the the 1414thth so Adar II so Adar II addedadded

April 18April 18thth ( (1515thth Abib F.M. Abib F.M. PASSOVERPASSOVER) a ) a 3030 Day Month Day Month May 17May 17thth ( (1414thth Iyar F.M.) a Iyar F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month June 16June 16thth ( (1414thth Sivan F.M.) a Sivan F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month July 15July 15thth ( (1414thth Tamuz F.M.) a Tamuz F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month August 14August 14thth ( (1414thth Av F.M.) a Av F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month September 13September 13rdrd ( (1515thth of Elul F.M.) a of Elul F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month October 12October 12thth ( (1515thth of Tishrei F.M. of Tishrei F.M. SUKKOTSUKKOT) a ) a 3030 Day Month Day Month November 11November 11thth ( (1515thth of Cheshvan F.M.) a of Cheshvan F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month December 10December 10thth ( (1515thth of Kislev F.M.) a of Kislev F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month 20122012 Jan 9 Jan 9thth ( (1515thth of Tevet F.M.) a of Tevet F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month February 8February 8thth ( (1616thth of Shevat F.M.) a of Shevat F.M.) a 3030 Day Month Day Month March 8March 8thth ( (1515thth Adar F.M.) a Adar F.M.) a 2929 Day Month Day Month

Below is a portion of the Below is a portion of the 20102010 Bookend Model Bookend Model Calendar showing if the Calendar showing if the 11stst day of the month is started day of the month is started correctly then correctly then PassoverPassover,, in the Spring in the Spring,, will fall on the will fall on the Full MoonFull Moon, , on the on the 1414thth just as Philo indicates. Notice just as Philo indicates. Notice

also, how the Full Moon comes and goes on the Karaite also, how the Full Moon comes and goes on the Karaite Calendar and falls late on the Conjunctionist Calendar. Calendar and falls late on the Conjunctionist Calendar.

Again, from the 2010 Again, from the 2010 Bookend Model Bookend Model Calendar, if the Calendar, if the 11stst day of the new month starts correctly notice the day of the new month starts correctly notice the

timing of the timing of the Full MoonFull Moon falls on the falls on the 11stst day of the fall day of the fall Feast of Tabernacles. Also notice again how the Feast of Tabernacles. Also notice again how the

Conjunctionist Conjunctionist 1515thth falls falls earlyearly and the Karaite calendar and the Karaite calendar falls falls latelate, two days after the Full Moon. , two days after the Full Moon.

((all dates were taken from Karaite web siteall dates were taken from Karaite web site) )

Ps 81:3 Ps 81:3 Blow up the trumpet in the Blow up the trumpet in the New MoonNew Moon, in the, in the Time Time AppointedAppointed, on our solemn feast day, on our solemn feast day. . KJVKJV

This text can speak volumes to us in regard to the importance This text can speak volumes to us in regard to the importance of of whenwhen the the NEW MOON NEW MOON actuallyactually occurs. We know the word occurs. We know the word for for New Moon New Moon here is here is ChodeshChodesh, which comes from the root , which comes from the root word word ChadashChadash which means to which means to rebuildrebuild, , repairrepair, or , or renewrenew..

The The keykey is to know is to know whenwhen to blow the trumpets at the to blow the trumpets at the New New MoonMoon, Chodesh/Chadash and the Hebrew word used for , Chodesh/Chadash and the Hebrew word used for AppointedAppointed TimeTime, is Kece or Keceh whose root word is , is Kece or Keceh whose root word is KacahKacah which means to which means to covercover, , concealconceal, , hidehide, , clothcloth, , secrecysecrecy, or , or overwhelmoverwhelm. Job 26:9 . Job 26:9 He covers the face of the moon He covers the face of the moon (kacah). (kacah).

He is not speaking of a He is not speaking of a Full Moon Full Moon as some interpretations as some interpretations allude to. He is speaking only of single event, the new moon allude to. He is speaking only of single event, the new moon and his witness gives us insight as to and his witness gives us insight as to whenwhen the month starts. the month starts.

