1.Overview of Global Forest Governance and Forest Law Enforcement focussed to the ENA Region

The trouble with our times is that the future is not what it

used to be…

The trouble with our times is that the future is not what it

used to be…

PrefacePreface

Paul Valéry

© Rockstrom 2010

ВведениеВведение

Будущее уже не то, что было раньше…

Будущее уже не то, что было раньше… Поль Валери

Overview of Overview of Global Forest Governance and Global Forest Governance and

Forest Law Enforcement Forest Law Enforcement focussed to the ENA Regionfocussed to the ENA Region

Europe and North Asia Forest Law Enforcement and GovernanceEurope and North Asia Forest Law Enforcement and GovernancePreparatory Committee Conference (PrepCom)Preparatory Committee Conference (PrepCom)

Moscow, June 6, 2005Moscow, June 6, 2005

Jürgen Blaser, Intercooperation, Bern, Switzerland

The present content does only commit the presenter, and none of the involved organizationsPhotographic illustrations are not in direct relationship to the specific issue in the respective slide© Juergen Blaser, with support by Kerstin Canby and Arnoldo Contreras. Photographs by J. Blaser

Обзор глобальных вопросов Обзор глобальных вопросов управления в лесном секторе и управления в лесном секторе и

специфических проблем в специфических проблем в регионе ЕСАрегионе ЕСА

«Международный процесс по вопросам правоприменения, «Международный процесс по вопросам правоприменения, управления в лесном секторе (управления в лесном секторе (FLEG) FLEG) в регионе Европы и Северной Азии»в регионе Европы и Северной Азии»

Подготовительная конференцияПодготовительная конференция МоскваМосква, 6-8, 6-8 июня июня 2005 2005 г. г.

Юрген Блазер, Swiss Intercooperation

The present content does only commit the presenter, and none of the involved organizationsPhotographic illustrations are not in direct relationship to the specific issue in the respective slide© Juergen Blaser, with support by Kerstin Canby and Arnoldo Contreras. Photographs by J. Blaser

Overview of International Processes and Overview of International Processes and

Progress Progress

in Forest Governance since Saint Petersburg in Forest Governance since Saint Petersburg

20052005Обзор международных процессов и вопросов развития Обзор международных процессов и вопросов развития

рационального управления в лесном секторерационального управления в лесном секторе

в период с 2005 года, после провдения в период с 2005 года, после провдения

Конференции в г. Санкт-ПетербургКонференции в г. Санкт-Петербург Juergen Blaser

Юрген БлазерBern University of Applied Sciences

Университет Верн, Швейцария

Tblisi, 8 July 2014

(1) OVERVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL (1) OVERVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL PROCESSESPROCESSES

ОБЗОР МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВОБЗОР МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ

(1) OVERVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL (1) OVERVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL PROCESSESPROCESSES

ОБЗОР МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВОБЗОР МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ

31% of the world’s land area is covered by forests31% of the world’s land area is covered by forests31% территории Земли покрыто лесами31% территории Земли покрыто лесами

2,180 m 2,180 m haha

1,850 m 1,850 m haha

North Север

South Юг

Forests 2014Forests 2014 Лес 2014 Лес 2014

Country Data Boreal Temperate Subtropical Tropical Global

Land Area('000 ha)

2,659,547 2,894,298 1,985,421 5,386,567 13,010,510

20.4% 22.2% 15.3% 41.4% 100%

Forest Area('000 ha)

1,179,682 671,003 342,035 1,839,303 4,033,063

29.3% 16.6% 8.5% 45.6% 100%

Relative proportion of Forest

44.4% 23.2% 17.2% 34.1% 31.0%

Development of Forest Area

increasingslightly

increasingincreasing decreasing

slightlydecreasing

Change Rate 0.4% 0.2% 0.4% -0.4% -0.1%

Carbon in living forest biomass (Megatons)

48,890 38,171 8,563 179,535 275,207

17.8% 13.9% 3.1% 65.2% 100%

Population (million)194,300 2,260,032 973,640 3,311,683 6,750,525

2.9% 33.5% 14.4% 49.1% 100%

Population development

decreasingslightly

increasingslightly

increasingstrongly

increasingincreasing

Forest area (m ha)Площадь лесов

(млн.га)

