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INDEX 1. INTRODUCTION 3
2. THE STUDENTS 3
3. COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE 4
3.1. Pragmatic competence 5
3.2. Sociolinguistic competence 5
3.3. Linguistic competence 5
3.4. Strategic competence 5
4. GENERAL OBJECTIVES 5
5. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 6
5.1. PRAGMATIC COMPETENCE 6
5.1.1. Oral and Written Interaction 6
5.1.2. Listening Comprehension 7
5.1.3. Oral Expression 7
5.1.4. Reading Comprehension 7
5.1.5. Written Expression 7
5.2. SOCIOCULTURAL AND SOCIOLINGUISTIC COMPETENCE 8
5.3. LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE 8
5.4. STRATEGIC COMPETENCE 8
6. CONTENTS 9
6.1. COMMUNICATIVE ACTIVITIES 9
6.2. FUNCTIONS 9
6.3. COHERENCE AND COHESION OF DISCOURSE 12
6.4. TOPICS 14
6.5. LINGUISTIC RESOURCES 15
6.5.1. GRAMMAR 15
6.5.2. DISCOURSE 18
6.5.3. PHONOLOGY AND SPELLING 21
7. METHODOLOGY 22
7. 1. Methodological Criteria 22
7. 2. Methodological Strategies 23
8. ASSESSMENT / EVALUATION 24
8.1. Introduction 24
8.2. General Assessment Criteria: 24
8.3. Types of Assessment / Evaluation 26
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8.3.1. Placement Test 26
8.3.2. Diagnostic Assessment 26
8.3.3. Continuous Assessment 26
8.3.4. End-of-Course Assessment 27
8.3.5. Format of the final test 28
8.3.6. Procedure for the administration of the final tests 29
8.3.7. Assessment Criteria for the Final Test 29
9. MEASURES FOR MISSED ACTIVITIES, RETAKING TESTS, AND REVISION 30
10. MATERIALS AND TEACHING RESOURCES USED IN THE CLASSROOM 31
11. EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES 32
12. MEASURES FOR ATTENTION TO SPECIAL NEEDS AND DIVERSITY 32
13. UNIT PLANS 34
13.1. Introduction 34
13.2. Duration 34
UNIT PLAN 1 Food and Eating Habits 35
UNIT PLAN 2 Family and Friends 36
UNIT PLAN 3 Money 38
UNIT PLAN 4 World Traveller 40
UNIT PLAN 5 I Have to Make a Phone Call 41
UNIT PLAN 6 You Can Do It 43
UNIT PLAN 7 Education 44
UNIT PLAN 8 Home Sweet Home 46
UNIT PLAN 9 Different Styles 47
UNIT PLAN 10 Professional Life 49
UNIT PLAN 11 Shopping 51
UNIT PLAN 12 Films and Songs 52
UNIT PLAN 13 Public Figures We Admire 54
UNIT PLAN 14 Are You Lucky? 55
UNIT PLAN 15 An Interesting Story 57
14. BIBLIOGRAPHY 59
14.1. Textbooks 59
14.2. Recommended reference books 59
14.2.1. Grammars 59
14.2.2. Dictionaries 59
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1. INTRODUCTION
This syllabus has been created taking into account the following general
regulations for foreign language teaching and assessment / evaluation:
The Order EDU 17/2007 (December 10th ), which regulates the organization of
the Official Schools of Languages in Andalucía; the Decree 15/2012 (February
7th), which approved the regulations regarding educational institutions in this
Autonomous Community; the Order EDU/2645/2011 (September 23rd ),
regarding assessment / evaluation and certification in the Official Schools of
Languages in Andalucía; and, finally, the Decree 59/2007 (June 7th), which
modified the curriculum for the intermediate level.
2. THE STUDENTS
In the Official Schools of Languages in Andalucía there is broad range of
students from a variety of backgrounds with regard to age, occupation, and
reasons for having chosen English as a language of study. There are secondary
school students, university students, and professional people, among them
teachers from other sectors of education, as well as working people in general
and retired people.
Clearly, many of them see English as a useful language that they need to
understand and express themselves in an increasingly globalized world, which
is one of the reasons behind the tremendous social demand for English.
Considering that students in the Official School of Languages are a very diverse
group with people with different tastes, opinions, ages, professions, interests,
etc.,
it is difficult to specify one type of student in order to plan teaching activities.
Therefore, teaching activities must be planned and carried out with these
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diverse groups in mind by offering them a variety of contents and
communicative activities while working towards group cohesion through the
interaction offered by the communicative method. In addition, when possible,
individual and collective interests will be taken into consideration in order to
adapt the course to the needs that the students may have for English in real life,
while keeping in mind the general and specific objectives of the course and the
European Framework.