The Hebrew says: The Hebrew says: Blow the trumpet at the Blow the trumpet at the New MoonNew Moon, , whenwhen the moon is the moon is CONCEALEDCONCEALED ((kacahkacah), ), on our solemn feast dayon our solemn feast day..

The evidence David has supplied to us is monumental to The evidence David has supplied to us is monumental to whenwhen the New Moon actually occurs. Clearly, it is when the the New Moon actually occurs. Clearly, it is when the moon is moon is coveredcovered, , concealedconcealed, , hiddenhidden, , clothedclothed, in , in secrecysecrecy, , or or overwhelmoverwhelm, at the , at the CONJUNCTIONCONJUNCTION!!!!

Pro 12:23 Pro 12:23 A wise man conceals (A wise man conceals (kacahkacah) knowledge) knowledge…..…..

Conversation between David and JonathanConversation between David and Jonathan It was during the time of King Saul that we know for certain It was during the time of King Saul that we know for certain

they celebrated two days for the New Moon Period of time. This they celebrated two days for the New Moon Period of time. This is a strong witness because we know today that there are 2 to 3 is a strong witness because we know today that there are 2 to 3 days from Conjunction to the 1days from Conjunction to the 1stst sighting of the Crescent moon. sighting of the Crescent moon. Both Conjunctionist and Crescentist ignore this because both Both Conjunctionist and Crescentist ignore this because both want to ignore the importance of the other, consequently the want to ignore the importance of the other, consequently the two day celebration in 1 Samuel means very little.two day celebration in 1 Samuel means very little.

Their conversation only supports the Their conversation only supports the Bookend Model’s Bookend Model’s Math.Math. DAY 28DAY 28. In 1 Sam . In 1 Sam 20:5 David said to Jonathan, 20:5 David said to Jonathan, LookLook, tomorrow , tomorrow

is the New Moonis the New Moon. What were they . What were they LookingLooking at at?????? It could only It could only have been the last waning crescent on the 28have been the last waning crescent on the 28 thth day. day.

Day 29Day 29. First evening feast, on the DARK MOON DAY.. First evening feast, on the DARK MOON DAY. Day 1Day 1. The 2. The 2ndnd evening feast was after sighting of the First evening feast was after sighting of the First

Waxing Crescent. If they had not spotted the crescent that day Waxing Crescent. If they had not spotted the crescent that day they may have known to add a 30they may have known to add a 30thth day to the calendar day to the calendar depending on their Full Moon calculations. depending on their Full Moon calculations. continuedcontinued……

Conversation between David and JonathanConversation between David and Jonathan 24 24 It came about the next day, It came about the next day, the second day of the new the second day of the new

moonmoon, that David's place was empty; so Saul said to Jonathan , that David's place was empty; so Saul said to Jonathan his son, "Why has the son of Jesse not come to the meal, either his son, "Why has the son of Jesse not come to the meal, either yesterday or today?”yesterday or today?”

34 34 Then Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did Then Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did not eat food on not eat food on the second day of the new moonthe second day of the new moon, for he was , for he was grieved over David because his father had dishonored himgrieved over David because his father had dishonored him . .

So, you have to ask the question, if the crescent is the first So, you have to ask the question, if the crescent is the first marker, forward, on the Karaite Calendar--why then would they marker, forward, on the Karaite Calendar--why then would they have a feast on the SECOND day of the month? have a feast on the SECOND day of the month?

The fact is, the only way you reason two feast days is by The fact is, the only way you reason two feast days is by starting at the conjunction on the 1starting at the conjunction on the 1stst Dark Moon Day. Dark Moon Day.

The new moon is proclaimed over 2 days. That must bring the The new moon is proclaimed over 2 days. That must bring the conjunction in as marker conjunction in as marker oneone and the sighting of the 1 and the sighting of the 1stst crescent as marker crescent as marker twotwo looking backward on the day it is seen. looking backward on the day it is seen.

The Crescent confirms the timing of the conjunctionThe Crescent confirms the timing of the conjunction. .

