1._____heat from inside the Earth 2._____type of resource minerals and metals are 3. _____cutting down all of the trees in an area 4._____crops that replenish.

Do Now Alt Energy Sources1. _____heat from inside the Earth2. _____type of resource minerals

and metals are3. _____cutting down all of the trees

in an area4._____crops that replenish the

nutrients in the soil5. ___what does the anchoring of

plant roots prevent

Do Now Alt Energy Sources1._____burning of wood or dung

2. _____type of resource sun, wind, water

3. _____moving of sediment4._____various methods humans use

to save the soil5. ___what does the anchoring of

plant roots prevent

Layers of the Earth

Key Questions• What are the layers of the Earth?• What is the crust?• What are the characteristics of the Earth’s Crust?• What is the composition of the Earth’s Crust?• What is the lithosphere?• What is the Moho?• What is the mantle?• What are the characteristics of the Earth’s Mantle?• What is the composition of the Earth’s Mantle?• What is the asthenosphere?• What is the mesosphere?• What is the core?• What is the outer core?• What is the inner core?

1. What are the layers of the Earth?• Crust• Mantle• Core

2. What are is the crust?• Thinnest layer• Outermost layer• Made of rock• Covered by water, soil, life• Made of oxygen, aluminum, silicon, iron, and

magnesium • 2 types continental and oceanic

What are the characteristics of the Earth’s Crust?

• Crust floats on the mantle.• Two layers – Top layer of granite and a more dense

bottom layer of basalt. Both layers are found under continents, only the basalt layer is under the oceans.

• Temperatures increase with depth: 20° C at top and 870° C at bottom.

• Thickness: 5 to 100 kilometers thickContinental Crust: ~ 30 kmOceanic Crust: ~ 5 km

What is the composition of the crust?• Oxygen: ~ 50%• Silicon: ~ 30%• Aluminum: ~ 10%

What is the mantle?• thickest part of the Earth• Made of iron, oxygen, silicon, aluminum, and

magnesium

What are the characteristics of the mantle?• Temperatures: Top of mantle is ~ 870° C and bottom

is ~ 2,200° C.• Rock begins to flow like very thick syrup as

temperature increases.• Thickness: ~ 2,900 km• Upper and Lower Mantle – they differ in

temperature, density, and pressure. These increase as depth increases.

What is the composition of the mantle?• Silicon, Oxygen, Iron, and Magnesium• The deeper the rocks are in the mantle,

the more iron they hold.

What is the core?• Innermost layer of the Earth.• Made of iron and nickel• Two layers – Outer Core and Inner Core

1. What is the lithosphere?• Made up of crust and uppermost layer of the

mantle.• Broken into pieces (tectonic plates) which move

around on the asthenosphere.

2. What is the asthenosphere?• Upper part of the mantle.• Soft, weak, hot rock (magma)• Tectonic plates float on

3. What is the mesosphere?• Lower mantle.• Solid and rigid moves slowly

4. What is the outer core?• LIQUID iron and nickel• Creates Earth’s magnetic field which protects

us from solar radiation

5. What is the inner core?• Solid iron and nickel• Highest temperature, pressure, and density• Solid due to extreme pressure bearing down.

What is the Moho?• Boundary between the crust and the mantle that is

more dense than the crust.