One thing that this diverse group of students should have in common is their
level of English when beginning the course. These students have gained
access to the course either by taking a placement test or by having completed
the preceding levels of English courses. In some cases, there are also students
who begin the first year of the intermediate level after having completed
distance-learning systems or the final year of secondary school. At the
beginning of the course, the teacher will take measures to detect any areas of
difference or difficulty and carry out revision activities to assure the all the
students can participate in the communicative and interactive activities and
achieve the course objectives.
3. COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE
The primary objective of language teaching in the Official School of Languages
is to develop communicative competence. The students should use the
language to communicate. Therefore, they must assimilate knowledge and
develop a series of strategies that allow them to perform efficiently. This
requires reproducing in the classroom, as much as possible, the communication
processes that are carried out in real life. In order to contextualize these
processes, classes will be conducted in English, requiring the students to
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gradually use English more and more. Communicative competence is
composed of the following components:
3.1. Pragmatic competence is the ability to adapt the communicative activities
for interaction, comprehension and expression to practical communicative
situations, and the ability to transmit the desired communicative intentions and
functions (functional competence) through speaking and writing which is
structured, cohesive and coherent (discourse competence).
3.2. Sociolinguistic competence is how well a person speaks and is
understood in various social contexts. This depends on factors such as the
status of those speaking to each other, the purpose of the interaction, and the
expectations of the interaction. The main question is: how socially acceptable is
the person’s use of English in different settings?
3.3. Linguistic competence is how well a person has learned the features and
rules of the language. This includes vocabulary, pronunciation, and sentence
formation. These will be studied and practiced in class, not as an end in
themselves, but rather as tools to assist in interaction and communication in
English.
3.4. Strategic competence is how well a person uses both verbal and non-
verbal forms of communication to compensate for a lack of knowledge in the
other three competencies. The main question is: can a person find ways to
communicate when he or she is lacking some knowledge of English?
4. GENERAL OBJECTIVES
The point of reference for the first year of the intermediate level is the first sub-
level (B1.1.) of the Threshold Level of the Common European Framework of
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Reference for Languages. After successfully completing this course, a student
will be able to:
• Use the language as an instrument of communication and personal expression
about familiar topics, both in the classroom and in everyday situations.
• Understand, interact and express himself or herself appropriately in these
situations, both orally and in writing, with a certain amount of fluency and a
basic but broad linguistic repertoire.
• Increase his or her knowledge of the sociocultural aspects related to everyday
situations and those related to his or her own professional or academic context,
using the proper manners, correct register and appropriate forms of address in
these situations.
• Assimilate the necessary and appropriate linguistic resources for the planned
communicative activities by doing both functional and structural exercises.
• Reinforce and add variety to the use of strategies that accelerate
communication and learning.
• Utilize tools for assessing and improving language use and learning itself.
5. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
5.1. PRAGMATIC COMPETENCE
5.1.1. Oral and Written Interaction
• Understand enough in order to participate, without previous preparation, in
conversations dealing with everyday topics.
• Understand and write notes and letters to familiar conversation partners,
transmitting and highlighting information, describing experiences, feelings and
events in some detail, coherently, and with basic organization and cohesion.
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5.1.2. Listening Comprehension
• Identify the communicative intentions and the main ideas of comments,
discussions, detailed directions and narrations given clearly, at a reasonable
speed of delivery, and in standard language in both formal and informal
registers.
• Extract essential information from announcements, news broadcasts, and
other simple recorded material dealing with general topics and pronounced
relatively slowly and clearly.
5.1.3. Oral Expression
• Carry out simple but coherent presentations, descriptions, and narrations
about a variety of familiar topics, organized in a linear fashion, with a simple but
broad linguistic repertoire and exhibiting cohesion and flexibility.
• Participate fluently in everyday exchanges, although pauses, hesitations and
interruptions may be noticeable in other types of exchanges.
5.1.4. Reading Comprehension
• Understand simple and contextualized texts dealing with general topics or
those related to the student’s area of speciality; identify the communicative
intentions, the important ideas and the most significant details and recognize
the formal or informal registers of standard language.
5.1.5. Written Expression
• Write simple and appropriate texts about familiar topics, respecting the
conventions of written language, connecting elements in coherent sequences,
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with basic but effective organization, cohesion and satisfactory control of simple
linguistic resources.
5.2. SOCIOCULTURAL AND SOCIOLINGUISTIC COMPETENCE
• Expand one’s sociocultural knowledge to include a varied range of everyday
and professional aspects, and adapt one’s behaviour and reactions to different
situations.
