1d d{kk k 1 2 lj;w - rajeduboard.rajasthan.gov.inrajeduboard.rajasthan.gov.in/books-2017/12/Hindi Sahitya-I (Saryu).pdf · le;&3%15 fo"k; dksM&21 iw.kkZad&80 vf/kxe {ks= vad 16 16

d{kk

12

lj;wd{kk12

lj;

w

fganh lkfgR;&izFke

lj;w

d{kk 12 fganh lkfgR; ds fy, Lohd`r ikB~;iqLrd

ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ jktLFkku] vtesj

ikB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefriqLrd % lj;w fganh lkfgR;

d{kk & 12

la;kstd %&

ys[kdx.k %&

MkWå vk'kh"k fllksfn;k] lgk;d vkpk;Z

fganh foHkkx] eksguyky lq[kkfM+;k fo'ofo|ky;] mn;iqj

1- MkWå vkfnR; dqekj xqIr] ofj"B izk/;kid] fganh

jktdh; egkfo|ky;] dksVk

2- jktdqekj ykVk] ofj"B izk/;kid] fganh

jktdh; yksfg;k egkfo|ky;] pq:

3- MkWå johUæ dqekj mik/;k;

iz/kkukpk;Z] jktdh; mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;]

cMksfy?kkVk] fuEckgsM+k] ftyk&fpÙkkSM+x<+

ikB~;Øe lfefr

la;kstd &

lnL; &

iqLrd & lj;wd{kk&12 fganh lkfgR;

MkW- vk'kh"k fllksfn;k] lgk;d vkpk;Z

fganh foHkkx] eksguyky lq[kkfM+;k fo’ofo|ky;] mn;iqjU

MkW- nhfidk fot;oxhZ;] O;k[;krk jktdh; LukrdksŸkj efgyk dkWyst] pkSewa ftyk&t;iqj

2 MkW- uohu uUnokuk] lgk;d vkpk;Z fgUnh foHkkx eksguyky lq[kkfM+;k fo'ofo|ky;] mn;iqj

Jh lat; dqekj ’kekZ MkbV ] guqekux<+

4 Jh jek’kadj ’kekZ] O;k[;krk jktdh; mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;] /kkSyiqj

Jh v’kksd dqekj ’kekZ] Okfj"B v/;kid jktdh; mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;] jykork] vtesj

6 Jh jek’kadj ’kekZ] Okfj"B v/;kid jktdh; Okfj"B mik/;k; laLd`r fo|ky;] dq.MxsV] lkoj] vtesj

1-

-

3-

-

5

-

-

nks ’kCn

izks- ch-,y- pkS/kjh v/;{k

ek/;fed f’k{kk cksMZ jktLFkku] vtesj

fon~;kFkhZ ds fy, ikB~;iqLrd Øec) v/;;u] iq"Vhdj.k] leh{kk vkSj vkxkeh

v/;;u dk vk/kkj gksrh gSA fo"k;-oLrq vkSj f’k{k.k-fof/k dh n`f"V ls fon~;ky;h

ikB~;iqLrd dk Lrj vR;Ur egŸoiw.kZ gks tkrk gSA ikB~;iqLrdksa dks dHkh tM+ ;k

efgekef.Mr djus okyh ugha cuus nh tkuh pkfg,A ikB~;iqLrd vkt Hkh f’k{k.k-

vf/kxe-izfØ;k dk ,d vfuok;Z midj.k cuh gqbZ gS] ftldh ge mis{kk ugha dj

ldrsA

fiNys dqN o"kksZa esa ek/;fed f’k{kk cksMZ ds ikB~;Øe esa jktLFkku dh Hkk"kkxr

,oa lkaLd`frd fLFkfr;ksa ds izfrfuf/kRo dk vHkko eglwl fd;k tk jgk Fkk] bls

n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, jkT; ljdkj }kjk d{kk-9 ls 12 ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, ek/;fed

f’k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku }kjk viuk ikB~;Øe ykxw djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;k gSA blh

ds vuq:i cksMZ }kjk f’k{k.k l= 2016-17 ls d{kk-9 o 11 rFkk l= 2017-18 ls

d{kk-10 o 12 dh ikB~;iqLrdsa cksMZ ds fu/kkZfjr ikB~;Øe ds vk/kkj ij gh rS;kj

djkbZ xbZ gSaA vk’kk gS fd ;s iqLrdsa fon~;kfZFkZ;ksa esa ekSfyd lksp] fparu ,oa

vfHkO;fDRk ds volj iznku djsaxhA

le;&3%15 fo"k; dksM&21

iw.kkZad&80

vf/kxe {ks= vad

16

16

ikB~;iqLrd &lj;w ¼izFke iqLrd½ 32

ikB~;iqLrd &eankfduh ¼f}rh; iqLrd½ 16

fgUnh lkfgR; ikB~;Øe&d{kk&12

[k.M&1

[k.M&2

fgUnh lkfgR; dk laf{kIr bfrgkl

dkO;kax ifjp;

fgUnh lkfgR; dk laf{kIr bfrgkl&16 vad

vk/kqfud dky dk lkekU; ifjp; & ¼4 iz'u½ 4x4=16 vad

dkO;kax ifjp; & 16 vad

¼d½ dkO; xq.k] dkO; nks"k & ¼2 iz'u½ 2x1=2 vad

¼[k½ Nan & ¼xhfrdk] gfjxhfrdk] NIi;] dq.Mfy;k] nqzrfoyfEcr] oa'kLFk] dfoÙk] loS;k½

dksbZ nks iz'u 2x3=6 vad

¼x½ vaydkj & ¼vU;ksfDr] leklksfDr] foHkkouk] fo'ks"kksfDr] n`"Vkar] izrhi] ekuohdj.k] O;frjsd½

dksbZ nks iz'u 2x4=8 vad

ikB~; iqLrd&izFke iqLrd ¼lj;w½ & 32 vad¼d½ 1 O;k[;k x| ls ¼fodYi lfgr½ & 1x3=03 vad¼[k½ 1 O;k[;k i| ls ¼fodYi lfgr½ & 1x3=03 vad¼x½ 2 fuca/kkRed Ikz'u ¼1 iz'u x| ls ,oa 1 iz'u i| Hkkx ls fodYi lfgr½ & 2x4=8 vad¼?k½ 4 y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u ¼2 x| ,oa 2 i| Hkkx ls½ & 4x3=12 vad¼M-½ fdlh ,d dfo ;k ys[kd dk ifjp; & 1x2=02 vad¼p½ 2 vfry?kwÙkjkRed iz'u ¼1 x| ,oa 1 i| Hkkx ls½ & 2x2=04 vad

ikB~; iqLrd&f}rh; iqLrd ¼eankfduh½ & 16 vad¼d½ 1 fuca/kkRed Ikz'u ¼fodYi lfgr½ & 1x4=04 vad¼[k½ 4 y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u & 4x3=12 vad

[k.M&3

[k.M&4

÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê

ys[kd eaMy

ckjgoha d{kk ds fganh lkfgR; fo"k; dh ikB~;&iqLrd ds :i esa ladfyr&laikfnr bl ikB~; iqLrd esa lac) d{kk

ds fon~;kfFkZ;ksa ds lkekftd] uSfrd] ckSf)d Lrj ds vuq:i lkfgR; jpukvksa ds ek/;e ls muds fganh Hkk"kk Kku] vFkZ

xzg.k ,oa vfHkO;fDr {kerk ds mRd"kZ ds lkFkZd mn~ns'; dks eq[;r% /;ku esa j[kk x;k gSA

Hkk"kk] Kku ,oa vfHkO;fDr&lkeF;Z ds fodkl dk lokZf/kd l'kDr ek/;e gS & Lrjh; lkfgR; ,oa mldh jpukRed Hkkf"kd Hkafxek,¡A bl laxzg ds x| [k.M esa fofHkUu dky[kaMksa ds fganh ds izfrfuf/k ,oa Lrjh; x|dkjksa dh lqcks/k] #fpdj ,oa izsj.kkLin jpuk,¡ ladfyr gSaA in~; [kaM esa fganh dkO; ds dF;xr ,oa vuqHkwfrijd ifjizs{; esa izfrfuf/k dfo;ksa dh ljl] lqcks/k] izsjd ,oa thou ds fofo/k igyqvksa dh vFkZ xaHkhj vfHkO;atuk djus okyh fof'k"V dforkvksa dks lax`ghr fd;k x;k gSA

fon~;kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, visf{kr f'k{k.k y{;ksa dh lkFkZd] lexz ,oa oSfo/;iw.kZ iwfrZ gsrq jpukvksa ds fodklØe] ewY;ijd dF; ,oa fofo/k dFku&Hkafxekvksa dk bl ladyu esa fo'ks"k /;ku j[kk x;k gSA

vk'kk gS ladyu vius mn~ns';ksa dh iwfrZ esa lgk;d fl) gks ldsxkA i;kZIr ltxrk ,oa lEiw.kZ iz;Ruksa ds mijkUr Hkh U;wurk,¡ fuf'pr gh jgh gksaxhA gekjk fuosnu gS fd mu U;wurkvksa dh vksj bafxr djsa ftlls blesa ;Fkksfpr la'kks/ku ifjo/kZu laHko gks ldsA blds fy, ge vkids cgqr vkHkkjh jgsaxsA

var esa ge mu lHkh lkfgR;dkjksa] ys[kdksa] dfo;ksa ds vkHkkjh gSa ftuds ikB] ys[k] dfork,¡ vkfn bl ladyu esa lax`ghr gSaA

in~; Hkkx

xn~; [kaM

ikB ys[kd i`"B la[;k 1- nksgs] in dchj 1&42- eanksnjh dh jko.k dks lh[k rqylhnkl 5&93- nksgs jghe 10&134- izse&ihj&o.kZu ?kukuan 14&175- _rq o.kZu lsukifr 18&206- xaxk Lrqfr in~ekdj 21&237- ;'kks/kjk¼ladfyr½] Hkkjr dh Js"Brk eSfFkyh 'kj.k xqIr 24&278- jke dh 'kfDriwtk ¼ladfyr½ lw;Zdkar f=ikBh fujkyk 28&329- is'kksyk dh izfr/ofu t;'kadj izlkn 33&3610- dq#{ks= ¼r`rh; lxZ&ladfyr½jke/kkjh flag fnudj 37&4511- Hkkjr ekrk] /kjrh fdruk nsrh gS lqfe=kuanu iar 46&5212- fdj.k /ksuq,¡] foMEcuk] ,d cks/k ujs'k esgrk 53&57

13- xqYyh&MaMk ¼dgkuh½ izsepan 58&6614- feBkbZ okyk ¼dgkuh½ Hkxorh izlkn oktis;h 67&7315- Hkkjrh; laLÑfr ¼fuca/k½ ckcw xqykcjk; 74&8016- f'kjh"k ds Qwy ¼fuca/k½ vkpk;Z gtkjh izlkn f}osnh 81&8617- iktsc ¼dgkuh½ tSusUæ dqekj 87&10118- vyksih ¼laLej.k½ egknsoh oekZ 102&11019- lso vkSj nso ¼dgkuh½ låghåokå vKs; 111&11920- HkfDr vkanksyu vkSj rqylhnkl jke foykl 'kekZ 120&12621- laLdkjksa vkSj 'kkL=ksa dh yM+kb Z gfj'kadj ijlkbZ 127&131 ¼O;aX; fuca/k½22- Hkkjr Hkh egk'kfDr cu ldrk gS Jh/kj ijkM+dj 132&136

ÛÛÛ

•ŸÈ∑̋§◊Áá Ê∑§Ê

(1)

1- dchj

dfo ifjp; &

ikB-ifjp; &

HkfDrdky dh fuxqZ.k KkukJ;h 'kk[kk ds çfrfuf/k dfo ,oa lardkO; /kkjk ds çorZd ds :i esa

fo[;kr dchj ,d egku lar] lPps lekt lq/kkjd dfo FksA budk tUe foØe la- 1455 ¼dchj

pfj=cks/k esa mfYyf[kr vuqlkj½ vFkkZr~ 1398 bZ- esa dk'kh esa gqvkA budk ykyu ikyu uh: uhek uked

tqykgk nEifŸk us fd;kA dchj vf'kf{kr Fks( ijUrq cgqJqr FksA os Kku vkSj vuqHko ls le`n~/k FksA os Lokeh

jkekuUn ds f'k"; FksA os ,d ;qx iq#"k Fks] mudh çfrHkk cgqeq[kh FkhA

viuh vuqHkwfr;ksa dks lgt ,oa çHkko'kkyh <ax ls tuekul ds ân; rd igq¡pkus esa fln~/kgLr

dchj us viuh ok.kh }kjk /kkfeZd ladh.kZrk ,oa ckg~;kMEcjksa] dqjhfr;ksa vkfn dk fojks/k dj jke jghe dh

,drk ds ek/;e ls er erkUrjksa ls Åij mBdj ekuork dh LFkkiuk dk 'ka[kukn fd;kA os vkfRed

lk/kuk ,oa eu dh iwtk ij fo'okl djrs FksA e/;dky ds Økafr iq#"k gksus ds dkj.k dchj us lekt ds

Hkhrjh vkSj ckgjh nksuksa i{kksa ij rh[ks O;aX; fd,A :f<+;ksa ls eqä lkekftd lejlrk dh LFkkiuk dk

lans'k buds dkO; esa çeq[k :i ls feyrk gSA dchj dk f'kYi ljy] lgtxzkg~; gSA mudk çrhd fo/kku

nSfud thou ls lacaf/kr gSA Hkk"kk iapesy f[kpM+h] l/kqDdM+h gS] ftlesa jktLFkkuh] iatkch] iwohZ fgUnh]

czt vkfn Hkk"kk ds 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx gqvk gSA budh jpuk,¡ *chtd* esa ladfYkr gSaA budk nsgkolku

la- 1575 ¼1518 bZ-½ dks eXkgj esa gqvkA bl laca/k esa ,d nksgk çpfyr gS&

laor~ iUnzg lkS fipÙkj] fd;k exgj dw¡ xkSuA ek?k lqnh ,dkn'kh jyks ikSu esa ikSuA

çLrqr ladyu esa lkf[k;ksa vkSj inksa ds ek/;e ls dchjnkl us xq# efgek dk egRo crk;k gSA

mudh n`f"V esa ln~xq# vkSj ijekRek esa dksbZ vUrj ugha gSA xq# Kku :ih nhid f'k"; ds ân; esa

çTRofyr dj lalkj lkxj ls ikj gksus dk ekxZ lq>krk gSA tc Hkxoku dh Ñik gksrh gS rHkh ln~xq# dh

çkfIr gksrh gSA blfy, euq"; dks lnSo bZ'oj dk fpUru djuk pkfg,A ;g lalkj lasey ds iq"i dh rjg

{k.k Hkaxqj gS] bldh ped ned esa ugha Q¡luk pkfg,A papy eu dks lalkj ds vkd"kZ.k ls [khapdj

ijekRek ds Lej.k esa yxkus ls gh dY;k.k lEHko gSA ;g thokRek ijekRek ls defyuh uky vkSj ty

dh rjg tqM+k gqvk gSA dchj ds vuqlkj tc Kku :ih vk¡/kh dk vkxeu gksrk gS rc ân;xr leLr

fodkj ek;k] eksg] r`".kk vkfn u"V gks tkrs gSa vkSj ekuo dk ân; çHkq dh çse :ih cjlkr ls fueZy]

ifo= gks tkrk gS rFkk thokRek ijeczg~e ijes'oj ls feyus ds fy, vkrqj gksus yxrh gSA dchj us

lk/kuk iFk ij pyus ds fy, ew[kksaZ dk lkFk R;kxus ij Hkh tksj fn;k gSA

- -

- -

-

-

-

-

-

-

(2)

ewy ikB &

nksgs

in

1- xq# xksfoUn rkS ,d gS] nwtk ;gq vkdkjA

vkik esV thfor ejS] rks ikoS djrkjAA

2- Kku çdklk xq# feyk] lkas ftfu chlfja tkbA

tc xksfoan fØik djh] rc xq# fefy;k vkbAA

3- ihNSa ykxk tkb Fkk] yksd osn ds lkfFkA

vkxS FkSa lrxq# feY;k] nhid nh;k gkfFkAA

4- cw<+k Fkk iS Åcjk] xq# dh ygfj peafdA

Hksjk ns[;k tjtjk]¼rc½ mrfj iM+s QjafdAA

5- dchj fpÙk peafd;k] pg¡q fnl ykxh ykbA

gfj lqefju gkFkkSa ?kM+k] csxs ysgq cq>kbAA

6- ikjczã ds rst dk] dSlk gS muekuA

dfgcs d¡w lksHkk ugha] ns[;k gh ijekuAA

7- fpark rkS gfj uk¡o dh] vkSj u fproS nklA

ts dNq fproSa jke fcu] lksb dky dh iklAA

8- uSuka varfj vko rw] uSu >k¡fi rksfg ysm¡A

uk gkS ns[kkSa vkSj dw¡] uk rq> ns[ku nsm¡AA

9- cgqr fnuu dh tksorh] ckV rqEgkjh jkeA

fto rjlS rq> feyu dw¡] eu ukgha foJkeAA

10- ewfj"k lax u dhft,] yksgk ty u frjkbA

dnyh lhi Hkqoax eq[k] ,d cw¡n frgw¡ HkkbAA

11- ;gq ,slk lalkj gS] tSlk lsaoy QwyA

fnu nl ds O;kSgkj dkSa] >wBs jax u HkwfyAA

12- ek"kh xqM+ eSa xfM+ jgh] ia"k jgh yiVkb A

rkyh ihVS flfj /kquSa] ehBS cksbZ ekbAA

¼1½ dkgs jh ufyuh rw¡ dqEgykuhA

rsjs gh ukfy ljksoj ikuhAA

ty esa mrifÙk ty esa ckl] ty esa ufyuh rksj fuoklA

(3)

uk rfy rifr u mifj vkx] rksj gsr dgq dklfu ykfxAA

dgS dchj ts mnfd leku] rs uafg eq, gekjs tkuA

¼2½ larkS HkkbZ vkbZ X;ku dh vk¡/kh js!

Hkze dh VkVh lcS mM+k.kha] ek;k jgS u ck¡/kh jsAAVsdAA

fgrfpÙk dh nksm Fk¡wuh fxjkuh] eksg cyhaMk VwVkA

f=Luka Nkafu ijh ?kj Åifj] dqcf/k dk HkkaMk QwVkAA

tksx tqxfr dj larkS cka/kh] fujpw pqoS u ika.khaA

dwM+&diV dk;k dk fudL;k] gfj dh xfr tc tka.kh AA

vk¡/kh ihNS tks ty cwBk] çse gjh tu HkhaukaA

dgS dchj Hkkau ds çxVsa] mfnr Hk;k re "khukaAA

vkdkj & 'kjhj] mikf/k@ vkik & vgadkj] [kqnh@ djrkj & bZ'oj@çdklk & ç d k f ' k r

gqvk@ ftfu & ugha@ chlfj & Hkwyuk@ ikNS & ihNs@ yksd osn & ykSfdd vkSj oSfnd

ekU;rk,¡@ FkSa & ls@ nhid & Kku :ih nhid@ iS & fdUrq@ ygfj & Ñik] Kku dh rjax@

peafd & pedh çdkf'kr gqbZ@ Hksjk & Hksyk ,d rjg dh uko@ tjtjk & th.kZ@ Qjafd & vyx

gksdj] QM+ddj@ peafd;k & ped x;k vFkkZr~ rIr gks x;k@ pgq¡ & pkjksa vkSj@ ykb & vkx@ csxs

& 'kh?kz@ikjczã & bZ'oj] ijekRek@ rst & çdk'k@ mueku & vuqeku dSlk gS@ ijeku & çek.k@

dfgos & dgus@ dw¡ & ds fy, @ fpark & fpUru@ fproS & fpUru djuk@ ikl & ik'k cU/ku@

uSuk¡ & us=@ varfj & Hkhrj@ vko & vk@ >¡ism¡ & cUn dj yw¡ @ uk¡ & ugha@ gkSa & eSa@ dw¡ & dks@

tksorh & çrh{kk djrh gw¡ @ ckV & jkg] ekxZ@ fto & th] ân;] tho@ efu & eu esa@

ewjf"k&ew[kZ@dnyh & dsyk@ Hkqoax & liZ@ ufyuh & defyuh] tho ¼vk/;kfRed vFkZ½@ ukfy &

dey uky tM+]+ lEidZ ¼vk-vFkZ½@ ljksoj & rkykc] vkfRed psruk dk çlkj ¼vk- vFkZ½ mrifr &

mRifÙk@ gsrq & çse] vklfDr@ mnfd & ty@ dklfu & dgk¡ ls] fdlls@ VkVh & VfV;k ;k inkZ@

nqfprs & fpÙk dh nks voLFkk,¡] fo"k;klfDr vkSj ckákpkj@ Fkwfu & [kEHkk] LrEHk@ cyhaMk & Nktu esa

chp dk csM+k ;k cYyh@ Nkfu & NIij@ /kj & /kjk] i`Foh@ nqjefr & dqcqf) @ HkkaMk & crZu@

Hkhuk & Hkhx x;k] jlflDr@ Hkku & lw;Z@ re & va/kdkj] vKku@ "khuka & u"VA

1- dchj ds vuqlkj ln~xq# us gkFk esa D;k fn;k \

¼d½ Kku dk nhid ¼[k½ osn 'kkL= dk nhid

¼x½ yksd ekU;rkvksa dk nhid ¼?k½ feêh dk nhid ¼ ½

2- dchj ds vuqlkj lr~xq# dSls çkIr gksrk gS \

'kCnkFkZ&

oLrqfu"B ç'u&

(4)

¼d½ Kku çdkf'kr gksus ij ¼[k½ Hkxoku dh Ñik gksus ij

¼x½ 'kkL=ksa dk v/;;u djus ij ¼?k½ rhFkZ Hkze.k djus ij ¼ ½

3- dchj nkl us fdl çdkj dh vk¡/kh vkus dh ckr dgh gS \

¼d½ /kwy Hkjh vk¡/kh ¼[k½ Kku dh vk¡/kh

¼x½ rst vk¡/kh ikuh ¼?k½ dwM+k ddZV mM+kus okyh vk¡/kh¼ ½

4- dchj HkfDr dky dh fdl HkfDr/kkjk ds çfrfuf/k HkDr dfo ekus tkrs gSa &

¼d½ jke HkfDr /kkjk ¼[k½ Ñ".k HkfDr /kkjk

¼x½ KkuJ;h fuxZq.k /kkjk ¼?k½ çsekJ;h ¼lwQh½ ¼ ½

1- dchj us fdldk fpUru djus dks dgk gS \

2- dchj us bl lalkj dks fdlds Qwy ds leku crk;k gS \

3- *larkS vkbZ Kku dh vk¡/kh js!* esa dkSulk vyadkj gS \fyf[k,A

4- dfo us=ksa ds Hkhrj fdlds vkus ij us= cUn djuk pkgrk gS \

1- dchj ds vuqlkj ew[kZ dk lkFk D;ksa ugha djuk pkfg, \

2- thokRek fdlls feyus ds fy, jkr&fnu rM+Qrk gS \

3- dchj dh n`f"V esa dkSu ls yksx dHkh ugha ejrs \

1- ifBr nksgksa ds vk/kkj ij xq# ds egÙo dk o.kZu vius 'kCnksa esa dhft,A

2- ^ty esa mrifr ty esa ckl] ty esa ufyuh rksj fuokl* dk ewyHkko fyf[k,A

3- êk"kh xqM+ esa xfM+ jgh] ia[k jgh yiVk;A rkyh ihVS flfj /kquS ehBs cksbZ ek;*AA

nksgs esa fufgr dkO;&lkSUn;Z mn~?kkfVr dhft,A

4- ^îkjczã ds rst dk dSlk gS muekuA** nksgs esa dchj us ikjczã ds rst ds lEcU/k esa

D;k dgk gS \

5- fuEufyf[kr in~;ka'kksa dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft, &

¼d½ *xq# xksfoUn ------------------ ikoS djrkj*AA

¼[k½ *cw<+k Fkk iS -------------------- iMs Qjafd*AA

¼x½ *larkS HkkbZ -------------------------- dqcf/k dk HkkaMk QwVk*AA

¼?k½ *uk ry rifr --------------------- gekjs tku*AA

ÛÛÛ

-

-

vfr y?kwÙkjkRed ç'u&

y?kwÙkjkRed ç'u&

fuca/kkRed ç'u&

(5)

2- xksLokeh rqylhnkl

dfo ifjp; &

ikB ifjp; &

fganh lkfgR; ds Js’B dfo xksLokeh rqylhnkl dk tUe foØe laor~ 1589 esa mÙkj izns”k ds

ck¡nk ftys esa fLFkr xk¡o jktkiqj esa gqvk Fkk] ,slk ekuk tkrk gSA rqylh ds firk dk uke vkRekjke nqcs

vkSj ekrk dk uke gqylh FkkA dgrs gSa fd v”kqHk ,oa vHkqDr u{k= esa iSnk gq, rqylh dks muds ekrk firk

us vfu’V dh vk”kadk ls R;kx fn;k FkkA ckn esa Lokeh ujgfjnkl us rqylh dks nh{kk vkSj jkeHkfDr ds

laLdkj fn,A rqylh dk fookg fonq’kh efgyk jRukoyh ls gqvk] ftldh e/kqj f>M+dh ls rqylh oSjkX;

dks izkIr gq, vkSj jkeHkfDr esa rhFkZ LFkkuksa dk Hkze.k djrs gq, laor~ 1680 esa dk”kh ds xaxk?kkV ij Jko.k

“kqDy lIreh dks rqylh dk fu/ku gqvkA

fon~okuksa us xksLokeh rqylhnkl n~okjk jfpr NksVs cM+s ckjg xzaFkksa dks izkekf.kd ekuk gS &

^nksgkoyh*] ̂dforkoyh*] ̂xhrkoyh*] ̂jkepfjrekul*] ̂jkekKk iz'ukoyh*] vkSj ̂fou;if=dk* ;s cM+s xzaFk

gSa rFkk ^jkeyykugNw*] îkoZrheaxy*] ^tkudheaxy*] ^cjoS jkek;.k*] ôSjkX; lanhiuh* vkSj

^JhÑ".kxhrkoyh* NksVs xzaFk gSaA bu lHkh jpukvksa esa Hkko oSfo/; xksLokeh th dh lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk gSA

leUo;okn rqylh dh HkfDr Hkkouk dk lcls cM+k xq.k gSA mudk lkjk dkO; leUo; dh fojkV~ ps"Vk

gSA mlesa dsoy yksd vkSj 'kkL= dk gh leUo; ugha gS xkgZLF; vkSj oSjkX; dk] HkfDr vkSj Kku dk]

Hkk"kk vkSj laLÑfr dk] fuxqZ.k vkSj lxq.k dk] iqjk.k vkSj dkO; dk] Hkkokosx vkSj vuklDr fparu dk

leUo; *jkepfjrekul^ ds vkfn ls var rd nks Nksjksa ij tkus okyh ijkdksfV;ksa dks feykus dk iz;Ru

gSA

*Jhjkepfjrekul^ dks Hkkjrh; thou ewY;ksa dk lekt ”kkL= dgk tkrk gS] ftlesa ikfjokfjd

izse vkSj e;kZnk ds lkFk lkFk jk’Vª lekt ds izfr ekuoh; nkf;Roksa dk o.kZu gSA

izLrqr dfork *Jhjkepfjrekul^ dk vaa”k gS] ftlesa eanksnjh }kjk le;≤ ij vius ifr

jko.k dks nh xbZ lh[k dk o.kZu gSA eanksnjh us jko.k dks dbZ ckj le>k;k fd jke lk{kkr~ ijeczg~e gS

rFkk e;kZnk dh iqu%izfr’Bk ds fy, /kjrh ij vorfjr gq, gSaA lhrk vigj.k }kjk Jhjke dk vdkj.k

fojks/k djus ls fuf”kpj oa”k dk uk”k gksxk] vr% lhrk dks iqu% Jhjke dks ykSVk nsuk pkfg,A e;ru;k

eanksnjh jktefg’kh gksdj Hkh uhfr fo’kkjn] cgqJqrk] nwjn”khZ] foosd”khy] osn&fon~;k fonq’kh vkSj

Økafrdkjh ifrozrk gS tks vius ifr ds dnkpj.k] fgalk vkSj ;q)ksUekn dk le; le; ij fojks/k djrh

gSA

:iorh lkezkKh vkSj vizfre lkSan;Z dh izrhd eanksnjh HkfDr dh iz[kj psruk gS( tks eksgek;k

ds e/; Hkh ije lÙkk ds oSf”k’V~; dk fujarj fu:i.k djrh jgrh gSA rqylh dh n`f’V esa fL=;k¡ lekt esa

fujhg] vcyk vkSj innfyr ugha gSa] vfirq og jko.k vkSj ckfy tSls HkVds gq, iq#’kksa ds fy, izdk”k LraHk

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(6)

gSaA

Ekanksnjh tSlh ifrozrk] lR;fu’B vkSj lq”khy ukfj;k¡ gj ns”k] dky] ifjfLFkfr vkSj lekt esa

fon~;eku jgh gSa] fdarq iq#’k vius vgadkj vkSj ikS#’kRo ds naHk esa ,d L=h vkSj viuh iRuh ds izcks/ku dks

gh frjL—r dj nsrk gS vkSj var esa jko.k tSlk fojkV iq#’k Hkh fouk”k dks izkIr gksrk gSA

laqnjdk.M

dar dj'k gfj lu ifjgjgwA eksj dgk vfr fgr fg;¡ /kjgwAA

leq>r tklq nwr db djuhA lzofga xHkZ jtuhpj ?kjuhAA

rklq ukfj fut lfpo cksykbZA iBogq dar tks pggq HkykbZAA

ro dqy dey fcfiu nq[knkbZA lhrk lhr fulk le vkbZAA

lqugq ukFk lhrk fcuq nhUgsaA fgr u rqEgkj laHkq vt dhUgsaAA

nksgk& jke cku vfg xu lfjl fudj fulkpj HksdA

tc yfx xzlr u rc yfx truq djgq rft VsdAA

yadk dk.M

eanksnjha lqU;ks izHkq vk;ksA dkSrqdgha ikFkksf/k c¡/kk;ksAA

dj xfg ifrfg Hkou fut vkuhA cksyh ije euksgj ckuhAA

pju ukb fl# vapyq jksikA lqugq cpu fi; ifjgfj dksikAA

ukFk c;# dhts rkgh lksaA cqf/k cy lfdv thfr tkgh lksaAA

rqEgfga j?kqifr varj dSlkA [kyq [k|ksr fnudjfg tSlkAA

vfrcy e/kq dSVHk tsfga ekjsA egkchj fnfrlqr la?kkjsAA

tsfga cfy ck¡f/k lglHkqt ekjkA lksb vorjsm gju efg HkkjkAA

rklq fcjks/k u dhftv ukFkkA dky dje fto tkdsa gkFkkAA

nksgk & jkefg lkSfi tkudh ukb dey in ekFkA

lqr dgq¡ jkt lefiZ cu] tkb Hkftv j?kqukFkAA

ukFk nhun;ky j?kqjkbZA ck?km lueq[k x,¡ u [kkbZAA

pkfgv dju lks lc dfj chrsA rqEg lqj vlqj pjkpj thrsAA

lar dgfg vfl uhfr nlkuuA pkSFksaiu tkbfg uì dkuuAA

rklq Hktu dhftv rg¡ HkrkZA tks drkZ ikyd lagrkZAA

lksb j?kqchj izur vuqjkxhA Hktgq ukFk eerk lc R;kxhAA

eqfucj truq djfga tsfg ykxhA Hkwi jktq rft gksfga fcjkxhAA

Ekanksnjh dh jko.k dks lh[k

(7)

lksb dkslyk/khl j?kqjk;kA vk;m dju rksfg ij nk;kAA

tkSa fi; ekugq eksj fl[kkouA lqtlq gksb frgq¡ iqj vfr ikouAA

nksgk & vl dfg u;u uhj Hkfj xfg in dafir xkrA

ukFk Hktgq j?kqukFkfg vpy gksb vfgokrAA

ÛÛÛ

lty u;u dg tqx dj tksjhA lqugq izkuifr fcurh eksjhAA

daru jke fcjks/k ifjgjgwA tkfu euqt tfu gB eu /kjgwAA

nksgk & fcLo:i j?kqcal efu djgq cpu fcLoklqA

yksd dYiuk csn dj vax vax izfr tklqAA

in ikrky lhl vt /kkekA vij yksd v¡x v¡x fcJkekAA

Hk`dqfV fcykl Hk;adj dkykA u;u fnokdj dp ?ku ekykAA

Tkklq ?kzku vfLouhdqekjkA fufl v# fnol fues'k vikjkAA

Jou fnlk nl csn c[kkuhA ek#r Lokl fuxe fut ckuhAA

v/kj yksHk te nlu djkykA ek;k gkl ckgq fnxikykAA

vkuu vuy vacqifr thgkA mrifr ikyu izy; lehgkAA

jkse jkft v’Vknl HkkjkA vfLFk lSy lfjrk ul tkjkAA

mnj mnf/k v/kxks tkrukA txe; izHkq dk cgq dyiukAA

nksgk & vgadkj flo cqf) vt eu lfl fpÙk egkuA

euqt ckl lpjkpj :i jke HkxokuAA

vl fcpkfj lquq izkuifr izHkq lu c;# fcgkbA

izhfr djgq j?kqchj in ee vfgokr u tkbAA

ÛÛÛ

lk¡> tkfu nlda/kj Hkou x;m fcy[kkbA

eanksnjha jkoufg cgqfj dgk leq>kbAA

dar leqf> eu rtgq dqefr ghA lksg u lej rqEgfga j?kqifr ghAA

jkekuqt y?kq js[k [kpkbZA lksm ufga uk?ksgq vfl euqlkbZAA

fiz; rqEg rkfg ftrc laxzkekA tkds nwr dsj ;g dkekAA

dkSrqd fla/kq ukf?k ro yadkA vk;m dfi dsgjh vladkAA

j[kokjs gfr fcfiu mtkjkA ns[kr rksfg vPN rsfga ekjkAA

tkfj ldy iqj dhUgsfl NkjkA dgk¡ jgk cy xcZ rqEgkjkAA

vc ifr e`'kk xky tfu ekjgqA eksj dgk dNq ân;¡ fcpkjgqAA

(8)

ifr j/kqifrfg uìfr tfu ekugqA vx tx ukFk vrqy cy tkugqAA

cku izrki tku ekjhpkA rklq dgk ufga ekusfg uhpkAA

tud lHkk¡ vxfur HkwikykA jgs rqEgm cy vrqy fclkykAA

Hkaft /kuq'k tkudh fcvkghA rc laxzke ftrsgq fdu rkghAA

Lkqjifr lqr tkub cy FkksjkA jk[kk ftvr vk¡f[k xfg QksjkAA

Lkwiu[kk dS xfr rqEg ns[khA rnfi ân;¡ ufga ykt fcls"khAA

nksgk & cf/k fcjk/k [kj nw"kufga yhyk¡ gR;ks dca/kA

ckfy ,d lj ekj;ks rsfg tkugq nlda/kAA

tsfga tyukFk c¡/kk;m gsykA mrjs izHkq ny lfgr lqcsykA

dk#uhd fnudj dqy dsrwA nwr iBk;m ro fgr gsrwAA

lHkk ek> tsfga ro cy eFkkA dfj c:Fk egq¡ e`xifr tFkkAA

vaxn guqer vuqpj tkdsA ju ck¡dqjs chj vfr ck¡dsAA

rsfg dg¡ fi; iqfu iqfu uj dggwA eq/kk eku eerk en cggwAA

vgg dar Ñr jke fcjks/kkA dky fccl eu mit u cks/kkAA

dky naM xfg dkgq u ekjkA gjb /keZ cy cqf) fcpkjkAA

fudV dky tsfg vkor lkb±A rsfg Hkze gksb rqEgkfjfg ukb±AA

nksgk & nqb lqr ejs ngsm iqj vtgq¡ iwj fi; nsgqA

Ñikfla/kq j?kqukFk Hkft ukFk fcey tlq ysgqAA

ÛÛÛ

ro cy ukFk Mksy fur /kjuhA rst ghu ikod lfl rjuhAA

ls'k deB lfg ldfga u HkkjkA lks ruq Hkwfe ijsm Hkfj NkjkAA

c#u dqcsj lqjsl lehjkA ju lUeq[k /kfj dkgq¡ u /khjkAA

Hkqtcy ftrsgq dky te lkb±A vktq ijsgq vukFk dh ukb±AA

txr fcfnr rqEgkfj izHkqrkbZA lqr ifjtu cy cjfu u tkbZAA

jke fceq[k ml gky rqEgkjkA jgk u dksm dqy jksofugkjkAA

ro cl fcf/k iziap lc ukFkkA lHk; fnfli fur ukofga ekFkkAA

vc ro flj Hkqt tacqd [kkghaA jke fceq[k ;g vuqfpr ukghaAA

dky fccl ifr dgk u ekukA vc tx ukFkq euqt dfj tkukAA

nksgk & tkU;ks euqt dfj nuqt dkuu ngu ikod gfj Lo;aA

tsfg uer flo czãkfn lqj fi; Hktsgq ufga d#uke;aAA

vktUe rs ijæksg jr ikikS?ke; ro ruq v;aA

(9)

rqEggw fn;ks fut /kke jke uekfe czã fujke;aAA

nksgk & vgg ukFk j?kqukFk le Ñikfla/kq ufga vkuA

tksfx càn nqyZHk xfr rksfg nhfUg HkxokuAA

dj & gkFk@ tksfj & tksM+dj@ dar & fiz;re] Lokeh@ ifjgjgw & NksM+uk@ /kjgw & /kkj.k djuk@ lzofga & fxj tkuk@ fcfiu & ou@ vt & czg~ek@ ikFkksf/k & leqæ@ c;# & cSj&nq”euh@ [k|ksr & tqxuaw@ dkuu & ou@ vfgokr & lqgkx@ tks/kk & ;ks)k@ dp & ds”k] cky@ ?kzku & ukfldk@ fues'k & iyd@ jkekuqt & y{e.k@ tfu & er@ jksofugkjk & jksus okykA

