2-3. ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS CAUSED BY MINERLAS 2-3-1. Types of Environmental Problems • Direct (Primary) – Caused by mineral itself • Ingestion • Aspiration • Contact • Secondary – Caused by the results of reactions or other processes involving minerals (e.g. acid rain, acid mine drainages, water pollution, etc.)
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2-3. ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS CAUSED BY MINERLAS 2-3-1. Types of Environmental Problems Direct (Primary) – Caused by mineral itself Ingestion Aspiration.
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2-3. ENVIRONMENTAL PROB-LEMS CAUSED BY MINERLAS
2-3-1. Types of Environmental Problems
• Direct (Primary) – Caused by mineral itself• Ingestion• Aspiration• Contact
• Secondary – Caused by the results of reac-tions or other processes involving minerals (e.g. acid rain, acid mine drainages, water pollu-tion, etc.)
• In medieval times, asbestos was frequently used for the insulation of armor
• Some fraud merchants made cross with asbestos and deceive people with it as if that was a part of the cross on which Jesus Christ was nailed (hung, executed)
• 1923, Dr. Cook studied the death of number of asbestos handling workers and first named the disease ‘asbesto-sis’
• 1931, the term “mesothelioma” first used• 1930s, Regulations included industrial hygiene stan-
dards, medical examinations, and inclusion of the as-bestos industry into the British Workers' Compensation Act
• 1970s, an USA court document indicate that asbestos co. hided the fatality of asbestos from the workers
• 1970s, EPA & OSHA put regulations on asbestos use• Now, the asbestos is totally banned in most countries
Asbestos production and consumption
Global production (10,000 ton/year)Japan (ton/year)
China
Korea
• Now, the usage of asbestos is banned or limited in most countries
• For Korea,• From 2009.09, asbestos is banned to be used in
any industrial product• From 2007.07, any product containing asbestos
is banned to import, produce, or use.
• Korea’s regulation on asbestos• “ENFORCEMENT DECREE OF THE QUALITY CONTROL
AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL PROD-UCTS ACT” Asbestos use in any industrial product had been banned or at least limited since Sep. 2009
• “OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT”. Manu-facturing, importing, or usage of any product containing as-bestos has been completely banned since Sep. 1, 2009.
World Asbestos Resources
Country Reserve Base
(By Principal Countries)
Brazil Moderate
Canada Large
China Large
Kazakhstan Large
Russia Large
USA Large
Zimbabwe Moderate
Other Countries Large
World Total Large
Source : Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2004.
World Asbestos Producers
Country 2001 2002 2003
(By Principal Countries) Production of Asbestos(in '000' tonnes)