Lets make it even clearer…because the Lets make it even clearer…because the importance of this cannot be underestimatedimportance of this cannot be underestimated

How could David and Jonathan know for certain that the next day How could David and Jonathan know for certain that the next day was the New Moon unless they had observed the last waning was the New Moon unless they had observed the last waning crescent and knew of the feast that was planned on the next day? crescent and knew of the feast that was planned on the next day?

Sept 7th

28th ElulLast sighting of waning crescent

1 Sam 20:5David says to Jonathan, “tomorrow is the new moon.”

Sept 8th

29th ElulConjunction at1:30 PM

1 Sam 20:24FIRST evening Feast.

DARK MOON

Sept 9th

@ 1st Tishrei1st WaxingCrescent sighted at evening.

1 Sam 20:27SECOND evening Feast.

Sept 10th

2nd Tishrei

1 Sam 20:12

The THIRD day when David and Jonathan met.

Crescentist Crescentist want to believe that the 2 want to believe that the 2ndnd day of the feast fell on day of the feast fell on Tishrei 2. But what would be the significance of having a costly Tishrei 2. But what would be the significance of having a costly feast on the second day of any monthfeast on the second day of any month?? The day to celebrate is The day to celebrate is the dark moon and the first day of the month which follows. the dark moon and the first day of the month which follows.

In the parable of the 10 virgins Y'shua says in Matt 25:6 In the parable of the 10 virgins Y'shua says in Matt 25:6 "At "At midnightmidnight the cry rang out: 'Here's the bridegroom! Come the cry rang out: 'Here's the bridegroom! Come out to meet him!” out to meet him!” Is Y'shua speaking of 12 midnight? Not Is Y'shua speaking of 12 midnight? Not really, because it is only 12 midnight in one time zone at a really, because it is only 12 midnight in one time zone at a time in the entire world, and at His return the whole world time in the entire world, and at His return the whole world will see Him.will see Him.

As messianic believers most of us understand that the As messianic believers most of us understand that the Messiah’s return will take place at the last trump as Paul Messiah’s return will take place at the last trump as Paul speaks in 1 Cor. 15:52. The event Paul is speaking of is the speaks in 1 Cor. 15:52. The event Paul is speaking of is the fulfilling of the fulfilling of the Feast of Trumpets Feast of Trumpets on the first day of the 7on the first day of the 7thth month, which happens in the fall festival, on a day and hour month, which happens in the fall festival, on a day and hour no man knows (no man knows (Hebrew idiomHebrew idiom) except the Father. ) except the Father.

What Y'shua is saying is that He, the bridegroom, will come What Y'shua is saying is that He, the bridegroom, will come in the in the middle of the darknessmiddle of the darkness, as in the darkness of the , as in the darkness of the middle of the lunar cyclemiddle of the lunar cycle which falls during the which falls during the conjunction. conjunction.

At the moment the conjunction occurs on the first day of the At the moment the conjunction occurs on the first day of the 77thth month for Feast of Trumpets, Y'shua will return, and every month for Feast of Trumpets, Y'shua will return, and every eye will see Him no matter where you are on earth, for His eye will see Him no matter where you are on earth, for His return will be brighter than the noon day sun. Is our Messiah return will be brighter than the noon day sun. Is our Messiah possibly giving us another witness to the timing of His return possibly giving us another witness to the timing of His return when he tells this story in Matt 25?when he tells this story in Matt 25?

The new moon is also compared to a new birth…The new moon is also compared to a new birth… Why would this be? The Hebrew word Why would this be? The Hebrew word moladmolad means means birthbirth and and

refers to the time during the refers to the time during the ConjunctionConjunction of the new moon. of the new moon. With each new month comes a new moon that is birthed in With each new month comes a new moon that is birthed in

darkness at the conjunction when the waning moon fugitively dies darkness at the conjunction when the waning moon fugitively dies or disappears in seemingly darkness only to born again. or disappears in seemingly darkness only to born again.

The answer can be clearer if you simply understand the process of The answer can be clearer if you simply understand the process of ““whenwhen” the birth process ” the birth process beginsbegins with a child. with a child.

The birth actually The birth actually beginsbegins when NO one can see the child, as with when NO one can see the child, as with the birth of the new moon, both are in complete darkness.the birth of the new moon, both are in complete darkness.