1- *Jhjkepfjrekul^ ds jpf;rk dkSu gSa \

¼d½ dchjnkl ¼[k½ rqylhnkl

¼x½ jSnkl ¼?k½ lwjnkl ¼ ½

2- eUnksnjh fdldh iRuh Fkh \

¼d½ jko.k ¼[k½ dqEHkd.kZ

¼x½ es?kukn ¼?k½ jke ¼ ½

1- jko.k dks yads”k D;ksa dgrs gSa \

2- eanksnjh us jko.k dks fdlls cSj u ysus dh lykg nh \

3- jko.k fdldk vigj.k djds yk;k Fkk \

4- dfo us Jhjke vkSj jko.k esa fdl izdkj dk varj crk;k gS \

1- jko.k us lhrkgj.k D;ksa fd;k \

2- eanksnjh jke dks D;k le>rh Fkh \

3- eanksnjh us jko.k ls D;k dgk \

4- fuEufyf[kr iafDr dk HkkokFkZ fyf[k, &

**fudV dky tsfg vkor lkb±A rsfg Hkze gksb rqEgkfjfg ukb±AA^^

1- eanksnjh n~okjk jko.k dks nh xbZ f”k{kk dk foLrkj ls o.kZu dhft,A

2- jko.k vkSj eanksnjh ds pfj= dk rqyukRed foospu dhft,A

3- fuEufyf[kr in~;ka”kksa dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft, &

¼d½ **dar leqf> eu rtgq ----------dgk¡ jgk cy xcZ rqEgkjkAA^^

¼[k½ rqEgfg j?kqifr varj dSlkA----------dky dje fto tkdsa gkFkkAA

ÛÛÛ

'kCnkFkZ &

oLrqfu"B iz'u &

vfr y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u &

y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u &

fuca/kkRed iz'u &

(10)

3- jghe

dfo ifjp; &

ikB ifjp; &

fgUnh lkfgR; dh le`f) esa eqfLye dfo;ksa dk fo'ks"k ;ksxnku jgk gSA bu dfo;ksa esa jghe uke

ls fo[;kr *vCnqy jghe [kku[kkuk^ dk çeq[k LFkku gSA budk tUe lu~ 1556 bZå esa lezkV~ vdcj ds

laj{kd ,oa ije fo'oklik= cSje [kk¡ ds ?kj ykgkSj esa gqvkA ekrk dk uke lqYrkuk csxe FkkA jghe dks

ohjrk] jktuhfr] jkT; lapkyu] nku vkfn xq.k vius ekrk firk ls fojklr esa çkIr gq, FksA lu~ 1562

bZå esa cSje [kku dh e`R;q ds i'pkr~ jghe dh f'k{kk nh{kk dk çca/k vdcj us Lo;a fd;kA jghe rqdhZ]

vjch] Qkjlh] mnwZ] fganh] laLÑr vkfn vusd Hkk"kkvkas ds tkudkj FksA vdcj budh cqf)eŸkk] ohjrk

vkfn ls bruk çHkkfor gqvk fd mlus 'kgtknksa dks nh tkus okyh mikf/k fetkZ [kku ls lEekfur fd;kA

jghe dk nsgkolku lu~ 1626 bZå esa gqvkA

jghe cgqeq[kh çfrHkk ds /kuh FksA muds O;fDrRo esa fofo/k xq.kksa dk foy{k.k ;ksx FkkA os

eqlyeku gksdj Hkh Ñ".k HkDr FksA os ,d gh lkFk lsukifr] iz”kkld] vkJ;nkrk] nkuohj] cgqHkk’kkfon~]

dyk ikj[kh vkSj jktuhfrK rFkk izR;qRiUuefr FksA muds *nksgs^ cztHkk"kk esa] *cjoS^ vo/kh esa rFkk

*enuk"Vd^ [kM+h cksyh esa gSaA jghe dh jpuk,¡ thou jl ls ifjiw.kZ gSaA ekufld vkSnk;Z] lkaLÑfrd

fo'kkyrk vkSj /kkfeZd lfg".kqrk] ekuoh;rk budh jpukvksa ds dsUnz esa gSA bUgksaus czt] vo/kh] [kM+h cksyh

dh lgt ljy ,oa cks/kxE; Hkk"kk dk ç;ksx fd;k gSA buds dkO; esa uhfr] HkfDr] çse vkSj Ükàxkj dk

lqUnj lekos'k gSA 'kSyh ljy] lqcks/k vkSj lgt xzkg~; gSA jghe dh jpukvksas esa *jghe nksgkoyh* ;k

^lrlbZ* *cjoS ukf;dk Hksn*] ênuk"Vd*] ^jkliapk/;k;h*] ÜkàxkjlksjBk*] *[ksVdkSrqd*] ûxj 'kksHkk*]

laLÑr dkO;] QqVdj dkO; fo”ks’k mYys[kuh; gSaA

çLrqr ladfyr nksgksa esa jghe us vius thoukuqHkoksa dks lgt:i esa vfHkO;fDr nh gSA os ekurs gSa

euq"; dks viuk LokfHkeku cjkcj cuk, j[kuk pkfg,A laxfr thou dks i;kZIr çHkkfor djrh gSA euq";

tSlS vkpj.k okys yksxksa ds lkFk jgrk gS] oSlk gh cu tkrk gS( ijarq tks mÙke izd`fr ds gksrs gaS] mu ij

cqjs yksxksa dk izHkko oSls gh ugha iM+rk gS( tSls panu ds o`{k ij lk¡i fyiVs jgus ij Hkh panu viuh lqxaf/k

ugha NksM+rk gSA jghe us ;g Hkh crk;k fd foijhr LoHkko ds yksx ,d lkFk ijLij ln~Hkko ls ugha jg

ldrsA jghe bl ckr ij tksj nsrs gSa fd euq"; dks çse Hkko cuk, j[kuk pkfg, rFkk isM+ ikS/kkas dh rjg

nku'khy ço`fÙk j[kuh pkfg,A euq"; dks nq"V çÑfr ds yksxksa ls fe=rk vkSj 'k=qrk nksuksa çdkj ds laca/k

ugha j[kus pkfg,A oLrqr% jghe ds nksgs thou dh ikB'kkyk gaS( ftuesa /keZ] uhfr] O;ogkj] jktuhfr vkfn

thouksi;ksxh fo"k; vfHkO;Dr gq, gSaA

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(11)

ewy ikB &

nksgsvP;qr pju rjafxuh] flo flj ekyfr ekyA

gfj u cukvks lqjlqjh! dhtkS bUno HkkyAA1AA

veh fi;kor eku fcuq] jfgeu eksfg u lqgk;A

eku lfgr efjcks Hkyks] tks fcl ns; cqyk;AA2AA

dnyh lhi Hkqtax eq[k] Lokfr ,d xqu rhuA

tSlh laxfr cSfB,] rSlksbZ Qy nhuAA3AA

dfg jghe lEifr lxs] cur cgqr cgq jhfrA

foifr dlkSVh ts dls] rs gh lk¡ps ehrAA4

dkt ijS dNq vkSj gS] dkt ljS dNq vkSjA

jfgeu Hkaojh ds Hk,] unh fljkor ekSjAA5

[kSj [kwu [kk¡lh [kqlh] cSj izhfr en&ikuA

jfgeu nkcs uk ncSa] tkur ldy tgkuAA6

tks jghe mÙke çÑfr] dk dfj ldr dqlaxA

pUnu fo"k O;kir ugha] yiVs jgr HkqtaxAA7

tks jghe xfr nhi dh] dqy diwr xfr lks;A

Ckkjs mft;kjks djs] c<S+ v¡/ksjks gks;AA8AA

jfgeu vksNs uju lksa] cSj Hkyks uk çhrA

dkVs pkVs Loku ds] nksÅ Hkk¡fr fcijhrAA9

- jfgeu /kkxk çse dk] er rksM+ks pVdk;A

VwVs ls fQj uk tqM+s] tqM+s xk¡fB ifj tk;AA10

jfgeu ikuh jkf[k,] fcuq ikuh lc lwuA

Ikkuh x, u ÅcjS] eksrh ekuq"k pwuAA11

çhre Nfo uaSuu clh] ij Nfc dgk¡ lek;A

Hkjh ljk; jghe yf[k] ifFkd vki fQj tk;AA12

;ksa jghe tl gksr gS] midkjh ds laxA

ck¡Vu okjs ds yxS] T;ksa esagnh dks jaxAA13

fcxjh ckr cuS ugha] yk[k djS fdu dks;A

jfgeu QkVs nw/k dks] eFks u ek[ku gks;AA14

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(12)

eFkr eFkr ek[ku jgS] ngh egh fcyxk;A

jfgeu lksbZ ehr gS] Hkhj ijs Bgjk;AA15AA

ÛÛÛ

vP;qr&Hkxoku fo".kq@ pju&rjafxuh & pj.kksa ls fudyus okyh unh@

flo&flj&ekyfr&eky & f'koth ds flj ij ekyrh dh ekyk ds leku lq'kksfHkr gksus okyh@ lqjljh

& xaxk@ bUno&Hkky & pUnzek gS eLrd ij ftlds] vFkkZr~ f'koth@ veh & ve`r@ u lqgk; &

vPNk ugha yxrk gS@ fcl & fo"k@ dnyh & dsyk@ Hkqtax & lk¡i@ Lokfr & Lokfr u{k= esa cknyksa

ls fxjus okyh cw¡n@ lxs & futh lEcU/kh@ foifÙk dlkSVh & foifÙk :ih dlkSVh ij@ dls & [kjk

mrjuk@ dkt ijS & dke iM+ tkus ij@ dkt ljS & dke fudy tkus ij@ Hkaojh & fookg ds Qsjs@

fljkor & cgk fn;k tkrk gS@ ekSj & ekSM+@ [kSj & dq'kyrk@ en&iku & 'kjkc dks ihuk@ nkcs

& fNikus ls@ ldy & lEiw.kZ@ tgku & lalkj@ çÑfr & LoHkko@ dqlax & cqjh laxfrA Hkqtax

& lk¡i@ xfr & n'kk@ nhi & nhid@ ckjs & tykus ij] @ mft;kjks djs & çdk'k djrk

gS]lqugjh vk'kkvksa dks tUe nsrk gS@ c<+S & cq>us ij] cM+k gksus ij@ va/ksjks & vU/kdkj] xgu

fujk'kk@vksNs & nq"V@ Loku & dqÙkk@ foijhr & d"Vdkjd@ pVdk; & pVdkdj@ xk¡fB

& euksekfyU;@ ikuh & ped] çfr"Bk] ty@ lwu & 'kwU;] O;FkZ@ u ÅcjS & fdlh dke ds u

jguk@ pwu & vkVk@ij&midkjh & ijksidkj djus okys@ ck¡Vu okjs & ihlus okys@ egh & eBk@

fcyxk; & vyx gks tkrk gS@ ehr & fe=@ Hkhj ijs & ladV iM+us ij@ Bgjk; & Bgjrk

gS] lgk;d gksrk gSA

1- vdcj us çHkkfor gksdj jghe dks dkSu&lh mikf/k nh Fkh \

¼d½ lwcsnkj ¼[k½ ehj

¼x½ [kku [kkuk ¼?k½fetkZ [kku ¼ ½

2- jghe us fdl /kkxs dks pVdkdj u rksM+us dh ckr dgh gS \

¼d½ çse dk /kkxk ¼[k½ lwr dk /kkxk

¼x½ js”ke dk /kkxk ¼?k½ fj”rksa dk /kkxk ¼ ½

3- jghe us fdldh HkfDr esa inksa dh jpuk dh \

¼d½ Hkxoku f'ko ¼[k½ JhÑ’.k

¼x½ ekrk nqxkZ ¼?k½ Jhjke ¼ ½

1- foifÙk&dlkSVh eas dkSu lk vyadkj ç;qDr gqvk gS \

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'kCnkFkZ &

oLrqfu"B ç'u &

vfr y?kwŸkjkRed ç'u &

(13)

2- *vP;qr pjUk rjafxuh* eas vP;qr fdls dgk gS \

3- jghe us fdu yksxksa dks /kU; dgk gS \

4- *jfgeu Hkaojh ds Hk,* eas Hkaojh dk D;k vFkZ gS \

1- *dkt ijS dqN vkSj gS] dkt ljS dNq vkSj* dk vk'k; fyf[k,A

2- jghe lPpk fe= fdls ekurs gSa \

3- jghe us nhid rFkk diwr dh lerk dk o.kZu D;ksa fd;k gS \

4- *jfgeu ikuh jkf[k,*eas ikuh eas dkSu lk vyadkj ç;qDr gqvk gS \

1- jghe ds dkO; dh Hkk’kkxr fo”ks’krkvksa ij çdk”k Mkfy, A

2- *dnyh] lhi] Hkqtax] eq[k] Lokfr ,d xqu rhu* dks foLrkjiwoZd le>kb,A

3- jghe ds O;fDrRo vkSj ÑfrRo ij la{ksi eas fopkj çLrqr dhft,A

4- jghe nq’V yksxksa ls fe=rk vkSj “k=qrk D;ksa ugha j[kuk pkgrs gSa \Li’V dhft,A

5- ikB esa vk, fuEufyf[kr i|ka'kksa dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft, &

¼d½ *veh fi;kor-----------------------------------------------fo"k ns cqyk;*A

¼[k½ *[kSj [kwu&[kk¡lh-------------------------------------------ldy tgku*A

¼x½ *çhre Nfo---------------------------------------------------fQj tk;*A

¼?k½ *tks jghe mÙke çÑfr---------------------------------------------------------jgr Hkqtax*A

ÛÛÛ

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y?kwŸkjkRed ç'u &

fucU/kkRed ç'u &

(14)

4- ?kukuan

dfo ifjp; &

ikB ifjp; &

?kukuan jhfrdky dh jhfreqDr LoPNan dkO;/kkjk ds izeq[k dfo gSaA budk thou vkSj dkO;

nksuksa vfHkUu gSaA budk tUe lu~ 1746 esa gqvkA budk laca/k jktnjckj ls FkkA ;s eqgEen'kkg *jaxhys^ ds

njckj esa izfrf"Br ehj eqa'kh in ij FksA ;s dfo rks Fks gh ] lkFk gh lkFk xk;u fon~;k esa Hkh fuiq.k FksA ;s

*jaxhys^ ds Ñik ik= FksA njckj esa lqtku uke dh ,d os';k Hkh Fkh] ftlls ?kukuan izse djrs FksA lHkh

njckjh ?kukuan ls bZ";kZ djrs FksA ,d fnu ckn'kkg us ?kukuan ls xkus ds fy, dgkA ?kukuan us

vleFkZrk izdV dh] rc njckfj;ksa us dgk fd lqtkuckbZ dks cqyk;k tk, rc ?kukuan xk,¡xsA ?kukuan us

xk;u izLrqr fd;k( fdarq lqtkuckbZ dh vksj mUeq[k gksdjA xk;u ls ckn'kkg ea=eqX/k gks x, fdarq

viuk vieku le>dj mUgksaus ?kukuan dks ns'k fudkyk ns fn;kA ?kukuan us lqtku ls lkFk pyus ds

fy, dgk fdarq lqtku us euk dj fn;kA bl ?kVuk ls O;fFkr gksdj ?kukuan oànkou pys x, vkSj

fuEckdZ laiznk; esa nhf{kr gks x,A dgk tkrk gS fd var esa ukfnj'kkg ds vkØe.k ds le; ;s eFkqjk esa

ekjs x, Fks] ijarq ckn ds 'kks/kksa ls ;g fln~/k gqvk fd vgen'kkg ds f}rh; vkØe.k ds le; ;s eFkqjk esa

ekjs x, FksA

jk;Ñ".knkl us viuh xazFkkoyh esa fy[kk gS fd **?kukuan dk egkjkt ukxjhnkl ls fudVre

laca/k FkkA fdaonarh gS fd ?kukuan t;iqj ls eFkqjk vk x, vkSj ogha mUgksaus dRysvke ns[kk vkSj dRysvke

djus okyksa ls dgk fd eq>s ryokj ds ?kko cgqr FkksM+s FkksM+s cgqr nsj rd nksA budks T;ksa T;ksa ryokj ds

?kko yxk, x, R;ksa R;ksa og cztjt esa ykSVrs jgsA ,sls nsg R;kx fd;kA^^

?kukuan dh jpukvksa esa *lqtkulkxj^] *fojg yhyk^] *dksd lkj^] *jldsfy oYyh^] *Ñikdan

fuca/k^] *?kuvkuUn dfoÙk^] *lqtku fgr^] *lqtku fgr izca/k^] *fo;ksx csfy^] *b'dyrk^] *tequk tl^]

*vkuUn?ku tw dh inkoyh^] *izhfr ikol^ ,oa *lqtku fouksn^ izfl) gSaA

?kukuan izse dh ihj ds dfo FksA buds dkO; esa fo;ksx Ükàxkj dh gh iz/kkurk gSA vkpk;Z jkepaæ

'kqDy us fy[kk gS fd **izse ekxZ dk ,slk izoh.k vkSj /khj ifFkd rFkk tok¡nkuh dk ,slk nkok j[kus okyk

czt Hkk"kk dk nwljk dfo ugha gqvkA^^ Hkk"kk ij ?kukuan dk iwjk vf/kdkj FkkA cztHkk"kk dh yk{kf.kdrk

vkSj O;atdrk dh 'kfDr dks ?kukuan esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA cztHkk"kk dk 'kqn~/k ekud vkSj O;atd :i

tSlk budh dfork esa feyrk gS] oSlk vU;= dgha ugha gSA

izLrqr ikB esa ?kukuan ds ik¡p Nan ladfyr gSaA bu inksa esa budh ihM+k dh vfHkO;fDr gqbZ gSA

fojg dh fLFkfr vR;ar ihM+kdkjd gksrh gS vkSj tc fiz; ds n'kZu fdlh dkj.k ls nqyZHk gks tkrs gSa] rks

fLFkfr vkSj Hkh dk#f.kd gks mBrh gSA izs;lh lgkuqHkwfr Hkh ugha fn[kkrh vkSj izseh rM+irk jgrk gSA izseh

izs;lh dks mikyaHk nsdj lpsr Hkh djrk gS fd tks nwljksa dks d"V nsrk gS og Lo;a Hkh d"V ikrk gSA

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(15)

izs;lh izseh dks n'kZu ugha nsrh] fdarq izseh bl vk'kk ls fd dHkh rks mldk fny ilhtsxk] mldh fu"Bqjrk

dks Hkh Lohdkj djrk gSA izse dk ekxZ ljy ugha gSA og leiZ.k pkgrk gSA eu ys ysuk vkSj nsuk NVk¡d

Hkj Hkh ugha] ;g rks fujk LokFkZ gSA

Hkksj rSa lk¡> ykSa dkuu vksj fugkjfr ckojh uSdq u gkjfrA

lk¡> rS Hkksj ykSa rkjfu rkfdcks rkjfu lksa bdrkj u VkjfrAA

tkS dgw¡ Hkkorks nhfB ijS ?kuvkuUn vk¡lqfu vkSlj xkjfrA

eksgu lksagu tksgu dh yfx;S jgS vk¡f[ku ds mj vkjfrAA1AA

xjy xqeku dh xjkofu nlk dks iku]

dfj dfj] |kSl jSfu izku ?kV ?kksfVcksA

gsr [ksr /kwfj pwfj pwfj lk¡l ik¡o jkf[k]

fo"k leqnsx cku vkxsa mj vksfVcksA

tku I;kjs tkS u eu vkuSa rkS vkuan?ku]

Hkwfy rw u lqfefj ijs[kS p[k pksfVcksA

frUgSa ;s fljkfr Nkrh rksfg oS yxfr rkrh]

rsjs ck¡Vsa vk;kS gS v¡xkjfu iS yksfVcksAA2AA

Hk, vfr fuBqj] feVk; ifgpkfu Mkjh]

;kgh nq[k geSa td ykxh gk; gk; gSA

rqe rkS fuiV fujnbZ] xbZ Hkwfy lqf/k]

geSa lwy&lsyfu lks D;kSa gw¡ u Hkqyk; gSA

ehBs ehBs cksy cksfy] Bxh ifgysa rkS rc]

vc ft; tkjr] dgkS /kkSa dkSu U;k; gSA

lquh gS dS ukgha] ;g izxV dgkofr tw]

dkgw dyik; gS] lq dSls dy ik; gSAA3AA

ehr lqtku vuhr djkS ftu] gk gk u gwft;S eksfg veksghA

nhfB dkSa vkSj dgw¡ ufga] BkSj] fQjh n`x jkojS :i dh nksghAA

izse&ihj&o.kZu-

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(16)

,d folkl dh Vsd xgsa yfx] vkl jgs cfl izku cVksghA

gkS ?kuvkuan thou ewy nbZ! fdr I;klfu ekjr eksghAA4AA

vfr lw/kks lusg dks ekjx gS] tgk¡ usdq l;kui ck¡d ughaA

rgk¡ lk¡ps pySa rft vkiuikS] f>>dSa diVh ts fulk¡d ughaAA

?kuvkuan I;kjs lqtku lqukS] ;gk¡ ,d rs nwljks vk¡d ughaA

rqe dkSu /kkSa ikVh i<+s gks dgkS] eu ysgq iS nsgq NVk¡d ughaAA5AA

u gkjfr&gkj ugha ekurh@ rkjfu lksa&iqrfy;ksa ls@bdrkj&,dVd@u

Vkjfr&ugha Vkyrh@ Hkkorks&eu Hkkou] fiz;re@ nhfB ijS&n`f"V esa vk tk,] fn[kkbZ iM+s@

xkjfr&xyk nsrh gS@ lksagu&lkeus@ tksgu&ns[kuk@ vkjfr&d#.kk] bPNk] ykylk@ td&jV@

lwy&lsyfu&dk ¡Vk s a dh ihM + k@dgk S /kk S a&dgk s rk s@dyik; gS&d"V i znku

djsxk@dy&pSu@ftu&er@ eksfg&eksfgr djds@ veksgh&fuekZsgh@jkojs&rqEgkjs@ nksgh&nqgkbZ@

folkl&fo'okl@ thou&ewfj&ty ds Hk.Mkj] izk.k ds rÙo@xqeku&vfHkeku@ xjkou&xyk nsus

okyh@ gsr&[ksr&/kwfj & izse :ih j.k@fo"k&leqnsx&cku & O;kdqyrk dk fo"kSyk ck.k@

vksfVcks&vM+kuk] lkeus djuk@ ijs[kS&iNrkos dks@ ck¡Vsa vk;kS&fgLls esa vk;k gS@ rgk¡&ml

izse&ekxZ esa@vkiuikS&vgadkj@ ikVh&i<+s gks & lh[k ik, gksA

1- *fdr I;klfu ekjr eksgh^ iafDr dk Hkko gS &

¼d½ D;ksa I;klk ekjrs gks ¼[k½ D;ksa eq>ls nwj jgrs gks

¼x½ D;ksa fuekZsgh cus gks ¼?k½ n'kZuksa ls oafpr D;ksa fd, gks ¼ ½

2- izse ekxZ fduds fy, dfBu gS &

¼d½ difV;ksa ds fy, ¼[k½ ljy O;fDr;ksa ds fy,

¼x½ HkDrksa ds fy, ¼?k½ laU;kfl;ksa ds fy, ¼ ½

1- ?kukuan fdl ckn'kkg ds ehjeaq'kh Fks \

2- izse ekxZ ij dkSu lqxerk ls py ldrk gS \

3- ?kukuan dh dksbZ nks jpukvksa ds uke fyf[k,A

4- izse dh ihj ds fl)gLr dfo dkSu Fks \

5- *Hkksj rSa lk¡> dkuu vksj fugkjfrA^

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'kCnkFkZ &

oLrqfu"B iz'u&

vfr y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u&

(17)

fojgh ds ou dh vksj fugkjus dk D;k dkj.k gS \

1- eu Hkkou fiz;re ds lEeq[k gksus ij Hkh fojgh dks mldk n'kZu ykHk ugha feyrk] dkj.k

crkb,A

2- *eu ysgq iS nsgq NVk¡d ugha^ mDr iafDr ds vk/kkj ij fojgh dh ihM+k Li"V dhft,A

3- *ehr lqtku vuhr djkS ftu^ Nan esa dfo us lqtku dks mikyEHk D;ksa fn;k gS \

4- *fojg dh fLFkfr vR;ar d#.kktud gksrh gS^ izFke Nan ds vk/kkj ij izekf.kr dhft,A

5- *dkgw dyik; gS] lq dSls dy ik; gS^ iafDr dk HkkokFkZ fyf[k,A

1- ?kukuan ds dkO; esa fojg dh iz/kkurk gS] Li"V dhft,A

2- ifBr Nanksa ds vk/kkj ij ?kukuan dh dkO; dyk dk o.kZu dhft,A

3- ?kukuan ds O;fDrRo ,oa ÑfrRo ij ,d fVIi.kh fyf[k,A

4- ikB esa vk, fuEufyf[kr in~;ka'kksa dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft, &

¼d½ Hk, vfr fuBqj] -------------------------lq dSls dy ik; gSAA

¼[k½ vfr lw/kks lusg dks ekjx gS]-------------------eu ysgq iS nsgq NVk¡d ughaAA

ÛÛÛ

y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u &

fuca/kkRed iz'u &

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(18)

5- lsukifr

dfo ifjp; &

ikB ifjp; &

_rq o.kZu

jhfrdkO;&ijaijk esa lsukifr dk fo'ks"k LFkku gSA buds firkeg dk uke ij'kqjke nhf{kr rFkk

firk dk uke xaxk/kj nhf{kr FkkA buds tUe LFkku dks ysdj fon~okuksa dh ,d jk; ugha gSA buds firk

xaxk ds fdukjs vuwi cLrh esa jgrs FksA tuJqfr ds vuqlkj lsukifr vuwi'kgj ¼ftyk cqyUn'kgj½ ds

fuoklh FksA lsukifr laLÑr ds izdkaM iafMr FksA lsukifr dh nks jpuk,¡ ekuh tkrh gSa & *dfoÙk

jRukdj^ vkSj *dkO;dYiæqeÂ fon~okuksa dk ekuuk gS fd ;s nksuksa ,d gh xzaFk gSaA *dfoÙk jRukdj^ esa ik¡p

rjaxsa rFkk 394 Nan gSaA 'ys"k budk lokZf/kd fiz; vyadkj gSA

lsukifr vius _rqo.kZu ds fy, fo'ks"k izfl) gSaA buds inksa esa izÑfr dk lw{e fujh{k.k feyrk

gSA bUgksaus 'kjn~] xzh"e vkSj o"kkZ _rq ds eueksgd fp= izLrqr fd, gSaA xzh"e vkSj o"kkZ _rq dk rks bUgksaus

vn~Hkqr o.kZu fd;k gSA ;s jkeHkDr dfo gSaA

lsukifr cztHkk"kk ds fln~/kgLr dfo gSaA izokg;qDr] Hkkokuqdwy Hkk"kk iz;ksx buds dkO; dh

mYys[kuh; fo'ks"krk gSA budh Hkk"kk esa vkst] izlkn ,oa ek/kq;Z xq.kksa dk vn~Hkqr la;ksx gSA buds dkO; esa

lgtrk gS rFkk laLÑrfu"B 'kCnkoyh gksrs gq, Hkh dgha Hkh fDy"Vrk ugha vkrhA

bl ikB esa Øe'k% nks in clar _rq ,oa nks in xzh"e _rq ls lacaf/kr gSaA _rq o.kZu ds in

lsukifr ds izÑfr fo"k;d lw{e fujh{k.k vkSj mudh lkSan;kZuqHkwfr dks mn~?kkfVr djus okys gSaA izFke nks

inksa esa _rqjkt clar ds vkxeu vkSj mlds izHkko dk o.kZu dfo us cM+h Hkkoqdrk ds lkFk fd;k gSA

_rqjkt clar ,d jktk dh rjg iwjs ny cy ds lkFk vkrk gSA 'ks"k nks inksa esa xzh"e _rq ds izHkko dks

O;Dr fd;k gSA xzh"e _rq ds vkxeu ls iwoZ gh ry?kjksa dks lq/kkjk tkrk gSA ty;a=ksa dk j[k j[kko dj

b=] xqykcty vkfn dh O;oLFkk igys gh dj yh tkrh gSA Hkko ds vuqlkj Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx ;gk¡ æ"VO;

gSA

cju cju r# Qwys miou cu]

lksbZ prqjax lax ny yfg;r gSA

canh ftfe cksyr fcjn chj dksfdy gSa]

xaqtr e/kqi xku xqu xfg;r gSaAA

vkoS vkl ikl iqgqiu dh lqckl lksbZ]

lksa/ks ds lqxa/k ek¡> lus jfg;r gSaAA

lksHkk dkSa lekt] lsukifr lq[k lkt] vkt]

vkor clar fjrqjkt dfg;r gSaAA1AA

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(19)

ey; lehj lqHk lkSjHk /kju /khj]

ljcj uhj tu eTtu ds dkt dsA

e/kqdj iaqt iqfu eatqy djr xw¡t]

lq/kjr daqt le lnu lekt dsAA

O;kdqy fo;ksxh] tksx dS ldS u tksxh] rgk¡]

fcgjr Hkksxh lsukifr lq[k lkt dsA

l?ku r# ylr cksySa fid dqy lr]

ns[kkS fg; gqylr vk, fjrqjkt dsAA2AA

tsB uftdkus lq/kjr [kldkus] ry]

rk[k rg[kkus ds lq/kkfj >kfj;r gSaA

gksfr gS ejEefr fcfc/k ty ta=u dh]

Å¡ps Å¡ps vVk] rs lq/kk lq/kkfj;r gSaA

lsukifr varj] xqykc vjxtk] lkft]

lkj rkj gkj eksy yS yS /kkfj;r gSaA

xzh"ke ds cklj cjkbos dkSa lhjs lc]

jkt Hkksx dkt lkt ;kSa lEgkfj;r gSaAA3AA

ns[kSa fNfr vEcj tyS gS pkfj vksj Nksj]

fru rjcj lc gh dkSa :i gj~;kS gSA

egk >j ykxS tksfr Hkkno dh gksfr pyS]

tyn iou ru lsd ekukSa ij~;kS gSA

nk#u rjfu rjSa unh lq[k ikoSa lc]

lhjh ?ku Nk¡g pkfgckSbZ fpr /kj~;kS gSA

ns[kkS prqjkbZ lsukifr dforkbZ dh tq]

xzh"ke fo"ke cjlk dh le dj~;kS gSAA4AA

ÛÛÛ

cju&fHkUu@ yfg;r&lth@ fcjn&fo#nkoyh@ dksfdy&dks;y@ e/kqi&HkkSajk@

iqgqiu&iq"i@ lqckl&lqxa/k@ /khj&ean@ eatqy&e/kqj@ daqt&ckx@ eTtu&Lukukfn dk;Z@

fcgjr &fogkj djrk gS@ ylr&fn[kkbZ nsuk@ fid&dks;y@ [kldkus&[kl dh ifV~V;k¡@ vrj

&b=@ lEgkfj;r&laHkkyuk@ rjfu&uko@ rjcj&o`{kA

-

'kCnkFkZ &

(20)

oLrqfu"B iz'u &


y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u &

fuca/kkRed iz'u &

1- lsukifr ds firk dk uke gS &

¼d½ xaxk/kj nhf{kr ¼[k½ ij'kqjke

¼x½ vuwinkl ¼?k½ I;kjsyky ¼ ½

2- fuEufyf[kr esa ls lsukifr dh jpuk gS &

¼d½ in~ekHkj.k ¼[k½ txf}uksn

¼x½ izcks/k iphlh ¼?k½ dkO;dYiæqe ¼ ½

1- lsukifr ds firkeg dk D;k uke Fkk \

2- *dfoÙk jRukdj^ esa fdrus Nan gSa \

3- lsukifr dk fiz; vyadkj dkSu lk gS \

4- *prqjax^ ls D;k rkRi;Z gS \

1- lsukifr dk O;fDrxr ifjp; nhft,A

2- lsukifr dh Ñfr;ksa ds uke fyf[k,A

3- *lksbZ prqjax lax ny yfg;r gS^ iafDr dk HkkokFkZ fyf[k,A

4- lsukifr ds dkO; dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A

1- clar _rq ds vkxeu ij izÑfr esa gksus okys ifjorZuksa dks fyf[k,A

2- xzh"e _rq ds vkxeu ls iwoZ D;k D;k rS;kfj;k¡ dh tkrh gSa \

3- xzh"e _rq esa D;k D;k ifjorZu gksrs gSa \

4- ikB esa vk, fuEufyf[kr in~;ka'kksa dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft,A

¼d½ *cju cju r# Qwys------------------------ vkor clar fjrqjkt dfg;r gSaAA^

¼[k½ ns[kSa fNfr vEcj tyS gS ------------------ fo"ke cjlk dh le dj~;kS gSAA

ÛÛÛ

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(21)

6- in~ekdj

dfo ifjp; &

ikB ifjp; &

xaxk Lrqfr

in~ekdj jhfrdky ds izeq[k dfo gSaA budk tUe 1753 bZ- esa ck¡nk ¼m-iz-½ esa gqvk FkkA budk

okLrfod uke *I;kjsyky^ FkkA buds firk dk uke eksguyky HkV~V FkkA ;s cpiu ls gh iz[kj cqf) okys

