2 Biological Molecules 2013 [Repaired]

Lecturer team of BiologyAgricultural Technology FacultyBrawijaya University

Biological Molecules

Perubahan Materi

• Pendahuluan• Biologi Material• Struktur sel• Bioenergetika sel• Pertumbuhan dan

Perkembangan sel• Klasifikasi mikroorganisme• Siklus Unsur

UTS

• Ekologi• Biodiversitas• Tanaman• Hewan• Mikroorganisme• Gen• Biotechnology

UAS

Biological Molecules

OVERVIEW

Carbohydrate Lipid Protein

Biological Molecules

Carbohydrate

Lipid

Protein

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CARBOHYDRATE

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CARBOHYDRATE-

Monosaccharides-

• The simplest carbohydrate are monosaccharides.

• These are sugars. They include glucose, fructose, and galactose.

• These three monosaccharides each have six carbon atoms.

• So they are also known as hexose sugars. • Their molecular formula is C6H12O6

Biological Molecules

CARBOHYDRATE-

Monosaccharides-

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CARBOHYDRATE-

Monosaccharides-

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• Two monosaccharides can link together to form a disaccharide.

• Two glucose molecules can link to produce maltose.• The bond that joins them together is called a

glycosidic bond.• As the two monosaccharides react and the glycosidic

bond forms, a molecule of water (H2O) is released.• This type of reaction is known as a condensation

reaction.

CARBOHYDRATE-Disaccharides-

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CARBOHYDRATE-Disaccharides-

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CARBOHYDRATE-

Polysaccharides-

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CARBOHYDRATE-

Polysaccharides-

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Important Polysaccharides

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Important Polysaccharides

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Carbohydrate

Lipid

Protein

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LIPID

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LIPID-Fatty Acid

Type-

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LIPID-Triglycerides-

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LIPID STRUCTURE

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Important Lipid

-Phospholipid-

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Important Lipid

-Phospholipid-

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Carbohydrate

Lipid

Protein

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PROTEIN-Amino Acids-

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Glycine (G)

Glutamic acid (E)

Asparatic acid (D)

Methionine (M)

Threonine (T)

Serine (S)

Glutamine (Q)

Asparagine (N)

Tryptophan (W)Phenylalanine (F)

Cysteine (C)

Proline (P)

Leucine (L)

Isoleucine (I)

Valine (V)

Alanine (A)

Histidine (H)

Lysine (K)

Tyrosine (Y)

Arginine (R)

White: Hydrophobic, Green: Hydrophilic, Red: Acidic, Blue: Basic

AMINO ACIDS TYPE

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AMINO ACIDS TYPE

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The Peptide Linkage

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Protein Structure

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Protein Structure

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Protein Structure

●Struktur tersierStruktur tersier protein adalah lipatan secara keseluruhan dari rantai polipeptida sehingga membentuk struktur 3 dimensi tertentu. Sebagai contoh, struktur tersier enzim sering padat, berbentuk globuler. Lihat contoh Gambar 3.

Gambar 3.Struktur tersier protein

●Struktur kuartenerBeberapa protein tersusun atas lebih dari satu rantai polipeptida. Struktur kuartener menggambarkan subunit-subunit yang berbeda dipak bersama-sama membentuk struktur protein. Sebagai contoh adalah molekul hemoglobin manusia yang tersusun atas 4 subunit, yang dipaparkan pada Gambar 4.

Gambar 3.Struktur kuartener protein

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• Jones, M. 2010. Biology. Hodder education. London

• Price,G. 2006. Biology: An Illustrated Guide to Science. Infobase Publishing. New York

REFERENCES

Biological Molecules

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