Life starts in darkness, Father creates something from nothing.Life starts in darkness, Father creates something from nothing.

When the baby When the baby beginsbegins its descent down the birth canal NO its descent down the birth canal NO one can see this but the mother knows the birth has one can see this but the mother knows the birth has begunbegun..

Later, once the child’s head Crowns, everyone knows what Later, once the child’s head Crowns, everyone knows what the mother knew all along: that she had already the mother knew all along: that she had already startedstarted giving birth the moment the baby began moving down the giving birth the moment the baby began moving down the birth canal, hidden from sight before anyone could see the birth canal, hidden from sight before anyone could see the child’s head.child’s head.

The The CrowningCrowning of the baby’s head can be compared to the of the baby’s head can be compared to the shinning crescent, which we know now actually begins shinning crescent, which we know now actually begins moments moments afterafter the conjunction takes place. The sighting of the conjunction takes place. The sighting of the crescent moon confirms that 1 to 2 days earlier, the birth the crescent moon confirms that 1 to 2 days earlier, the birth of the new moon actually of the new moon actually startedstarted, at the lunar conjunction., at the lunar conjunction.

Life starts in Darkness and life ENDS in Darkness!Life starts in Darkness and life ENDS in Darkness!

The Pagan History of the The Pagan History of the Crescent MoonCrescent Moon

Without exception, every ancient pagan culture has Without exception, every ancient pagan culture has used both the Sun and Crescent Moon as religious used both the Sun and Crescent Moon as religious worship symbols of their faith. A book could be written worship symbols of their faith. A book could be written on just this subject alone. on just this subject alone.

The biblical record indicates that the Israelites have The biblical record indicates that the Israelites have NEVERNEVER used the Crescent Moon or the Sun as a symbol used the Crescent Moon or the Sun as a symbol of their faith. of their faith.

The only time the word Crescent is used in the Bible is The only time the word Crescent is used in the Bible is to describe a round shaped object that was worn to to describe a round shaped object that was worn to symbolized the crescent moon. In Judges 8:21 symbolized the crescent moon. In Judges 8:21 So So Gideon arose and killed Zebah and Zalmunna, and took Gideon arose and killed Zebah and Zalmunna, and took the the crescentcrescent ornamentsornaments… … NKJVNKJV ( (Zebah and Zalmunna Zebah and Zalmunna

were pagan Midianiteswere pagan Midianites) ) Gideon destroyed them and melted them down. The Gideon destroyed them and melted them down. The

crescent ornaments probably looked similar to these crescent ornaments probably looked similar to these ancient artifacts:ancient artifacts:

Venus of Laussel carved in this rock face Venus of Laussel carved in this rock face Dated thousands of years ago by Dated thousands of years ago by

archaeologist, the pagan mother archaeologist, the pagan mother goddess Venus of Laussel, holds goddess Venus of Laussel, holds a bison horn, symbol of the a bison horn, symbol of the CrescentCrescent MoonMoon and the hunt. and the hunt. The strikes on the horn may The strikes on the horn may indicate a yearly cycle of indicate a yearly cycle of thirteen lunar months. thirteen lunar months.

The original held traces of red The original held traces of red ochre, probably to indicate the ochre, probably to indicate the color of blood which was color of blood which was venerated as the life fluid. The venerated as the life fluid. The monthly menstrual cycle of monthly menstrual cycle of women therefore made them women therefore made them magical in their ability to shed magical in their ability to shed blood and yet live. This mother blood and yet live. This mother goddess also seems pregnant, goddess also seems pregnant, another aspect of femininity another aspect of femininity obviously seen as miraculous.obviously seen as miraculous.

Ur of the Chaldees was so devoted to the moon-god that it was Ur of the Chaldees was so devoted to the moon-god that it was sometimes called Nannar in tablets from that time period. A sometimes called Nannar in tablets from that time period. A temple of the moon-god was excavated in Ur by Sir Leonard temple of the moon-god was excavated in Ur by Sir Leonard

Woolley. He dug up many examples of moon-worship that are Woolley. He dug up many examples of moon-worship that are now displayed in the British Museum. now displayed in the British Museum. Notice the crescent moonNotice the crescent moon..