• Use the language and social forms typical of the exchanges and texts that the
student normally deals with, as well as the forms of address and common
expressions of courtesy, in a standard register (formal and informal).
• Understand the behaviour and values which are different to one’s own which
underlie everyday sociocultural phenomena, and recognize language that may
be offensive or taboo in the other culture.
5.3. LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE
• Acquire a basic but broad linguistic repertoire for dealing with most common
situations and put discourse together with flexibility, although perhaps still
exhibiting some difficulties in formulation.
• Utilize this repertoire fairly correctly for the expression of predictable functions
and topics in common situations. Use new structures or participate in less
common situations, although the interlanguage still exhibits errors typical of this
level.
5.4. STRATEGIC COMPETENCE
• Strengthen motivation for learning the language and cooperate in the
communicative interaction of the group. Become aware of the most helpful
strategies and apply them intentionally.
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• Utilize one’s own knowledge and experience and assess the resources
available for completing a task. Take advantage of new resources and
opportunities to use the foreign language, in new situations and with different
types of texts. Practice the language, contextualize messages, avoid and
resolve difficulties, monitor comprehension, ask for help and repair gaps in
understanding.
• Faced with difficulties or shortcomings, risk using the language with already-
familiar strategies. Recognize errors as an unavoidable part of the learning
process and try new ways of overcoming them.
• Evaluate learning processes and achievements with the help of the teacher.
Identify difficulties and ways to overcome them. Assess the successes and the
methods used and plan future learning processes in accordance with the
results.
6. CONTENTS
6.1. COMMUNICATIVE ACTIVITIES
These are comprehension and expression activities that the student must put
into practice in order to carry out the communicative functions planned for the
first year of the intermediate level.
6.2. FUNCTIONS
Argumentation
Explaining with examples
Knowledge, Judgments, Opinions
Expressing opinions
Emphasizing an idea
Making deductions
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Monitoring Communication
Reformulating ideas
Asking for clarification
Wishes, State of Health, Feelings and Sensations
Showing and expressing interest and surprise
Expressing preferences
Expressing feelings and emotions
Talking about hopes and plans for the future
Making and accepting apologies and excuses
Dialogue
Expressing agreement and disagreement
Negotiating priorities
Responding to a conversation partner
Negotiating a change of plans
General Information
Generalizing
Instructions, requests, suggestions
Expressing obligation
Asking for and granting permission
Giving instructions
Formulating offers and requests
Formulating a complaint
Giving advice and making suggestions
Responding to a suggestion
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Formulating invitations
Making plans and arrangements to meet with someone
Asking for help
Narration
Demonstrating personal knowledge
Narrating past experiences
Narrating the experiences told by someone else
Sequencing the events in a narration
Organization of discourse
Greeting someone, interacting, and saying goodbye on the telephone
Changing the subject of conversation
Social uses of language
Formulating a polite request
Social Uses of Language
Encouraging conversation partners to participate in a conversation
Getting someone’s attention
Expressing consent
Speaking about yourself
Initiating and maintaining a conversation
Giving examples
Showing thanks
Demonstrating empathy
Responding to someone who is narrating an experience
Description
Describing people
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Describing stereotypes
6.3. COHERENCE AND COHESION OF DISCOURSE
With regard to the communicative activities, functions and types of texts
indicated in the previous sections, I will now describe the level of progress that
can be attained in the course “Intermediate Level 1” in terms of both receptive
and productive skills, and considering the main elements of discourse and
functional competencies.
Effective Communication
• Take the situation and the context into consideration when producing a
message.
• Recognize the communicative intentions and significant ideas of a text or
exchange.
• Select messages and texts that respond to the need for information and
always keep in mind the purpose of what is being listened to or read.
• Fulfill the communicative purposes and transmit simple information in some
detail, highlighting what is considered to be most important.
• Recognize the formal or informal register within standard language, as well as
the degree of familiarity between the conversation partners (forms of address,
expressions, gestures and attitudes).
• Use a standard register of formality and informality according to the
communicative situation.
• React and cooperate in common situations of interaction, according to the
customs of the target culture.
• Take shared information into account in order to offer appropriate information.
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• Use the appropriate strategies for comprehension and effective transmission
of messages and texts.
• Ask for and offer clarification and repetition when there are breakdowns in
communication.
Coherence and Organization
• Respect coherence and the unity of ideas with the communicative purpose, so
that everything is related and there are no mix-ups or unnecessary repetitions.
• Recognize and adjust to the common organization of exchanges in the target
language and culture (greetings, starting a conversation, turn-taking, pauses
and ending a conversation).