Forest cover %В процентном соотношении

Growing stock (m3/ha)Выработка леса на

гектар

Balkans - Балканы 19 32 176

Eastern Europe Восточная Европа

827 48 103

North and Central AsiaСеверная и Центральная Азия

23 4 82

Caucasus - Кавказ 15 16 141

TOTAL Всего 884 37 105

Forests in ENA-RegionForests in ENA-Region 2014 2014 - - ЛесаЛеса ЕСА регион, ЕСА регион, 20142014

Felling as % of annual growthВырубка в % от ежегодного прироста

Nordics and Baltics 72%

Central Europe 61%

EU 27 60%

South-East Europe 45%

Russia 34%

(USA, Canada) (80%)

Forest resources ever increasing in ENA RegionПрирост лесов на Евразийском континенте

Supply and demand for timber, paper, wood products, energySupply and demand for timber, paper, wood products, energy Спрос и предложение в индустрии леса, бумажной Спрос и предложение в индустрии леса, бумажной промышленности, производстве товаров из древесины промышленности, производстве товаров из древесины и секторе энергетики и секторе энергетики

Increased demand for and competition between products;

Global timber trade doubled over the last decade (in spite of slow down 2008/2009) China, emerging markets

Increasing demand for transparency and production methods Возрастающая потребность в открытой информации о производстве и товарах

Certified forests Dec. 2005: 272 m ha (91 m ha ENA region)

Certified forests June 2014: 442 m ha (166 m ha ENA region)

FLEG, FLEGT processes, also influenced behaviors (China…)

Global forest Challenges 2005 – Global forest Challenges 2005 – 20142014

Основные проблемы мирового леса 2005-Основные проблемы мирового леса 2005-20142014

Raise of global energy marketRaise of global energy market:: biofuel, wood pellets, wood chips biofuel, wood pellets, wood chips Энергоресурсы: топливные пеллеты, щепа Энергоресурсы: топливные пеллеты, щепа 40% raise of wood fuel from forests in ENA region 2005-2013 40% raise of wood fuel from forests in ENA region 2005-2013 (360 million m3 of wood) (360 million m3 of wood)

Valuation of forest products and ecosystem servicesValuation of forest products and ecosystem services Оценка лесных товаров и услуг Оценка лесных товаров и услуг Timber, timber products and NTFP, water, carbon, biodiversity Changes in forest ownership, access to forest resourcesChanges in forest ownership, access to forest resources Реформа форм собственности леса, реальный доступ к Реформа форм собственности леса, реальный доступ к использованию лесных ресурсов использованию лесных ресурсов From state to communities, user associations, private sector lease; “land grabbing”: Increased demand for land: plantation wood Changes in national forest policyChanges in national forest policy Изменения в политике управления лесами на государственной Изменения в политике управления лесами на государственной уровне уровне From forestry policies to wider forest policies

Global Forest GovernanceGlobal Forest GovernanceНадлежащее управление лесами Надлежащее управление лесами

Global Forest GovernanceGlobal Forest GovernanceНадлежащее управление лесами Надлежащее управление лесами

Forest and economic growth, trade policiesForest and economic growth, trade policies

Forests and sustainable developmentForests and sustainable development

Forests and climate changeForests and climate change

Forests and biological diversityForests and biological diversity

Forests and their social, cultural and « public-opinion» dimension.Forests and their social, cultural and « public-opinion» dimension.

Transversal dimension: Forest GovernanceTransversal dimension: Forest Governance

Forest Governance 10 years afterForest Governance 10 years afterSt. Petersburg: the broad issuesSt. Petersburg: the broad issues

(1) Forest and Environmental Policy (global and regional)(1) Forest and Environmental Policy (global and regional)

Лесная политика и окружающая среда Лесная политика и окружающая среда

(2) Trade Policies - (2) Trade Policies - Торговая политикаТорговая политика

(3) Green Economy - (3) Green Economy - Зеленая экономикаЗеленая экономика

(4) Institutions - (4) Institutions - ОрганизацииОрганизации

(5) An overlying issue: climate change(5) An overlying issue: climate change

С учетом изменений климата С учетом изменений климата

The Forest Instrument 2007; post-2015; Global Objectives on Forests:The Forest Instrument 2007; post-2015; Global Objectives on Forests:

Reverse the loss of forest cover worldwide…Reverse the loss of forest cover worldwide…

Enhance forest-based economic, social and environmental benefitsEnhance forest-based economic, social and environmental benefits

Increase significantly the area of protected forests worldwide Increase significantly the area of protected forests worldwide and other areas of sustainably managed forests…and other areas of sustainably managed forests…

Mobilize financial resources for sustainable forest management Mobilize financial resources for sustainable forest management …. ….