The pre-Islamic moon worshippers had used the “The pre-Islamic moon worshippers had used the “crescentcrescent” ” sighting for their first day of the month, and the Islamic Arabs sighting for their first day of the month, and the Islamic Arabs

continue in this practice. The three daughters, continue in this practice. The three daughters, Al-LatAl-Lat, , Al-UzzaAl-Uzza, , and and ManatManat are sometimes depicted together with Allah the moon are sometimes depicted together with Allah the moon deity on the left. deity on the left. You have got to ask the logical questionYou have got to ask the logical question, “, “would would Satan lead us in a path that Yahuwah commands us in TorahSatan lead us in a path that Yahuwah commands us in Torah??” ”

Allah with Crescent Moon on his chest. While they worshipped Allah with Crescent Moon on his chest. While they worshipped 360 gods at the Kabah in Mecca, the moon-god was their chief 360 gods at the Kabah in Mecca, the moon-god was their chief deity. deity. Mecca was in fact built as a shrine for the moon-god Mecca was in fact built as a shrine for the moon-god

who is always symbolized by the Crescent Moonwho is always symbolized by the Crescent Moon. This is what . This is what made Mecca the most sacred site of Arabian paganism.made Mecca the most sacred site of Arabian paganism.

How easy has it been for pagans to fall into the worship of the How easy has it been for pagans to fall into the worship of the Crescent moon and to give it honor as the first day of the month?Crescent moon and to give it honor as the first day of the month?The Israelites were to give the crescent moon The Israelites were to give the crescent moon nono such place of such place of honor. But honor. But ifif it actually marked the first day, it would have been a it actually marked the first day, it would have been a temptation to do so and follow after the lust of the eyes. temptation to do so and follow after the lust of the eyes. Deut 4:19Deut 4:19 And take heed, lest you lift your eyes to heaven, and And take heed, lest you lift your eyes to heaven, and when you see the sun, the moon, and the stars, all the host of when you see the sun, the moon, and the stars, all the host of heaven, you feel driven to worship them and serve themheaven, you feel driven to worship them and serve them... NKJV... NKJV

Truth in Torah is hidden from the casual observer. The carnal Truth in Torah is hidden from the casual observer. The carnal man goes by sight, what he can see, taste and feel in his flesh, man goes by sight, what he can see, taste and feel in his flesh, but Father's ways are hidden and only given to His children, but Father's ways are hidden and only given to His children, those who must learn to discern them inwardly by His spirit. those who must learn to discern them inwardly by His spirit.

Staying on subject, a perfect example is that the Conjunction is Staying on subject, a perfect example is that the Conjunction is hidden from man’s eyes, but we know it is happening.hidden from man’s eyes, but we know it is happening.

Even Paul said concerning truth in 1 Cor 2:14 Even Paul said concerning truth in 1 Cor 2:14 The man without The man without the Spirit does not accept the things that come from the Spirit the Spirit does not accept the things that come from the Spirit of Elohim, for they are foolishness to him, and he cannot of Elohim, for they are foolishness to him, and he cannot understand them, understand them, because they are spiritually discernedbecause they are spiritually discerned..

Yahuah is all about NUMBERS (1,2,3, etc). In fact, NUMBERS are Yahuah is all about NUMBERS (1,2,3, etc). In fact, NUMBERS are almost as important to Father as they are to the workings of a almost as important to Father as they are to the workings of a computer. Without numbers a computer could not function at computer. Without numbers a computer could not function at all. All programming is done with numbers, and in Father’s all. All programming is done with numbers, and in Father’s universe the timing of numbers are an essential part. universe the timing of numbers are an essential part.

Father is perfect, and His number system and timing is perfect. Father is perfect, and His number system and timing is perfect. This may be why the perfect language of Hebrew has an This may be why the perfect language of Hebrew has an

assigned number to each letter. Math plays and essential part. assigned number to each letter. Math plays and essential part. This is a basic truth in scripture and the whole universe.This is a basic truth in scripture and the whole universe.