FksA ;s lksyg o"kZ dh vYik;q esa gh ljl vkSj Hkkoiw.kZ Nanksa dh jpuk djus yxs FksA bUgksaus lkxj ujs'k

*vIiklkgc^ dks ,d Nan lquk;k Fkk] ftl ij izlUu gksdj Jh j?kqukFkjko us bUgsa ,d yk[k eqæk iqjLdkj

Lo:i nhA ;s vtqZu flag] fgEer cgknqj] t;iqj ujs'k] egkjk.kk Hkhelsu ¼mn;iqj½ ujs'k nkSyrjko

¼Xokfy;j½ vkfn ns'k ds dbZ jktkvksa ds vkfJr dfo jgsA budk nsgkolku 1833 bZ- esa dkuiqj esa gqvkA

izfrHkkoku~ gksus ds lkFk lkFk ;s vR;ar LoNan izÑfr ds FksA ;s t;iqj esa jktlh BkV ckV ls

dbZ o"kks± rd jgsA os ;k=k ij iwjs yko y'dj ds lkFk fudyrs FksA ,d ckj ,d ujs'k dks Hkze gks x;k fd

dgha dksbZ nwljk ujs'k vkØe.k ds fy, rks ugha vk jgk gSA in~ekdj }kjk jfpr xazFkksa esa *fgEer cgknqj

fo#nkoyh^] *in~ekHkj.k^] *txf}uksn^] *izcks/k iphlh^] *xaxk ygjh^ *jkejlk;u^ vkSj *vkyhtk izdk'k^

izeq[k gSaA

in~ekdj dh Hkk"kk vR;ar ifj"Ñr gSA blesa dgha&dgha ij vo/kh] czt vkSj cqUnsy[k.Mh dk

feJ.k Hkh gSA budh dforkvksa esa e/kqjrk gSA budh jpuk,¡ fganh lkfgR; dh vewY; fuf/k gSaA

izLrqr ikB esa xaxk dh Lrqfr izLrqr dh xbZ gSA ladfyr inksa esa xaxk dh fueZyrk vkSj ifrrksa ds

m)kj djus dh {kerk dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA dfo us dgk gS fd Hkxoku egknso dh tVk ls fudyh

xaxk us yk[kksa yksxksa dk m)kj fd;k gSA xaxk rks ,slh gS fd og fcuk ek¡xs gh lc dqN ns nsrh gSA og

dke/ksuq gSA mUgksaus dgk gS fd xaxk /keZ dk ewy gS vkSj blds ty dk iku djuk pkfg,A

fof/k ds deaMy dh flf) gS izfl) ;gh]

gfj in iadt izrki dh ygj gSA

dgSa *inekdj^ fxjhl lhl eaMy ds]

eaMy dh eky rrdky v?kgj gSA

Hkwifr HkxhjFk ds jFk dh lqiq.; iFk]

tUgq ti tksx Qy QSy dh Qgj gSA

Nse dh Ngj xaxk jkojh ygj]

dfydky dks dgj tetky dks tgj gSAA1AA

teiqj }kjs yxs fru esa dsokjs] dksÅ

gSa u j[kokjs ,sls cu ds Åtkjs gSaA

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(22)

dgS *inekdj^ frgkjs izu /kkjs rsm]

dfj vc Hkkjs lqjyksd dks fl/kkjs gSaaAA

lqtu lq[kkjs djs iqU; mft;kjs vfr]

ifrr drkjs Hkofla/kq rs mrkjs gSaA

dkgw us u rkjs frUgSa xaxk rqe rkjs] vkSj

tsrs rqe rkjs rsrs uHk esa u rkjs gSaAA2AA

dwje iS dksy dksygw iS lsl daqMyh gS]

daqMyh iS Qcks QSy lqQu gtkj dhA

dgS *inekdj^ R;ksa Qu iS Qoh gS Hkwfe]

Hkwfe iS Qch gS fFkfr jtr igkj dhAA

jtr igkj ij laHkq lqjuk;d gSa]

laHkq ij T;ksfr tVk twV gS vikj dhA

laHkq tVk twVu iS pan dh NqVh gS NVk]

pan dh NVku iS NVk gS xax/kkj dhAA3AA

dSa/kks frgq¡ yksd dh flaxkj dh fclky eky]

dSa/kkSa txh tx esa tekfr rhjFku dhA

dgS *inekdj^ fcjktS lqj fla/kq /kkj]

dSa/kksa nw/k /kkj dke/ksuq ds ?kuu dhA

Hkwifr HkxhjFk ds tl dks tywl dSa/kkSa]

izxVh riL;k dSa/kkSa iwjh tUgq tudhA

dSa/kkSa dNq jk[kS jkdk ifr lksa bykdk Hkkjh]

Hkwfe dh lykdk dh irkdk iqU;xu dhAA4AA

dje dks ewy ru] ru ewy tho tx]

thou dks ewy vfr vkuUn gh /kkfjcksA

dgS *inekdj^ T;kSa vkuUn dks ewy jkt]

jktewy dsoy iztk dks HkkSu HkfjcksA

iztkewy vUu lo] vUuu dks ewy es?k]

es?ku dks ewy ,d tK vuqlfjcksA

tKu dks ewy /ku] /ku ewy /keZ v#]

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(23)

/keZ ewy xaxk&ty fcUnq iku dfjcksAA5AA

fof/k&czg~ek@ izfl)&[;kfr izkIr@fxjhl&f'ko@ v?kgj&iki dks u"V djus okyh@

tUgq&tUgq _f"k@ jkojh&vkidh@ dgj&dBksj@ tetky&;ejkt dk tky@

teiqj&;eiqj@ dsokjs&fdokM+@ lqjyksd&LoxZ@ drkjs&iafDr@ dwje&dNqvk@

dksy&lqvj@ dksygw&ojkg@ lsl&'ks"kukx@ jtr igkj&dSyk'k ioZr@ laHkq&Hkxoku f'ko@

xax/kkj&xaxk dh /kkjk@ dSa/kks&vFkok@ flaxkj&Ükàxkj@ tywl&lewg] mRlo@ jkdk ifr&paæekA

1- in~ekdj dk tUe dgk¡ gqvk Fkk \

¼d½ ck¡nk ¼[k½ t;iqj

¼x½ lkxj ¼?k½ mn;iqj ¼ ½

2- in~ekdj dk okLrfod uke D;k Fkk \

¼d½ uVojyky ¼[k½ I;kjsyky

¼x½ yYywyky ¼?k½ eksguyky ¼ ½

1- in~ekdj dk tUe dc gqvk \

2- in~ekdj ds firk dk D;k uke Fkk \

3- in~ekdj dk nsgkolku dgk¡ gqvk \

4- fdl jktk us in~ekdj dks ,d yk[k eqæk,¡ iqjLdkj esa nha \

5- xaxk dh /kkjk dgk¡ ls fudyh gS \

1- in~ekdj fdu fdu jktkvksa ds vkJ; esa jgs \

2- in~ekdj dh Ñfr;ksa ds uke fyf[k,A

3- **Hkwifr HkxhjFk ds jFk dh lqiq.; iFk^^ iafDr dk HkkokFkZ fyf[k,A

4- in~ekdj ds dkO; dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A

1- izLrqr ikB ds vk/kkj ij xaxk dh egÙkk dk o.kZu dhft,A

2- in~ekdj ds O;fDrRo ,oa ÑfrRo ds ckjs esa ,d ys[k fyf[k,A

3- ikB esa vk, fuEufyf[kr in~;ka'kksa dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft, &

¼d½ **fof/k ds deaMy dh--------------------------dgj tetky dks tgj gSAA^^

¼[k½ **dwje iS dksy dksygw------------------------- NVk gS xax/kkj dhAA^^

ÛÛÛ

'kCnkFkZ &

oLrqfu"B iz'u &

vfry?kwÙkjkRed iz'u &

y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u &

fuca/kkRed iz'u &

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(24)

7- eSfFkyh’kj.k xqIr

ys[kd ifjp; &

ikB-ifjp; &

jk"Vªdfo dh mikf/k ls lEekfur Hkkjrh; laLÑfr ds egku~ mn~xkrk Jh eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr dk

tUe mÙkj çns'k ds fpjxk¡o ¼ftyk >k¡lh½ esa lu~ 1886 esa gqvkA xqIr th f}osnh ;qx ds lokZf/kd

yksdfç; çfrfuf/k dfo gaSA buds firk lsB jkepj.k dfork çseh Fks vkSj ̂dudyrk* miuke ls dfork,¡

fy[krs FksA budh çkjfEHkd dfork,¡ ̂ oS';ksidkjd* esa Niha( fdUrq ckn esa vkpk;Z egkohj çlkn f}osnh

ds lEidZ eas vkus ij ̂ljLorh* eas fy[kuk çkjEHk fd;k vkSj mUgha dh çsj.kk ls [kM+h cksyh dks dfork dh

ljlrk ds vuq:i <kyus dk dk;Z fd;kA xqIr th dh jpukvksa esa jk"Vªh;rk] Lons”k çse] ;qxhu psruk

vkSj Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dh Nki iwjh rjg fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA ̂ Hkkjr&Hkkjrh* uked jpuk ls bUgsa vR;f/kd

yksdfç;rk çkIr gqbZA ns'k ,oa ekr`Hkwfe ds çfr xoZ rFkk xkSjo] jk"Vªh; tkxj.k ls vksr çksr ^Hkkjr

Hkkjrh* dh dforkvksa us bUgsa jk"Vªdfo ds :i esa çfrf"Br fd;kA Hkkjr ljdkj us bUgsa jkT; lHkk dk

lnL; Hkh euksuhr fd;kA

xqIr th dh jpukvksa esa ekuo thou vkSj lekt ds fofo/k vaxksa dh leL;kvksa dk fp=.k gqvk

gSA muesa Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dh çkphurk ds çfr iwT; Hkko gS rks u, ifjorZu ds çfr Hkh rhoz mRlkg gSA

f}osnh ;qxhu vkn'kZoknh uSfrdrk] ifo=rk] ikSjkf.kd vk[;kuksa dh rdZ laxr O;k[;k ,oa lelkef;d

jk’Vªh; gypyksa dh rhoz xw¡t muds dkO; esa gSA os lkekftd mRihM+u] jktuhfrd nklrk rFkk /kkfeZd

ladh.kZrk ds fojks/kh gSaA mUgsa Hkkjrh; lkaLÑfrd uo tkxj.k dk dfo dgk tkrk gSA

xqIr th us [k.MdkO;] çcU/kdkO;] ukVd ,oa vuwfnr dkO; vkfn fo/kkvksa eassa fy[kk gSA budh

jpukvksa esa ^HkkjrHkkjrh*] *t;nzFko/k*] *iapoVh*] *xq#dqy*]*>adkj*] *lkdsr*] *;'kks/kjk*] *}kij*]

*t;Hkkjr*] *fl)jkt*] *fo".kq fç;k* vkfn fo'ks"k mYys[kuh; gaSA ̂lkdsr* egkdkO; us xqIr th dks dhfrZ

ds f'k[kj ij igq¡pk;k( ftlesa jke ds ikou pfj= dks vk/kqfud ifjos'k esa fpf=r djrs gq, misf{krk

mfeZyk ds pfj= dks R;kxe;h ukjh ds :i esa fpf=r fd;k x;k gSA

çLrqr ladyu xqIr th ds çfl) dkO; ̂;'kks/kjk* ls ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA ;'kks/kjk esa xkSre

cq) ds jktx`g dks R;kxdj pys tkus ds i'pkr~ mudh iRuh ;'kks/kjk ds ân; esa mRiUu Hkkoksa dk

ekfeZd ,oa euksoSKkfud fp=.k gSA xkSre cq) viuh iRuh ;'kks/kjk ,oa iq= jkgqy dks lksrk gqvk NksM+dj

pys tkrs gSaA çkr% dky gksus ij ;'kks/kjk dks tc irk yxrk gS] rks og vkReXykfu ls Hkjdj osnuk çdV

djrh gSA mls bl ckr dk vf/kd nq%[k gS fd mlds ifr mls fcuk crk, pys x,A og dgrh gS fd ,slk

djds mUgksaus lEHkor% ge {k=k.kh ukfj;ksa dks le>us esa Hkwy dj nh gSA ge {k=k.kh ukfj;k¡ ns”k dh j{kk

ds fy, vius ifr;ksa dks [kq”kh [kq”kh j.k {ks= eas Hkst nsrh gSaA fQj os rks txr dY;k.k gsrq flf) çkIr

djus ds fy, x, gSaA bl ladyu esa ;'kks/kjk dh lgt ukjhxr osnuk] {kksHk] larki ds lkFk lkFk mlds

ekr`Ro vkSj okRlY; dk Hkh çHkko'kkyh vadu gSA

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(25)

^Hkkjr dh Js"Brk* dkO;ka'k xqIr th ds çfl) dkO; ^Hkkjr Hkkjrh* ls fy;k x;k gS( ftlesa

mUgksaus ijk/khurk vkSj fujk'kk esa Mwch Hkkjrh; turk dks tkxzr gksus dk vkg~oku fd;k gSA ̂Hkkjr Hkkjrh*

jk"Vªh;rk dh mn~?kks"kd jpuk gSA jk"Vªh; vkanksyu ds le; bl jpuk dks vR;f/kd yksdfç;rk çkIr

gqbZA çLrqr va'k esa xqIr th us Hkkjro"kZ ds xkSjoe; vrhr dk o.kZu fd;k gSA çkÑfrd oSHko ls le`)

Hkkjr Hkwfe _f"k;k egf’kZ;ksa dh Hkwfe jgh gSA bl Hkwfe ij vusd ohj] _f"k eqfu] nkuh vkSj fpardksa us tUe

fy;k gSA Hkkjr Hkwfe lalkj ds lEiw.kZ ns'kksa esa fljekSj gSA ;g og iq.; Hkwfe gS( ftlds fuoklh leLr

fo|kvksa ,oa dyk dkS'ky ds çFke vkpk;Z jgs gaSA ge ,sls egku ekuoksa dh larfr gksdj Hkh nqxZfr dks

çkIr gks jgs gaSA

flf)&gsrq Lokeh x;s] ;g xkSjo dh ckr(

ij pksjh&pksjh x;s] ;gh cM+k O;k?kkrA

lf[k] os eq>ls dgdj tkrs]

dg] rks D;k eq>dks os viuh iFk&ck/kk gh ikrs \

eq>dks cgqr mUgksaus ekuk]

fQj Hkh D;k iwjk igpkuk \

eSaus eq[; mlh dks tkuk]

tks os eu eas ykrsA

lf[k] os eq>ls dgdj tkrsA

Lo;a lqlfTtr djds {k.k eas]

fç;re dks] çk.kksa ds i.k eas]

geha Hkst nsrh gSa j.k eas] &

{kk= /keZ ds ukrs A


gqvk u og Hkh HkkX; vHkkxk]

fdl ij foQy xoZ vc tkxk \

ftlus viuk;k Fkk] R;kxk A

jgs Lej.k gh vkrs!


u;u mUgsa gaS fu’Bqj dgrs ]

ij buls tks vk¡lw cgrs]

ln; ân; os dSls lgrs \

x;s rjl gh [kkrsA

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ewy ikB &

;'kks/kjk ¼ladfyr va'k½

(26)


tk,¡] flf) ikosa os lq[k ls]

nq[kh u gksa bl tu ds nq%[k ls]

mikyEHk nw¡ eSa fdl eq[k ls \

vkt vf/kd os Hkkrs!


x;s] ykSV Hkh os vkosaxs]

dqN viwoZ vuqie ykosaxs \

jksrs çk.k mUgs ikosaxs \

ij D;k xkrs xkrs]


Hkw yksd dk xkSjo ]çÑfr dk iq.; yhyk LFky dgk¡ \

QSyk euksgj fxfj fgeky; vkSj xaxkty tgk¡AA

lEiw.kZ ns”kksa ls vf/kd fdl ns”k dk mRd’kZ gS \

mldk fd tks _f’kHkwfe gS] og dkSu \Hkkjro’kZ gSAA

gk¡] o`) Hkkjro’kZ gh lalkj dk fljekSj gS]

,slk iqjkru ns”k dksbZ fo”o eas D;k vkSj gS \

Hkxoku dh Hko Hkwfr;ksa dk ;g çFke Hk.Mkj gSA

fof/k us fd;k uj l`f’V dk igys ;gha foLrkj gSAA

;g iq.;Hkwfe çfl) gS blds fuoklh *vk;Z^ gSa]

fo|k] dyk dkS”ky lcds tks çFke vkpk;Z gaSA

lUrku mudh vkt ;|fi ge v/kksxfr eas iM+s A

ij fpg~u mudh mPprk ds vkt Hkh dqN gaS [kM+sAA

ÛÛÛ

lqlfTtr & vPNh rjg] rS;kj dj@ çk.kksa ds ç.k & çk.kkas dh ckth yxh gks@ {k k=&/ke Z

& {kf=; /keZ ds dÙkZO; fuokZg gsrq@ foQy & O;FkZ@ fu’Bqj & n;k j fgr@ mikyE H k &

mykguk@ Hkkrs & vPNs yxuk@ viwoZ & vf}rh; @ vuqie & vuks[kk@ flf) gsrq & flf) çkIr

djus ds fy,@ O;k?kkr & ihM+k@ iFk ck/kk & ekxZ eas #dkoV@ fxfj & ioZr@ mRd’kZ & mRFkku@

fljekSj & loZJs’B@ iqjkru & iqjkuk@ HkoHkwfr;k¡ & lkalkfjd oSHko@ vk;Z & Js’B ¼lnkpkjh½@

v/kksxfr & iru@ fof/k & czg~ek] bZ”ojA

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Hkkjr dh Js"Brk

'kCnkFkZ &

(27)

oLrqfu"B ç'u &

vfr y?kwŸkjkRed ç'u &

y?kwŸkjkRed ç'u &

fuca/kkRed ç'u

1- ;g xkSjo dh ckr fd Lokeh x;s &

¼d½ oSjkX; gsrq ¼[k½ flf) gsrq

¼x½ jkT; çkfIr gsrq ¼?k½ rhFkZ;k=k gsrq ¼ ½

2- ;”kks/kjk dks ihM+k gS fd mlds ifr pys x, gSa&

¼d½ lksrk gqvk NksM+dj ¼[k½ y{; crk, fcuk

¼x½ pksjh pksjh ¼?k½ [kkuk [kk, fcuk ¼ ½

3- dfo ds vuqlkj çÑfr dk iq.; rhFkZ LFky gS &

¼d½ Hkkjr o’kZ ¼[k½ fgeky;

¼x½ xaxk ¼?k½ lkxj ¼ ½

1- ;”kks/kjk dk dkO; :i D;k gS \

2- ;”kks/kjk nq%[kh D;kas gS \

3- Hkkjro’kZ vU; ns”kksa dk fljeSkj D;ksa gS \

4- Hkkjro’kZ dks çÑfr dk iq.; rhFkZ LFky D;ksa dgk tkrk gS \

1- ;”kks/kjk dh ewy laosnuk vius “kCnksa eas fyf[k,A

2- ^nq%[kh u gks bl tu ds nq%[k ls* iafDr eaas ;”kks/kjk us ^tu* “kCn dk ç;ksx fdlds fy, fd;k gS\

3- ^mikyEHk nw¡ eaS fdl eq[k ls* ;”kks/kjk us ;g D;ksa dgk gS \

4- dfo us Hkkjro’kZ dks Hkwyksd dk xkSjo D;ksa crk;k gS \vius “kCnksa eas fyf[k,A

1- ^;”kks/kjk* ds ifBr dkO;ka”k ds vk/kkj ij ;”kks/kjk dh pkfjf=d fo”ks’krk,¡ Li’V dhft,A

2- eSfFkyh“kj.k xqIr dks jk’Vªdfo D;ksa dgk tkrk gS\

3- ^Hkkjr dh Js’Brk* eas vfHkO;Dr Hkkoksa dks vius “kCnksa eas fyf[k,A

4- Hkkjro’kZ ds vrhr dh fo”ks’krkvksa ij çdk”k Mkfy,A

5- ikB esa vk, fuEufyf[kr in~;ka”kkas dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft, &

¼d½ *Lo;a lqlfTtr djds---------------------------------- dgdj tkrs*A

¼[k½ *Hkw yksd dk xkSjo----------------------------------------------Hkkjro’kZ*A

¼x½ *;g iq.; Hkwfe----------------------------------------------------dqN gaS [kM+s*A

ÛÛÛ

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(28)

8- lw;Zdkar f=ikBh *fujkyk^

dfo ifjp; &

ikB-ifjp; &

jke dh 'kfDriwtk

lw;Zdkar f=ikBh *fujkyk^ dk tUe 21 Qjojh] 1896 dh clar iapeh ds fnu esfnuhiqj if”pe

caxky esa gqvkA rhu o’kZ dh NksVh voLFkk esa gh fujkyk th dh ekrkth dk fu/ku gks x;k vkSj ;qokoLFkk

rd vkrs&vkrs firkth dk Hkh fu/ku gks x;kA fujkyk dk laiw.kZ thou la?k’kZe; jgkA bykgkckn ls

fujkyk th dh dbZ Le`fr;k¡ tqM+h jghaA fujkykth dk fu/ku 15 vDVwcj] 1971 dks gqvkA

Nk;koknh ;qx ds pkj izeq[k LraHkksa esa ls ,d fujkyk fganh esa eqDrNan ds izorZd Hkh ekus tkrs gSaA

fujkyk ds izeq[k dkO; laxzg bl izdkj gSa & *vukfedk^] *ifjey^] *xhfrdk^] *rqylhnkl^] *vf.kek^]

*csyk^] *u, iÙks^] *vpZuk^] *vkjk/kuk^] *xhr daqt^ vkfnA fujkyk dk xn~; lkfgR; Hkh dkQh yksdfiz; jgk

gSA

izLrqr dkO;ka'k fujkyk dh *jke dh “kfDriwtk^ ls ladfyr gSA blesa vU;k; ij U;k; dh]

vlr~ ij lr~ dh] v/keZ ij /keZ dh] jko.kRo ij jke dh vkSj vUrr% fujk”kk ij vk”kk dh fot; fn[kyk

dj lkaLÑfrd izfrekuksa dks izLrqr fd;k gSA ;g dfork ekuo&eu ds vUr}ZU}ksa dh dFkk gS tks ekuo

thou ds vuojr la?k’kZ esa fon~;eku ftthfo’kk dks O;Dr djrh gSA

izLrqr dfork esa jke jko.k ;qn~/k lr~ vkSj vlr~ dh nks fojks/kh izo`fÙk;ksa dh VdjkgV gSA O;fDr

dks jke dh rjg foink vkSj ladVdkyhu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa vius laxh fe=ksa ls ijke”kZ ysdj dfBukb;ksa

ij fot; izkIr djuk pkfg,A

lhrk dk vigj.k dj vV~Vgkl dj jgs jko.k ds lkFk “kfDr dks ns[k jke fujk”k gks tkrs gSa

fdarq foHkh’k.k] tkEcoku] guqeku vkfn fe=ksa dh lykg ij “kfDr dh mikluk djrs gSaA jke dk ;g

la?k'kZ fo’kerk vkSj grk”kk ls =Lr ekuork dks nkuork dh “kfDr&laiUurk ds fo#n~/k fujUrj la?k’kZ

djus dh izsj.kk nsrk gSA

ijkftr gksdj Hkh ekuo dks eu ls gkj Lohdkj ugha djuh pkfg,] ;gh *jke dh “kfDriwtk^ dk

vk”kkoknh lans”k gSA

ewy ikB

gS vekfu”kk] mxyrk xxu ?ku vU/kdkj]

[kks jgk fn”kk dk Kku] LrC/k gS iou&pkj]

vizfrgr xjt jgk ihNs vEcqf/k fo”kky]

Hkw/kj T;ksa /;kueXu] dsoy tyrh e”kkyA

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(29)

fLFkj jk?kosUæ dks fgyk jgk fQj fQj la”k;]

jg jg mBrk tx thou esa jko.kt; Hk;]

tks ugha gqvk vkt rd ân; fjiqnE; JkUr]

,d Hkh] v;qr y{k esa jgk tks nqjkØkUr]

dy yM+us dks gks jgk fody og ckj ckj]

vleFkZ ekurk eu mn~;r gks gkj gkjA

dqN {k.k rd jgdj ekSu lgt fut dksey Loj]

cksys j?kqef.k **fe=oj] fot; gksxh u] lej

;g ugha jgk uj okuj dk jk{kl ls j.k]

mrjh ik egk”kfDr jko.k ls vkeU=.k]

vU;k; ft/kj] gSa m/kj “kfDrA^^ dgrs Ny Ny

gks x, u;u] dqN cw¡n iqu% <yds n`xty]

#d x;k d.B] pedk y{e.k rst% izp.M

/k¡l x;k /kjk esa dfi xg ;qxin] eld n.M

fLFkj tkEcoku] le>rs gq, T;ksa ldy Hkko]

O;kdqy lqxzho] gqvk mj esa T;ksa fo’ke ?kko]

fuf”pr lk djrs gq, foHkh’k.k dk;ZØe

ekSu esa jgk ;ksa LifUnr okrkoj.k fo’keA

fut lgt :i esa la;r gks tkudhizk.k

cksys **vk;k u le> esa ;g nSoh fo/kkuA

jko.k] v/keZjr Hkh] viuk] eSa gqvk vij]

;g jgk] “kfDr dk [ksy lej] “kadj] “kadj!

djrk eSa ;ksftr ckj ckj “kjfudj fuf”kr]

gks ldrh ftuls ;g lal`fr laiw.kZ foftr]

tks rst% iaqt] l`f’V dh j{kk dk fopkj]

gSa ftuesa fufgr iru ?kkrd laLÑfr vikjA

dg gq, HkkuqdqyHkw’k.k ogk¡ ekSu {k.k Hkj]

cksys fo”oLr d.B ls tkEcoku] **j?kqoj]

fopfyr gksus dk ugha ns[krk eSa dkj.k]

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(30)

gs iq#’kflag] rqe Hkh ;g “kfDr djks /kkj.k]

vkjk/ku dk n`<+ vkjk/ku ls nks mÙkj]

rqe ojks fot; la;r izk.kksa ls izk.kksa ijA

jko.k v”kq) gksdj Hkh ;fn dj ldrk =Lr

rks fu”p; rqe gks fl) djksxs mls /oLr]

“kfDr dh djks ekSfyd dYiuk] djks iwtuA

NksM+ nks lej tc rd u flf) gks] j?kquUnu!

rc rd y{e.k gSa] egkokfguh ds uk;d]

e/; ekxZ esa vaxn] nf{k.k ”osr lgk;dA

eSa] HkYy lSU;] gSa oke ik”oZ esa guqeku]

uy] uhy vkSj NksVs dfix.k] muds iz/kkuA

lqxzho] foHkh’k.k] vU; ;wFkifr ;Fkkle;

vk;saxs j{kk gsrq tgk¡ Hkh gksxk Hk;A^^

;g vfUre ti] /;ku esa ns[krs pj.k ;qxy

jke us c<+k;k dj ysus dks uhydeyA

dqN yxk u gkFk] gqvk lglk fLFkj eu papy]

/;ku dh Hkwfe ls mrjs] [kksys iyd foeyA

ns[kk] ogk¡ fjDr LFkku] ;g ti dk iw.kZ le;]

vklu NksM+uk vflf)] Hkj x, u;u};]

**f/kd~ thou dks tks ikrk gh vk;k gS fojks/k]

f/kd~ lk/ku ftlds fy, lnk gh fd;k “kks/k

tkudh! gk; m)kj fiz;k dk gks u ldk]

og ,d vkSj eu jgk jke dk tks u FkdkA

tks ugha tkurk nSU;] ugha tkurk fou;]

dj x;k Hksn og ek;koj.k izkIr dj t;A

cqf) ds nqxZ igq¡pk fon~;qrxfr grpsru

jke esa txh Le`fr gq, ltx ik Hkko izeuA

**;g gS mik;^^] dg mBs jke T;ksa efUær ?ku

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(31)

**dgrh Fkha ekrk] eq>dks lnk jkthou;uA

nks uhy dey gSa “ks’k vHkh] ;g iqj”pj.k

iwjk djrk gw¡ nsdj ekr% ,d u;uA^^

dgdj ns[kk rw.khj czg~e”kj jgk >yd]

ys fy;k gLr yd yd djrk og egkQydA

ys vL= oke ij] nf{k.k dj nf{k.k ykspu

ys vfiZr djus dks mn~;r gks x, lqeu

ftl {k.k c¡/k x;k cs/kus dks n`x n`<+ fu”p;]

dk¡ik czãk.M] gqvk nsoh dk Rofjr mn;A

**lk/kq] lk/kq] lk/kd /khj] /keZ /ku /kU; jke!^^

dg] fy;k Hkxorh us jk?ko dk gLr FkkeA

ns[kk jke us] lkeus Jh nqxkZ] HkkLoj

okein vlqj LdU/k ij] jgk nf{k.k gfj ijA

T;ksfreZ; :i] gLr n”k fofo/k vL= lfTtr]

eUn fLer eq[k] y[k gqbZ fo”o dh Jh yfTtrA

gSa nf{k.k esa y{eh] ljLorh oke Hkkx]

nf{k.k x.ks”k] dkfrZd ck;sa j.kjax jkx]

eLrd ij “kadj! iniùksa ij J)kHkj

Jh jk?ko gq, iz.kr eUn LojoUnu djA

**gksxh t;] gksxh t;] gs iq#’kksÙke uohuA^^

dg egk”kfDr jke ds onu esa gqbZ yhuA

ÛÛÛ

vekfu'kk & vekol dh jkr@ vizfrgr & vijkftr] ftls jksdk u tk lds@

vEcqf/k&lkxj] leqæ@ jk?kosUæ & jke@ n`xty & vk¡lw@ ekSfyd & uohu@ oke &

ck¡;k@ f/kd~ & f/kDdkj@ iqj'pj.k & fdlh dk;Z dh flf) ds fy, ea= tki] fof'k’V

lQyrk gsrq vk;kstu@ onu & eq[kA

1- jke us fdl dks ijkftr djus ds fy, “kfDr dh mikluk dh \

-

'kCnkFkZ &

oLrqfu"B iz'u &

(32)

¼d½ jko.k ¼c½ ekjhp

¼x½ dal ¼?k½ es?kukn ¼ ½

2- *vukfedk^ fdldh jpuk gS \

¼d½ lw;Zdkar f=ikBh ¼[k½ iar

¼x½ fnudj ¼?k½ egknsoh oekZ ¼ ½

1- jko.k ls ;q) djrs gq, jke fujk'k D;ksa gks x, Fks \

2- jke jko.k ;q) fdldk izrhd gS \

3- jke dks 'kfDr mikluk djus dk lq>ko fdlus fn;k \

1- *jke dh 'kfDriwtk^ ds vk/kkj ij jke jko.k dh lsuk dk o.kZu dhft,A

2- jke us 'kfDr dh mikluk esa dkSu&ls Qwyksa dk iz;ksx fd;k \

3- jko.k ls ;q)jr jke Lo;a dks D;ksa f/kDdkjrs gSa \

4- ikB esa Jhjke ds fy, fdu fdu i;kZ;okph 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx gqvk gS \

1- *jke dh 'kfDriwtk^ esa fufgr lkaLÑfrd izfrekuksa dks le>kb,A

2- *jke dh 'kfDriwtk^ ekuo eu dk vUr}ZU} gSA le>kb,A

3- orZeku HkkSfrdrk dh pdkpkSa/k esa *jke dh 'kfDriwtk^ lk/kkj.k vkneh dh ihM+k dks vfHkO;Dr

djrh gSA Li’V dhft,A

4- *jke dh 'kfDriwtk^ esa lr~ vkSj vlr~ izo`fÙk;ksa ds la?k’kZ dks foLrkj ls le>kb,A

5- fuEufyf[kr in~;ka'kksa dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft, &

¼d½ fLFkj jk?kosUæ dks fgyk ---------mn~;r gks gkj gkjA

¼[k½ **f/kd thou dks tks ----------ek;koj.k izkIr dj t;A

ÛÛÛ


y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u &

fuca/kkRed iz'u &

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(33)

9- t;'kadj izlkn

dfo ifjp; &

t;'kadj izlkn dk tUe 30 tuojh] 1890 dks okjk.klh ds ,d laHkzkUr ifjokj esa gqvkA

^lqa?kuh lkgq* ifjokj ds *ckcw nsoh izlkn* buds firk FksA ekrk dk uke eqUuh nsoh FkkA dfork djus dh

izo`fÙk vki esa cpiu ls gh jghA lkroha d{kk rd Dohal dkWyst esa v/;;u fd;kA blds ckn firk dk

vlkef;d fu/ku gks x;k] vr% vkxs dh i<+kbZ mnwZ] fgUnh] laLÑr ,oa vaxjsth fo"k; ds lkFk ?kj ij gh

gqbZA ikfjokfjd leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djrs gq, Hkh vkius Lok/;k; tkjh j[kkA izlkn th dh fe=rk

vius le; ds [;kfr izkIr yksxksa ls jgh] ftuesa jk; Ñ".knkl] dsnkjukFk ikBd] eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr] iar]

fujkyk] izsepUn] egknsoh oekZ] tSusUnz vkfn izeq[k gSaA izlkn th izfrHkk ,oa dkS'ky ds /kuh gksus ds lkFk

LoHkko ls fouez FksA vUreqZ[kh izo`fÙk ds lkFk ifjJeh LoHkko budh fo'ks"krk jgh gSA

izlknth cgqeq[kh izfrHkk ds /kuh FksA mudh ys[kuh us dfork] ukVd] dgkuh] miU;kl ,oa

fuca/k vkfn lHkh fo/kkvksa dks le`) fd;k gSA vkidh fofo/k dkO; jpuk,¡ bl izdkj gSa & eqDrd dkO;

laxzg & ¼1½ fp=k/kkj ¼cztHkk"kk esa½] ¼2½ dkuu dqlqe ¼[kM+h cksyh fganh dk izFke laxzg½] ¼3½ >juk ¼25

dfork,¡] ckn esa 55½] ¼4½ ygj ¼43 dfork,¡½A izca/k dkO; & izse jkT;^ ¼2½ oufeyu ¼3½ v;ks/;k dk

m)kj ¼4½ 'kksdksPNokl ¼5½ izse ifFkd ¼igys czt Hkk"kk esa rFkk ckn esa [kM+h cksyh esa izdk'ku½] ¼6½

egkjk.kk dk egÙo ¼7½ vk¡lw ¼8½ dkek;uh ¼egkdkO;½A *dkek;uh* egkdkO; ij bUgsa *eaxyk izlkn

ikfjrksf"kd^ Hkh izkIr gqvkA ukVd& ¼1½ lTtu] ¼2½ dY;k.kh] ¼3½ d#.kky;] ¼4½ fo'kk[k] ¼5½

vtkr'k=q] ¼6½ tuest; dk ukx ;K] ¼7½ dkeuk] ¼8½ LdUnxqIr] ¼9½ ,d ?kw¡V] ¼10½ pUnzxqIr] ¼11½

/kzqoLokfeuhA dgkfu;k¡ & ik¡p dgkuh laxzg gSa& ¼1½ Nk;k] ¼2½ izfr/ofu] ¼3½ vkdk'knhi] ¼4½ vk¡/kh] ¼5½

bUnztkyA miU;kl & dqy rhu miU;kl fy[ks ftuesa ,d v/kwjk jgk & ¼1½ dadky] ¼2½ frryh ¼3½

bjkorh ¼v/kwjk½ fuca/k & lkfgfR;d fucU/k & ¼1½ izÑfr lkSUn;Z ¼2½ HkfDr ¼3½ fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu

¼4½ ljkst ¼5½ fganh dfork dk fodklA ,sfrgkfld fucU/k & ¼1½ lezkV pUnzxqIr ekS;Z] ¼2½ ekS;ksZa dk

jkT; ifjorZu] ¼3½ vk;kZorZ dk izFke lezkV] ¼4½ n'kjkt ;q)A leh{kkRed fucU/k & ¼1½ pEiw ¼2½

dfo vkSj dfork ¼3½ dfork dk jlkLokn ¼4½ dkO; vkSj dyk ¼5½ jgL;okn ¼6½ jl ¼7½ ukVdksa esa jl

dk iz;ksx ¼8½ ukVdksa dk izkjEHk ¼9½ jaxeap bR;kfnA

izlkn Nk;kokn ds iz.ksrkvksa esa ls ,d dfo gSaA ewyr% izse vkSj lkSan;Z ds dfo jgs gSaA blds

vykok buds dkO; esa fuEukafdr fo'ks"krk,¡ ikbZ tkrh gSa & ¼1½ fo"k; dh uohurk ¼2½ uohu dYiuk,¡ ¼3½

izkÑfrd vkSj ekuoh; lkSUn;Z dk fp=.k ¼4½ yk{kf.kd oØrk ¼5½ Hkkoukvksa dk lw{e fp=.k ¼6½

jgL;kRedrk vkfn Nk;koknh fo'ks"krkvksa ls ;qDr ¼7½ lkSan;Z psruk ds lkFk Hkkjrh; bfrgkl] n'kZu vkSj

laLÑfr ds izfr vuqjkx rFkk ¼8½ jk"Vªh; psrukA

bl izdkj izlkn ds dkO; esa Nk;koknh lkSUn;Zijdrk ,oa Hkkoqdrk ds lkFk Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ds

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(34)

mTToy i{kksa vkSj bfrgkl ds xkSjoiw.kZ iUuksa dk mtyk jax Hkh feyrk gS tks jk"Vªoknh Hkkoukvksa dks

tkxzr djrk gSA

bl v/;k; esa nh xbZ dfork & *is'kksyk dh izfr/ofu* jk"Vª izse ls vksr&izksr gSA bl dfork esa

dfo mn;iqj dh fiNksyk >hy ds fdukjs cus gq, egkjk.kkvksa ds egyksa vkSj muds >hy esa cus izfrfcEcksa

ds ek/;e ls Hkkjrh; yksxksa dks iqdkj dj ckj ckj dg jgk gS fd ge vkt gekjh iqjkuh vfLerk dks Hkwy

dj lks x, gSaA gesa iqu% tkxuk gS rFkk ns'k ds iqu#)kj dk Hkkj mBkuk gSA vr% dfo iwNrk gS fd og

dkSu gksxk \ fopkj gesa djuk gS fd og eSa gh gw¡A

v#.k d#.k fcEcA

og fu/kwZe] HkLe jfgr Toyu fi.MA

fody foorZuksa ls

fojy izorZuksa esa

Jfer ufer lk

if'pe ds O;kse esa gS vkt fujoyEc lkA

vkgqfr;k¡ fo'o dh vtlz yqVkrk jgk&

lrr~] lglz] dj ekyk ls

rst vkst cy tks onkU;rk dnEc lkA

is'kksyk dh mfeZ;k¡ gSa 'kkUr] ?kuh Nk;k esa

rV r# gS fpf=r rjy fp=lkjh esaA

>ksaiM+s [kM+s gSa cus f'kYi ds fo"kkn ds &

nX/k volkn lsA

/kwlj tyn [k.M >Vd iM+s gSa

tSls fotu vuUr esaA

dkfyek fc[kjrh gS la/;k ds dyad lh]

nqUnqfHk e`nax rw;Z 'kkUr lc ekSu gSaA

fQj Hkh iqdkj lh gS xw¡t jgh O;kse esa&

**dkSu ysxk Hkkj ;g\

dkSu fopysxk ugha\

nqcZyrk bl vfLFk ekal dh&

Bksd dj yksgs ls] ij[k dj otz ls

izy;ksYdk [k.M ds fud"k ij dl dj

ikB ifjp; &

ewy ikB &

is'kksyk dh izfr/ofu

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(35)

pw.kZ vfLFk iqat lk g¡lsxk vêgkl dkSu\

lk/kuk fi'kkpksa dh fc[kj pwj pwj gksds

/kwfy lh mM+sxh fdl nÌr QwRdkj ls\

dkSu ysxk Hkkj ;g\

thfor gS dkSu\

lk¡l pyrh gS fdldh

dgrk gS dkSu Å¡ph Nkrh dj] eSa gw¡&

& eSa gw¡ esokM+ eSa]

vjkoyh Ükàx lk leqUur flj fdl dk \

cksyks] dksbZ cksyks&vjs] D;k rqe lc e`r gks \**

vkg! bl [ksok dh! &

dkSu Fkkerk gS irokj ,sls va/kM+ esa]

vU/kdkj ikjkokj xgu fu;fr lk

meM+ jgk gS] T;ksfr js[kkghu {kqC/k gksA

[khap ys pyk gS &

dky /khoj vuUr esa

lk¡l lQjh lh vVdh gS fdldh vk'kk esa\

vkt Hkh is'kksyk ds

rjy ty e.Myksa esa

ogh 'kCn ?kwerk lk

xw¡trk fody gS(

fdUrq og /ofu dgk¡!

xkSjo lh dk;k iM+h ek;k gS izrki dh

ogh esokM!+

fdUrq vkt izfr/ofu dgk¡ \^^

fu/kwZe & fcuk /kq¡, ds@ fody & O;kdqy] cspSu@ izorZuksa & uokpkjksa@ vkgqfr;k¡ & gou

lkexzh @ fujoyEc&lk & cslgkjk&lk] vk/kkjghu@ mfeZ;k¡ & ygjsa@ /kwlj & /kwy lus@

nqUnqfHk & uxkM+k] Madk] /kkSalk@ rw;Z & lhax ls cuk cktk@ fud"k & dlkSVh@ Ükàx &

f'k[kj] pksVh@ [ksok & uko@ xgu fu;fr & nqHkkZX;@ lQjh & eNyh@ foorZuksa &

?kqekoksa] pDdjksa@ fojy & eUn] de@ O;kse & vkdk'k] uHk@ vtlz & fujUrj]

vikj@onkU;rk & mnkjrk@ nX/k volkn & nq%[k esa tyrs gq,@ fotu & ohjku]

lqulku@ e`nax & <ksy@ izy;ksYdk & izy;dkjh iRFkj ;k fctyh@ nÌr QwRdkj & iz[kj

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dfBu 'kCn&

(36)

;k rst;qDr QqQdkj@ leqUur & Å¡pk@ ikjkokj & leqnz@ /khoj & ukfodA

1- îs'kksyk dh izfr/ofu* dfork fdl dkO; laxzg esa lax`ghr gS \

¼d½ dkuu dqlqe ¼[k½ ygj

¼x½ >juk ¼?k½ fp=k/kkj ¼ ½

2- dfo us ̂is'kksyk* fdls dgk gS \

¼d½ vUuklkxj dks ¼[k½ t;leUn dks

¼x½ mn;lkxj >hy dks ¼?k½ fiNksyk >hy dks ¼ ½

3- dfork esa ̂xgu fu;fr lk* fdlds fy, iz;qDr gqvk gS \

¼d½ lkSHkkX; ds fy, ¼[k½ nqHkkZX; ds fy,

¼x½ Mwcus ds fy, ¼?k½ xgjkbZ ds fy, ¼ ½

1- îs'kksyk >hy* dgk¡ fLFkr gS \

2- xkSjo lh dk;k fdldh iM+h gS \

3- lk¡l vk'kk esa fdldh rjg yVdh gqbZ gS \

1- dfo yksxksa dks e`r D;ksa eku jgk gS \

2- dfo nqcZyrkvksa ds fy, dlkSVh fdls ekurk gS \

3- is'kksyk >hy esa cus egyksa ds izfrfcEc fo"kkn ds f'kYi cus gq, D;ksa yxrs gSa \

4- nqUnqfHk e`nax rw;Z 'kkUr lc ekSu gSaA

fQj Hkh iqdkj lh gS xw¡t jgh O;kse esaAA^^ mDr iafDr;ksa dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,A

5- [ksok dh irokj dkSu [khap jgk gS vkSj dgk¡ ys tk jgk gS \

1- îs'kksyk dh izfr/ofu* dfork dk ewy Hkko fyf[k,A

2- ifBr dfork ds vk/kkj ij izlkn ds dkO; vkSj O;fDrRo ij izdk'k Mkfy,A

3- dfork esa vk, fuEufyf[kr i|ka'kksa dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft, &

¼d½ nqcZyrk bl vfLFk --------------------------------------------- nÌr QqRdkj ls \

¼[k½ vkg! bl [ksok ---------------------------------------------------- fdldh vk'kk esa \

ÛÛÛ

oLrqfu"B iz'u &


y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u &

fuca/kkRed iz'u &

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(37)

10- jke/kkjh flag fnudj

dfo ifjp; &

jpuk-lalkj &

fgUnh ds [;kfr izkIr dfo jke/kkjh flag fnudj dk tUe 23 flrEcj] 1908 bZ- esa flefj;k]

eqaxsj ¼fcgkj½ esa ,d lkekU; d`"kd ifjokj esa gqvkA buds firk jfo flag ,oa ekrk eu:i nsoh FkhA

fnudj tc nks o"kZ ds gh Fks fd buds firk dk LoxZokl gks x;kA Qyr% fnudj vkSj buds HkkbZ cguksa

dk ikyu iks"k.k mudh ekrk }kjk fd;k x;kA budk cpiu ,oa dS'kks;Z nsgkr esa chrk] ftlls

okLrfod thou dh dBksjrk ls lkeuk gqvkA vkius izkFkfed f'k{kk xk¡o ds izkFkfed fo|ky; ls izkIr

dhA fefMy rd dh f'k{kk *jk"Vªh; fefMy Ldwy* esa izkIr dhA ;g Ldwy ml le; ljdkjh O;oLFkk

¼fons'kh ljdkj½ ds fojks/k esa [kksyk x;k FkkA 'kk;n ;gha ls fnudj ds eu vkSj efLr"d eas jk"Vªh;rk dh

Hkkouk dk fodkl izkjEHk gqvkA gkbZ Ldwy f'k{kk *eksdkek?kkV gkbZ Ldwy* ls iwjh dhA bl le; rd

budk fookg Hkh gks pqdk Fkk vkSj ;s ,d iq= ds firk Hkh cu x, FksA 1928 esa eSfVªd ds ckn iVuk

fo'ofo|ky; ls 1932 esa bfrgkl fo"k; ds lkFk ch-,- vkWulZ fd;kA rRi'pkr~ dqN le; iz/kkuk/;kid

jgus ds ckn fcgkj ljdkj esa *lc jftLVªkj* ds in ij jgsA bl in ij yxHkx 9 o"kZ rd jgs ,oa fcgkj

dh ihfM+r voLFkk dks le>kA vki fo'ofo|ky; ds O;k[;krk jgs rks dqyifr Hkh jgsA 1952 ls ckjg

o"kZ rd vki jkT; lHkk ds lnL; jgsA lu~ 1965 ls 1971 rd Hkkjr ljdkj ds fgUnh lykgdkj jgsA

fnudj ds dfo thou dk okLrfod izkjEHk lu~ 1935 esa gqvk tc *js.kqdk^ izdkf'kr gqbZA

budh vkjfEHkd jpuk,¡ vkReeaFku dh jpuk,¡ dgykrh gSaA dfo buesa Lo;a dks igpku dj u;k ekxZ

cukus dh dksf'k'k djrk gSA fnudjth dh i| jpukvksa esa *js.kqdk*] *gqadkj*] *jloUrh^] *uhy dqlqe*]

*dq#{ks=*] *jf'ejFkh*] *moZ'kh*] *}U}xhr*] *bfrgkl ds vk¡lw*] *lhih vkSj 'ka[k*] *uhe ds iÙks*] *u;s

lqHkkf"kr*] *vkRek dh vk¡[ksa*] *ckiw*] ^fnYyh*] îz.kHkax*] */kwi vkSj /kq¡vk*] *pØokr* vkSj *ij'kqjke dh

izrh{kk* vkfn izfl) jgh gSaA *}U}xhr^ #ckb;ksa dk laxzg gSA

i| ds vfrfjDr fnudj us x| esa Hkh mPp Lrjh; lkfgR; dh jpuk dh gSA muesa *laLd`fr ds

pkj v/;k;*] *feV~Vh dh vksj*] *dkO; dh Hkwfedk*] *iar] izlkn vkSj eSfFkyh'kj.k*] *gekjh lkaLd`frd

dgkuh* ,oa *'kq) dfork dh [kkst* vkfn izeq[k gSaA cky lkfgR; laxzg & 1- fepZ dk etk] 2- lwjt

dk C;kgA

fnudj ds dkO; esa ,d lkekftd psruk ges'kk fo|eku jgh gSA jk"Vªh; Hkkouk ftldk ewy

rŸo gSA jktuhfrd fo"k; budh dforkvksa esa Toyar :i ls jgs gSaA fnudj us i| ds vfrfjDr vU;

fo/kkvksa esa Hkh fy[kk gSA fnudj dh jpukvksa esa buds O;fDrRo dh Nki Li"V fn[krh gSA budh dfork,¡

ewyr% vkst vkSj rst dh dfork,¡ gSa] ftuesa lqIr vkSj dk;j O;fDr dks txkus dh {kerk gS tks eu esa

tks'k Hkj nsrh gSaA vU;k;h ,oa vR;kpkjh dk [kqyk fojks/k feyrk gSA vlekurk] HksnHkko ,oa 'kks"k.k ds

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(38)

f[kykQ j.kHksjh ctrh jgrh gSA bu lcds mijkar Hkh buds dkO; esa lkaLÑfrd fpUru euu dh izfØ;k

tkjh jgrh gSA fnudj vU;kf;;ksa ds nq'eu( rks nc dqpys ds ije fgrS"kh fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA bUgsa *Hkkjrh;

KkuihB iqjLdkj^] *lkfgR; vdkneh iqjLdkj^ ,oa in~eHkw"k.k ls Hkh lEekfur fd;k x;k gSA

bl ikB esa fnudj }kjk jfpr *dq#{ks=* dkO; dk *r`rh; lxZ* dk ladfyr va'k fy;k x;k gSA

*dq#{ks=^ esa dfo *egkHkkjr* egkdkO; ds ikSjkf.kd ik=ksa ds ek/;e ls ;q) ,oa 'kkfUr ds lEcU/k esa iz'u

mBkrk gSA ;gk¡ izLrqr *r`rh; lxZ* ds ladfyr va'k esa Hkh"e o ;qf/kf"Bj ds e/; laokn py jgk gSA

;qf/kf"Bj Lo;a dks nks"kh ekudj ;q) ls foeq[k gks jgs gSaA Hkh"e muls iz'uksÙkj ds ek/;e ls ;g crk jgs gSa

fd Ny] diV ,oa /kks[ks ls cukbZ xbZ 'kkfUr] 'kkfUr ugha gksrh gS cfYd ;g rks ;q) dh nch gqbZ fpUkxkjh

gSA lkFk gh ;g Hkh dgrs gSa fd ;q) dk vlyh nks"kh dkSu gksrk gS \ og tks fd vU;k; ds fo#) U;k;

gsrq gfFk;kj mBkrk gS ;k fQj og tks vU;k; vkSj rkdr ls Ñf=e 'kkfUr Fkksius dk iz;kl djrk gSA

Hkh"e rjg rjg ds rdksZa ls ;qf/kf"Bj dks le>krs gSaA ;gh dfork dk lans'k gS fd ;fn ge lgh gSa rks

vU;k; dk fojks/k ;q) rd tkdj dj ldrs gSaA ;|fi ;q) fua| gS ijUrq vU;k;iw.kZ 'kkfUr ls og Bhd

gSA

lej fua| gS /keZjkt] ij]

dgks] 'kkafr og D;k gS]

tks vuhfr ij fLFkr gksdj Hkh

cuh gqbZ ljyk gS \

lq[k le`f) dk foiqy dks"k

lafpr dj dy] cy] Ny ls]

fdlh {kqf/kr dk xzkl Nhu]

/ku ywV fdlh fucZy lsA

lc lesV] izgjh fcByk dj

dgrh dqN er cksyks]

'kfUr lq/kk cg jgh] u blesa

xjy ØkfUr dk ?kksyksA

fgyks Mqyks er] ân; jDr

viuk eq>dks ihus nks]

vpy jgs lkezkT; 'kkfUr dk]

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ikB ifjp; &

ewy ikB &

dq#{ks= ¼r`rh; lxZ dk ladfyr va'k½

(39)

ft;ks vkSj thus nksA

lp gS] lÙkk fleV&fleV

ftuds gkFkksa esa vk;h]

'kkfUrHkDr os lk/kq iq#"k

D;ksa pkgsa dHkh yM+kbZ \

lq[k dk lE;d~ :i foHkktu

tgk¡ uhfr ls] u; ls

laHko ugha( v'kkfUr nch gks

tgk¡ [kM~x ds Hk; ls]

tgk¡ ikyrs gksa vuhfr i)fr

dks lÙkk/kkjh]

tgk¡ lw=/kj gksa lekt ds

vU;k;h] vfopkjh(

uhfr;qDr izLrko lfU/k ds

tgk¡ u vknj ik;sa(

tgk¡ lR; dgus okyksa ds

lhl mrkjs tk;sa(

tgk¡ [kM~x cy ,dek=

vk/kkj cus 'kklu dk(

ncs Øks/k ls HkHkd jgk gks

ân; tgk¡ tu tu dk(

lgrs lgrs vu; tgk¡

ej jgk euqt dk eu gks(

le> dkiq#"k vius dks

f/kDdkj jgk tu tu gks(

vgadkj ds lkFk ?k`.kk dk

tgk¡ }U}gks tkjh(

Åij 'kkfUr] rykry esa

gks fNVd jgh fpuxkjh(

vkxkeh foLQksV dky ds

eq[k ij ned jgk gks(

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(40)

bafxr esa vaxkj foo'k

Hkkoksa ds ped jgk gks(

i<+dj Hkh ladsr ltx gksa

fdUrq] u lÙkk/kkjh(

nqeZfr vkSj vuy esa nsa

vkgqfr;k¡ ckjh ckjh(

dHkh u;s 'kks"k.k ls] dHkh

mis{kk] dHkh neu ls]

viekuksa ls dHkh] dHkh

'kj os/kd O;aX;&opu lsA

ncs gq, vkosx ogk¡ ;fn

mcy fdlh fnu QwVsa]

la;e NksM+] dky cu ekuo

vU;k;h ij VwVsa(

dgks dkSu nk;h gksxk

ml nk#.k txÌgu dk

vgadkj ;k ?k`.kk \ dkSu

nks"kh gksxk ml j.k dk \

rqe fo"k..k gks le>

gqvk txnkg rqEgkjs dj lsA

lkspks rks] D;k vfXu lej dh

cjlh Fkh vEcj ls \

vFkok vdLekr~ feV~Vh ls

QwVh Fkh ;g Tokyk \

;k ea=ksa ds cy ls tueh

Fkh ;g f'k[kk djkyk \

dq#{ks= ds iwoZ ugha D;k

lej yxk Fkk pyus \

izfrfgalk dk nhi Hk;kud

ân; ân; esa cyus \

'kkfUr [kksydj [kM~x ØkfUr dk

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(41)

tc otZu djrh gS]

rHkh tku yks] fdlh lej dk

og ltZu djrh gSA

'kkfUr ugha rc rd] tc rd

lq[k Hkkx u uj dk le gks]

ugha fdlh dks cgqr vf/kd gks]

ugha fdlh dks de gksA

,slh 'kkfUr jkT; djrh gS

ru ij ugha] ân; ij]

uj ds Å¡ps fo'oklksa ij]

J)k] HkfDr] iz.k; ijA

U;k; 'kkfUr dk izFke U;kl gS]

tc rd U;k; u vkrk]

tSlk Hkh gks] egy 'kkfUr dk

lqn`<+ ugha jg ikrkA

Ñf=e 'kkafr l'kad vki

vius ls gh Mjrh gS]

[kM~x NksM+ fo'okl fdlh dk

dHkh ugha djrh gSA

vkSj ftUgsa bl 'kkfUr O;oLFkk

esa lq[k Hkksx lqyHk gS]

muds fy, 'kkfUr gh thou&

lkj] flf) nqyZHk gSA

ij ftudh vfLFk;k¡ pckdj]

'kksf.kr ihdj ru dk]

thrh gS ;g 'kkfUr] nkg

le>ks dqN muds eu dkA

LoRo ek¡xus ls u feys]

la?kkr iki gks tk;sa]

cksyks /keZjkt] 'kksf"kr os

ft;sa ;k fd feV tk;sa \

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(42)

U;k;ksfpr vf/kdkj ek¡xus

ls u feys] rks yM+ ds]

rstLoh Nhurs lej dks

thr] ;k fd [kqn ejdsA

fdlus dgk] iki gS leqfpr

LoRo izkfIr fgr yM+uk \

mBk U;k; dk [kM~x lej esa

vHk; ekjuk ejuk\

{kek] n;k] ri] rst] eukscy

dh ns o`Fkk nqgkbZ]

/keZjkt O;aftr djrs rqe

ekuo dh dnjkbZA

fgalk dk vk?kkr riL;k us

dc] dgk¡ lgk gS\

nsoksa dk ny lnk nkuoksa

ls gkjrk jgk gSA

eu%'kfDr I;kjh Fkh rqedks

;fn ikS#"k Toyu ls]

yksHk fd;k D;ksa Hkjr jkT; dk\

fQj vk;s D;ksa ou ls \

fi;k Hkhe us fo"k] yk{kkx`g

tyk] gq, ouoklh]

ds'kdf"kZrk fiz;k lHkk lEeq[k

dgyk;h nklhA

{kek] n;k] ri] R;kx] eukscy]

lcdk fy;k lgkjk(

ij uj O;k?kz lq;ks/ku rqels

dgks] dgk¡ dc gkjk\

{kek'khy gks fjiq le{k

rqe gq, four ftruk gh]

nq"V dkSjoksa us rqedks

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(43)

dk;j le>k mruk ghA

vR;kpkj lgu djus dk

dqQy ;gh gksrk gS]

ikS#"k dk vkrad euqt

dksey gksdj [kksrk gSA

{kek 'kksHkrh ml Hkqtax dks]

ftlds ikl xjy gksA

mldks D;k] tks nUrghu]

fo"kjfgr] fouhr] ljy gks \

rhu fnol rd iUFk ek¡xrs

j?kqifr flU/kq fdukjs]

cSBs i<+rs jgs NUn

vuqu; ds I;kjs I;kjsA

mÙkj esa tc ,d ukn Hkh

mBk ugha lkxj ls]

mBh v/khj /k/kd ikS#"k dh

vkx jke ds 'kj lsA

flU/kq nsg /kj *=kfg =kfg*

djrk vk fxjk 'kj.k esa]

pj.k iwt] nklrk xzg.k dh]

c¡?kk ew<+ cU/ku esaA

lp iwNks] rks 'kj esa gh

clrh gS nhfIr fou; dh]

lfU/k opu laiwT; mlh dk

ftlesa 'kfDr fot; dhA

lgu'khyrk] {kek] n;k dks

rHkh iwtrk tx gS]

cy dk niZ pedrk mlds

ihNs tc txex gSA

tgk¡ ugha lkeF;Z 'kks/k dh]

{kek ogk¡ fu"Qy gSA

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(44)

xjy&?k¡wV ih tkus dk

fel gS] ok.kh dk Ny gSA

ÛÛÛ

lej & ;q)@ foiqy & vxk/k] vf/kd@ dy & ;a=@ izgjh & igjsnkj@ xjy & fo"k]

tgj@ u; & uhfriwoZd] U;k;iwoZd@ lw=/kj & fu;af=r djus okyk@ vu; & vU;k;@ bafxr &

ladsr] b'kkjk] eu dk Hkko@ 'kj & os/kd] ck.k@ txÌgu & lalkj dh vkx@ cyus & tyus@ ltZu

& jpuk] mRiknu] tUe nsuk] uo fuekZ.k@ U;kl & /kjksgj] Fkkrh] fdlh dks fo'okliwoZd lkSaih xbZ

Fkkrh@ lkj & rÙo] fu"d"kZ] rkRi;Z] fdlh inkFkZ dk ewy Hkkx@ 'kksf.kr & [kwu] jDr] #f/kj]

jDr o.kZ@ o`Fkk & O;FkZ] csdkj] fujFkZd] ew[kZrkiw.kZ@ dnjkbZ & dk;jrk] dk;jiu@ yk{kkx`g & yk[k

ls cuk ?kj@ uj&O;k?kz & uj :ih ck?k@ Hkqtax & lk¡i@ flU/kq & lkxj] leqnz@ nhfIr & ped]

NVk] izdk'k] dk¡fr] izHkk] |qfrA fua| & fuanuh;] fuank ;ksX;@dks"k & [ktkuk@ {kqf/kr & Hkw[kk@ lq/kk

& ve`r@ lE;d~ & Bhd] mfpr] leku@ [kM~x & ryokj@ HkHkd & HkM+d tkuk] HkHkdus dh

voLFkk@ rykry & uhsp&uhps] lkr ikrky yksdksa esa ls ,d@ nqxZfr & nqnZ'kk] dqifjfLFkfr@

vkosx & izcy euksosx@ f'k[kk djkyk & Hk;kud@ vfXu Tokyk@ otZu & fu"k s / k ] eukgh ]

R;kx@ iz.k; & izse] I;kj] vuqjkx@ lqyHk & lgt] lqxe] vklkuh ls izkIr gksus okyk@ flf) &

fuiq.krk] n{krk] dk;Z iwjk gksuk] lEiUurk@ la?kkr & vk?kkr] VDdj] gR;k@ O;aftr & ftldh

O;atuk dh xbZ gks] ladsfrr@ ikS#"k & lkgl] 'kkS;Z] iq#"kkFkZ@ ds'kdf"kZrk & ftlds cky [khaps x;s gksa]

nzkSinh@ fjiq & 'k=q] nq'eu@ ukn & /ofu] vkokt] xaHkhj /ofu@ =kfg&=kfg & vkrZukn] phRdkj]

j{kk ds fy, iqdkjukA

1- ^dq#{ks=* dkO; ds vuqlkj 'kkfUr dk izFke U;kl gS \

¼d½ vU;k; ¼[k½ U;k;

¼x½ }s"k ¼?k½ bZ";kZ ¼ ½

2- dfo us uj O;k?kz fdls dgk gS \

¼d½ d.kZ dks ¼[k½ Hkhe dks

¼x½ nq;ksZ/ku ¼lq;ks/ku½ dks ¼?k½ vtqZu dks ¼ ½

3- jke rhu fnu rd lkxj ls D;k ek¡xrs jgs \

¼d½ vukt ¼[k½ jkLrk

¼x½ diM+s ¼?k½ gfFk;kj ¼ ½

1- yksx fdl Hkqtax ls Mjrs gSa \

'kCnkFkZ &

oLrqfu"B iz'u &


-

2- fou; dh nhfIr fdlesa clrh gS \

3- lfg".kqrk fdlds fy, vfHk'kki gS \

4- vkt dh Ñf=e 'kkfUr fdldh j[kokyh djrh gS \

5- okLro esa ;q) djus ds fy, nks"kh dkSu gS \

1- Ñf=e 'kkafr fdlls Mjrh gS vkSj D;ksa \

2- U;k;ksfpr vf/kdkj ;fn ek¡xus ls u feys rks ohj yksx D;k djrs gSa \

3- vR;kpkj lgu djus dk dqQy D;k gksrk gS \

4- {kek fdl iq#"k dks 'kksHkrh gS \

5- *Hk; fcuq gks; u izhfr^ rqylh dh bu iafDr;ksa ds led{k ikB esa vkbZ iafDr;ksa dks pqfu,A

1- fcuk 'kfDr ds {kek'khy gksus ds D;k ifj.kke gksrs gSa \ ikB ds vk/kkj ij foospuk dhft,A

2- ikB ds vk/kkj ij 'kkfUr vkSj ;q) ij vius fopkj Li"V dhft,A

3- fuEufyf[kr i|ka'kksa dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft,&

¼d½ lp gS lÙkk fleV ------------------------------------------------- [kM~x ds Hk; ls]

¼[k½ 'kkfUr ugha rc rd ---------------------------------------------------------- J)k] HkfDr] iz.k; ijA

¼x½ LoRo ek¡xus ls u -------------------------------------------------;k fd [kqn ejdsA

¼?k½ {kek 'kksHkrh ml Hkqtax --------------------------------------------------vuqu; I;kjs I;kjsA

ÛÛÛ

y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u &

fuca/kkRed iz'u &

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(45)

(46)

11- lqfe=kuUnu iar

dfo ifjp; &

dfo lqfe=kuUnu iar dk tUe mÙkjk[k.M ds ftyk vYeksM+k ds xk¡o dkSlkuh esa gqvkA tUe ds

N% ?k.Vs ckn gh ekrk dk fu/ku gks x;kA budk izkjfEHkd uke xqlkbZnÙk j[kk x;kA izkjfEHkd f'k{kk

vYeksM+k esa gqbZA 1918 esa e¡>ys HkkbZ ds lkFk dk'kh vkdj Dohal dkWyst ls ek/;fed ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ dhA

rRi'pkr~ vki bykgkckn vk x,A ckn esa bUgksaus viuk uke lqfe=kuUnu iar j[k fy;kA 1921 esa

vlg;ksx vkanksyu ,oa egkRek xka/kh ds izHkko ls egkfo|ky; NksM+ fn;k vkSj ?kj ij gh fgUnh] laLÑr]

v¡xzsth vkSj caxyk dk v/;;u djus yxsA bUgksaus bykgkckn vkdk'kok.kh esa 'kq:vkrh fnuksa esa

lykgdkj ds :i esa Hkh dk;Z fd;kA vYeksM+k dh izkÑfrd lq"kek cpiu ls gh iarth dks izHkkfor djrh

jgh] ftldk izHkko mu ij thouHkj jgkA

pkSFkh d{kk ls gh iarth us dfork fy[kuk izkjEHk dj fn;k FkkA 1916 esa fy[kh ^fxjts dk

?k.Vk* 'kh"kZd dfork mudh izFke dfork ekuh tkrh gSA dfo dh jpuk ;k=k dks pkj pj.kksa esa ck¡Vk tk

ldrk gSA izFke pj.k & ̂mPN~okl* ls ysdj ̂xqatu* rd dh dfork] Hkko ,oa lkSUn;Z psruk ls Hkjiwj

gSaA xqatu dky dh jpukvksa esa thou fodkl ds lR; ij iar dk vVy fo'okl >ydrk gSA izeq[k

laxzg *mPN~okl^ ¼1920 bZå½] *xzfUFk^ ¼1920bZå½] *oh.kk^ ¼1927 bZå½] *iYyo^ ¼1928 bZå½] vkSj *xqatu^

¼1932 bZå½ gSaA

f}rh; pj.k & blesa dfo dh dfork,¡ uohu thou rFkk ;qx ifjorZu dh /kkj.kk dks

lkekftd :i nsus dh dksf'k'k djrh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA dforkvksa ij izxfrokn ,oa ekDlZokn dk izHkko

fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bl pj.k dh Ñfr;k¡ gSa & ¼1½ *;qxkUr^ 1936 ¼2½ *;qxok.kh^ 1939 ¼3½ *xzkE;k^ 1940A

blh nkSjku vkius ̂:ikHk* uked i= dk Hkh lEiknu fd;kA

rhljk&pj.k & iar tSls Hkkoqd eu dfo vf/kd le; rd izxfrokn vkSj ekDlZokn dh

dBksj /kkjk esa ugha jg ldsA os iqu% viuh ewy /kkjk ds dkO; dh jpuk djus yxsA r`rh; pj.k dh

jpukvksa esa *Lo.kZ fdj.k*] *Lo.kZ /kwfy*] *;qxiFk*] *vfrek*] ̂mÙkjk* vkfn 'kkfey gSaA

pkSFkk&pj.k & ̂dyk vkSj cw<+k pk¡n* ls ysdj *yksdk;ru* rd pkSFks pj.k esa mudh psruk

ekuorkokn dh rjQ izo`Ÿk gqbZA ;gk¡ dfo O;fDr vkSj lekt ds e/; lkeatL; LFkkfir dj yksd eaxy

dh dkeuk j[krk gSA ̂fpnEcjk* esa budh dforkvksa dk ladyu gSA

bl izdkj ls ge ns[krs gSa fd dfo jpukvksa ds fodkl Øe esa fopkjksa ds fo"k; esa ifjorZu'khy

jgs gSaA ;gk¡ fujkyk vkSj iar esa vUrj Li"V fn[krk gS fd fujkyk dk ifjorZu tgk¡ ,d fn'kk fo'ks"k dh

rjQ vxzlj gksrk jgrk gS ogha iar ds ifjorZu esa ,d vfLFkjrk ,oa vfuf'prrk gSA dqN Hkh gks iar ,d

izd`fr ds fprsjs dfo jgs gSaA mUgksaus Hkkjrh; dkO; txr esa c¡/kh&c¡/kkbZ yhd ls gVdj mls ,d ubZ

fn'kk iznku dh gSA iar dh dforkvksa esa fuEufyf[kr fo'ks"krk,¡ n`f"Vxkspj gksrh gSa & izd`fr ,oa lkSUn;Z

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(47)

ls vfHkHkwr dj nsus okys fp=A jpukvksa esa loZizFke dyk mlds mijkUr fopkj ,oa vUr esa Hkkoksa dk

LFkku jgrk gSA f'kYi dks vf/kd egRo fn;k gSA vyad`r ,oa fp=e;h Hkk"kk dk iz;ksxA nwljs pj.k dh

dfork esa izxfroknh izHkkoA muds dkO; esa fo"k; ,oa 'kSyhxr xfr'khyrk fo|eku jgh gSaA HkkSfrdokn

o v/;kReokn ds leUo; dk iz;klA :iksa ,oa izrhdksa dk iz;ksxA

iarth dks dbZ iqjLdkjksa ls lEekfur fd;k x;k gS] ;Fkk & in~eHkw"k.k ¼1961½] KkuihB ¼1968½]

lkfgR; vdkneh rFkk lksfo;r yS.M usg: iqjLdkjA

bl v/;k; esa dfo iar dh nks dforkvksa dks fy;k x;k gSA izFke dfork *Hkkjr ekrk* *xzkE;*

uked dfork laaxzg ls yh xbZ gSA blesa Lora=rk ls iwoZ ds xzkeh.k thou dk ;FkkFkZ fp=.k gSA xzkeh.k

thou nfjnzrk ds vfHk'kki ls xzLr gSA dfo us izrhd :i esa Hkkjrekrk dks xzkeokfluh crkdj Hkkjr

dh nqnZ'kk dk o.kZu fd;k gSA ijUrq dfo fujk'k u gksdj vk'kk ls Hkjiwj jgrk gSA

nwljh dfork ̂ /kjrh fdruk nsrh gS* iar ds HkkX;oknh n'kZu ij vk/kkfjr gSA blesa dfo Li"V

:i ls dgrk gS fd tSlk deZ gksxk oSlk gh Qy izkIr gksxkA vr% O;fDr dks LokFkZ ,oa yksHk ds o'khHkwr

gksdj dksbZ ,slk dk;Z ugha djuk pkfg, ftldk ifj.kke vPNk u gksA

Hkkjr ekrk

xzkeokfluh!

[ksrksa esa QSyk gS ';key]

/kwy Hkjk eSyk lk vk¡py]

xaxk ;equk esa vk¡lw ty]

feV~Vh dh izfrek

mnkfluh!

nSU; tfM+r viyd ur fprou]

v/kjksa esa fpj uhjo jksnu]

;qx&;qx ds re ls fo"k..k eu]

og vius ?kj esa

izokfluh!

rhl dksfV larku uXu ru]

v/kZ {kqf/kr] 'kksf"kr] fujL= tu]

ew<+] vlH;] vf'kf{kr] fu/kZu]

ikB ifjp; &

ewy ikB &

Hkkjr ekrk

(48)

ur&eLrd

r# ry fuokfluh!