• Recognize and adjust to the characteristics and format of the texts or
discourse which must be understood or produced.
• Utilize the graphic layout of the text in order to understand or express its
organization, and to recognize and highlight sections, lists and underlined
areas.
• Organize ideas coherently (temporally, spatially or logically).
• Structure production in accordance with the type de text.
• Offer sufficient and relevant information to fulfill a communicative purpose.
• Observe differences and similarities to discourse in one’s own language or
other foreign languages.
Cohesion
• Recognize and use the appropriate resources to address someone and to take
one’s turn speaking, to maintain and end conversations, as well as to react and
cooperate in everyday exchanges.
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• Recognize and use common discourse markers and intonation in order to
mark the different elements in discourse.
• Contextualize the message with the appropriate temporal and spatial
expressions.
• Recognize and utilize the most common connectors and punctuation of
discourse in paragraphs.
• Refer back to text elements, avoiding unintended repetitions, using ellipses
and simple substitution resources with a clear referent or by way of lexical
resources.
• Pay attention to temporal coherence (present – past – future) in the whole text.
• Practice for fluent comprehension of texts, using the appropriate strategies.
• Manage everyday exchanges with a fluid rhythm; whereas pauses,
hesitations, and interruptions may still be noticeable in more difficult exchanges.
6.4. TOPICS
Meeting people, social relations and ways of interacting
Working with the foreign language in class
Food
Family and Friends
Money
Travel (real or imagined)
Free time and leisure
Telephone and communications
Technology
Physical appearance
Education
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Lodging
Everyday activities
Professional life
Shopping
Goods and services
Cinema and the media
Parties
Politics and citizen participation
6.5. LINGUISTIC RESOURCES
6.5.1. GRAMMAR
Sentences
Types of simple sentences that indicate the speaker’s attitude:
- Declarative (affirmative and negative; emphatic sentences)
- Interrogative.
- Imperative (affirmative and negative sentences)
- Exclamatory: what and how (What a beautiful day! How pleasant!)
- Desiderative: I wish (I wish you the best.)
- Dubitative (I’m not sure.)
- Impersonal:
- The passive voice with simple tenses (The flight was delayed.)
- Word order and alterations in each type of sentence:
- Position of the negation.
- Omission of elements.
- Relative subordination:
- Specific: who, which and that (The woman who called is my sister.)
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- Omission of the relative object pronoun (She’s the actress you saw at the
party.)
- With where and when (That’s the place where pasta was invented.)
- Indirect speech (also called reported speech):
- Conditional Subordination:
- Real conditionals (If you want to catch the plane, hurry up!)
- Hypothetical (If I were you, I’d go by train.)
Determiners
- The definite and indefinite article
- Absence of the article in generalizations
- Use and omission of definite article with last and next
Adjectives
- Adjectives that have comparative forms (difficult, hungry) and absolutes
(starving)
- Comparative and superlative adjectives. Revision and extension
- Irregular Forms: better / the best, worse / the worst, more / the most
- Structures for expressing comparison: the same as, similar to, different from
- Adjective modifiers: adverbs (extremely funny)
- Most common adjectives followed by a preposition (afraid of spiders, fond of
chocolate, good at Maths)
Other forms of noun modification:
− Noun + noun (train ticket, family reunion)
− Constructions introduced by a preposition (a book about nature)
− Relative clauses
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Pronouns
- Personal pronouns: revision and extension of forms, functions, position,
use/omission and agreement with the referent (Jim and Sue left early. They had
to take the bus.)
- Order personal object pronouns (I gave it to him / I gave him a present)
- Reflexive Pronouns
- each other
- a little, a few, enough, much, many
- Relative pronouns: who, which and that. Revision and extension
- Special use of the interrogative pronoun what (I don’t know what to do.)
Verb Phrases
- Nucleus (verb) and complements in accordance with the type of verb
Verbs:
- Revision of the verb tenses from the beginner level
- Present simple and continuous
- Present perfect with for and since
- Forms for expressing the past
- Past simple and continuous
- Past perfect
- The form used to + infinitive
- The form be going to
- Future simple (will)
- Conditional with would, could and should
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- Subjunctive were in conditional sentences
- Modal verbs
- can, could, may, must, should in combination with the bare infinitive
Characteristics and use:
- The form have to for expressing obligation or the absence obligation
- The passive voice of the verb tenses studied in this level
The infinitive after:
- Adjectives (I was pleased to see him.)
- Other verbs (We decided to walk. I want you to drive. He made them leave.)
The gerund:
- Functioning as a noun (Swimming is good for you.)
- After a preposition (I’m interested in buying a new house.)
- After other verbs (I enjoy playing football. I like teaching.)