CBD Aichi Targets (2011CBD Aichi Targets (2011): ): 4 main targets, including: 4 main targets, including: “By 2020, at least 17% of terrestrial areas are conserved”

Climate changeClimate change: : REDD+ Challenges (since 2009)/NAMA/LULUCFREDD+ Challenges (since 2009)/NAMA/LULUCFThe missing element: carbon permanence (boreal and temperate forests)The missing element: carbon permanence (boreal and temperate forests)

Bonn Challenge (2012): 2 targets, including Bonn Challenge (2012): 2 targets, including ““Restore 150 million hectares of the world's degraded and deforested lands by 2020»

Forests and SDG targets post 2015 (2014Forests and SDG targets post 2015 (2014): Forests under biodiversity, incl. possible target: “By 2030 ): Forests under biodiversity, incl. possible target: “By 2030 manage all the world’s forests sustainably”manage all the world’s forests sustainably”

Forest Governance: (1) Policy Dimension Forest Governance: (1) Policy Dimension (global)(global)

Forest Governance: (1) Policy Dimension Forest Governance: (1) Policy Dimension (global)(global)

““Forest Europe”Forest Europe”Since 1990, 46 members, 6 Ministerial conferencesSince 1990, 46 members, 6 Ministerial conferences

Since 2011: Since 2011: Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee to develop a legally binding agreement on forests in the pan-European region

Aims:

consolidating tools for SFM;

improving monitoring of and reporting on forests;

combatting illegal logging;

developing a common approach to the valuation of forests services;

emphasizing the social aspects of forestry;

the role of forests in the transition to a green economy.

Forest Governance: (1) Policy Dimension Forest Governance: (1) Policy Dimension (regional)(regional)

Forest Governance: (1) Policy Dimension Forest Governance: (1) Policy Dimension (regional)(regional)

European Union Timber Regulation (EUTR), March 2013:European Union Timber Regulation (EUTR), March 2013: Prevents illegal logged wood in all the EU Member StatesPrevents illegal logged wood in all the EU Member States

EU/US Transatlantic Free Trade Area NegotiationsEU/US Transatlantic Free Trade Area Negotiations:: Elimination of tariffs and non-tariffs barriers; standards & regulationsElimination of tariffs and non-tariffs barriers; standards & regulations Lacey Act (1900) amendment of 2008: trafficking of wood and wood productsLacey Act (1900) amendment of 2008: trafficking of wood and wood products

Investment: Russian Federation Investment Project:Investment: Russian Federation Investment Project:

EEarmarked 400 billion rubles to finance priority projects in the country’s forestry industry “to make the sector attractive for investment and address its long-term problems”

Forest Governance: (2) Trade PoliciesForest Governance: (2) Trade Policies

Forest Governance: (3) Green Forest Governance: (3) Green EconomyEconomyУправление лесами в зеленой Управление лесами в зеленой экономикеэкономике The forest sector in a green economy: The forest sector in a green economy:

IImproving human well-being and social equity while mproving human well-being and social equity while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities. scarcities.

10 key messages of the L’viv Forum 201210 key messages of the L’viv Forum 2012 10 ключевых рекомендаций Львовского Форума10 ключевых рекомендаций Львовского Форума

Action Plan for the Forest Sector in a Green Economy Action Plan for the Forest Sector in a Green Economy in the ECE regionin the ECE region

План действий по лесу в Зеленой экономике План действий по лесу в Зеленой экономике ЕСА-региона. ЕСА-региона.