Lo.kZ 'kL; ij inry yaqfBr]

/kjrh lk lfg".kq eu dqafBr]

Øanu dafir v/kj ekSu fLer]

jkgq xzflr

'kjnsUnq gkfluh!

fpafrr Hk`dqfV f{kfrt frfejkafdr]

ufer u;u uHk ok"ikPNkfnr]

vkuu Jh Nk;k 'kf'k mifer]

Kku ew<+

xhrk izdkf'kuh!

lQy vkt mldk ri la;e]

fiyk vafglk LrU; lq/kksie]

gjrh tu eu Hk;] Hko re Je]

tx tuuh

thou fodkfluh!

Hkkjrekrk

xzkeokfluhA

vk%] /kjrh fdruk nsrh gSA

eSaus NqViu esa fNidj iSls cks, Fks]

lkspk Fkk iSlksa ds I;kjs isM+ mxsaxs]

#i;ksa dh dynkj e/kqj Qlysa [kudsaxh]

vkSj Qwy Qydj eSa eksVk lsB cuw¡xkA

ij catj /kjrh esa ,d u vadqj QwVk]

ca/;k feV~Vh us u ,d Hkh iSlk mxykA

lius tkus dgk¡ feVs] dc /kwy gks x,A

eSa grk'k gks] ckV tksgrk jgk fnuksa rd]

cky dYiuk ds viyd ik¡oM+s fcNkdjA

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/kjrh fdruk nsrh gS

(49)

eSa vcks/k Fkk] eSaus xyr cht cks;s Fks]

eerk dks jksik Fkk] r`".kk dks lhapk FkkA

v/kZ'krh ggjkrh fudy xbZ rc ls]

fdrus gh e/kq ir>j chr x, vutkus]

xzh"e ris] o"kkZ Qwyh] 'kjnsa eqldkbZa]

lh lh dj gseUr d¡is] r# >js f[kys ou]

vkS] tc fQj ls xk<+h Ånh ykylk fy,]

xgjs dtjkjs ckny cjls /kjrh ij]

eSaus dksrwgyo'k vk¡xu ds dksus dh

xhyh rg esa ;ksa gh m¡xyh ls lgykdj]

cht lse ds nck fn;s feV~Vh ds uhpsA

Hkw ds vapy esa ef.k ekf.kd ck¡/k fn, gksaA

eSa fQj Hkwy x;k bl NksVh lh ?kVuk dks]

vkSj ckr Hkh D;k Fkh ;kn ftls j[krk eu!

fdUrq] ,d fnu tc eSa la/;k dks vk¡xu esa

Vgy jgk Fkk]& rc lglk eSaus tks ns[kkA

mlls g"kZ&foew<+ gks mBk eSa foLe; ls!

ns[kk vk¡xu ds dksus esa dbZ uokxr

NksVk NksVk Nkrk rkus [kM+s gq, gSaA

Nkrk dgw¡ fd fot;&irkdk,¡ thou dh]

;k gFksfy;k¡] [kksys Fks os uUgha I;kjh&

tks Hkh gks] os gjs gjs mYykl ls Hkjs

ia[k ekj dj mM+us dks mRlqd yxrs Fks

fMEc rksM+dj fudys fpfM+;ksa ds cPpksa ls!

fufuZes"k] {k.k Hkj eSa mudks jgk ns[krk&

lglk eq>s Lej.k gks vk;k dqN fnu igys

cht lse ds jksis Fks eSaus vk¡xu esa]

vkSj mUgha ls CkkSus ikS/kksa dh ;g iyVu

esjh vk¡[kksa ds lEeq[k vc [kM+h xoZ ls

uUgsa ukVs iSj iVd] c<+rh tkrh gSA

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(50)

rc eSa mudks jgk ns[krk] /khjs /khjsA

vufxur iÙkksa ls yn] Hkj xbZa >kfM+;k¡]

gjs Hkjs V¡x x, dbZ e[keyh p¡nksosA

csysa QSy xbZa cy [kk vk¡xu esa ygjk]

vkSj lgkjk ysdj ckM+s lh VV~Vh dk

gjs gjs lkS >jus QwV iM+s Åij dksA

eSa vokd~ jg x;k& oa'k dSls c<+rk gS!

NksVs] rkjksa ls fNrjs] Qwyksa ds NhaVs

>kxksa ls fyiVs ygjh ';key yrjksa ij

lqUnj yxrs Fks] ekol ds g¡leq[k uHk ls

pksVh ds eksrh ls] vk¡py ds cwVksa ls]

vksg] le; ij muesa fdruh Qfy;k¡ VwVhaA

fdruh lkjh Qfy;k¡] fdruh I;kjh Qfy;k¡&

iryh pkSM+h dfy;k¡] mQ mudh D;k fxurh!

yEch yEch vaxqfy;ksa lh] uUgha uUgha

ryokjksa lh] iUus ds I;kjs gkjksa lh]

>wB u le>sa] pUnzdykvksa lh fur c<+rha]

lPps eksrh dh yfM+;ksa lh] <sj <sj f[ky

>q.M >q.M f>yfey dj dpifp;k rkjksa lh]

vk%] bruh Qfy;k¡ VwVha] tkM+ksa Hkj [kkbZa]

lqcks 'kke os ?kj ?kj idha] iM+ksl ikl ds

tkus vutkus lc yksxksa esa c¡VokbZ]

ca/kq cka/koksa] fe=ksa] vH;kxr e¡xrksa us]

th Hkj Hkj fnu jkr eqgYys Hkj us [kkbZaA

fdruh lkjh Qfy;k¡] fdruh lkjh Qfy;k¡A

;g /kjrh fdruk nsrh gS] /kjrh ekrk

fdruk nsrh gS vius I;kjs iq=ksa dks!

ugha le> ik;k Fkk eSa mlds egRo dks]

cpiu esa fut LokFkZ yksHko'k iSls cksdjA

jRu izlfouh gS olq/kk vc le> ldk gw¡A

blesa lPph eerk ds nkus cksus gSa

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(51)

blesa tu dh {kerk ds nkus cksus gSa

blesa ekuork eerk ds nkus cksus gSa

ftlls mxy lds fQj /kwfy lqugjh QlysaA

ekuork ds thou Je ls g¡lsa fn'kk,¡A

ge tSlk cks;saxs oSlk gh ik;saxsA

';key & dkyk@ feêh dh izfrek & nfjnzrk dh ewfrZ@ ur&fprou & >qdh gqbZ n`f"V@

jksnu & jksuk@ fo"k..k & nq%[kh] 'kksdeXu@ dksfV & djksM+@ v/kZ {kqf/kr & vk/ks Hkw[ks@ ur&eLrd

& >qds gq, flj okyk@ Lo.kZ 'kL; & lksus ds leku ewY;oku@ inry yqafBr & iSjksa ds uhps yq<+dk

gqvk@ Øanu & foyki] jksuk@ fLer & eqLdjkgV] eqLdku@ 'kjnsUnq & 'kjn _rq dk pUnzek@

f{kfrt & tgk¡ /kjrh vkSj vkdk'k ds feyus dk vkHkkl gksrk gS] ns[kus dh lhek@ frfej & va/kdkj]

fujk'kk@ Hk`dqfV & HkkSags] HkkSa@ mifer & rqyuk fd;k gqvk@ lq/kksie & ve`r tSlk@ vk¡lw ty

& d#.kk ds vk¡lw@ mnkfluh &nqf[k;k@ uhjo & ewd] pqipki] 'kkar@ re & va/kdkj@

izokfluh & ns'k ls ckgj jgus okyh@ ¼;gk¡ vFkZ & fcuk vf/kdkj okyh gksxk½@ fujL= & 'kL= jfgr]

fugRFks@ ew<+ & vKkuh@ r#ry & isM+ksa ds uhps@ ij & nwljk@ dqafBr & fujk'k@ v/kj &

gksB@ jkgqxzflr & fons'kh 'kkldksa ds v/khu@ gkfluh & dkafr] pk¡nuh] jks'kuh@ ok"ikPNkfnr &

Hkki ls <ds gq,] vJq;qDr@ vkuu & eq[k] psgjk@ Hko & lalkj@ gjrh & nwj djrh] feVkrhA

dynkj & e'khu ls <yk gqvk flDdk] #i;k@ Qwy Qydj & fodflr gksdj@ vadqj &

cht ls fudyrk u;k ikS/kk@ grk'k & fujk'k] ftldh vk'kk u"V gks xbZ gks]

nq%[kh@vcks/k&ukle>@ggjkrh & Mjrh gqbZ] [kq'khiwoZd] mRlkgiwoZd@ 'kjnsa & ,d _rq dk uke

tks Dokj ls dkfrZd eghus rd jgrh gS@ Ånh & dkyk&cSaxuh jax@ dksrwgyo'k & mRlqdrk ds

dkj.k@ ef.k&ekf.kd & cgqewY; jRu@ foLe; & vk'p;Z] vpEHkk@ fMEc & v.Mk@ iyVu &

QkSt] lSfudksa dk lewg@ p¡nksos & NksVs 'kkfe;kus] NksVs rEcw@ >jus & ioZr vkfn ls uhps fxjrh

ty/kkjk@ yrjksa & csyksa] yrkvksa@ dpifp;k & iwoZ dh vksj fn[kkbZ nsus okys d`frdk u{k= ds rkjksa

dk lewg@izlfouh & tUe nsus okyh] mRiUu djus okyh@ vH;kxr & vfrfFk] esgeku@ [kudsaxh &

#i;ksa dh vkokt vk,xh@ catj & ,slh /kjrh ftl ij dqN Hkh iSnk u gks@ ca/;k & ,slh L=h ;k

xk; ftlds cPps u gksrs gksa] ck¡>@ ik¡oM+s & vknj.kh; O;fDr ds lEeku gsrq iSjksa ds uhps fcNk;k

tkus okyk diM+k] ik;anku@ v)Z'krh & vk/kh 'krkCnh] vk/kk thou@ e/kq & clUr _rq@ gseUr &

,d _rq tks ekxZ'kh"kZ vkSj ikS"k eghus esa iM+rh gS@ dtjkjs & dkty yxs gq,] dkys] dkty

tSls@ lse & ,d Qyh tks lCth ds dke vkrh gS@ g"kZ&foew<+ & [kq'kh ls cslq/k@ irkdk,¡ & >.Ms]

/ot@ fufuZes"k & viyd ns[kuk] VdVdh yxkdj@ >kfM+;k¡ & daVhys ikS/kksa dk lewg@ ckM+s lh

'kCnkFkZ &

Hkkjrekrk &

/kjrh fdruk nsrh gS &

(52)

V~VVh & csy p<+kus gsrq dke vkus okyh ckM+ ;k nhokj@ vokd~ & LrC/k] vk'p;Z pfdr gksuk] ftlesa

eq[k ls vkokt u fudys@ iUus & gjs jax ds izfl) jRu@ eerk & ek¡ dk larku ds izfr I;kj ;k LusgA

1- Hkkjrekrk gS&

¼d½ xzke okfluh ¼[k½ uxj okfluh

¼x½ ikrky okfluh ¼?k½ egy okfluh ¼ ½

2- dfork fy[krs le; Hkkjrekrk dh larkuksa dh la[;k fdruh Fkh&

¼d½ 20 djksM+ ¼[k½ 30 djksM+

¼x½ 40 djksM+ ¼?k½ 120 djksM+ ¼ ½

1- dfork esa Hkkjrekrk dk vk¡py dSlk fn[krk gS \

2- Hkkjrekrk dks fdldh izdkf'kuh crk;k x;k gS \

3- ^/kjrh fdruk nsrh gS* esa dfo us cpiu esa D;k cks, Fks \

4- Åij c<+rh csyksa dh rqyuk ys[kd us fdlls dh gS \

5- u, mxs lse ds ikS/ks dfo dks dSls yxs \

&

1- iSls cks dj dfo us D;k dYiuk dh \

2- xzkeokfluh Hkkjrekrk fdl gkyr esa fn[krh gS \

3- Hkkjrekrk dk la;e fdl izdkj ls lQy jgk \

4- dfo us lse dh Qfy;k¡ fdl fdl dks ck¡Vh \

5- dfo yksHko'k D;k ugha le> ik;k Fkk \

1- Hkkjrekrk dh fLFkfr dfork esa dSlh gS \ rFkk D;ksa gS \

2- iSls ,oa lse dh fctkbZ ds ek/;e ls dfo dfork esa D;k lans'k nsuk pkgrs gSa \

3- iarth ds jpuk deZ ij izdk'k Mkfy,A

4- fuEufyf[kr i|ka'kksa dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft,&

¼d½ rhl dksfV ------------------------------------------------------------------- 'kjnsUnqgkfluh \

¼[k½ lQy vkt ---------------------------------------------------------------- thoufodkfluhA

¼x½ ij catj /kjrh ------------------------------------------------------- r`".kk dks lhapk FkkA

¼?k½ ;g /kjrh fdruk -------------------------------------------------- vc le> ldk gw¡A

ÛÛÛ

oLrqfu"B iz'u &


y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u

fuca/kkRed iz'u &

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(53)

12- ujs'k esgrk

dfo ifjp; &

ikB ifjp; &

ujs'k esgrk dk tUe 15 Qjojh lu~ 1922 bZ- esa e/;izns'k ds ekyok {ks= ds 'kktkiqj dLcs esa

gqvkA vkidh f'k{kk ek/ko dkWyst] mTtSu esa gqbZA LukrdksÙkj mikf/k fgUnh fo"k; ds lkFk cukjl fgUnw

fo'ofo|ky; ls izkIr dhA lu~ 1942 esa *Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu^ esa lfØ; :i ls Hkkx fy;kA jsfM;ks

bykgkckn esa vki dk;ZØe vf/kdkjh Hkh jgsA vKs; }kjk lEikfnr ̂nwljs rkj lIrd* ds dfo ds :i eas

vki izfrf"Br gq,A lu~ 2000 esa vkidk fu/ku gks x;kA

ujs'k esgrk ,d ,sls dfo jgs gSa( ftUgksaus vius dfoRo dks lnSo eroknh ladh.kZrk ls cpk,

j[kk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd mudh dfork,¡ vk/kqfud gksrs gq, Hkh vk/kqfudrk dk f<a<ksjk ihVrs utj ugha

vkrhA buds }kjk jfpr dkO; laxzg *pSR;k*] *izokn ioZ*] *vj.;k*] *iq#"k* vkfn gSaA blds vykok Hkh

vkidh vusd dkO; jpuk,¡ gSaA muesa ls izeq[k dkO; Ñfr;k¡ & *cuika[kh lquks*] *cksyus nks phM+ dks*]

*esjk lefiZr ,dkar*] *mRlok*] *rqe esjk ekSu gks*] *la'k; dh ,d jkr*] *egkizLFkku* rFkk *'kcjh* vkfn

gSaA

i| ds lkFk lkFk vkius egÙoiw.kZ x| jpuk,¡ Hkh dh gSaA buds izeq[k miU;klksa esa *;g iFk ca/kq

Fkk*] */kwedsrq ,d Jqfr*] *unh ;'kLoh gS*] *nks ,dkar*] *izFke QkYxqu*] *Mwcrs eLrwy* rFkk *mÙkj dFkk*

vkfn gSaA bu miU;klksa ds vykok nks dgkuh laxzg vkSj nks ,dkadh laxzg Hkh izdkf'kr gq, gSaA

budh dfork,¡ ljyrk ,oa ljlrk fy, gksrh gSaA ljy] lh/ks fcEcksa dk iz;ksx rFkk

ekuohdj.k] miek] :id vkSj mRizs{kk vkfn vyadkjksa dh NVk buds dkO; esa n'kZuh; gSA jkxkRedrk]

laosnuk ,oa mnkÙkrk vkfn ltZuk ds ewy rŸoksa dk iz;ksx budh dforkvksa dh fo'ks"krk,¡ gSaA budh

dforkvksa esa laLÑrfu"B Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx ;Fkk LFkku feyrk gSA

bankSj ls izdkf'kr gksus okys nSfud *pkSFkk lalkj* dk laiknu Hkh esgrk th }kjk fd;k x;kA

lkfgR; vdkneh }kjk bUgsa lu~ 1988 esa iqjLÑr fd;k x;kA bUgsaa KkuihB iqjLdkj Hkh lu~ 1992 esa

fn;k x;kA

bl v/;k; esa ujs'k esgrk dh rhu NksVh NksVh dfork,¡ yh xbZ gSaA *fdj.k /ksuq,¡^ dfork esa

dfo izkÑfrd lkSUn;Z dks vykSfddrk ls nwj gVk dj tu thou ls tksM+rk gSA Nk;kokn ds dYiuk

yksd ls fudydj yksxksa ds lkekU; thou ds ;FkkFkZ dk fp= [khaprk gSA izLrqr dfork esa lw;ksZn; ds

izkÑfrd lkSUn;Z esa lqugjh fdj.ksa xk; dh] lw;Z Xokys dk] izkr%dkyhu ckny xk;ksa ds eq[k ls Vidrs

Qsu ds izrhd gSaA dfo dh dfork dk mn~ns'; LoIuyksd ls fudy okLrfod txr~ ls ifjp; djkuk

gSA

nwljh dfork *foMEcuk^ esa ekuo eu dk rkfdZd vkSj oLrqfu"B fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k gSA

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(54)

fryLeh i{kh ds izrhd ds ek/;e ls dfo ;g crkuk pkgrk gS fd ge ;FkkFkZ esa jgrs gq, oSKkfud

n`f"Vdks.k ds lkFk lR; rd igq¡pasA ;fn Hkze dh fLFkfr esa jgrs gq, xyr rdksZa ds lgkjs dksbZ fu"d"kZ

fudkyrs gSa rks og ekuo ds fgr esa ugha gksxk ,oa lR; dHkh Hkh lkeus ugha vk,xkA

rhljh dfork *,d cks/k^ esa dfo vk/kqfudrk vkSj izkphu laLdkjksa ds chp vfu.kZ; dh

fLFkfr cgqr vPNh rjg izLrqr djrk gSA bl e'khuh ;qx ls izkphu ijEijkvksa ,oa laLdkjksa ;qDr ekuo

tc tqM+us dh dksf'k'k djrk gS rks og dqN NwVk dqN VwVk gqvk eglwl djrk gSA mls v/kwjsiu dk

vglkl gksrk gSA ;g ekuo ds fy, ,d Hk;kog leL;k gS fd ekuo bl rFkkdfFkr vk/kqfudrk dks

viukus ds Qsj esa dgha chp jkLrs esa gh HkVd dj viuk vfLrRo u [kks nsA

mn;kpy ls fdju /ksuq,¡

gk¡d yk jgk

og izHkkr dk XokykA

iw¡N mBk;s pyh vk jgh

f{kfrt taxyksa ls Vksyh

fn[kk jgs iFk bl Hkw ek dk

lkjl lquk lquk cksyh

fxjrk tkrk Qsu eq[kksa ls

uHk esa ckny cu frjrk

fdju /ksuqvksa dk lewg ;g

vk;k va/kdkj pjrkA

uHk dh vkezNk¡g esa cSBk

ctk jgk oa'kh j[kokykA

Xokfyu lh ys nwc e/kqj

olq/kk g¡l g¡ldj xys feyh

pedk vius vius Lo.kZ lhax os

vc 'kSyksa ls mrj pyha

cjl jgk vkyksd nw/k gS

[ksrksa [kfygkuksa esa

thou dh uo fdju QwVrh

ewy ikB &

fdju-/ksuq,¡

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(55)

edbZ ds /kkuksa esa

lfjrkvksa esa lkse nqg jgk

og vghj erokykA

lR; dh 'kks/k esa

eSaus ml fnu vius lEikrh dks Hkstk

lw;Z vksj

vkSj og tkus fdu vkdk'kksa ls

VwVdj ykSV vk;kA

mls fous= ns[k

eSaus dgk

lR; vkXus; gSA

mls >qyls ns[k

eSaus dgk

lR; rstl gSA

mls ykSVs ns[k

eSaus dgk&

lR; vizkI; gSA

yksxksa us riLoh lEikrh dks ugha

eq>s _f"k dgkA

vc fefgj flj vk x;k

rius yxh ;g jsrA

jg x, ihNs

ftuds dqUryksa dh Nk¡g esa

gqvk lw;ksZn; gekjkA

cgqr dqN NwVk&

vkSj VwVk Hkh]

ge vlaxh

Lej.k cSlk[kh lgkjs py jgsA

jsr ds infpg~u D;k \

foMEcuk

,d cks/k

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(56)

;s gh gekjs fy, vuq/kkfor jgs

budh eS=h D;k!

vc gekjs vkSj ml NwVs foxr ds chp

lEcU/k gS rks ;g fd

ge izoztkoflr gSa&

_rq vfHk"ksd flj ij >syrs

Hkky ij ladksp js[kk

foo'krk,¡ d.M esa

vukxr ;k=k] lEeq[k ros lh ty jgh

ge vk;q ds v'oRFk

viuh Nk¡g Hkh Lohdkj ftldks gS ughaA

mn;kpy & iwjc fn'kk@ Xokyk & xk; pjkus okyk] lw;Z@ Qsu & >kx@ olq/kk&/kjrh@

vkyksd & izdk'k] jks'kuh@ lfjrkvksa & ufn;ksa@ vghj & i'kq ikyu ,oa nw/k dk O;olk; djus okyh

tkfr@ fdj.k&/ksuq,¡ & fdj.k :ih xk;sa@ Hkw ek & [ksr] i`Foh@ gk¡d yk jgk & xk;ksa ds ihNs jgdj

mUgsa pyk jgk@ 'kSyksa & pêkuksa@ [kfygkuksa & og LFkku tgk¡ dkVh gqbZ Qly j[kh vkSj ek¡Mh

tk,@ lkse & ve`r@erokyk & xoZ ls brjkrk gqvkA

'kks/k & ryk'k] [kkst] uohu vUos"k.k@ fous= & va/kk@>qyls & tys gq,@ riLoh &

riL;k djus okyk@ laikrh & ,d ikSjkf.kd dkYifud i{kh] x#M+ dk cM+k iq= o tVk;q dk cM+k

HkkbZ@ vkXus; & vfXuor~] vfXu&lEcU/kh] vfXu tSlk@ rstl & rst] 'kfDr@ _f"k & osn ea=ksa dk

lk{kkRdkj vkSj izdk'ku djus okyk] cM+k riLohA

fefgj & lw;Z ¼dfork esa iw¡thoknh ladV½@ vlaxh & ftlds dksbZ lkFk u gks@ vuq/kkfor

& ek= fiNyXxq] ftldk vuqlj.k fd;k tk,@ eS=h & fe=rk@ Hkky & ekFkk] yykV@

v'oRFk & lw;Z dk ,d uke] lkfgR; esa iz;qDr O;aX;kRed izrhd tks mYVs dh rjQ b'kkjk

djrk gS@ dqUryksa & flj ds ckyksa@ cSlk[kh & og ydM+h ftlds lgkjs iSj foghu pyrs

gSa@ izoztkoflr & ns'k ;k LFkku NksM+dj x;k gqvk@ vukxr & Hkkoh] vkusokyk] vpkudA

1- ^fdj.k /ksuq,¡* dfork esa izHkkr ds Xokys dks ekxZ dkSu fn[kk jgk gS \

¼d½ dks;y ¼[k½ dcwrj

'kCnkFkZ &

fdj.k-/ksuq,¡

foMEcuk &

,d cks/k &

oLrqfu"B iz'u &

(57)

¼x½ x/kk ¼?k½ lkjl ¼ ½

2- ^foMEcuk* dfork esa lR; dh [kkst ds fy, dfo fdls Hkstrk gS \

¼d½ lEikrh dks ¼[k½ x#M+ dks

¼x½ tVk;q dks ¼?k½ dqjtk dks ¼ ½

3- ^,d cks/k* dfork esa flj ij dkSu vk x;k gS \

¼d½ dkSvk ¼[k½ mYyw

¼x½ fefgj ¼?k½ pUnzek ¼ ½

1- ^fdj.k /ksuq,¡* dfork esa [ksrksa&[kfygkuksa esa D;k cjl jgk gS \

2- ^fdj.k /ksuq,¡* dfork esa 'kSyksa ls mrjdj dkSu pyh vk jgh gS \

3- ^foMEcuk* dfork esa dfo lEikrh dks fdldh [kkst esa Hkstrk gS \

4- ^foMEcuk* dfork esa lEikrh dks fous= ns[kdj dfo us lR; dks D;k dgk \

5- ^,d cks/k* dfork ds vuqlkj gekjs fy, vuq/kkfor D;k jgk gS \

6- *,d cks/k* dfork esa ge vk;q ds v'oRFk dks D;k Lohdkj ugha gS \

1- dfo us lw;Z dh rqyuk izHkkr ds Xokys ls D;ksa dh gS \

2- fdj.k /ksuqvksa ds fy, Lo.kZ lhax pedkdj 'kSy ls mrjus dh ckr dfo D;ksa dgrk gS \

3- *foMEcuk* dfork esa dfo lR; dks vizkI; D;ksa dgrk gS \

4- yksxksa }kjk lEikrh dks _f"k u crkdj dfo dks _f"k D;ksa dgk x;k gS \

5- *,d cks/k* dfork esa dfo dk izoztkoflr ls D;k rkRi;Z gS \

6- dfo dks Hkky ij ladksp vkSj d.B esa foo'krk,¡ D;ksa fn[kkbZ nsrh gSa \

1- **ujs'k esgrk izÑfr ds vuqie fprsjs gSaA** ikB~; iqLrd esa nh xbZ budh dforkvksa ds vk/kkj

ij Li"V dhft,A

2- *foMEcuk* dfork esa fNis O;aX; dks dfork esa fn, x, mnkgj.kksa }kjk Li"V dhft,A

3- *,d cks/k* dfork ds vuqlkj gekjh fLFkfr dSlh gS\vkSj D;ksa gS\

4- ikB esa vk, fuEufyf[kr i|ka'kksa dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft, &

¼d½ Lej.k cSlk[kh -------------------------------------------------- ge izoztkoflr gaSA

¼[k½ fxjrk tkrk Qsu ------------------------------------------------ oa'kh j[kokykA


y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u &

fuca/kkRed iz'u &

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13- xqYyh&MaMk

izsepUn

ys[kd ifjp; &

izsepUn dk tUe 31 tqykbZ] 1880 dks okjk.klh ds fudV yegh xk¡o esa gqvk A budh ekrk dk

uke vkuUnh nsoh ,oa firk dk uke eqa'kh vtk;cjke FkkA ;s yegh Mkd?kj esa Mkdeqa'kh FksA lkr o"kZ dh

voLFkk esa mudh ekrk dk rFkk pkSng o"kZ dh voLFkk esa firk dk nsgkUr gksus ls budk cpiu ,oa

fd'kksj thou la?k"kZe; jgkA budk ewy uke /kuir jk; JhokLro FkkA i<+us dk 'kkSd budks cipu ls

gh FkkA 1898 esa eSfVªd ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ dj LFkkuh; fo|ky; esa f'k{kd fu;qDr gks x,A ukSdjh ds lkFk

i<+kbZ tkjh j[krs gq, 1910 esa b.Vj vkSj 1919 esa ch-,- ikl fd;kA ch-,- djus ds i'pkr~ vki f'k{kk

foHkkx ds baLisDVj in ij fu;qDr gq,A 1906 esa bUgksaus fo/kok fookg dk leFkZu djrs gq, cky fo/kok

f'kojkuh nsoh ls nwljk fookg fd;kA muds rhu lUrkusa gqbZaA *lksts oru* ij jksd rFkk ys[ku cUn djus

ds v¡xzst ljdkj ds vkns'k ds ckn eqa'kh n;kukjk;.k dh lykg ls bUgksaus izsepUn uke ls ys[ku izkjEHk

fd;kA ;g uke gh vkxs pydj izfl) gks x;kA mnwZ esa ys[ku dk;Z uokcjk; ds uke ls djrs jgs FksA

mudk vfUre miU;kl *eaxylw=* mudh yEch chekjh ,oa rRi'pkr~ fu/ku ds dkj.k iwjk u gks ldkA

buds iq= ve`rjk; us bl miU;kl dks iwjk dj iq=/keZ dk fuoZg.k fd;kA

eqa'kh izsepUn us fgUnh lkfgR; dks ukVd] fucU/k] miU;kl ,oa dgkuh tSlh vusd fo/kkvksa ls

le`) fd;k( lkFk gh mUgksaus lEiknu ,oa vuqokn dk;Z Hkh fd;k ijUrq budks izflf) ,d dFkkdkj ,oa

miU;kldkj ds :i esa gh feyhA caxkyh ds izfl) lkfgR;dkj 'kjrpUnz us bUgsa miU;kl lezkV dh

mikf/k nhA izsepUn rRi'pkr~ miU;kl lezkV uke ls izfl) jgsA budk jpuk lalkj bl izdkj gS &

ukVd & ^laxzke* ¼1922 bZ-½ ,oa *dcZyk* ¼1928 bZ-½A fucU/k@ys[k & fofHkUu Ik= if=dkvksa esa

izsepUn ds fucU/k Nirs jgsA ftueas bUgksaus lkekftd ,oa lkfgfR;d fpUrkvksa dh vfHkO;fDr dh gSA

izsepUn ds fucU/kksa dk ladyu *izsepUn % fofo/k izlax* ftlds rhu Hkkx gSa rFkk *izsepUn % dqN fopkj*

uke dh iqLrdksa eas feyrk gSA bueas ls dqN izeq[k fucU/k *lkfgR; dk mÌs';] dgkuh dyk ¼Hkkx 1] 2] 3½]

fgUnh mnwZ dh ,drk] egktuh lH;rk] miU;kl] thou esa lkfgR; dk LFkku vkfn gSA vuqokn & 1-

VkWyLVkW; dh dgkfu;k¡ ¼1923 bZ-½] xkYlonhZ ds rhu ukVdksa dk *gM+rky* ¼1930 bZ-½] *pk¡nh dh fMfc;k*

¼1931bZ-½ vkSj *U;k;* ¼1931 bZ-½ uke ls vuqokn fd;kA

MkW- dey fd'kksj xks;udk ds vuqlkj izsepUn us dqy 301 dgkfu;k¡ fy[kh gSa ftuesa ls 3

vHkh vizkI; gSaA budh izFke dgkuh dkSulh gS ;g r; djuk cM+k gh dfBu gS( fQj Hkh dqN fo}ku

*lalkj dk vueksy jru* dks izsepUn dh igyh dgkuh ekurs gSa] rks dqN *iap ijes'oj* ¼1916 bZ-½ dks

izFke dgkuh ekurs gSaA izsepUn dk igyk dgkuh laxzg *lksts oru* uke ls twu 1908 esa izdkf'kr gqvkA

buds thoudky esa dqy ukS dgkuh laxzg izdkf'kr gq,& 1- lIr ljkst] 2- uofuf/k] 3- izse iwf.kZek] 4-

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izse iphlh] 5- isze izfrek] 6- izse }kn'kh] 7- lej ;k=k] 8- ekuljksoj % Hkkx 1 o 2 vkSj dQuA dQu

izsepUn dh vfUre dgkuh ekuh tkrh gSA izsepUn dh e`R;q ds i'pkr~ budh dgkfu;k¡ *ekuljksoj*

'kh"kZd ls 8 [k.Mksa esa izdkf'kr gqbZA izsepUn th dh dgkfu;ksa ds fodkl Øe dks rhu dky [k.Mksa esa

ck¡V ldrs gSa& izFke&1916 ls 1920 rd] f}rh;&1620 ls 1930 rd ,oa r`rh;&1930 ls 1936 rdA

bu dkyksa esa dgkfu;kas ds vyx vyx :i lkeus vkrs gSaA

Ik= if=dk,¡ & 1922 bZ- esa ̂ek/kqjh* if=dk dk lEiknu] 1930 bZ- esa *gal* ekfld dk izkjEHk]

izdk'ku ,oa lEiknu rFkk 1932 bZ- esa *tkxj.k* lkIrkfgd dk lEiknuA

miU;kl & izsepUn }kjk dqy iUnzg miU;kl fy[ks x, ftuesa ls dky Øekuqlkj fuEukafdr

izeq[k gSa & 1- ojnku ¼vuqfnr½ ¼1921 bZ-½ esa] 2- izsek ¼1907 bZ-½] 3- :Bh jkuh ¼1907 bZ-½] 4- lsoklnu

¼1918 bZ-½] 5- izsekJe ¼1921 bZ-½] 6- jaxHkwfe ¼1925 bZ-½] 7- dk;kdYi ¼1926 bZ-½] 8- fueZyk ¼1927 bZ-½] 9-

xcu ¼1931 bZ-½] 10- deZHkwfe ¼1932 bZ-½] 11- xksnku ¼1936 bZ-½] 12- eaxylw= ¼v/kwjk 1948 bZ-½ esa

izdkf'krA

izLrqr dgkuh *xqYyh MaMk^ esa cipu dh ;knsa latksbZ xbZ gSaA dgkuh cM+s dkS'ky ls bl lPpkbZ

dks pfjrkFkZ djrh gS fd in vkSj izfr"Bk] euq"; euq"; ds chp ds uSlfxZd lEcU/k dks lekIr dj nsrh

gSA dgkuh esa dFkk uk;d vkSj x;k nksuksa ckyl[kk gSaA nksuksa gh cky voLFkk esa fcuk fdlh HksnHkko ds

xqYyh MaMk [ksyrs FksA dFkk&uk;d tks fd Fkkusnkj dk yM+dk Fkk] nk¡o nsus ds fookn esa *x;k* ds gkFkksa

fiV Hkh x;k Fkk] ijUrq mlus fdlh ls f'kdk;r ugha dhA chl lky ckn dFkk uk;d tks vc bUthfu;j

gks x;k gS] mlh xk¡o esa vkrk gSA ;gk¡ og cpiu dh le`fr;ksa dks ltho djus ds fy, x;k ls feyrk gS

vkSj mlds lkFk xqYyh MaMk [ksyuk pkgrk gSA mlds cgqr vkxzg ij x;k [ksyrk rks gS ysfdu mlds

[ksy esa cipu okyh ckr dFkk uk;d dks utj ugha vkrh gSA ;gk¡ dFkk uk;d lksprk gS fd mldh

vQljh *x;k* vkSj mlds chp nhokj cu xbZ gSA ;g n'kkZrs gq, dgkuh dk lekiu gks tkrk gSA

gekjs v¡xzst nksLr ekusa ;k uk ekusa] eSa rks ;gh dgw¡xk fd xqYyh MaMk lc [ksyksa dk jktk gSA vc

Hkh dHkh yM+dksa dks xqYyh MaMk [ksyrs ns[krk gw¡ rks th yksV iksV gks tkrk gS fd buds lkFk tkdj

[ksyus yxw¡A u ykWu dh t:jr] u dksVZ dh] u usV dh] u Fkkih dhA ets ls fdlh isM+ ls ,d Vguh dkV

yh] xqYyh cuk yh] vkSj nks vkneh Hkh vk x,] rks [ksy 'kq: gks x;kA

foyk;rh [ksyksa esa lcls cM+k ,sc gS fd muds lkeku egaxs gksrs gSaA tc rd de ls de ,d

lSadM+k u [kpZ dhft,] f[kykfM+;ksa esa 'kqekj ugha gks ldrkA ;gk¡ xqYyh MaMk gS fd fcuk gjZ fQVdjh ds

pks[kk jax nsrk gS( ij ge v¡xzsth phtksa ds ihNs ,sls nhokus gks jgs gSa fd viuh lHkh phtksa ls v#fp gks

xbZA Ldwyksa esa gjsd yM+ds ls rhu pkj #i;s lkykuk dsoy [ksyus dh Qhl yh tkrh gSA fdlh dks ;g

ugha lw>rk fd Hkkjrh; [ksy f[kyk,¡] tks fcuk nke dkSM+h ds [ksys tkrs gSaA v¡xjsth [ksy muds fy, gS

ftuds ikl /ku gSA xjhc yM+dksa ds flj D;ksa ;g O;lu e<+rs gks \ Bhd gS] xqYyh MaMk ls vk¡[k QwV

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(60)

tkus dk Hk; jgrk gS] rks fØdsV ls flj QwV tkus] frYyh QV tkus] Vkax VwV tkus dk Hk; ugha jgrk!

vxj gekjs ekFks esa xqYyh dk nkx vkt rd cuk gqvk gS] rks gekjs dbZ nksLr ,sls Hkh gSa] tks Fkkih dks

oS'kk[kh ls cny cSBsA ;g viuh viuh #fp gSA eq>s xqYyh gh lc [ksyksa ls vPNh yxrh gS vkSj cpiu

dh ehBh Le`fr;ksa esa xqYyh gh lcls ehBh gSA

og izkr%dky ?kj ls fudy tkuk] og isM+ ij p<+dj Vgfu;k¡ dkVuk] vkSj xqYyh MaMs cukuk]

og yM+kbZ&>xM+s] og ljy LoHkko] ftlesa Nwr&vNwr] vehj&xjhc dk fcydqy Hksn u jgrk Fkk]

ftlesa vehjkuk pksapyksa dh] izn'kZu dh] vfHkeku dh xqatkb'k gh u Fkh] ;g mlh oDr Hkwysxk tc aaa a a a

tc aa a a aA ?kj okys fcxM+ jgs gSa] firkth pkSds ij cSBs osx ls jksfV;ksa ij viuk Øks/k mrkj jgs gSa] vEek¡ dh

nkSM+ dsoy }kj rd gS] ysfdu mudh fopkj /kkjk esa esjk va/kdkje; Hkfo"; VwVh gqbZ ukSdk dh rjg

Mxexk jgk gS] vkSj eSa gw¡ fd inkus esa eLr gw¡] u ugkus dh lqf/k gS] u [kkus dhA xqYyh gS rks tjk lh] ij

mlesa nqfu;k Hkj dh feBkb;ksa dh feBkl vkSj rek'kksa dk vkuUn Hkjk gqvk gSA

esjs getksfy;ksa esa ,d yM+dk x;k uke dk FkkA eq>ls nks rhu lky cM+k gksxkA nqcyk] yEck]

cUnjksa dh lh yEch yEch] iryh iryh m¡xfy;k¡] cUnjksa dh lh piyrk] ogh >YykgVA xqYyh dSlh

gh gks] ml ij bl rjg yidrk Fkk] tSls fNidyh dhM+ksa ij yidrh gSA ekywe ugha] mlds ek¡ cki Fks

;k ughaA dgk¡ jgrk Fkk] D;k [kkrk Fkk( ij Fkk gekjs xqYyh Dyc dk pSfEi;uA ftldh rjQ og vk

tk,] mldh thr fuf'pr FkhA ge lc mls nwj ls vkrs ns[k] mldk nkSM+ dj Lokxr djrs Fks vkSj mls

viuk xksb;k¡ cuk ysrs FksA

,d fnu eSa vkSj x;k nksuksa gh [ksy jgs FksA og ink jgk FkkA eSa in jgk Fkk( exj dqN fofp=

ckr gS fd inkus esa ge fnu Hkj eLr jg ldrs gSa( inuk ,d feuV dk Hkh v[kjrk gSA eSaus xyk NqM+kus

ds fy, lc pkysa pyh] tks ,sls volj ij 'kkL= fofgr u gksus ij Hkh {kE; gS] ysfdu x;k viuk nk¡o

fy, cxSj esjk fiaM u NksM+rk FkkA

eSa ?kj dh vksj HkkxkA vuqu; fou; dk dksbZ vlj u gqvkA

x;k us eq>s nkSM+dj idM+ fy;k vkSj MaMk rkudj cksyk& esjk nk¡o nsdj tkvksA ink;k rks cM+s

cgknqj cuds] inus ds csj D;ksa Hkkxs tkrs gks\

rqe fnu Hkj inkvks rks eSa fnu Hkj inrk jgw¡!

