1_Safety Mgmt.ppt

Introduction to Industrial Safety and Accident Prevention

Presented By:Mohan SharanSafety Consultant

Accident

The American National Safety Council has defined accident as: that occurrence in sequence of events which usually produces unintended injury, death or property damage.

Causes of AccidentsThe causes may be human or mechanical failures. The two broad sources of the accidents may be classified in to:Unsafe conditions and Unsafe actions

Factors contributing to accidentsMechanicalEnvironmentHumanHuman mechanical causes

Mechanical causesIn adequately guardedUnguardedUnsafe design or constructionHazardous arrangement

Environmental CausesIlluminationVentilationTemperatureSpeed of workHours of WorkSpread over work periodWorkload

Human causesIndividual factorsAgeMarriageEducationHealthLength of ServiceWork performancePsychological FactorsAttitude towards JobInterest & difficultiesMachine habitsAttentionFatigue

Personality factorsIntellectual levelEmotional maturityAdjustmentAnxiety levelSociological factorsSize of familyNumber of dependentsFinancial positionSocial StatusInterpersonal relationsHome Environment

Classification of accidentsFall from heightStriking againstStruck by falling objectsFall at same levelOverexertionInhalation or absorptionContact with electricity / Electric flashOthers

Accident PreventionThree Es of Safety- Engineering- Education - Enforcement

Controlling AccidentsDiscover the causesControl environmental causesControl behaviorist causesSupplementary activities

Discovering Accident CausesThe Causes of previous accidentsThe existing hazards that will cause accidents unless corrected

IntroductionOccupational Safety and Health Management in India is guided by the broad policies of the Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Industry & Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India.

Legal Provisions & EnforcementFactories Act, 1948Environment (Protection) Act, 1986Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989Dangerous Machines (Regulation) Act, 1983

Legal Provisions & EnforcementOverview :Basically, major number of industries are statutorily governed by the Factories Act, 1948, besides other statutes which cover other specific aspects of safety in the industrial activities, e.g. treatment of effluents, pollution control, hazardous wastes management, etc.

Factories Act, 1948ObjectiveThe Factories Act has been existing in India since 1881. The Act provides for the health, safety, welfare and other aspects of workers in factories. In 1987 major amendments in the Act were incorporated which covered three major areas i) basic approach ii) health protection & control of accidents and iii) emergency planning in the factories engaged in hazardous processes.

Major ProvisionsApproval, licensing and registration of factoriesDuties of occupier, manufacturers etc.Safety and Health policy and organizationHealth and hygiene standardsSafeguards for Dangerous machines, material handling, pressure plant, floors, stairs, access and covering to pits, sumps opening, etc. Precautions against dangerous fumes, gases and explosive dust and precautions in case of fire Stability of buildings, machines etc. and maintenanceNotice of accidents, dangerous occurrences and diseases

Provisions for Hazardous Process IndustrySite Appraisal CommitteeDisclosure of information to Chief Inspector of FactoriesLocal Authority Workers and general public, On-site emergency plan, Medical examinations and recordsPermissible limits of exposures of chemicals/ substancesRight to workers to know hazards, etc.

Section 7-A:General Duties of the OccupierEvery occupier shall ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare of all workers while they are at work in the factory.Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of sub-s. (1), the matters to which such duty extends, shall include:-The provision and maintenance of plant and systems of work in the factory that are safe and without risks to health;

General Duties of the occupierThe arrangements in the factory for ensuring safety and absence of risks to health in connection with the use, handling, storage and transport of articles and substances;The provision of such information, instruction, training and supervision as are necessary to ensure the health and safety of all workers at work;

General Duties of the occupierThe maintenance of all places of work in the factory in a condition that is safe and without risks to health and the provision and maintenance of such means of access to, and egress from, such places as are safe and without such risks;The provision, maintenance or monitoring of such working environment in the factory for the workers that is safe, without risks to health and adequate as regards facilities and arrangements for their welfare at work.

General Duties of the occupierExcept in such cases as may be prescribed, every occupier shall prepare, and, as often as may be appropriate, revise, a written statement of his general policy with respect to the health and safety of the workers at work and the organisation and arrangements for the time being in force for carrying out that policy, and to bring the statement and any revision thereof to the notice of all the workers in such manner as may be prescribed.

Provisions for OHS ManagementThe essential requirements for the Appointment of Safety Officer:i.Wherein one thousand or more workers are ordinarily employed, orii.Wherein any manufacturing process or operation is carried out involving risk of bodily injury, poisoning or disease or any other hazard to health to the persons employed in the factory, the occupier shall appoint Safety Officer. The no. of Safety Officers is specified by State Government notification.