Forest Governance: (4) InstitutionsForest Governance: (4) InstitutionsУправление лесами: интернациональные Управление лесами: интернациональные

организацииорганизации

Forest Governance: (5) Climate change: Forest Governance: (5) Climate change: Forest-based adaptation and carbon sinks Forest-based adaptation and carbon sinks

Адаптация лесов к изменению климата вАдаптация лесов к изменению климата в планировании лесного хозяйства планировании лесного хозяйства

Map: the world 4°C warmerMap: the world 4°C warmer

Карта: повышение температуры на 4 градусаКарта: повышение температуры на 4 градуса

(2) PROGRESS (2) PROGRESS IN FOREST GOVERNANCE SINCE IN FOREST GOVERNANCE SINCE

SAINT PETERSBURG 2005SAINT PETERSBURG 2005

Развитие рационального Развитие рационального управления в лесном секторе в управления в лесном секторе в

период с 2005 годапериод с 2005 года

St. PetersburgSt. PetersburgDeclaration, Nov. 2005 Declaration, Nov. 2005

Expression of commitment «выражение доброй воли» by 43 governments (+EU) from the ENA region and other participating countries to take action to address illegal logging and associated forest crimes.

Ministerial St. Petersburg Declaration, contents:Содержание министерской Декларации, г. Санкт-Петербург

National action fields “commitments” (7) International action fields “commitments” (4) Indicative list of possible actions (возможные действия)

Criteria to assess progress of implementation of Criteria to assess progress of implementation of the the

St. Petersburg DeclarationSt. Petersburg DeclarationКритерии осуществления Санкт-Петербургской Критерии осуществления Санкт-Петербургской

декларации:декларации:National level

High level political commitment for FLEG Review forest legislation, harmonize with intern. agreements Strengthen interagency cooperation Formulate concrete actions under clearly defined targets Recognize the rights of forest-dependent communities and stakeholder participation Develop anti-corruption tools Disseminate transparent information

Criteria to assess progress of StP (cont.)

Критерии осуществления Санкт-Петербургской декларации

International level Promote and develop cooperation, partnerships,

human capacity Enhance awareness of information about the legality

of products Cooperate with civil society to inform consumers

of the problems of FLEG

Measures to improve forest Measures to improve forest governance governance Меры по совершенствованию Меры по совершенствованию

управления в лесном сектореуправления в лесном секторе

Measures to improve forest Measures to improve forest governance governance Меры по совершенствованию Меры по совершенствованию

управления в лесном сектореуправления в лесном секторе

Reform Laws and NormsReform Laws and Norms

Изменение законов и Изменение законов и нормативных актовнормативных актов

PreventionPrevention DetectionDetection SupressionSupressionПрофилактикаПрофилактика ВыявлениеВыявление Пресечение Пресечение

Reform tenureReform tenureРеформированиеРеформирование

прав лесовладенияправ лесовладения

Strengthen civil serviceStrengthen civil serviceУкрепление системыУкрепление системы

госслужбыгосслужбы

Increase transparencyIncrease transparencyПовышениеПовышение

прозрачностипрозрачности

Reduce monopoly powerReduce monopoly powerУменьшениеУменьшение

монопольной властимонопольной власти

Knowledge & CooperationKnowledge & CooperationУправление знаниями иУправление знаниями и

развитие сотрудничестваразвитие сотрудничества

СовершенстСовершенствование вование

управления управления в лесном в лесном секторесекторе

Resistance to change: Willing to give up privileges?Resistance to change: Willing to give up privileges?

Сопротивлением переменамСопротивлением переменам: : Нежелание расставаться с Нежелание расставаться с привилегиямипривилегиямиDifficulties to separate government functions versus private Difficulties to separate government functions versus private sector functions sector functions

Трудности разграничения государственных функцийТрудности разграничения государственных функций и функций частного сектораи функций частного сектораRegulatory role often not separated from production activitiesRegulatory role often not separated from production activities

Роль государственного регулирования зачастуюРоль государственного регулирования зачастую не отделена от производственной деятельностине отделена от производственной деятельностиWeak means for monitoring and controlWeak means for monitoring and control

Недостаточное финансирование мероприятий по Недостаточное финансирование мероприятий по мониторингу и контролюмониторингу и контролю

Institutions: what has changed since 10 Institutions: what has changed since 10 years?years?

ИнститутыИнституты:: экономика переходного экономика переходного периодапериода

In Summary: In Summary: St. Petersburg Declaration - post-2015St. Petersburg Declaration - post-2015

Green economy: Good forest governance as a prerequisite

Enabling environment for private investment in forests

Protection of critical forest habitats and ecosystems; define the role of forests in climate change

Broaden the issues: capture the true value of forests

Review national and international commitments, adapt and link a post-2015 St.D. commitment to current international processes.

Implement effective policies, tenure and institutional reform:

Проведение эффективной лесной политики, реформы на всех уровнях, в т.ч. государственном и частном