^gk¡] rqEgs fnu Hkj inuk iM+sxkA*

û [kkus tkÅ¡] u ihus tkÅ¡\*

*gk¡]! esjk nk¡o fn, fcuk dgha ugha tk ldrsA*

*gk¡] esjs xqyke gksA*

êSa ?kj tkrk gw¡] ns[kw¡ esjk D;k dj ysrs gksA*

^?kj dSls tkvksxs] dksbZ fnYyxh gSA nk¡o fn;k gS] nk¡o ysaxsA*

^vPNk dy eSaus ve:n f[kyk;k FkkA og ykSVk nksA*

ôg rks isV es apyk x;kA*

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^fudkyks isV lsA rqeus D;ksa [kk;k esjk ve:n\ rqeus fn;k Fkk] rc eSaus [kk;kA eSa rqels ek¡xus

u x;k FkkA*

^tc rd esjk ve:n u nksxs] eSa nk¡o u nw¡xkA*

eSa le>rk Fkk] U;k; esjh vksj gSA vkf[kj eSaus fdlh LokFkZ ls gh mls ve:n f[kyk;k gksxkA

dkSu fu%LokFkZ fdlh ds lkFk lywd djrk gSA fHk{kk rd rks LokFkZ ds fy, gh nsrs gSaA tc x;k us ve:n

[kk;k] rks fQj mls eq>ls nk¡o ysus dk D;k vf/kdkj gSA fj'or nsdj rks yksx [kwu ipk tkrs gSaA ;g esjk

ve:n ;ksa gh gte dj tk,xkA ve:n iSls ds ik¡p okys Fks] tks x;k ds cki dks Hkh ulhc u gksaxsA ;g

ljklj vU;k; FkkA

x;k us eq>s viuh vksj [khaprs gq, dgk& esjk nk¡o nsdj tkvks] ve:n le:n eSa ugha

tkurkA

eq>s U;k; dk cy FkkA og vU;k; ij MVk gqvk FkkA eSa gkFk NqM+kdj Hkkxuk pkgrk FkkA og

eq>s tkus u nsrk! eSaus mls xkyh nh] mlus mlls dM+h xkyh nh] vkSj xkyh gh ugha] ,d pk¡Vk tek

fn;kA eSaus mls nk¡r ls dkV fy;k] mlus esjh ihB ij MaMk tek fn;kA eSa jksus yxkA x;k esjs bl vL=

dk eqdkcyk u dj ldkA HkkxkA eSaus rqjar vkalw iksaN Mkys] MaMs dh pksV Hkwy x;k vkSj g¡lrk gqvk ?kj

tk igq¡pkA eSa Fkkusnkj dk yM+dk ,d vnus ls yM+ds ds gkFkksa fiV x;k] ;g eq>s ml le; Hkh

viekutud ekywe gqvk] ysfdu ?kj esa fdlh ls f'kdk;r u dhA

mUgha fnuksa firkth dk ogk¡ ls rcknyk gks x;kA ubZ nqfu;k ns[kus dh [kq'kh esa ,slk Qwyk fd

vius getksfy;ksa ls fcNqM+ tkus dk fcYdqy nq%[k u gqvkA firkth nq%[kh FksA ;g cM+h vkenuh dh txg

FkhA vEekth Hkh nq%[kh Fkha] ;gk¡ lc phtsa lLrh Fkha] vkSj eqgYys dh fL=;ksa ls ?ksjko lk gks x;k Fkk(

ysfdu ekjs [kq'kh ds Qwyk u lekrk FkkA yM+dksa ls thV mM+k jgk Fkk] ogk¡ ,sls ?kj FkksM+s gh gksrs gSaA ,sls

,sls Å¡ps ?kj gSa fd vkleku ls ckrsa djrs gSaA ogk¡ ds v¡xjsth Ldwy esa dksbZ ekLVj yM+dksa dks ihVs] rks

mls tsgy gks tk,A esjs fe=ksa dh QSyh gqbZ vk¡[ksa vkSj pfdr eqnzk cryk jgh Fkh fd eSa mudh fuxkg esa

fdruk Å¡pk mB x;k gw¡A cPpksa esa feF;k dks lR; cuk ysus dh 'kfDr gS] ftls ge] tks lR; dks feF;k

cuk ysrs gSa] D;k le>saxs\mu cspkjksa dks eq>ls fdruh Li/kkZ gks jgh FkhA ekuks dg jgs Fks& rqe Hkxoku~

gks HkkbZ] tkvksA gesa rks blh ÅtM+ xzke esa thuk Hkh gS vkSj ejuk HkhA

chl lky xqtj x,A eSaus bathfu;jh ikl dh vkSj mlh ftys dk nkSjk djrk gqvk mlh dLcs esa

igq¡pk vkSj Mkd caxys esa BgjkA ml LFkku dks ns[krs gh bruh e/kqj cky Le`fr;k¡ ân; esa tkx mBha fd

eSaus NM+h mBk;h vkSj dLcs dh lSj djus fudykA vk¡[k fdlh I;kls ifFkd dh Hkk¡fr cpiu ds mu

ØhM+k LFkyksa dks ns[kus ds fy, O;kdqy gks jgh Fkh( ij ml ifjfpr uke ds flok ogk¡ vkSj dqN ifjfpr

u FkkA tgk¡ [kaMgj Fkk] ogk¡ iDds edku [kM+s FksA tgk¡ cjxn dk iqjkuk isM+ Fkk] ogk¡ vc lqUnj cxhpk

FkkA LFkku dh dk;k iyV gks xbZ FkhA vxj mlds uke vkSj fLFkfr dk Kku u gksrk] rks eSa bls igpku

Hkh u ldrkA cpiu dh lafpr vkSj vej Le`fr;k¡ ck¡g [kksys vius mu iqjkus fe=ksa ls xys feyus dks

v/khj gks jgh Fkha] exj og nqfu;k cny xbZ FkhA ,slk th gksrk Fkk fd ml /kjrh ls fyiVdj jksÅ¡ vkSj

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dgw¡] rqe eq>s Hkwy xbZa! eSa rks vc Hkh rqEgkjk ogha :i ns[kuk pkgrk gw¡A

lglk ,d [kqyh gqbZ txg esa eSaus nks&rhu yM+dksa dks xqYyh MaMk [ksyrs ns[kkA ,d {k.k ds

fy, eSa vius dks fcYdqy Hkwy x;kA Hkwy x;k fd eSa ,d Å¡pk vQlj gw¡] lkgch BkB esa] jksc vkSj

vf/kdkj ds vkoj.k esaA

tkdj ,d yM+ds ls iwNk& D;ksa csVs] ;gk¡ dksbZ x;k uke dk vkneh gS \

,d yM+ds us xqYyh MaMk lesVdj lges gq, Loj esa dgk dkSu x;k\x;k peZdkjA

eSaus ;ksa gh dgk& gk¡&gk¡ oghA x;k uke dk dksbZ vkneh gS rks \ 'kk;n ogh gksA

*gk¡] gS rksA

*tjk mls cqyk ldrs gks \*

yM+dk nkSM+rk gqvk x;k vkSj ,d {k.k esa ,d ik¡p gkFk ds dkys nso dks lkFk fy, vkrk fn[kkbZ

fn;kA eSa nwj gh ls igpku x;kA mldh vksj yiduk pkgrk Fkk fd mlds xys fyiV tkÅ¡] ij dqN

lkspdj jg x;kA cksyk&dgks] x;k] eq>s igpkurs gks \

x;k us >qddj lyke fd;k& gk¡ ekfyd] Hkyk igpkuw¡xk D;ksa ugha! vki ets esa jgs\

*cgqr ets esaA rqe viuh dgks \*

*fMIVh lkgc dk lkbZl gw¡A*

*erbZ] eksgu] nqxkZ lc dgk¡ gSa \ dqN [kcj gSA*

*erbZ rks ej x;k] nqxkZ vkSj eksgu nksuksa Mkfd, gks x, gSaA vki \*

êSa rks ftys dk bathfu;j gw¡A*

*ljdkj rks igys gh cM+s tghu FksA*

^vc dHkh xqYyh MaMk [ksyrs gks \*

x;k us esjh vksj iz'u dh vk¡[kksa ls ns[kk & vc xqYyh MaMk D;k [ksyw¡xk ljdkj] vc rks /kU/ks ls

NqV~Vh ugha feyrhA

*vkvks] vkt ge rqe [ksysaA rqe inkuk ge insaxsA rqEgkjk ,d nk¡o gekjs Åij gSA og vkt ys

yksA*

x;k cM+h eqf'dy ls jkth gqvkA og Bgjk Vds dk etnwj] eSa ,d cM+k vQljA gekjk vkSj

mldk D;k tksM+ \ cspkjk >sai jgk Fkk! ysfdu eq>s Hkh dqN de >sai u Fkh( blfy, ugha fd eSa x;k ds

lkFk [ksyus tk jgk Fkk] cfYd blfy, fd yksx bl [ksy dks vtwck le>dj bldk rek'kk cuk ysaxs

vkSj vPNh [kklh HkhM+ yx tk,xhA ml HkhM+ esa vkuUn dgk¡ jgsxk] ij [ksys cxSj rks jgk ugha tkrkA

vkf[kj fu'p; gqvk fd nksuksa tus cLrh ls cgqr nwj ,dkar esa tkdj [ksysaA ogk¡ dkSu ns[kus okyk cSBk

gksxkA ets ls [ksysaxs vkSj cpiu dh ml feBkbZ dks [kwc jl ys ysdj [kk,¡xsA eSa x;k dks ysdj Mkd

caxys ij vk;k vkSj eksVj esa cSBdj nksuksa eSnku dh vksj pysA lkFk esa ,d dqYgkM+h ys yhA eSa xEHkhj

Hkko /kkj.k fd, gq, Fkk] ysfdu x;k bls vHkh rd etkd gh le> jgk FkkA fQj Hkh mlds eq[k ij

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mRlqdrk ;k vkuUn dk dksbZ fpà u FkkA 'kk;n og ge nksuksa esa tks vUrj gks x;k Fkk] ogh lkspus esa

exu FkkA

eSaus iwNk& rqEgsa dHkh gekjh ;kn vkrh Fkh x;k\ lp dgukA x;k >sairk gqvk cksyk& eSa vkidks

;kn djrk gqtwj] fdl yk;d gw¡A Hkkx esa vkids lkFk dqN fnu [ksyuk cnk Fkk] ugha esjh D;k fxurh\

eSaus dqN mnkl gksdj dgk& ysfdu eq>s rks cjkcj] rqEgkjh ;kn vkrh FkhA rqEgkjk og MaMk]

tks rqeus rkudj trk;k Fkk] ;kn gS u\

x;k us iNrkrs gq, dgk& og yM+diu Fkk ljdkj] mldh ;kn u fnykvksA

*okg! og esjs cky thou dh lcls jlhyh ;kn gSA rqEgkjs ml MaMs esa tks jl Fkk] og rks vc u

vknj lEeku esa ikrk gw¡] u /ku esaA dqN ,slh feBkl Fkh mlesa fd vkt rd mlls eu ehBk gksrk jgrk

gSA*

bruh nsj esa ge cLrh ls dksbZ rhu ehy fudy vk;sA pkjksa rjQ lUukVk gSA if'pe vksj

dkslksa rd Hkherky QSyk gqvk gS] tgk¡ vkdj ge fdlh le; dey iq"i rksM+ ys tkrs Fks vkSj mlds

>weds cukdj dkuksa esa Mky ysrs FksA tsB dh la/;k dslj esa Mwch pyh vk jgh gSA eSa yiddj ,d isM+

ij p<+ x;k vkSj ,d Vguh dkV yk;kA pViV xqYyh MaMk cu x;kA [ksy 'kq: gks x;kA eSaus xqPph esa

xqYyh j[kdj mNkyhA xqYyh x;k ds lkeus ls fudy xbZA mlus gkFk yidk;k] tSls eNyh idM+ jgk

gksA xqYyh mlds ihNs tkdj fxjhA ;g ogh x;k gS] ftlds gkFkksa esa xqYyh tSls vki gh tkdj cSB

tkrh FkhA og nkgus ck;sa dgha gks] xqYyh mldh gFksfy;ksa esa gh igq¡prh FkhA tSls xqfYy;ksa ij o'khdj.k

Mky nsrk gksA u;h xqYyh] iqjkuh xqYyh] NksVh xqYyh] cM+h xqYyh] uksdnkj xqYyh] likV xqYyh lHkh

mlls fey tkrh FkhaA tSls mlds gkFkksa esa dksbZ pqEcd gks( xqfYy;ksa dks [khap ysrk gks] ysfdu vkt

xqYyh dks mlls og izse ugha jgkA fQj rks eSaus inkuk 'kq: fd;kA eSa rjg rjg dh /kk¡/kfy;k¡ dj jgk

FkkA vH;kl dh dlj csbZekuh ls iwjh dj jgk FkkA gqp tkus ij Hkh MaMk [ksys tkrk Fkk] gkykafd 'kkL=

ds vuqlkj x;k dh ckjh vkuh pkfg, FkhA xqYyh ij vksNh pksV iM+rh vkSj og tjk nwj ij fxj iM+rh

rks eSa >iVdj mls [kqn mBk ysrk nksckjk VkaM yxkrkA x;k og lkjh cs dk;nfx;k¡ ns[k jgk Fkk] ij

dqN u cksyrk Fkk] tSls mls og lc dk;ns dkuwu Hkwy x;sA mldk fu'kkuk fdruk vpwd FkkA xqYyh

mlds gkFk ls fudydj Vu ls MaMs esa vkdj yxrh FkhA mlds gkFk ls NwVdj mldk dke Fkk MaMs ls

Vdjk tkuk] ysfdu vkt og xqYyh MaMs esa yxrh gh ugha! dHkh nkfgus tkrh gS] dHkh ck,¡] dHkh vkxs]

dHkh ihNsA

vk/k ?kaVs inkus ds ckn ,d ckj xqYyh MaMs esa vk yxhA eSaus /kk¡/kyh dh xqYyh MaMs esa ugha yxh]

fcYdqy ikl ls xbZ] ysfdu yxh ughaA

x;k us fdlh izdkj dk vlarks"k ugha izdV fd;kA

û yxh gksxhA*

^MaMs esa yxrh rks D;k eSa csbZekuh djrk\*

*ugha HkS;k] rqe Hkyk csbZekuh djksxsA*

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cpiu esa etky Fkk fd eSa ,slk ?kiyk djds thrk cprk! ;gh x;k xnZu ij p<+ cSBrk]

ysfdu vkt eSa mls fdruh vklkuh ls /kks[kk fn, pyk tkrk FkkA x/kk gS! lkjh ckrsa Hkwy x;kA

lglk xqYyh fQj M.Ms ls yxh vkSj brus tksj ls yxh] tSls cUnwd NwVh gksA bl izek.k ds

lkeus vc fdlh rjg dh /kk¡/kyh djus dk lkgl eq>s bl oDr Hkh u gks ldk] ysfdu D;ksa u ,d ckj

lcdks >wB crkus dh ps"Vk d:¡\ esjk gjt gh D;k gS\eku x;k rks okg okg] ugha rks nks&pkj gkFk

inuk gh rks iM+sxkA vU/ksjs dk cgkuk djds tYnh ls xSyk NqM+k yw¡xkA fQj dkSu nk¡o nsus vkrk gSA

x;k us fot; ds mYykl esa dgk& yx xbZ] yx xbZ! Vu ls cksyhA

eSaus vutku cuus dh ps"Vk djds dgk& rqeus yxrs ns[kk\eSaus rks ugha ns[kkA

*Vu ls cksyh gS ljdkj!*

^vkSj tks fdlh bZaV ls yx xbZ gks\*

esjs eq[k ls ;g okD; ml le; dSls fudyk] bldk eq>s [kqn vk'p;Z gSA bl lR; dks

>qBykuk oSlk gh Fkk] tSls fnu dks jkr crkukA ge nksuksa us xqYyh dks M.Ms esa tksj ls yxrs ns[kk Fkk]

ysfdu x;k us esjk dFku Lohdkj dj fy;kA

*gk¡] fdlh bZaV esa gh yxh gksxhA M.Ms esa yxrh rks bruh vkokt u vkrhA*

eSaus fQj inkuk 'kq: dj fn;k] ysfdu bruh izR;{k /kk¡/kyh dj ysus ds ckn x;k dh ljyrk ij eq>s

n;k vkus yxh] blfy, tc rhljh ckj xqYyh M.Ms esa yxh] rks eSaus cM+h mnkjrk ls nk¡o nsuk r; dj

fn;kA

x;k us dgk& vc rks v¡/ksjk gks x;k gS HkS;k] dy ij j[kksA

eSaus lkspk] dy cgqr lk le; gksxk] ;g u tkus fdruh nsj ink,] blfy, blh oDr eqvkeyk

lkQ dj ysuk vPNk gksxkA

*ugha] ughaA vHkh cgqr mtkyk gSA rqe viuk nk¡o ys yksA

*xqYyh lw>sxh ughaA*

^dqN ijokg ughaA*

x;k us inkuk 'kq: fd;k] ij mls vc fcYdqy vH;kl u FkkA mlus nks ckj VkaM yxkus dk

bjknk fd;k] ij nksuksa gh ckj gqp x;kA ,d feuV ls de esa og nk¡o iwjk dj pqdk FkkA cspkjk ?k.Vk Hkj

ink] ij ,d fefuV gh esa viuk nk¡o [kks cSBkA eSaus vius ân; dh fo'kkyrk dk ifjp; fn;kA

*,d nk¡o vkSj [ksy yksA rqe rks igys gh gkFk esa gqp x,A*

*ugha HkS;k] vc v¡/ksjk gks x;kA*

^rqEgkjk vH;kl NwV x;kA dHkh [ksyrs ugha\*

^[ksyus dk le; dgk¡ feyrk gS HkS;k!*

ge nksuksa eksVj ij tk cSBs vkSj fpjkx tyrs tyrs iM+ko ij igq¡p x,A x;k pyrs pyrs

cksyk& dy ;gk¡ xqYyh MaMk gksxkA lHkh iqjkus f[kykM+h [ksysaxsA rqe Hkh vkvksxs\ tc rqEgsa Qqjlr gks]

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rHkh f[kykfM+;ksa dks cqykÅ¡A

eSaus 'kke dk le; fn;k vkSj nwljs fnu eSp ns[kus x;kA dksbZ nl nl vknfe;ksa dh e.Myh

FkhA dbZ esjs yM+diu ds lkFkh fudys! vf/kdka'k ;qod Fks] ftUgsa eSa igpku u ldkA [ksy 'kq: gqvkA eSa

eksVj ij cSBk cSBk rek'kk ns[kus yxkA vkt x;k dk [ksy] mldk og uSiq.; ns[kdj eSa pfdr gks x;kA

VkaM yxkrk] rks xqYyh vkleku ls ckr djrhA dy dh lh og f>>d] og fgpfdpkgV] og csfnyh

vkt u FkhA yM+diu esa tks ckr Fkh] vkt mlus izkS<+rk izkIr dj yh FkhA dgha dy blus eq>s bl rjg

ink;k gksrk] rks eSa t:j jksus yxrkA mlds M.Ms dh pksV [kkdj xqYyh nks lkS xt dh [kcj ykrh FkhA

inus okyksa esa ,d ;qod us dqN /kk¡/kyh dhA mlus vius fopkj esa xqYyh yid yh FkhA x;k dk

dguk Fkk & xqYyh tehu esa yxdj mNyh FkhA bl ij nksuksa esa rky Bksdus dh ukScr vkbZ gSA ;qod

nc x;kA x;k dk rerek;k gqvk psgjk ns[kdj Mj x;kA vxj og nc u tkrk] rks t:j ekj ihV gks

tkrhA

eSa [ksy esa u Fkk] ij nwljksa ds bl [ksy esa eq>s ogha yM+diu dk vkuUn vk jgk Fkk] tc ge

lc dqN Hkwydj [ksy esa eLr gks tkrs FksA vc eq>s ekywe gqvk fd dy x;k us esjs lkFk [ksyk ugha]

dsoy [ksyus dk cgkuk fd;kA mlus eq>s n;k dk ik= le>kA eSaus /kk¡/kyh dh] csbZekuh dh] ij mls

tjk Øks/k u vk;kA blhfy, fd og [ksy u jgk Fkk] eq>s [ksyk jgk Fkk] esjk eu j[k jgk FkkA og eq>s

inkdj esjk dpwej ugha fudkyuk pkgrk FkkA eSa vc vQlj gw¡A ;g vQljh esjs vkSj mlds chp esa

nhokj cu xbZ gSA eSa vc mldk fygkt ik ldrk gw¡] vnc ik ldrk gw¡] lkgp;Z ugha ik ldrkA

yM+diu Fkk] rc eSa mldk led{k FkkA geesa dksbZ Hksn u FkkA ;g in ikdj vc eSa dsoy mldh n;k ds

;ksX; gw¡A og eq>s viuk tksM+ ugha le>rkA og cM+k gks x;k gS] eSa NksVk gks x;k gw¡A

ÛÛÛ

dfBu 'kCn &

foyk;rh & fons'kh@ vehjkuk & vehjksfpr] /kfudksfpr@ xqatkb'k & LFkku]

vodk'k@ xksb;k¡ & lkFkh] l[kk] [ksy dk lkFkh] l[kh@ fnYyxh & etkd] g kl&i f jg kl@

gte & ikpu fØ;k] xcu] ipkuk@ vL= & Qsad dj pyk;k tkus okyk gfFk;kj@ thV & Mhax]

xIi@ lkbZl & ?kksM+ksa dh ns[kHkky djus okyk ukSdj@ o'khdj.k & o'k esa djus dh fØ;k] lEeksgu@

gqp tkuk & xqYyh&MaMk [ksy esa viuh ckjh ls ckgj gks tkuk@ cs&dk;nfx;k¡ & fu;e fo#)]

voS/k@ gjt & gkfu] {kfr] uqdlku@ iM+ko & Bgjus dk LFkku@ e.Myh&lewg@ uSiq.;

&n{krk] fuiq.krk] fuiq.k gksus dh voLFkk@ dpwej&nqnZ'kk] nqnZ'kk djuk@ lkgp;Z & fe=rk]

lax&lkFk] esy&feyki] lgpkfjrk@ 'kqekj & 'kkfey] fxurh] fglkc@ O;lu & yr] nqjkpj.k]

cqjh vknr@ pksapyksa & fn[kkoksa] u[kjksa@ getksfy;ksa & lkFkh] l[kk@ fofgr & fof/k ds vuq:i gksus

okyk] fu/kkZfjr@ lywd & <ax] rkSj&rjhdk] O;ogkj@ ulhc & HkkX;] fdLer] rdnhj@ ykSaMs &

fcxM+s gq, yM+ds] fNNksjs@ ifFkd & cVksgh] jkgxhj] eqlkfQj] ;k=h@ cnk & gksuh] HkkX; esa

fy[kk gqvk@ /kk¡/kfy;k¡ & gsjk&Qsjh] ?kksVkyk] /kks[kk] 'kjkjr@ ?kiyk & xksyeky] xyr rjhds ls

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dk;Z ds dkj.k gqbZ xM+cM+@ xSyk & xkM+h ds tkus yk;d jkLrk@ fpjkx & nhid@ Qqjlr &

vodk'k] [kkyh le;@ yM+diu & cpiu] cpiuk@ izkS<+rk & ifjiDork] o;Ldrk@ vnc &

fou;] f'k"Vkpkj

1 bl dgkuh esa dFkk uk;d foyk;rh [ksyksa dk lcls cM+k ,sc D;k ekurs gSa \

¼d½ eg¡xk gksuk ¼[k½ lLrk gksuk

¼x½ pksV dk Mj ¼?k½ vf/kd le; yxuk ¼ ½

2 dgkuh esa dFkk uk;d vkSj mldk fe= xqYyh MaMk [ksyus dgk¡ x, \

¼d½ jsyos LVs'ku ¼[k½ ikB'kkyk

¼x½ Hkherky ¼?k½ vLirky ¼ ½

1 dgkuh esa ys[kd ftl fe= ls feyk] mldk uke D;k gS \

2 dgkuh dk dFkk uk;d cM+k gksdj D;k curk gS \

3 dFkk uk;d us x;k dks xqYyh MaMk eSp ns[kus ds fy, dc dk le; fn;k \

1- x;k ds O;fDrRo dh rhu fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A

2- dFkk uk;d dks xqYyh MaMk [ksyksa dk jktk D;ksa yxrk gS \

3- [ksy esa inus ls cpus ds fy, dFkk uk;d D;k pkysa pyrk gS \

4- dFkk uk;d ds vuqlkj cPpksa esa ,slh dkSulh 'kfDr gksrh gS tks cM+ksa esa ugha gksrh \

5- dFkk uk;d vkSj x;k ds chp Le`fr;k¡ ltho gksus esa dkSulh ckr ck/kk curh gS\ vkSj D;ksa \

1 *xqYyh MaMk^ dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij Li"V dhft, fd in vkSj izfr"Bk euq"; vkSj euq"; ds chp

ds uSlfxZd lEcU/k dks lekIr dj nsrs gSaA

2 dFkk uk;d dh pkfjf=d fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A

3- fuEufyf[kr i|ka'k dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft,&

¼d½ eSa le>rk Fkk ---------------------------------- ;g ljklj vU;k; FkkA

¼[k½ eSa [ksy esa u Fkk] ---------------------------------------- eSa NksVk gks x;k gw¡A

ÛÛÛ

oLrqfu"B iz'u &


y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u &

fuca/kkRed iz'u &

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14- feBkbZ okyk

Hkxorh izlkn oktis;h

ys[kd ifjp; &

ikB ifjp; &

ewy ikB &

Hkxorh izlkn oktis;h dk tUe dkuiqj esa lu~ 1899 esa gqvkA mudh igyh dgkuh *;equk^

1923 bZå esa *Jh 'kkjnk^ uke dh if=dk esa izdkf'kr gqbZA blls igys os dfork ds {ks= esa vk pqds FksA

oktis;h dfo] ukVddkj] miU;kldkj vkSj dgkuhdkj ds :i esa viuh izHkkoh l`tu dyk dk ifjp;

nsrs gSaA muds izeq[k miU;kl gSa & R;kxe;h] irokj] HkwnkuA *Nyuk^ vkSj *jk;fiFkkSjk^ muds ukVd gSaA

dfork laxzg gSa & *vksl dh cw¡nsaÂ blds vfrfjDr mUgksaus ckyksi;ksxh lkfgR; dk l`tu Hkh fd;k gS ,oa

laiknu ds {ks= ls Hkh tqM+s jgs gSaA

dgkuhdkj ds :i esa oktis;h th ds izeq[k laxzg gSa & *e/kqidZ^] *fgyksj^] *iq"dfj.kh^]

*nhiekfydk^] *migkj^] *[kkyh cksry^] *vaxkjs^] *Lusg^ vkfnA oktis;h th dh dgkfu;ksa esa e/;oxhZ;

ekufld Ågkiksg dks fo'ks"k egÙo feyk gSA cnyrs lekt vkSj cnyrs okrkoj.k ,oa u, iz'uksa vkSj

leL;kvksa dks oktis;h th us vf/kd egÙo fn;k gSA mUgksaus dqN dgkfu;k¡ lekt dh foÑr ijaijkvksa]

:f<+;ksa] dqjhfr;ksa vkfn dks ysdj fy[kh gSa rks dqN dgkfu;ksa esa fofHkUu oxks± ds chp dh nwjh] dVqrk]

vfo'okl] ?k`.kk dk lVhd fp=.k gqvk gSA mudh dgkfu;ksa esa dgha izsepan ds vkn'kksZUeq[k lkekftd

;FkkFkZ ds n'kZu gksrs gSa rks dgha 'kjrpUæ dh Hkkoqdrk vkSj ekfeZdrk feyrh gSA oktis;h th dh

dgkfu;k¡ vkdkj dh n`f"V ls izk;% NksVh gksrh gSa ijarq muesa O;atdrk gksrh gSA dFkkud vYi gksrs gq, Hkh

dgkfu;k¡ rhoz ?kVukØe ls ck¡/ks j[krh gSaA 'kh"kZd vkd"kZd vkSj O;atukRed gksrs gSaA Hkk"kk dh

LokHkkfodrk vkSj dgus dk fof'k"V <ax oktis;h th dh dgkfu;ksa dh futh fo'ks"krk gSA

*feBkbZokyk^ dgkuh esa ys[kd us cky euksfoKku ds fofo/k dks.kksa dks izLrqr fd;k gSA cky

lqyHk piyrk] vkd"kZ.k] gB] eu dh fofo/k Hkafxek,¡ bl dgkuh esa ns[kh tk ldrh gSaA ;g dgkuh

ekuo eu esa fNis okRlY; vkSj mlds leiZ.kHkko dh thrh tkxrh dFkk gSA ekuo vius ân; ds vHkko

dks iw.kZ djus ds fy, fdl izdkj Lo;a dks fo'o ls tksM+dj larqf"V izkIr dj ldrk gS bldk izdV

mnkgj.k ;g dgkuh gSA

1

cgqr gh ehBs Lojksa ds lkFk og xfy;ksa esa ?kwerk gqvk dgrk & **cPpksa dks cgykus okyk]

f[kykSusokykA^^

bl v/kwjs okD; dks og ,sls fofp=] fdarq eknd e/kqj <ax ls xkdj dgrk fd lquus okys ,d

ckj vfLFkj gks mBrsA mlds LusgkfHkf"kDr daB ls QwVk gqvk mi;qDr xku lqudj fudV ds edkuksa esa

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gypy ep tkrhA NksVs NksVs cPpksa dks viuh xksn esa fy, ;qofr;k¡ fpdksa dks mBkdj NTtksa ij uhps

>k¡dus yxrhaA xfy;ksa vkSj muds vUrO;kZih NksVs NksVs mn~;kuksa esa [ksyrs vkSj bBykrs gq, cPpksa dk >qaM

mls ?ksj ysrk vkSj rc og f[kykSusokyk ogha cSBdj f[kykSus dh isVh [kksy nsrkA

cPps f[kykSus ns[k iqyfdr gks mBrsA os iSls ykdj f[kykSus dk eksy Hkko djus yxsA iwNrs

&**bNdk nke D;k gS] vkSy bNdkA vkSy bNdk \ f[kykSusokyk cPpksa dks ns[krk vkSj mudh uUgha uUgha

m¡xfy;ksa ls iSls ys ysrk] vkSj cPpksa dh bPNkuqlkj mUgsa f[kykSus ns nsrkA f[kykSus ysdj cPPks fQj

mNyus dwnus yxrs vkSj rc fQj f[kykSus okyk mlh izdkj xkdj dgrk &**cPpksa dks cgykus okyk]

f[kykSusokykA^^ lkxj dh fgyksj dh Hkk¡fr mldk ;g eknd xku xyh Hkj ds edkuksa esa bl vksj ls ml

vksj rd] ygjkrk gqvk igq¡pk] vkSj f[kykSusokyk vkxs c<+ tkrkA

jk; fot;cgknqj ds cPps Hkh ,d fnu f[kykSus ysdj ?kj vk,A os nks cPps Fks & pqUuw vkSj eqUuw!

pqUuw tc f[kykSus ys vk;k] rks cksyk &**esyk ?kksyk dSNk NqUny ,s\^^

eqUuw cksyk & **vkSy ns[kks] esyk dSlk NqUny ,s^^

nksuksa vius gkFkh ?kksM+s ysdj ?kj Hkj esa mNyus yxsA bu cPpksa dh ek¡ jksfg.kh dqN nsj rd [kM+s