Knowing the approximate timing of the Conjunction is not Knowing the approximate timing of the Conjunction is not rocket science but has been ancient knowledge which was rocket science but has been ancient knowledge which was guarded. Just as no mortal has ever seen Yahuwah, for He guarded. Just as no mortal has ever seen Yahuwah, for He dwells in thick darkness from mankind, the miracle and the dwells in thick darkness from mankind, the miracle and the power of the Conjunction speaks to us from thick darkness. power of the Conjunction speaks to us from thick darkness.

Today we can figure out exactly when the Conjunction and Today we can figure out exactly when the Conjunction and the Full Moon occurs with our planet earth by computers, the Full Moon occurs with our planet earth by computers, down to the very minute. Spotting the first crescent sliver of down to the very minute. Spotting the first crescent sliver of the moon today with air pollution makes it more difficult and the moon today with air pollution makes it more difficult and even today with all our technology we cannot determine even today with all our technology we cannot determine exactly the minute when the crescent will be able to be exactly the minute when the crescent will be able to be seen. seen.

Would Father leave the timing of important events like the Would Father leave the timing of important events like the new year, and His feast days to solely the possibility of a new year, and His feast days to solely the possibility of a potentially flawed sighting because of clouds or bad potentially flawed sighting because of clouds or bad weatherweather? ?

Yahuwah has set up checks and balances. Math plays a Yahuwah has set up checks and balances. Math plays a key role if it has to do with timing. Logic dictates if you want key role if it has to do with timing. Logic dictates if you want to know when the month begins simply look at the timing of to know when the month begins simply look at the timing of the the FULL MOON FULL MOON and understand that the beginning of the and understand that the beginning of the cycle can only be directly across from it, at the cycle can only be directly across from it, at the CONJUNCTIONCONJUNCTION. .

Thus dividing the Thus dividing the Lunar Cycle in PERFECT 50/50 Half Lunar Cycle in PERFECT 50/50 Half CirclesCircles. The math has got to add up in order to be a faithful . The math has got to add up in order to be a faithful witness and it always does. witness and it always does. DO THE MATH!DO THE MATH!

The Temple was run according to the Conjunction for the The Temple was run according to the Conjunction for the ancient calendar which was observed by the Sadducees ancient calendar which was observed by the Sadducees and the same as was observed by the Samaritans. After the and the same as was observed by the Samaritans. After the dispersal the rabbinical sects who took over from the dispersal the rabbinical sects who took over from the Pharisees tried to introduce the postponements and thus Pharisees tried to introduce the postponements and thus the Samaritans are then alleged to have had differing lights the Samaritans are then alleged to have had differing lights for the beacons on the new moons. for the beacons on the new moons. During the Temple During the Temple period the beacons were lit as the new moon was always period the beacons were lit as the new moon was always determined by Conjunction which is not an observation determined by Conjunction which is not an observation system. There is no evidence that the Samaritans ever system. There is no evidence that the Samaritans ever changed their method of calculation of the New Moon in changed their method of calculation of the New Moon in history either during or after the Second Temple period. history either during or after the Second Temple period. They still keep the same system todayThey still keep the same system today (cf. the paper (cf. the paper God’s God’s Calendar No. (156)Calendar No. (156) (2nd ed.) from the (2nd ed.) from the CCGCCG).).

We know from the writings of Josephus exactly that the We know from the writings of Josephus exactly that the Samaritans and the Sadducees both denied any oral Samaritans and the Sadducees both denied any oral tradition and both kept only the written law of the Torah.tradition and both kept only the written law of the Torah. We should note that the Conjunction, or We should note that the Conjunction, or moladmolad, is the , is the astronomical crossover point from one month to the next astronomical crossover point from one month to the next and that the determined Hillel Calendar for the New Moon and that the determined Hillel Calendar for the New Moon and the and the moladmolad seldom coincide but has become more seldom coincide but has become more inaccurate over time. inaccurate over time.