Appointment of Factory Medical OfficerFor Factories carrying out Hazardous Process* (*Hazardous Process means any process or activity in relation to an Industry where unless special case is taken, raw materials used therein or the intermediate or finished products, bye-products, wastes or effluents thereof would:-Cause material impairment to the health of the persons engaged in or connected therewith orResult in the pollution of the general environment)

For Factories employing above 200 workers: There shall be a full time Factory Medical Officer for factories employing up to 500 workers and one more Medical Officer for every additional 1,000workers or Part thereof.He should posses a Certificate of Training in Industrial Health of minimum three months duration recognized by the State Government, or He should posses a diploma in Industrial Health.

Safety CommitteeIs a must in every factory wherein 250 or more workers are ordinarily employed, orwhich carries on any process or operation declared to be dangerous under Section 87 of the Act; orwhich carries on Hazardous Process as defined in Factories Act.

Committee CompositionManagement Representatives :A senior official, who by his position in the organisation can contribute effectively to the functioning of the Committee, shall be the Chairman;A Safety Officer, and a Factory Medical Officer wherever available and the Safety Officer in such a case shall be Secretary of the Committee;A representative each from the production, maintenance and purchase departments.

Function and Duties of Safety CommitteeAssisting and co-operating with the management in achieving the aims and objectives outlined in the Health and Safety Policy of the occupier;Dealing with all matters concerning health, safety and environment and to arrive at practicable solution to problems encountered;Creating safety awareness amongst all workers;Undertaking educational, training and promotional activities

Discussing reports on safety, environmental and occupational health surveys, safety audits, risk assessment, Emergency and Disaster Management plans and implementation of the recommendations made in the reports; Carrying out health and safety surveys and identifying causes of accidents; Looking into any complaint made on the likelihood of an imminent danger to the safety and health of the workers and suggesting corrective measures; and Reviewing the implementation of the recommendations made by it.

Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989

Objective:To ensure prevention of accidents involving hazardous chemicals in various categories

Major ProvisionsEnforced by factory inspectorate along with SPCBs/ CPCBIdentification of major hazards and take preventive steps for identified hazards Demonstrate safe operation / emergency preparedness.Prepare MSDS, ensure proper lebeling of containers.Preparation of Safety Reports, in case of exceeding threshold quantities of hazardous chemicals storage.Notification of sites, in case of use of hazardous chemicals storage exceeding threshold quantities.Preparation of on-site emergency plan and conducting mock drills.

OSH OrganisationsGovernment OSH Organisations-Directorate General Factory Advice Service & Labour Institutes (Founded in 1954)Central Labour Institute and 4 Regional Labour Institutes (Founded in 1959)State Inspectorate of Factories and BoilersDirectorate General of Mine Safety

Autonomous OSH OrgansationsNational Safety Council of India (Founded in 1966)Loss Prevention Association of India (Founded in 1978)National Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteNational Institute of Occupational HealthDisaster Management Institute

DISASTER MANAGEMENT & RISK ASSESSMENTThe Ministry of Environment & forests under Environment Protection Act has constituted 4-Tier Crisis Groups for Disaster Management of Chemical Accidents in the country. The Crisis Groups will work under the purview of the Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response)rules, 1996.

The Groups are constituted at:

Country level : Central Crisis GroupState level : State Crisis Group District level : District Crisis GroupIndustry Pocket Level : Local Crisis Group

Penalty for Offences:

Any contravention of any of the provisions of this Act or of any rules made thereunder or of any order in writing given thereunder, the occupier and manager of the factory shall each be guilty of an offence and punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to (two years) or with fine which may extend to (one lakh rupees) or with both;

Penalty for Offences:Provided that where contravention of any of the provisions under S 87 has resulted in an accident causing death or serious bodily injury, the fine shall not be less than (twenty five thousand rupees) in the case of an accident causing death, and (five thousand rupees) in the case of an accident causing serious bodily injury.

Penalty for Contravention of the Provisions of SS 41-B, 41-C & 41-H(1)Whoever fails to comply with or contravenes any of the provision of SS41-B, 41-C and 41-H or the rules made thereunder, shall, in respect of such failure or contravention, be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years and with fine which may extend to two lakh rupees, and in case the failure or contravention continues, with additional fine which may extend to five thousand rupees for every day during which such failure or contravention continues after the conviction for the first such failure or contravention.

Penalty for Contravention of the Provisions of SS 41-B, 41-C & 41-H(2) If the failure or contravention referred to in sub-S (1) continues beyond a period of one year after the date of conviction, the offender shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years.

Statutory regulations on Construction SafetyThe Building and Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Act, 1996The Building and Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Rules, 1998.The Central Labour Commissioner has been designated as the Director General of Inspections for enforcing the Central Act, 1996 and Central Rules, 1998.

Industrial Accident Statistics in India

YearNon-fatalFatal199896,2321,026199981,815974200028585660

Thank You

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