[kM+s mudk [ksy fuj[krh jghA vUr esa nksuksa cPpksa dks cqykdj mlus iwNk &**vjs vks pqUuw eqUuw] ;s

f[kykSus rqeus fdrus esa fy;s gSa \^^

eqUuw cksyk & **nks iSNs esaA f[kykSusokyk ns x;k ,sA^^

jksfg.kh lkspus yxh&brus lLrs dSls ns x;k gSA dSls ns x;k gS] ;g rks ogh tkusA ysfdu ns rks

x;k gh gS] bruk rks fu'p; gSA

,d t+jk lh ckr BgjhA jksfg.kh vius dke esa yx xbZA fQj dHkh mls bl ij fopkj djus dh

vko';drk Hkh Hkyk D;ksa iM+rhA

2

Ng eghus cknA

uxj Hkj esa nks pkj fnuksa ls ,d eqjyhokys ds vkus dk lekpkj QSy x;kA yksx dgus

yxs&**HkkbZ okg! eqjyh ctkus esa og ,d gh mLrkn gSA eqjyh ctkdj] xkuk lqukdj og eqjyh csprk Hkh

gS lks Hkh nks nks iSlsA Hkyk] blesa mls D;k feyrk gksxkA esgur Hkh rks u vkrh gksxh!^^

,d O;fDr us iwN fy;k &**dSlk gS og eqjyhokyk] eSaus rks mls ugha ns[kk!^^

mÙkj feyk &**mez rks mldh vHkh vf/kd u gksxh] ;gh rhl cRrhl dk gksxkA nqcyk&iryk

xksjk ;qod gS] chdkusjh jaxhu lkQk ck¡/krk gSA^^

**ogh rks ugha] tks igys f[kykSus cspk djrk Fkk \^^

**D;k og igys f[kykSus Hkh cspk djrk Fkk \^^

**gk¡ tks vkdkj izdkj rqeus cryk;k] mlh izdkj dk og Hkh FkkA^^

izfrfnu blh izdkj ml eqjyhokys dh ppkZ gksrhA izfrfnu uxj dh izR;sd xyh esa mldk

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(69)

eknd] e`nqy Loj lqukbZ iM+rk & **cPpksa dks cgykus okyk] eqjfy;kokykA^^

jksfg.kh us Hkh eqjyhokys dk ;g Loj lqukA rqjar gh mls f[kykSus okys dk Lej.k gks vk;kA mlus

eu gh eu dgk &**f[kykSusokyk Hkh blh rjg xk&xkdj f[kykSus cspk djrk FkkA^^

jksfg.kh mBdj vius ifr fot; ckcw ds ikl x;h &**tjk ml eqjyhokys dks cqykvks rks] pqUuw

eqUuw ds fy, ys yw¡A D;k irk ;g fQj b/kj vk;s] u vk,A os Hkh] tku iM+rk gS] ikdZ esa [ksyus fudy x,

gSaA^^

fot; ckcw ,d lekpkj i= i<+ jgs FksA mlh rjg mls fy, gq, os njokts ij vkdj eqjyhokys

ls cksys &**D;ksa HkbZ] fdl rjg nsrs gks eqjyh \^^

fdlh dh Vksih xyh esa fxj iM+hA fdlh dk twrk ikdZ esa gh NwV x;k] vkSj fdlh dh lksFkuh

¼iktkek½ gh <hyh gksdj yVd vkbZ gSA bl rjg nkSM+rs gk¡Qrs gq, cPpksa dk >q.M vk igq¡pkA ,d Loj

ls lc cksy mBs & **ve ch ysans eqYyh] vkSj ve ch ysans eqYyhA^^

eqjyhokyk g"kZ xn~xn gks mBkA cksyk &**lcdks nsaxs HkS;k! ysfdu t+jk #dks] Bgjks] ,d ,d dks

nsus nksA vHkh bruh tYnh ge dgha ykSV FkksM+s gh tk,¡xsA cspus rks vk, gh gSa] vkSj gSa Hkh bl le; esjs

ikl ,d nks ugha] iwjh lÙkkouA ------gk¡ ckcwth] D;k iwNk Fkk vkius] fdrus esa nhaA-----nh rks oSls rhu rhu

iSls ds fglkc ls gS] ij vkidks nks nks iSls esa gh ns nw¡xkA^^

fot; ckcw Hkhrj ckgj nksuksa :iksa esa eqLdjk fn,A eu gh eu dgus yxs&dSlk gSA nsrk rks

lcdks blh Hkko ls gS] ij eq> ij myVk ,glku ykn jgk gSA fQj cksys&**rqe yksxksa dh >wB cksyus dh

vknr gksrh gSA nsrs gksaxs lHkh dks nks nks iSls esa] ij ,glku dk cks>k esjs gh Åij ykn jgs gksA^^

eqjyhokyk ,dne vizfrHk gks mBkA cksyk&**vkidks D;k irk ckcw th fd budh vlyh ykxr

D;k gSA ;g rks xzkgdksa dk nLrwj gksrk gS fd nqdkunkj pkgs gkfu mBkdj pht D;ksa u csps] ij xzkgd

;gh le>rs gSa&nqdkunkj eq>s ywV jgk gSA vki Hkyk dkgs dks fo'okl djsaxs\ ysfdu lp iwfN, rks

ckcwth] vlyh nke nks gh iSlk gSA vki dgha ls nks iSls esa ;s eqjfy;k¡ ugha ik ldrsA eSaus rks iwjh ,d

gtkj cuokbZ Fkha] rc eq>s bl Hkko iM+h gSaA^^

fot; ckcw cksys&**vPNk] eq>s T;knk oDr ugha] tYnh ls nks Bks fudky nksA^^

nks eqjfy;k¡ ysdj fot; ckcw fQj edku ds Hkhrj igq¡p x,A eqjyhokyk nsj rd mu cPPkksa ds

>qaM esa eqjfy;k¡ csprk jgkA mlds ikl dbZ jax dh eqjfy;k¡ FkhaA cPps tks jax ilan djrs] eqjyhokyk

mlh jax dh eqjyh fudky nsrkA

**;g cM+h eqjyh gSA rqe ;gh ys yks ckcw] jktk ckcw rqEgkjs yk;d rks cl ;g gSA gk¡ HkS;s] rqedks

ogh nsaxsA ;s yksA-----rqedks oSlh u pkfg,] ;g ukjaxh jax dh] vPNk ogh yksA -------ys vk, iSls \vPNk] ;s

yks rqEgkjs fy, eSaus igys gh ls ;g fudky j[kh Fkh-----! rqedks iSls ugha feysA rqeus vEek ls Bhd rjg

ek¡xs u gksaxsA /kksrh idM+dj iSjksa esa fyiVdj] vEek ls iSls ek¡xs tkrs gSa ckcw! gk¡] fQj tkvksA vcdh ckj

fey tk,¡xs-----A nqvUuh gS \rks D;k gqvk] ;s yks iSls okil yksA Bhd gks x;k u fglkc \-----fey x, iSls

\ns[kks] eSaus rjdhc crkbZA vPNk] vc rks fdlh dks ugha ysuk gS \ lc ys pqds \ rqEgkjh ek¡ ds ikl iSls

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(70)

ugha gSa \ vPNk] rqe Hkh ;g yksA vPNk] rks vc eSa pyrk gw¡A^^

bl rjg eqjyhokyk fQj vkxs c<+ x;kA

3

vkt vius edku esa cSBh gqbZ jksfg.kh eqjyhokys dh lkjh ckrsa lqurh jghA vkt Hkh mlus vuqHko

fd;k] cPpksa ds lkFk brus I;kj ls ckrssa djus okyk Qsjhokyk igys dHkh ugha vk;kA fQj og lkSnk Hkh

dSlk lLrk csprk gSA Hkyk vkneh tku iM+rk gSA le; dh ckr gS] tks cspkjk bl rjg ekjk ekjk fQjrk

gSA isV tks u djk;s] lks FkksM+kA

blh le; eqjyhokys dk {kh.k Loj nwljh fudV dh xyh ls lqukbZ iM+k & **cPpksa dks

cgykusokyk] eqjyhokyk!^^

jksfg.kh bls lqudj eu gh eu dgus yxh& vkSj Loj dSlk ehBk gS bldk!

cgqr fnuksa rd jksfg.kh dks eqjyhokys dk og ehBk Loj vkSj mldh cPpksa ds izfr os LusgflDr

ckrsa ;kn vkrh jghaA eghus vk, vkSj pys x,A fQj eqjyhokyk u vk;kA /khjs&/khjs mldh Le`fr Hkh {kh.k

gks xbZA

4

vkB ekl ckn &

lnhZ ds fnu FksA jksfg.kh Luku djds edku dh Nr ij p<+dj vktkuqyafcr ds'k jkf'k lq[kk

jgh FkhA blh le; uhps dh xyh esa lqukbZ iM+k & **cPpksa dks cgykusokyk] feBkbZokykA^^

feBkbZokys dk Loj mlds fy, ifjfpr Fkk] >V ls jksfg.kh uhps mrj vkbZA ml le; mlds

ifr edku esa ugha FksA gk¡] mudh o`)k nknh FkhaA jksfg.kh muds fudV vkdj cksyh&**nknh] pqUuw eqUuw ds

fy, feBkbZ ysuh gSA tjk dejs esa pydj Bgjkvks rksA eSa m/kj dSls tkÅ¡] dksbZ vkrk u gks tjk gVdj eSa

Hkh fpd dh vksV esa cSBh jgw¡xhA^^

nknh mBdj dejs esa vkdj cksyh&**,s feBkbZokys] b/kj vkukA^^

feBkbZokyk fudV vk x;kA cksyk &**fdruh feBkbZ nw¡ ek¡ \ ;s u, rjg dh feBkb;k¡ gSa jax

fcjaxh] dqN dqN [kV~Vh] dqN dqN ehBh] tk;dsnkj] cM+h nsj rd eq¡g esa fVdrh gSaA tYnh ugha ?kqyrhA

cPps cM+s pko ls pwlrs gSaA bu xq.kksa ds flok ;s [kk¡lh Hkh nwj dj ldrh gS! fdruh nw¡ \ piVh] xksy

igynkj xksfy;k¡ gSaA iSls dh lksyg nsrk gw¡A^^

nknh cksyh &**lksyg rks cgqr de gksrh gSa] Hkyk iphl rks nsrsA^^ feBkbZokyk &**ugha nknh]

vf/kd ugha ns ldrkA bruk Hkh nsrk gw¡] ;g vc eSa rqEgsa D;k-----A [kSj] eSa vf/kd u ns ldw¡xkA^^

jksfg.kh nknh ds ikl gh FkhA cksyh &**nknh] fQj Hkh dkQh lLrk ns jgk gSA pkj iSls dh ys yksA

;g iSls jgsA

feBkbZokyk feBkb;k¡ fxuus yxkA

**rks pkj dh ns nksA vPNk] iPphl ugha lgh] chl gh nksA vjs gk¡] eSa cw<+h gqbZ eksy Hkko vc eq>s

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(71)

T;knk djuk vkrk Hkh ughaA^^

dgrs gq, nknh ds iksiys eq¡g ls tjk lh eqLdjkgV Hkh QwV fudyhA

jksfg.kh us nknh ls dgk&**nknh] blls iwNks] rqe bl 'kgj esa vkSj Hkh dHkh vk, Fks ;k igyh ckj

vk, gks \ ;gk¡ ds fuoklh rks rqe gks ughaA^^

nknh us bl dFku dks nksgjkus dh ps"Vk dh gh Fkh fd feBkbZokys us mÙkj fn;k &**igyh ckj

ugha vkSj Hkh dbZ ckj vk pqdk gw¡A^^

jksfg.kh fpd dh vkM+ gh ls cksyh &**igys ;gh feBkbZ csprs gq, vk, Fks] ;k vkSj dksbZ pht

ysdj \^^

feBkbZ okyk g"kZ] la'k; vkSj foLe;kfn Hkkoksa esa Mwcdj cksyk &**blls igys eqjyh ysdj vk;k

Fkk] vkSj mlls Hkh igys f[kykSus ysdjA^^

jksfg.kh dk vuqeku Bhd fudykA vc rks og mlls vkSj Hkh dqN ckrsa iwNus ds fy, vfLFkj gks

mBhA og cksyh &**bu O;olk;ksa esa Hkyk rqEgsa D;k feyrk gksxk \

og cksyk &**feyrk Hkyk D;k gS! ;gh [kkus Hkj dks fey tkrk gSA dHkh ugha Hkh feyrk gSA ij

gk¡] larks"k] /khjt vkSj dHkh dHkh vlhe lq[k t:j feyrk gS vkSj ;gh eSa pkgrk Hkh gw¡A^^

**lks dSls \og Hkh crkvks \^^

**vc O;FkZ mu ckrksa dh D;ksa ppkZ d:¡ \mUgsa vki tkus gh nsaA mu ckrksa dks lqudj vkidks nq%[k

gh gksxkA^^

**tc bruk crk;k gS] rc vkSj Hkh crk nksA eSa cgqr mRlqd gw¡A rqEgkjk gtkZ u gksxkA feBkbZ eSa

vkSj Hkh dqN ys yw¡xhA^^

vfr'k; xaHkhjrk ds lkFk feBkbZokys us dgk &**eSa Hkh vius uxj dk ,d izfrf"Br vkneh FkkA

edku] O;olk;] xkM+h ?kksM+s] ukSdj pkdj lHkh dqN FkkA L=h Fkh] NksVs NksVs nks cPps Hkh FksA esjk og lksus

dk lalkj FkkA ckgj laifÙk dk oSHko Fkk] Hkhrj lkalkfjd lq[k FkkA L=h lqUnjh Fkh] esjh izk.k FkhaA cPps ,sls

lqUnj Fks] tSls lksus ds ltho f[kykSusA mudh vB[ksfy;ksa ds ekjs ?kj esa dksykgy epk jgrk FkkA le;

dh xfr! fo/kkrk dh yhykA vc dksbZ ugha gSA nknh] izk.k fudkys ugha fudysA blfy, vius mu cPpksa

dh [kkst esa fudyk gw¡A os lc vUr esa gksaxs] rks ;gha dghaA vkf[kj] dgha u dgha tUesa gh gksaxsA ml rjg

jgrk] ?kqy?kqy dj ejrkA bl rjg lq[k larks"k ds lkFk e:¡xkA bl rjg ds thou esa dHkh dHkh vius

mu cPpksa dh ,d >yd lh fey tkrh gSA ,slk tku iM+rk gS] tSls os bUgha esa mNy mNydj g¡l&[ksy

jgs gSaA iSlksa dh deh FkksM+s gh gS] vkidh n;k ls iSls rks dkQh gSA tks ugha gS] bl rjg mlh dks ik tkrk

gw¡A

jksfg.kh us vc feBkbZokys dh vksj ns[kk& mldh vk¡[ksa vk¡lqvksa ls rj gSaA

bl le; pqUuw eqUuw vk x,A jksfg.kh ls fyiVdj] mldk vk¡py idM+ dj cksys &**vEek¡]

feBkbZ!^^

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(72)

**eq>ls yksA^^ ;g dgdj rRdky dkxn dh nks iqfM+;k¡] feBkb;ksa ls Hkjh] feBkbZokys us pqUuw

eqUuw dks ns nhaA

jksfg.kh us Hkhrj ls iSls Qsad fn,A

feBkbZokys us isVh mBkbZ] vkSj dgk &**vc bl ckj ;s iSls u yw¡xkA^^

nknh cksyh & **vjs vjs] u u vius iSls fy, tk HkkbZ!^^

rc rd vkxs fQj lqukbZ iM+k mlh izdkj eknd e`nqy Loj esa &**cPpksa dks cgykus okyk

feBkbZokykA^^

ÛÛÛ

eknd&u'khys@ e/kqj&ehBs] lquus esa fiz;@ LusgkfHkf"kDr daB&Lusg esa Hkhxk xyk@

e`nqy&dksey@ vizfrHk&mnkl@ vfr'k;&vR;f/kd

1- eqjyhokyk ,dne vizfrHk gks mBk &

¼d½ vius ij vfo'okl fd, tkus ds dkj.kA

¼[k½ oLrqvksa dk vf/kd ewY; ysus ds dkj.kA

¼x½ fot; ckcw dh dqfVy eqLdku ds dkj.kA

¼?k½ eqjyh u fcdus dh fpark ds dkj.kA ¼ ½

2- feBkbZokyk xyh xyh feBkbZ csprk fQjrk Fkk &

¼d½ iSlk dekus ds fy,

¼[k½ vius cPpksa dks [kkstus ds fy,

¼x½ cPpksa dks izlUu djus ds fy,

¼?k½ ifjokj ikyu djus ds fy, ¼ ½

1- feBkbZokyk dgkuh ds dgkuhdkj dkSu gSa \

2- feBkbZokyk dgkuh esa fdu fdu :iksa esa vk;k Fkk \

3- eqjyhokyk fdl rjg dk lkQk ck¡/krk Fkk \

4- cPpksa ls f[kykSus dh dher lqudj jksfg.kh us D;k lkspk \

5- eqjyhokyk fdrus iSls esa eqjyh csprk Fkk \

1- feBkbZokyk dgkuh dh ewy laosnuk D;k gS \

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'kCnkFkZ &

oLrqfu"B iz'u &


y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u &

(73)

2- *isV tks u djk;s lks FkksM+k gS^ bl dFku ls feBkbZokys dk dkSu lk euksHkko izdV gksrk gS \

3- feBkbZokys us viuh feBkb;ksa dh D;k D;k fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb± \

4- feBkbZokyk viuk lkeku lLrs esa D;ksa csprk Fkk \

5- eqjyhokys us cPpksa dks viuh ek¡ ls iSls ek¡xus dk D;k rjhdk crk;k \

1- *feBkbZokyk^ dgkuh cky euksfoKku ds fofo/k dks.kksa dks Li"V djrh gSA^ mDr dFku

dh mnkgj.k leh{kk dhft,A

2- vfr'k; xaHkhjrk ds lkFk feBkbZokys us jksfg.kh dks viuh D;k dgkuh lqukbZ \

3- ikB esa vk, fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'kksa dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft, &

¼d½ **vkidks D;k irk ckcwth---------bl Hkko iM+h gSA^^

¼[k½ **ml rjg jgrk---------mlh dks ik tkrk gw¡A^^

ÛÛÛ

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fuca/kkRed iz'u &

(74)

15- Hkkjrh; laLÑfr

ckcw xqykcjk;

ys[kd ifjp; &

ewy ikB &

ckcw xqykcjk; dk tUe lu~ 1888 dks bVkok esa gqvkA vki Nrjiqj fj;klr ds egkjkt ds

izkbZosV lsØsVjh jgs Fks] ckn esa vkxjk ds lS.V tksUl dkWyst esa izksQslj jgsA ckcwth euu'khy O;fDr FksA

fganh ds iz[;kr vkykspd] fuca/kdkj ,oa laiknd ds :i esa ckcw xqykcjk; us iz'kaluh; lkfgR; lsok

dhA *lkfgR; lans'k^ uked i= }kjk vkius lkfgR; txr dh [kwc lsok dhA bl i= eas vkids HkkokRed

vkSj fopkjkRed nksuksa izdkj ds ys[k izdkf'kr gq,A

vkidk dkO;'kkL=] fuca/k ,oa vkykspuk ds {ks= esa leku vf/kdkj FkkA *Byqvk Dyc^] *esjh

vlQyrk,¡^] *dqN xgjs dqN mFkys^ muds Js"B fuca/k laxzg gSaA muds fuca/k O;fDrijd] fopkjijd ,oa

laLej.kkRed gSaA vkids ys[k xaHkhj vkSj fopkj iw.kZ gSaA ys[kksa esa lthork gS] e/kqj O;aX; vkSj gkL; ds iqV

ls vkids ys[kksa esa okrkZyki dk lk vkuan vkrk gSA ckcw xqykcjk; us O;k[;kRed 'kSyh dk iz;ksx djrs

gq, xaHkhj vkykspdh; eqæk dks R;kx dj vukSipkfjd :i ls ys[ku dk;Z fd;k gSA

vkids fopkjkRed fuca/kksa dh Hkk"kk esa rRle 'kCnksa ds lkFk mnwZ ds 'kCnksa vkSj eqgkojksa dk iz;ksx

feyrk gSA Hkkoiw.kZ ys[kksa esa Hkk"kk xaHkhj gSA xqykcjk; th dh Hkk"kk fo"k;kuqdwy ljy vkSj xaHkhj jgh gSA

xaHkhj fo"k;ksa ij fy[ks x, ys[kksa dh Hkk"kk laLÑr xfHkZr gS rFkk gkL; jl ij fy[ks x, ys[kksa dh Hkk"kk

mnwZ 'kCnksa vkSj eqgkojksa ls ;qDr gSA Hkk"kk dh fofo/krk vkids xaHkhj Kku dk izek.k gSA Hkk"kk dh rjg 'kSyh

Hkh fo"k;kuqdwy xos"k.kkRed vkSj leh{kkRed cu xbZ gSA

*laLÑfr^ 'kCn dk laca/k laLdkj ls gS ftldk vFkZ gS la'kks/ku djuk] mÙke cukuk] ifj"dkj

djukA vaxjsth 'kCn *dYpj^ esa ogh /kkrq gS tks *,xzhdYpj^ esa gSA bldk Hkh vFkZ *iSnk djuk] lq/kkjuk^

gSA laLdkj O;fDr ds Hkh gksrs gSa vkSj tkfr ds HkhA tkrh; laLdkjksa dks gh laLÑfr dgrs gSaA laLÑfr ,d

lewgokpd 'kCn gSA tyok;q ds vuqdwy jgu lgu dh fof/k;k¡ vkSj fopkj ijaijk,¡ tkfr ds yksxksa esa

n`<+ewy gks tkus ls tkfr ds laLdkj cu tkrs gSaA budks izR;sd O;fDr viuh futh izÑfr ds vuqdwy

U;wukf/kd ek=k esa iSr`d laifÙk ds :i esa izkIr djrk gSA ;s laLdkj O;fDr ds ?kjsyw thou rFkk

lkekftd thou esa ifjyf{kr gksrs gSaA equ"; vdsyk jgdj Hkh buls NqVdkjk ugha ik ldrkA ;s laLdkj

nwljs ns'k esa fuokl djus vFkok nwljs ns'kokfl;ksa ds laidZ esa vkus ls dqN ifjofrZr Hkh gks ldrs gSa vkSj

dHkh dHkh nc Hkh tkrs gSa( fdarq vuqdwy okrkoj.k izkIr djus ij fQj mHkj vkrs gSaA

laLÑfr dk ckg~; i{k Hkh gksrk gS vkSj vkarfjd HkhA mldk ckg~; i{k vkarfjd dk izfrfcEc

ugha rks mlls lacaf/kr vo'; jgrk gSA gekjs ckg~; vkpkj] gekjs fopkjksa vkSj eukso`fÙk;ksa ds ifjpk;d

gksrs gSaA laLÑfr ,d ns'k fo'ks"k dh mit gksrh gS] mldk laca/k ns'k ds HkkSfrd okrkoj.k vkSj mlds

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(75)

ikfyr] iksf"kr ,oa ifjof)Zr fopkjksa ls gksrk gSA

Hkk"kk laLÑfr dk dqN ckgjh vax lk gS] fQj Hkh og gekjh tkrh; eukso`fÙk dh ifjpkf;dk gksrh

gSA *dq'ky^ 'kCn dks gh yhft,( og gekjh ml laLÑfr dh vksj ladsr djrk gS ftlesa fd iwtk fo/kku

dh laiUurk ds fy, dq'k ykuk ,d nSfud dk;Z cuk gqvk FkkA tks dq'k yk ldrk Fkk og rUnq#Lr Hkh

vkSj gksf'k;kj Hkh le>k tkrk FkkA *izoh.k^ dk laca/k oh.kk ls gS & izd"kZ% oh.kk;ka izoh.k%A gekjh Hkk"kk esa

*xks^ ls lacaf/kr 'kCnksa dk ckgqY; gS( tSls xks/kwfy csyk ¼ftlesa fookg tSls 'kqHk dk;Z laiUu gksrs gSa ½]

xks"Bh] xos"k.kk ¼ xk; dh pkg ;k [kkst ds vFkZ foLrkj }kjk xos"k.kk dk vFkZ *[kkst^ gks x;k½] xok{k ¼xkS

dh vk¡[k f[kM+fd;ksa dk vkdkj 'kk;n igys xksy gksrk gksxk½] xqjlh ¼ v¡xhBh xksjlh ls cuh gS ftlesa xkS

dk nw/k vkSVk;k tkrk Fkk½] xksiqPN ¼ukVd dks xkS dh iw¡N ds leku crk;k x;k gS & var esa vkdj ewy

dFkk gh jg tkrh gS vkSj mldk QSyko can gks tkrk gS½] xkseq[kh ¼ftlds Hkhrj ekyk Qsjh tkrh gS vkSj

ftlls ty fxjrk gS mls Hkh dgrs gSa ½] xksiu ¼fNikuk&;g 'kCn Hkh xkS ls laca/k j[krk gS( tks oLrq ikyh

tkrh gS] lqjf{kr j[kh tkrh gS] og fNikdj Hkh j[kh tkrh gS½ vkfnA ;g ckgqY; gekjs lekt esa xkS dh

iz/kkurk dk |ksrd gSA

Hkkjr xje ns'k gSA ;gk¡ ân; dks 'khry djuk eqgkojk gS] fdarq vkaXy ns'k BaMk gS] ogk¡ dh

ifjfLFkfr ds vuqdwy warm reception vkSj cold treatment vkfn eqgkojs gSaA breaking the

ice ekSu Hkax djus ds vFkZ esa vkrk gSA ice BaMsiu dk izrhd gS vkSj ekSu BaMsiu dk gh |ksrd gSA

v¡xzsth dk iz;ksx killing two birds with one stone ogk¡ dh fgalkRed izo`fÙk dk ifjpk;d gSA

gekjs ;gk¡ bldk vuqokn gqvk gS *,d <sys esa nks iaNh^ fdarq mlesa og e/kqjrk ugha tks *,d iaFk nks dkt^

esa gSA mlds dgrs gh gedks *xksjl cspu gfj feyu] ,d iaFk nks dkt^ dh ckr ;kn vk tkrh gSA

gekjk jgu lgu] iks'kkd vkfn lHkh ckrsa tkrh; ifjfLFkfr] ns'k ds okrkoj.k vkSj ns'k dh

Hkkoukvksa ls lacaf/kr gSaA tehu ij cSBuk] gkFk ls [kkuk] ugkdj [kkuk] yEcs <hys diM+s iguuk] csflys

diM+ksa dks vf/kd 'kq) ekuuk] ;s lc phtsa ns'k dh vko';drkvksa vkSj vkn'kks± ds vuqdwy gSaA xje ns'k esa

i`Foh dk Li'kZ cqjk ugha yxrkA blhfy, ;gk¡ twrksa dk bruk eku ugha gS ftruk fd foyk;r esaA ;gk¡

gkFk ls [kkus dk pyu blfy, gqvk fd ;gk¡ gj le; gkFk /kks;s tk ldrs gSaA vUu dks Hkh nsork ekuk

tkrk gS] mlls lh/kk laidZ vf/kd lq[kn vkSj LokHkkfod le>k tkrk gSA ;gk¡ ugkus ds fy, ty dh

deh ugha vkSj ugkus dh vko';drk Hkh vf/kd gksrh gS] blfy, ugkuk /keZ dk vax gks x;k gSA

bl ns'k esa 'kjhj dks vf/kd egÙo ugha fn;k tkrk gSA blfy, yEcs diM+ksa dks] tks 'kjhj dks

mHkkj esa u ykosa vkSj mls iw.kZr;k <d ysa] vf/kd egÙo fn;k tkrk gSA csflys diM+s tSls /kksrh vkfn

fuR; lgt esa /kks;s tk ldrs gSaA mlesa lhou dk Hkh fdlh izdkj dk eSy ugha jg ldrk gS] blhfy, os

vf/kd ifo= ekus tkrs gSaA gekjs ;gk¡ uaxs flj dh vis{kk lj <duk vf/kd lkaLÑfrd le>k tkrk gSA

,slk lHkh iwohZ ns'kksa esa gSA ;gwfn;ksa ds izkFkZuk Hkouksa esa Hkh uaxs flj ugha cSBrsA cky Hkh 'kjhj ds vax gksus

ds dkj.k <ds tkus dh vis{kk j[krs gSaA

blh izdkj ns'k ds okrkoj.k vkSj #fp ds vuqdwy gh ekaxY; oLrqvksa dk fo/kku fd;k tkrk gSA

Qwyksa esa gekjs ;gk¡ dey dks lcls vf/kd egÙo fn;k tkrk gSA bldk laca/k ty vkSj lw;Z nksuksa ls gSA

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og ty esa jgrk gS vkSj lw;Z dks ns[kdj izlUu gksrk gSA ty vkSj lw;Z ns'k dh egrh vko';drkvksa esa ls

gSa] bldk nksuksa ls laca/k gSA dey gh lc izdkj ds 'kkjhfjd lkSan;Z dk mieku curk gS & pj.k&dey]

us= dey] eq[k dey vkfn dey dh egÙkk ds |ksrd gSaA **uo dat ykspu dat eq[k dj dat in

datk#.ke~^^ bl Nan esa lHkh vax dey cu x, gSaA

vkez ¼jlky½] dnyh] nwokZny] ukfj;y] JhQy ¼'kjhQk½ vkfn dks ekaxY; dk;ks± esa izeq[k LFkku

fn;k tkrk gSA vke ;gk¡ dk fo'ks"k esok gSA blesa jl Hkjk jgrk gS vkSj bldk ckSj clUr dk vxznwr gSA

gekjs ;gk¡ v'oRFk ¼ihiy½ dks Hkh fo'ks"k egÙkk nh xbZ gSA Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk esa Hkxoku~ dh foHkwfr;ksa esa

v'oRFk dks Hkh ekuk x;k gS & *v'oRFk% loZ o`{kk.kke~A^ Hkkjrh; laLÑfr esa ftu ftu oLrqvksa dks egÙkk

nh xbZ gS os lc Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk esa Hkxoku~ dh foHkwfr;ksa ds :i esa vk xbZ gSaA Hkxoku~ cq) dks Hkh

v'oRFk o`{k ds gh uhps cq)Ro izkIr gqvk FkkA LFkkoj oLrqvksa esa fgeky; dks] lfjrkvksa esa xaxk dks] if{k;ksa

esa x#M+ dks rFkk _rqvksa esa clUr _rq dks egÙkk nh xbZ gSA L=hfyax phtksa esa dhfrZ] ok.kh] Le`fr] cqf)

vkSj /k`fr ¼/kS;Z½ dks egÙkk nh xbZ gSA ;g Hkh gekjh tkrh; eukso`fÙk dk ifjpk;d gSA

;g rks jgs laLÑfr ds ckg~; vaxA laLÑfr ds vkarfjd vaxksa ij Hkkjr esa fo'ks"k cy fn;k x;k

gSA /keZ xzaFkksa esa vPNs euq";ksa ds tks y{k.k cryk, x, gSa] euqLe`fr esa tks /k`fr] {kek] n;k] vLrs;] 'kkSp]

bfUæ; fuxzg] /kh] fo|k] lR; vkSj vØks/k /keZ ds nl y{k.k cryk, x, gSa] os lc Hkkjrh;ksa dh ekufld

vkSj vk/;kfRed laLÑfr ds vax gSaA Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk esa nSoh lEink okyksa ds y{k.k fn, x, gSa ftuesa

*vHk;^ dks lcls igyk LFkku fn;k x;k gSA fLFkrizK ds y{k.k ¼nwljk v/;k;½] lkfRod phtksa ds y{k.k

¼l=gok¡ v/;k;½ vkfn lc Hkkjrh; laLÑfr ds vuqdwy lH; vkSj f'k"V iq#"k ds y{k.k gSaA blfy, lHkh

egkdkO; ,sls y{k.kksa ls Hkjs iM+s gSaA *j?kqoa'k^ esa j?kqdqy ds jktkvksa ds tks xq.k cryk, x, gSa] os u dsoy

Hkkjr ds lkaLÑfrd vkn'kks± ds ifjpk;d gSa] cfYd muls vrhr dk HkO; fp= gekjs lEeq[k vk tkrk gSA

nsf[k, &

**nwljksa dks nku nsus ds fy, gh tks lEiUu curs Fks ¼mudk /ku nkuk; Fkk½] lR; ds fy, gh

ferHkk"kh cus gq, Fks ¼feF;kfHkeku ds dkj.k os de ckrphr ugha djrs Fks½] tks ;'k ds fy, fot; izkIr

djrs Fks ¼/ku jkT; Nhuus ds fy, ugha ½ ¼;'k dks vius ;gk¡ vf/kd egÙo fn;k x;k gSA gekjs iwoZt ;'k

ds fy, leLr laink vkSj oSHko R;kxus dks lnSo rRij jgrs FksA vtqZu ls Hkh JhÑ".k us vafre vihy

;gh dh Fkh & *;'kks yHkLo^½] larku ds fy, ¼dkeksiHkksx ds fy, ugha] oju~ fir` _.k pqdkus vkSj lekt

dks vPNs ukxfjd nsus ds vFkZ½ tks x`gLFk curs Fks] ckY;koLFkk esa tks fo|k/;;u djrs Fks] ;kSou esa fo"k;

Hkksx djus okys] o`)koLFkk esa eqfuo`fÙk dks /kkj.k djus okys vkSj ;ksx }kjk 'kjhj dks R;kxus okys

¼vktdy rks jksxs.kkUrs ruqR;tke~ dh ckr gks xbZ gS½ ,sls j?kqoaf'k;ksa ds dqy dk eSa ¼dkfynkl½ o.kZu

djrk gw¡( ;|fi esjs ikl ok.kh dk oSHko vf/kd ugha gSA blls irk pyrk gS fd izkphu Hkkjr esa R;kx]

lR;] ;'k] vkJe&foHkkx vkSj lkekftd dY;k.k dh vksj vf/kd /;ku fn;k tkrk FkkA la{ksi esa Hkkjrh;

laLÑfr ds eq[; eq[; vax bl izdkj cryk, tk ldrs gSa &

¼1½ vk/;kfRedrk & blds vUrxZr u'oj 'kjhj dk frjLdkj] ijyksd] lR;] vfgalk] ri

vkfn vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa dks vf/kd egÙo nsuk] vkokxeu dh Hkkouk] bZ'ojh; U;k; esa fo'okl vkfn ckrsa

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gSaA gekjs ;gk¡ fd laLÑfr riksou laLÑfr jgh gS ftlesa foLrkj gh foLrkj Fkk & *izFke lke jo ro

riksous izFke izHkkr roxeusA^ foLrkj ds okrkoj.k esa vkRek dk ladqfpr :i ugha jg ldrk Fkk

blh ds vuqdwy vkRek dk loZO;kid foLrkj ekuk x;k gSA blhfy, gekjs ;gk¡ loZHkwr fgr ij vf/kd

egÙo fn;k x;k gS & *vkReor~ loZHkwrs"kq ;% i';fr l% i';frA^

dhjh vkSj daqtj esa ,d gh vkRek dk foLrkj ns[kk tkrk gSA blh ls xka/khth dh loksZn; dh

Hkkouk dks cy feykA gekjs ;gk¡ ds euh"kh *losZ HkoUrq lqf[ku% losZ lUrq fujke;k%^ dk ikB i<+rs FksA

u'oj 'kjhj ds frjLdkj dh Hkkouk gekjs ;gk¡ ds yksxksa dks cM+s cM+s cfynkuksa ds fy, rS;kj dj

ldhA f'kfo] n/khfp] eksj/ot blds ToyUr mnkgj.k gSaA egkjkt fnyhi us xq# dh izlUurk ds fy,

ufUnuh uke dh xkS dks pjkus dk ozr /kkj.k fd;k FkkA mldh flag ls j{kk djus ds fy, os vius izk.kksa dk