Lets consider Lets consider DARKNESS DARKNESS and what it means. It and what it means. It means a lot to Yahuwah, He created it for a means a lot to Yahuwah, He created it for a purpose. Darkness is just as important as light. purpose. Darkness is just as important as light. After the sun sets and After the sun sets and DARKNESSDARKNESS finally falls, it is finally falls, it is equivalent to a equivalent to a DARK MOONDARK MOON, a day is ending and , a day is ending and a new day is beginning all from a new day is beginning all from DARKNESSDARKNESS happening. happening.

Can we deny that? Think about this...do you have Can we deny that? Think about this...do you have to wait for the Sun to come up before the day to wait for the Sun to come up before the day begins? begins?

NO, and neither do you have to wait to sight the NO, and neither do you have to wait to sight the crescent moon for a new month to begin. crescent moon for a new month to begin.

A new day begins in darkness after the sun sets. A new day begins in darkness after the sun sets. So it is with the month. The lunar cycle ends and So it is with the month. The lunar cycle ends and begins when the moon is fully Hidden in Darkness. begins when the moon is fully Hidden in Darkness.

We cannot ignore the purpose of Darkness. We cannot ignore the purpose of Darkness. Yah's purpose is fulfilled in all things He creates. Yah's purpose is fulfilled in all things He creates. Isaiah 45:7 Isaiah 45:7 I form the light, and I form the light, and create Darknesscreate Darkness: :

I make peace, and create evil: I Yahuwah do all I make peace, and create evil: I Yahuwah do all these things.these things.

Remember, Yahuwah’s truth is always hidden Remember, Yahuwah’s truth is always hidden from humanity and the casual observerfrom humanity and the casual observer

Isaiah 45:3 "I will give you the Isaiah 45:3 "I will give you the treasures of treasures of darkness And hidden wealth of secret placesdarkness And hidden wealth of secret places, , So that you may know that it is I, Yahuwah, So that you may know that it is I, Yahuwah, Elohim of Israel, who calls you by your name. Elohim of Israel, who calls you by your name.

1 Cor 2:7 But we speak the wisdom of 1 Cor 2:7 But we speak the wisdom of Elohim in a mystery, the Elohim in a mystery, the hidden wisdom hidden wisdom which Elohimwhich Elohim ordained before the ages for ordained before the ages for our glory...our glory...

Rev 2:177 He who has an ear, let him hear Rev 2:177 He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To him what the Spirit says to the churches. To him who overcomes I will give some of the who overcomes I will give some of the hidden mannahidden manna to eat. to eat.

Job 28:20 "Where then does wisdom come Job 28:20 "Where then does wisdom come from? Where does understanding dwell? 21 from? Where does understanding dwell? 21 It is It is hidden from the eyes of every living thinghidden from the eyes of every living thing, , concealed even from the birds of the airconcealed even from the birds of the air. .

Proverbs 2:3 if you call out for insight and cry Proverbs 2:3 if you call out for insight and cry aloud for understanding, 4 and if you look for it aloud for understanding, 4 and if you look for it as for silver and search for it as for as for silver and search for it as for hidden hidden treasuretreasure, 5 then you will understand the fear of , 5 then you will understand the fear of Yahuwah and find the knowledge of Elohim. Yahuwah and find the knowledge of Elohim.

Isaiah 48:6 "From now on I will tell you of Isaiah 48:6 "From now on I will tell you of new new thingsthings, , of hidden things unknown to youof hidden things unknown to you. .

Daniel 2:22 He reveals deep and Daniel 2:22 He reveals deep and hidden thingshidden things; ; He knows what lies in Darkness, and light He knows what lies in Darkness, and light dwells with Him.dwells with Him.

We are all too familiar with ministries and believers who We are all too familiar with ministries and believers who have turned their faith over and submitted themselves to have turned their faith over and submitted themselves to the Karaite lunar calendar doctrine based on the sighting the Karaite lunar calendar doctrine based on the sighting of the sliver of the crescent moon, forward.of the sliver of the crescent moon, forward.

It should be a “sign” to us right away if both Islam and the It should be a “sign” to us right away if both Islam and the Karaites establish their calendar solely by the sighting of Karaites establish their calendar solely by the sighting of the first crescent moon forward since both religions have the first crescent moon forward since both religions have denied Y'shua as Messiah and His deity in the Godhead as denied Y'shua as Messiah and His deity in the Godhead as Creator.Creator.

Consequently Yahuwah has sent them a strong delusion in Consequently Yahuwah has sent them a strong delusion in that they will believe a lie as part of the curse rendered that they will believe a lie as part of the curse rendered upon them for upon them for notnot believing in Y'shua as both Elohim and believing in Y'shua as both Elohim and Messiah. Messiah.

Anyone or ministry rejecting Y'shua as Messiah is going to Anyone or ministry rejecting Y'shua as Messiah is going to have their doctrine hindered greatly, even if they strive to have their doctrine hindered greatly, even if they strive to walk only in Yahuwah’s Torah, as the Karaites boast. walk only in Yahuwah’s Torah, as the Karaites boast.

It makes sense that Yahuwah will It makes sense that Yahuwah will notnot allow anyone allow anyone to walk perfectly in His Torah if they openly deny to walk perfectly in His Torah if they openly deny Y'shua as Messiah and His deity as Elohim, creator!Y'shua as Messiah and His deity as Elohim, creator!

This includes the This includes the Lunar SabbitariansLunar Sabbitarians too, for the majority too, for the majority of whom deny Y'shua as Messiah and His deity as Creator. of whom deny Y'shua as Messiah and His deity as Creator.

In Deuteronomy we are commanded in 12:29 In Deuteronomy we are commanded in 12:29 "When Yahuwah your Elohim cuts off from before "When Yahuwah your Elohim cuts off from before you the nations which you go to dispossess, and you the nations which you go to dispossess, and you displace them and dwell in their land, take you displace them and dwell in their land, take heed to yourself that you are heed to yourself that you are notnot ensnared to ensnared to follow them, after they are destroyed from before follow them, after they are destroyed from before you, and that you do you, and that you do notnot inquire after their gods, inquire after their gods, saying, saying, 'How did these nations serve their 'How did these nations serve their godsgods?? I also will do likewiseI also will do likewise.' 31 .' 31 You shall You shall NOT worship Yahuwah your Elohim in that NOT worship Yahuwah your Elohim in that wayway. NKJV. NKJV

Rest assured that if every ancient pagan religion Rest assured that if every ancient pagan religion and nation which descended from Babylon is and nation which descended from Babylon is observing the Crescent Moon to determine the observing the Crescent Moon to determine the beginning of the lunar month, they are wrongbeginning of the lunar month, they are wrong! ! Satan would never lead a nation or inspire a Satan would never lead a nation or inspire a religion that condones Torah.religion that condones Torah.

Disclaimer Disclaimer The only intention of this information is to balance the historical The only intention of this information is to balance the historical

witnesses writings concerning the proper timing of the first day witnesses writings concerning the proper timing of the first day of the beginning of the new month with the Tanakh. The of the beginning of the new month with the Tanakh. The Bookend Model Calendar is Bookend Model Calendar is NOTNOT a new calendar. It offers a a new calendar. It offers a turning back to the only way to observe a Hebrew lunar month turning back to the only way to observe a Hebrew lunar month that keeps the full moon happening on the 14that keeps the full moon happening on the 14thth and 15 and 15thth consecutively, and without discounting the importance of both consecutively, and without discounting the importance of both the conjunction and the sighting of the crescent. the conjunction and the sighting of the crescent.

Let us continue to strive to look at all the witnesses on any Let us continue to strive to look at all the witnesses on any subject we find ourselves in dispute over, and remember that subject we find ourselves in dispute over, and remember that the most important step we can take is to strive to come out of the most important step we can take is to strive to come out of Babylon and keep the feast of Yahuwah and love one another.Babylon and keep the feast of Yahuwah and love one another.

It is not the intention of this information to put down any It is not the intention of this information to put down any person personally but to expose false doctrine and show truth. person personally but to expose false doctrine and show truth.

May Yahuwah be Praised for ever more!May Yahuwah be Praised for ever more! William H Sanford [email protected] H Sanford [email protected]

2 bookend model

Spiritual

new month

lunar month

new day

month doesnotbegin

old month

month of abib

crescent moon

new calendar