Hkh mRlxZ djus dks rS;kj gks tkrs gSaA os flag ls dgrs gSa fd ;fn rqe eq> ij n;k gh djuk pkgrs gks rks

esjs ;'k 'kjhj ij n;k djks( iapHkwrksa ls cus gq, uk'koku~ 'kjhj ds fi.Mksa ij eq> tSls yksxksa dh vkLFkk

ugha gksrhA gekjs ;gk¡ dk ekxZ lk/kuk dk ekxZ jgk gS vkSj ri] R;kx vkSj la;e dks egÙkk nh xbZ gSA D;k

ckS)] D;k tSu vkSj D;k oS".ko] lHkh yksx bu xq.kksa dh ljkguk djrs gSaA

gekjs ;gk¡ dh vk/;kfRedrk eu vkSj cqf) ls ijs tkrh gSA og vkRek dk lk{kkr~ vuqHko djuk

pkgrh gSaA ;gh Hkkjrh; vkSj ik'pkR; n'kZuksa dk varj gSA gekjs n'kZu dk vFkZ vkRek dk n'kZu gh gS]

ik'pkR; ns'kksa esa og cqf) foykl ds :i esa jgk gSA

¼2½ leUo; cqf) & vkRek dh ,drk ds vk/kkj ij gekjs ;gk¡ vusdrk esa ,drk ns[kh xbZ gSA

blh ls feyrh tqyrh leUo; Hkkouk gSA gekjs fopkjdksa us lHkh oLrqvksa esa lR; ds n'kZu fd,

gSaA mudk /keZ vfojks/kh /keZ jgk gSA

blhfy, gekjs ;gk¡ /keZ&ifjorZu dks fo'ks"k egÙo ugha fn;k x;k gSA fQj Hkh laLÑfr;ksa dk

vknku iznku gqvk gSA rqylhnklth tSls egkRek us] tks Hkkjrh; laLÑfr ds izfrfuf/k dgs tk ldrs gSa]

leUo; cqf) ls gh dke fy;k FkkA mUgksaus 'kSo vkSj oS".koksa dk] Kku vkSj HkfDr dk rFkk v}Sr vkSj

fof'k"Vk}Sr dk leUo; fd;k FkkA vk/kqfud dfo;ksa esa izlknth us viuh *dkek;uh^ esa Kku] bPNk vkSj

fØ;k dk leUo; fd;k gSA ekuo dY;k.k esa Kku] bPNk] fØ;k dk ikFkZD; gh ck/kd gksrk gSA

Kku nwj dqN] fØ;k fHkUu gS] bPNk iwjh D;ksa gks eu dhA

,d nwljs ls u fey lds] ;g foMEcuk gS thou dhAA

¼3½ o.kkZJe foHkkx & gekjh laLÑfr esa dk;ZfoHkktu dks cM+k egÙo fn;k x;k gSA lekt dks

Hkh pkj Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk gS vkSj ekuo thou dks HkhA lkekftd foHkktu c<+rs c<+rs ladqfpr vkSj

vifjorZuh; cu x;kA vifjorZuh; cuus esa Hkh bruh gkfu u Fkh ;fn lcdk egÙo fl)kUr vkSj

O;ogkj nksuksa esa ,d lk eku fy;k x;k gksrkA dqN yksxksa us Js"Brk dk vf/kdkj dj fy;k vkSj *if.Mr%

lenf'kZu%^ dh ckr Hkwy x,A gekjs lHkh izpkjdksa vkSj lq/kkjdksa us blds fo#) vkokt mBkbZ vkSj mu

lc esa tksjnkj vkokt jgh] Hkxoku~ xkSre cq)] lar dchj vkSj egkRek xk¡/kh dhA iq#"k lwDr us rks pkjksa

o.kks± dks ,d gh fojkV~ 'kjhj dk vax ekuk gS & *czkã.kks·L; eq[keklhr~ ckgw jktU;% Ñr%A^

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,d gh 'kjhj ds fofHkUu vaxksa esa dksbZ Å¡pk&uhpk ugha gksrkA lkekftd laxBu dk gekjs ;gk¡

cgqr Å¡pk vkn'kZ j[kk x;k FkkA oSfnd _f"k;ksa dh rks ;gh Hkkouk Fkh] ysfdu ge mldks Hkqyk cSBsA

¼4½ vfgalk] d#.kk] eS=h vkSj fou; & bu pkj xq.kksa dks blfy, gh j[kk x;k gS fd buds

ewy esa vfgalk dh Hkkouk gS vkSj d#.kk] eS=h rFkk fou; vfgalk ozr ds ikyu esa lgk;d gksrs gSaA fgalk

dsoy o/k djus esa gh ugha gksrh gS oju~ fdlh dk mfpr Hkkx ys ysus vkSj nwljksa dk th nq[kkus esa HkhA

blhfy, gekjs ;gk¡ *lR;a czw;kr~^ ds lkFk *fiz;a czw;kr~^ dk ikB i<+k;k x;k gSA d#.kk izk;% NksVksa ds izfr

gksrh gS] eS=h cjkcj okyksa ds izfr vkSj fou; cM+ksa ds izfr fdarq gedks lHkh ds izfr f'k"Vrk dk O;ogkj

djuk pkfg,A fou; 'khy dk ,d vax gS] mldks cM+k vko';d ekuk x;k gSA Hkxoku~ Ñ".k us czkã.k ds

fo'ks"k.kksa esa fo|k ds lkFk fou; Hkh yxk;k & *fo|kfou;lEiUus czkã.ksÂ fou; Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dh

,d fo'ks"krk gSA vlkaLÑfrd yksx gh m)r gksrs gSaA

¼5½ izÑfr izse & Hkkjro"kZ ij izÑfr dh fo'ks"k Ñik jgh gSA ;gk¡ lHkh _rq,¡ le; ij vkrh gSa

vkSj i;kZIr dky rd Bgjrh gSaA _rq,¡ vius vuqdwy Qy Qwyksa dk l`tu djrh gSaA /kwi vkSj o"kkZ ds

leku vf/kdkj ds dkj.k ;g Hkwfe 'kL;';keyk gks tkrh gSA ;gk¡ dk uxkf/kjkt fgeky; dfo;ksa dks

lnk ls izsj.kk nsrk vk jgk gS vkSj ;gk¡ dh ufn;k¡ eks{knkf;uh le>h tkrh jgh gSaA ;gk¡ Ñf=e /kwi vkSj

jks'kuh dh vko';drk ugha iM+rhA Hkkjrh; euh"kh taxy esa jguk ilan djrs FksA o`{kksa esa ikuh nsuk ,d

/kkfeZd dk;Z le>rs gSaA lw;Z vkSj paæ n'kZu fuR; vkSj uSfefÙkd dk;ks± esa 'kqHk ekuk tkrk gSA ;gk¡ ds i'kq

i{kh] yrk xqYe vkSj o`{k riksouksa ds thou dk ,d vax cu x, Fks] rHkh rks 'kdqUryk ds ifrx`g tkrs

le; tkus dh mu lcksa ls vkKk pkgrs gSa &

ihNs ihor uhj tks igys rqedks I;k;A

Qwy&ikr rksjfr ugha xgus gw ds pk;AA

tc rqv Qwyu ds fnol vkor gSa lq[knkuA

Qwyh vax lekfr ufga mRlo djr egkuAA

lks ;g tkfr 'kdqUryk vkt fi;k ds xsgA

vkKk nsgq i;ku dh rqe lc lfgr lusgAA

gekjh laLÑfr brus esa gh ladqfpr ugha gSA ikfjokfjdrk ij gekjh laLÑfr esa fo'ks"k cy fn;k

x;k gSA Hkkjrh; laLÑfr esa 'kksd dh vis{kk vkuan dks vf/kd egÙo fn;k x;k gSA blfy, gekjs ;gk¡

'kksdkUr ukVdksa dk fu"ks/k gSA Hkkjr esa vkfrF; dks fo'ks"k egÙo iznku fd;k x;k gSA vfrfFk dks Hkh nsork

ekuk x;k gS & *vfrfFknsoksHkoÂ

gekjh laLÑfr ds ewy vaxksa ij izdk'k Mkyk tk pqdk gSA Hkkjr esa fofHkUu tkfr;ksa ds ikjLifjd

lEidZ esa vkus ls laLÑfr dh leL;k dqN tfVy gks xbZA iqjkus tekus esa æfoM+ vkSj vk;Z laLÑfr dk

leUo; cgqr jhfr ls gks x;k FkkA bl le; eqfLye vkSj vaxzsth laLÑfr dk esy gqvk gSA ge bu

laLÑfr;ksa ls vNwrs ugha jg ldrs gSaA Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dh leUo;'khyrk ;gk¡ Hkh visf{kr gS fdarq

leUo; esa viuk u [kks cSBuk pkfg,A nwljh laLÑfr;ksa ds tks vax gekjh laLÑfr esa vfojks/k :i ls

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viuk, tk ldsa muds }kjk viuh laaLÑfr dks lEiUu cukuk vkifÙktud ughaA viuh laLÑfr vPNh

gks ;k cqjh] pkgs nwljksa dh laLÑfr ls esy [kkrh gks ;k u [kkrh gks] mlls yfTtr gksus dh dksbZ ckr

ughaA

izkphu Hkkjrh; laLÑfr esa /kkfeZd ÑR;ksa esa ,dkUr lk/kuk ij vf/kd cy fn;k x;k gS] ;n~;fi

lkewfgd izkFkZuk dk vHkko ugha gSA gekjs dhrZu vkfn rFkk egkRek xk¡/kh }kjk ifjpkfyr izkFkZuk lHkk,¡

/keZ esa ,dRo dh lkekftd Hkkouk dks mRiUu djrh vkbZ gSA gekjs ;gk¡ lkekftdrk dh vis{kk

ikfjokfjdrk dks egÙo fn;k x;k gSA ikfjokfjdrk dks [kksdj lkekftdrk dks xzg.k djuk rks ew[kZrk

gksxh( fdUrq ikfjokfjdrk ds lkFk lkFk lkekftdrk c<+kuk Js;Ldj gksxkA Hkk"kk vkSj iks'kkd esa viuRo

[kksuk tkrh; O;fDrRo dks frykatft nsuk gksxkA gesa viuh lfEefyr ifjokj dh izFkk dks bruk u c<+k

nsuk pkfg, fd O;fDr dk O;fDrRo gh u jg tk, vkSj u O;fDr dks bruk egÙo nsuk pkfg, fd xq#tuksa

dk vknj Hkko Hkh u jgs vkSj ikfjokfjd ,drk ij dqBkjk?kkr gksA diM+s vkSj twrksa dh lH;rk vkSj de

ls de diM+k iguus vkSj uaxs iSj jgus dh lH;rk esa Hkh leUo; dh vko';drk gSA vaxzsth lH;rk esa

twrksa dk fo'ks"k egÙo gS] fdarq mls vius ;gk¡ ds pkSdk vkSj iwtkx`gksa dh lhek ij vkØe.k u djuk

pkfg,A gekjh lH;rk feV~Vh vkSj ihry ds crZuksa dh gSA gekjh lH;rk LokLF; foKku ds fu;eksa ds

vf/kd vuqdwy gSA ;fn ge dqYgM+ksa ds dwM+s dk vPNk cUnkscLr dj ldsa mlls vPNh dksbZ pht ugha gSA

vkyL; dks oSKkfudrk ij fot; u ikuk pkfg,A v¡xzsth laLÑfr ls Hkh lQkbZ vkSj le; dh ikcUnh dh

cgqr lh ckrsa lh[kh tk ldrh gSa] fdarq viuh laLÑfr ds ewy vaxksa ij /;ku j[krs gq, leUo; cqf) ls

dke ysuk pkfg,A leUo; }kjk gh laLÑfr Øe'k% mUufr djrh jgh gS vkSj vkt Hkh gesa mls

leUo;'khy cukuk gSA

ÛÛÛ

dat&dey@ LFkkoj&fLFkj] vpy@ daqtj&gkFkh@ iapHkwr&i`Foh] ty] vfXu] v k d k ' k ]

iou] ik¡p rRo ftuls 'kjhj cuk gS@ m)r&mxz] izpaM@ 'kL;';keyk&ubZ Qly dh gfj;kyh@

uSfefÙkd&fdlh fo'ks"k iz;kstu dh flf) ds fy, gks@ dqBkjk?kkr&xgjh pksV@ leUo;&la;ksx]

feykiA

1- *Hkkjrh; laLÑfr^ fuca/k ds fuca/kdkj dkSu gSa \

¼d½ ckcw ?ku';kenkl ¼[k½ ckcw xqykcjk;

¼x½ gfj'pUæ ¼?k½ vkpk;Z gtkjh izlkn ¼ ½

2- *xksjl cspu gfj feyu] ,d iaFk nks dkt^ yksdksfDr dk vFkZ gS &

¼d½ nw/k cspus tkuk ¼[k½ gfj ls feyuk

¼x½ ,d le; esa nks dk;Z laiUu gksuk ¼?k½ nks if{k;ksa dks ekjuk ¼ ½

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'kCnkFkZ &

oLrqfu"B iz'u &

(80)


y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u &

fuca/kkRed iz'u &

1- laLÑfr 'kCn dk D;k vFkZ gS \

2- laLÑfr ds fdrus i{k gSa \

3- *dq'ky^ 'kCn dk D;k vFkZ gS \

4- *Hkk"kk^ laLÑfr dk dkSu lk vax gS \

1- euqLe`fr esa vPNs euq"; ds D;k y{k.k crk, x, gSa \

2- *j?kqoa'k^ esa j?kqdqy ds jktkvksa ds dkSu ls xq.k crk, x, gSa \

3- ekaxfyd dk;ks± esa fdu inkFkks± dks izeq[k LFkku fn;k tkrk gS \

4- lk/kuk ekxZ esa fdu rhu xq.kksa dks egÙkk nh xbZ gS \

5- Hkkjrh; vkSj ik'pkR; n'kZu esa izeq[k varj D;k gS \

1- laLÑfr ds ckg~;Lo:i esa fdu ckrksa dks LFkku fn;k tkrk gS \

2- ifrx`g tkrs gq, 'kdqUryk us fduls vkSj D;ksa vkKk izkIr djus dh bPNk O;Dr dh \

3- Hkkjrh; laLÑfr ds izeq[k vaxksa ij la{ksi esa izdk'k Mkfy,A

4- Hkkjrh; laLÑfr esa izÑfr izse dh fo'ks"krk dks lksnkgj.k le>kb,A


¼d½ gekjh laLÑfr brus esa gh ladqfpr ugha gSA ---------------vfrfFk dks Hkh nsork ekuk x;k gS &

*vfrfFknsoksHkoÂ

¼[k½ gekjs ;gk¡ lkekftdrk dh vis{kk-------------ikfjokfjd ,drk ij dqBkjk?kkr gksA

ÛÛÛ

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16- f'kjh"k ds Qwy

vkpk;Z gtkjh çlkn f}osnh

ys[kd ifjp; &

ikB ifjp; &

Hkkjrh; laLÑfr] /keZ] n”kZu vkSj bfrgkl ds vk[;krk] çfln~/k fuca/kdkj] miU;kldkj]

vkykspd ,oa lQy v/;kid jgs vkpk;Z gtkjh çlkn f}osnh dk tUe lu~ 1907 bZå eas cfy;k ftys

¼mÙkjizns'k½ ds *vkjr nqcs dk Nijk^ uked xk¡o eas gqvkA buds firk dk uke Jh vueksy f}osnh ,oa

ekrk dk uke Jherh T;ksfr’erh FkkA buds tUe dk uke cStukFk FkkA tUe ds le; firk dks fdlh

eqdneas esa ,d gtkj #i;s dh çkfIr gksus ij buds firk us budk uke gtkjh çlkn j[k fn;kA budh

çkjafHkd f”k{kk ?kj ij gh gqbZA bUgksaus laLÑr] caxkyh] fgUnh] vaxzsth] Hkk’kkvkas dk xgu v/;;u fd;kA ;s

T;ksfr'k”kkL=fon~ Hkh FksA ;s “kakfrfudsru] dk”kh ,oa iatkc ds fo”ofo|ky;ksa eas fgUnh foHkkx ds v/;{k

jgsA lu~ 1949 bZå eas y[kuÅ fo”ofo|ky; us MhåfyV~å dh mikf/k ls lEekfur fd;k ,oa lu~ 1957 eas

Hkkjr ljdkj us bUgsa *in~eHkw’k.k^ ls vyaÑr fd;kA 19 ebZ lu~ 1979 dks vkidk nsgkolku gqvkA

f}osnh th dk lkfgR; lEcU/kh n`f’Vdks.k vR;ar O;kid ,o mnkj gSA mudk ekuuk gS fd

lkfgR; ekuo lkis{k gSA euq’; dks {kqnzrk vkSj ladh.kZrk ls mckjdj] lkfŸod O;kid HkkoHkwfe ij

çfrf’Br djuk lkfgR; dk y{; gSA f}osnh th dk dguk gS fd eSa lkfgR; dks euq’; dh n`f’V ls ns[kus

dk i{kikrh gw¡A tks okXtky euq’; dks nqxZfr] ghurk vkSj ijeq[kkisf{krk ls cpk u lds] tks mldh vkRek

dks rstksnhIr u cuk lds] tks ân; dks ijnq%[k dkrj vkSj laosnu”khy u cuk lds] mls lkfgR; dgus eas

eq>s ladksp gksrk gSA

f}osnh th us vkykspuk] fucU/k] bfrgkl] miU;kl] laLÑfr vkfn fofo/k {ks=ksa eas viuh

lkfgfR;d çfrHkk dk ifjp; fn;k gS A budh çeq[k jpuk,¡ bl izdkj gSa & fucU/k& *v”kksd ds Qwy*]

*dYiyrk*] *fopkj vkSj fordZ*] *dqVt*] *fopkj&çokg*] *vkyksd ioZ*A *miU;kl &*ck.kHkê dh

vkRedFkk*] *pk#pUnzys[k*] *iquuZok*] *vukenkl dk iksFkk*A vkykspuk] lkfgR;sfrgkl & *lwj

lkfgR;*] *dchj*] *ukFk lEçnk;*] *e/;dkyhu cks/k dk Lo:i*] *dkfynkl dh ykfyR; ;kstuk*]

*lkfgR; lgpj*] *lkfgR; dk /keZ*] fgUnh lkfgR; dh Hkwfedk] *fgUnh lkfgR; dk vkfndky*] fgUnh

lkfgR; % mn~Hko vkSj fodklA laikfnr &*ukFk&fl)kas dh ckfu;k¡*] *lans”k jkld*] *laf{kIr i`Fohjkt

jklks*] *fo”oHkkjrh ¼“kkafrfudsru if=dk dk lEiknu½A /keZ ,oa laLÑfr fo"k;d & *çkphu Hkkjr ds

dykRed fouksn*] *e/; dkyhu /keZ lk/kuk*] *lgt lk/kuk*A

çLrqr yfyr fucU/k *f”kjh’k ds Qwy* ys[kd ds *dYiyrk* uked fucU/k laxzg ls ladfyr gSA

;g lans”k ç/kku fucU/k gS] ftleas f}osnh th us vk¡/kh] yw vkSj xjeh dh çp.Mrk eas vfopy gksdj dksey

iq’iksa dk lkSUn;Z fc[ksjus okys f”kjh’k dh rqyuk vo?kwr ls djrs gq, euq’; dh vt; ftthfo’kk vkSj

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rqeqy dksykgy] la?k’kZ ds chp /kS;ZiwoZd yksd fpUru fgr jg dÙkZO;“khy jgus dks egku ekuoh; ewY;

ds :Ik eas LFkkfir fd;k gSA ys[kd us f”kjh’k ds ek/;e ls bl nk”kZfud lR; dks Hkh vfHkO;Dr fd;k gS

fd euq’; dks ;g le> ysuk pkfg, fd lalkj ifjorZu“khy gS vkSj ifjorZu dh xfr ds vuq:Ik vius

dks <ky ysuk gh vPNk gSA lalkj dk lR; ;gh gS fd tks oLrq ,d fnu iYyfor vkSj iqf’ir gqbZ gS

mldk >M+uk fuf”pr gSA euq’; dks vuklDr Hkko ls thou ;kiu djuk pkfg,A tks ftruk vuklDr

gks ldrk gS] og mruk gh vf/kd lekt ds fy, ;ksxnku ns ldrk gSA vuklfDr ds lkFk lkFk

QDdM+kuk eLrh Hkh t:jh gSA dchj ds QDdM+ O;fDrRo dh rqyuk vo/kwr ls djus ds ckn os xk¡/kh dks

Hkh blh Js.kh esa j[krs gSaA muds vuqlkj dkfynkl Hkh vuklDr dfo FksA blfy, os dkyt;h gks ldsA

tgk¡ cSB ds ;g ys[k fy[k jgk gw¡ mlds vkxs ihNs nk¡, ck¡,] f”kjh’k ds vusd isM+ gaSA tsB dh

tYkrh /kwi eas] tcfd /kfj=h fu/kwZe vfXudqaM cuh gqbZ Fkh] f”kjh’k uhps ls Åij rd Qwykssa ls yn x;k FkkA

de Qwy bl çdkj dh xjeh eas Qwy ldus dh fgEer djrs gSa A df.kZdkj ¼oupaik½ vkSj vkjXo/k

¼veyrkl½ dh ckr eSa Hkwy ugha jgk gw¡A os Hkh vkl ikl cgqr gSA ysfdu f”kjh’k ds lkFk vkjXo/k dh

rqyuk ugha dh tk ldrhA og iUnzg chl fnu ds fy, Qwyrk gS] olar _rq ds iyk’k dh Hkk¡frA dchj

nkl dks bl rjg iUnzg fnu ds fy, ygd mBuk ilan ugha FkkA ;g Hkh D;k fd *nl fnu Qwys vkSj

fQj [ka[kM+ ds [ka[kM+ **fnu nl Qwyk] Qwfyds [ka[kM+ Hk;k iykl^Â Qwy gS f'kjh"kA olUr ds vkxeu

ds lkFk ygd mBrk gS] vk"kk<+ rd rks fuf'pr :i ls eLr cuk jgrk gSA eu je x;k rks Hkjs Hkknksa esa Hkh

fu?kkZr Qwyrk jgrk gSA tc mel ls çk.k mcyrk jgrk gS vkSj yw ls ân; lw[krk jgrk gS] ,dek=

f'kjh"k dkyt;h vo/kwr dh Hkk¡fr thou dh vts;rk dk ea= çpkj djrk gSA ;|fi dfo;ksa dh Hkk¡fr gj

Qwy iÙks dks ns[kdj eqX/k gksus yk;d ân; fo/kkrk us ugha fn;k gS] ij furkar Bw¡B Hkh ugha gw¡A f'kjh"k ds

iq"i esjs ekul esa FkksM+h fgYyksy t:j iSnk djrs gSaA

f'kjh"k ds o`{k cM+s vkSj Nk;knkj gksrs gSaA iqjkus Hkkjr dk jbZl ftu eaxy tud o`{kksa dks viuh

o`{k okfVdk dh pgkjnhokjh ds ikl yxk;k djrk Fkk] muesa ,d f'kjh"k Hkh gSA ¼o`gr~ lafgrk 5513½

v'kksd] vfj"V ¼jhBk dk o`{k½] iqUukx vkSj f'kjh"k ds Nk;knkj vkSj ?ku el`.k gjhfrek ls ifjosf"Vr o`{k

okfVdk t:j cM+h euksgj fn[krh gksxhA okRL;k;u us ¼dke lw= esa ½ crk;k gS fd okfVdk ds l?ku

Nk;knkj o`{kksa dh Nk;k esa gh >wyk ¼nksyk½ yxk;k tkuk pkfg,A ;|fi iqjkus dfo cdqy ¼ekSyfljh½ ds

issM+ esa ,slh nksykvksa dks yxk ns[kuk pkgrs Fks] ij f'kjh"k Hkh D;k cqjk gS\Mky bldh vis{kkÑr detksj

t:j gksrh gS] ij mlesa >wyusokfy;ksa dk otu Hkh rks cgqr T;knk ugha gksrkA dfo;ksa dh ;gh rks cqjh

vknr gS fd otu dk ,dne [;ky ugha djrsA eSa rqafny ujifr;ksa dh ckr ugha dg jgk gw¡] os pkgas rks

yksgs dk isM+ cuok ysaA

f”kjh’k dk Qwy laLÑr lkfgR; eas cgqr dksey ekuk x;k gSA esjk vuqeku gS fd dkfynkl us

;g ckr “kq: ”kq: eas çpkfjr dh gksxhA mudk dqN bl iq"i ij i{kikr Fkk ¼esjk Hkh gS½ dg x, gSa]

f”kjh’k iq’i dsoy HkkSjksa ds inksa dk dksey ncko lgu dj ldrk gS] if{k;ksa dk fcydqy ugha& ina

lgsr HkzejL; isyoa f’kjh"k iq"Ika u% iqu irf=.kke~A vc eSa brus cM+s dfo dh ckr dk fojks/k dSls

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ewy ikB&

(83)

d:¡ \ flQZ fojks/k djus dh fgEer u gksrh rks Hkh dqN de cqjk ugha FkkA ;gk¡ rks bPNk Hkh ugha gSA [kSj]

nwljh ckr dg jgk FkkA f”kjh’k ds Qwykas dh dkseyrk ns[kdj ijorhZ dfo;ksa us le>k fd mldk

lc&dqN dksey gSA ;g Hkwy gSA blds Qy brus etcwr gksrs gSa fd u, Qwyksa ds fudy vkus ij Hkh

LFkku ugha NksM+rsA tc rd u, Qy iÙks feydj /kfd;kdj mUgsa ckgj ugha dj nsrs rc rd os MVs jgrs

gaSA olar ds vkxeu ds le; tc lkjh ouLFkyh iq’i i= ls eeZfjr gksrh jgrh gS] f”kjh’k ds iqjkus Qy

cqjh rjg [kM+[kM+krs gaSA eq>s budks ns[kdj mu usrkvksa dh ckr ;kn vkrh gS] tks fdlh çdkj tekus dk

#[k ugha igpkurs vkSj tc rd u;h ikS/k ds yksx mUgsa /kDdk ekjdj fudky ugha nsrs rc rd tes jgrs

gSaA

eSa lksprk gw¡ iqjkus dh ;g vf/kdkj & fyIlk D;kas ugha le; jgrs lko/kku gks tkrh \ tjk vkSj

e`R;q] ;s nksuksa gh txr ds vfr ifjfpr vkSj vfrçkekf.kd lR; gaSA rqylhnkl us vQlksl ds lkFk

budh lPpkbZ ij eqgj yxkbZ Fkh& */kjk dks çeku ;gh rqylh tks Qjk] lks >jk tks cjk] lks cqrkukA^ eSa

f”kjh’k ds Qwyksa dks ns[kdj dgrk gw¡ fd D;ksa ugha Qyrs gh le> ysrs ckck fd >M+uk fuf”pr gSA lqurk

dkSu gS \ egkdky nsork likli dksMs+ pyk jgs gSa] th.kZ vkSj nqcZy >M+ jgs gaS( ftuesa çk.kd.k FkksM+k Hkh

Å/oZeq[kh gS] os fVd tkrs gaSA nqjUr çk.k/kkjk vkSj loZO;kid dkykfXu dk la?k’kZ fujUrj py jgk gSA

ew[kZ le>rs gSa fd tgk¡ cus gaS ogha nsj rd cus jgsa rks dky nsork dh vk¡[k cpk tk,¡xsA Hkksys gaS os A

fgYkrs Mqyrs jgks] LFkku cnyrs jgks] vkxs dh vksj eqg¡ fd, jgks rks dksM+s dh ekj ls cp Hkh ldrs gksA

tesa fd ejsA

dbZ ,d ckj eq>s ekywe gksrk gS fd ;g f”kjh'k ,d vn~Hkqr vo/kwr gS nq%[k gks lq[k] og gkj ugha

ekurkA u Å/kks dk ysuk] u ek/kks dk nsukA tc /kjrh vkSj vkleku tyrs jgrs gaS] rc Hkh ;g gt+jr u

tkus dgk¡ ls vius fy, jl [khaprs jgrs gaSA ekSt eas vkBksa ;ke eLr jgrs gSA ,d ouLifr“kkL=h us eq>s

crk;k gS fd ;g ml Js.kh dk isM+ gS tks ok;qeaMy ls viuk jl [khaprk gaSA t:j [khaprk gksxk] ugha rks

Hk;adj yw ds le; brus dksey rrqatky vkSj ,sls lqdqekj dslj dks dSls mxk ldrk FkkA vo/kwrksa ds eq¡g

ls gh lalkj dh lcls ljl jpuk,¡ fudyh gaSA dchj cgqr dqN bl f”kjh’k ds leku gh Fks eLr vkSj

csijokg] ij ljl vkSj ekndA dkfynkl Hkh t:j vuklDr ;ksxh jgs gksaxsA f”kjh’k ds Qwy QDdM+kuk

eLrh ls gh mit ldrs gaS vkSj es?knwr dk dkO; mlh çdkj ds vuklDr vukfoy mUeqDr ân; eas meM+

ldrk gSA tks dfo vuklDr ugha jg ldk] tks QDdM+ ugha cu ldk] tks fd, djk, dk ys[kk&tks[kk

feykus eas my> x;k] og Hkh D;k dfo gS \ dgrs gSa d.kkZV jkt dh fiz;k fofTtdknsoh us xoZiwoZd dgk

Fkk fd ,d dfo czg~ek Fks] nwljs okYehfd vkSj rhljs O;klA ,d us osnksa dks fn;k] nwljs us jkek;.k vkSj

rhljs us egkHkkjr dksA buds vfrfjDr vkSj dksbZ ;fn dfo gksus dk nkok djs rks eSa d.kkZV&jkt dh

I;kjh jkuh muds flj ij viuk ck;k¡ pj.k j[krh gw¡ ¼rs ka ewf/uZ nnkfe okepj.ka d.kkZV

jktfç;k½A eSa tkurk gw¡ fd bl mikyEHk ls nqfu;k dk dksbZ dfo gkjk ugha gS] ij bldk eryc ;g

ugha fd dksbZ ytk;s ugha rks mls Mk¡Vk Hkh u tk,A ij eSa dgrk gw¡ dfo cuuk gS esjs nksLrks] rks QDdM+

cuksA f”kjh’k dh eLrh dh vksj ns[kks( ysfdu vuqHko us eq>s crk;k gS fd dksbZ fdlh dh lqurk ughaA ejus

nksA

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-"k

(84)

dkfynkl otu Bhd j[k ldrs Fks D;ksafd os vuklDr ;ksxh dh fLFkj çKrk vkSj fonX/k çseh

dk ân; ik pqds FksA dfo gksus ls D;k gksrk gS \ eaS Hkh Nan cuk ysrk g¡w ] rqd tksM+ ysrk g¡w vkSj dkfynkl

Hkh Nan cuk ysrs Fks & rqd Hkh tksM+ gh ldrs gksaxsA blfy, ge nksuksa ,d Js.kh ds ugha gks tkrsA iqjkus

lân; us fdlh ,sls gh nkosnkj dks QVkdjrs gq, dgk Fkk &ô;efi do;% do;% do;Lrs

dkfynkl|k%*A eaS rks eqX/k vkSj foLe;&foew<+ gksdj dkfynkl ds ,d ,d “yksd dks ns[kdj gSjku gks

tkrk gw¡A vc bl f”kjh’k ds Qwy dk gh ,d mnkgj.k yhft,A “kdqUryk cgqr lqanj FkhA lqanj D;k gksus

ls dksbZ gks tkrk gS \ ns[kuk pkfg, fd fdrus lqanj ân; ls og lkSUn;Z Mqcdh yxkdj fudyk gSA

“kdqUryk dkfynkl ds ân; ls fudyh FkhA fo/kkrk dh vksj ls dksbZ dkiZ.; ugha Fkk] dfo dh vksj ls Hkh

ughaA jktk nq’;Ur Hkh vPNs Hkys çseh FksA mUgksaus “kdqUryk dk ,d fp= cuk;k Fkk( ysfdu jg jgdj

mudk eu [kh> mBrk FkkA mgw¡] dgha u dgha* dqN NwV x;k gSA cM+h nsj ds ckn le> eas vk;k fd

“kdqUryk ds nksukas dkuksa eas ml f”kjh’k iq’i dks nsuk Hkwy x, gSa] ftlds dslj xaMLFky rd yVds gq, Fks]

vkSj jg x;k gSa “kjPpUnz dh fdj.kksa ds leku dksey vkSj “kqHkz e`.kky dk gkjA

dkfynkl lkSUn;Z ds cká vkoj.k dks Hksndj mlds Hkhrj rd igq¡p ldrs Fks] nq%[k gks fd lq[k]

os viuk Hkko jl ml vuklDr Ñ’khoy dh Hkk¡fr [khap ysrs Fks] tks funZfyr bZ{kqnaM ls jl fudky ysrk

gSA dkfynkl egku~ Fks] D;ksafd os vuklDr jg lds FksA dqN bl Js.kh dh vuklDr vk/kqfud fgUnh ds

dfo lqfe=kuanu iar eas gSA dfooj johUnzukFk eas ;g vuklfDr FkhA ,d txg mUgksaus fy[kk

gS&^jktks|ku dk flag}kj fdruk gh vHkzHksnh D;ksa u gks] mldh f”kYidyk fdruh gh lqUnj D;ksa u gks]

og ;g ugha dgrk fd geesa vkdj gh lkjk jkLrk lekIr gks x;k A vly xarO; LFkku mls vfrØe

djus ds ckn gh gSA ;gh crkuk mldk dÙkZO; gSA Qwy gks ;k isM+] og vius vki eas lekIr ugha gSA og

fdlh vU; oLrq dks fn[kkus ds fy, mBh gqbZ v¡xqyh gS] ,d b”kkjk gSA

f”kjh’k r# lpeqp iDds vo/kwr dh Hkk¡fr esjs eu eas ,slh rajxsa txk nsrk gS tks Åij dh vksj

mBrh jgrh gSaA bl fpydrh /kwi eas bruk ljl og dSls cuk jgrk gS \ D;k ;s ckg~; ifjorZu& /kwi]

o'kkZ] vk¡/kh] yw] vius vki eas lR; ugha gS \ gekjs ns”k ds Åij ls tks ;g ekjdkV] vfXunkg] ywV ikV]

[kwu [kPpj dk coaMj cg x;k gS] mlds Hkhrj Hkh D;k fLFkj jgk tk ldrk gS \ f”kjh’k jg ldk gSA vius

ns”k dk ,d cw<+k jg ldk FkkA D;ksa] esjk eu iwNrk gS fd ,slk D;ksa lEHko gqvk \ D;ksafd f”kjh’k Hkh vo/kwr

gSA f”kjh’k ok;qeaMy ls jl [khapdj bruk dksey vkSj bruk dBksj gks ldk FkkA eaS tc tc f”kjh’k dh

vksj ns[krk gw¡ rc rc gwd mBrh gS & gk; og vo/kwr vkt dgk¡ gS \

ÛÛÛ

/kfj=h & /kjrh@ fu/kwZe & /kqvk¡ jfgr@ df.kZdkj & dusj ¼dfu;kj½ uked Qwy@

vkjXo/k & veyrkl uked Qwy@ [ka[kM+ & Bw¡B “kq’d@ fu?kkZr & fcuk vk?kkr ;k ck/kk ds@ vo/kwr

& lkalkfjd cU/kuksa ,oa fo'k; oklukvksa ls Åij mBk gqvk ;ksxh@ vkxeu & vkus@ dkyt;h

& dky dks thrus okyk ;k dky ls vçHkkfor@ fo/kkrk & czzãk@ furkar & ,dne@ Bw¡B & “kq’d@

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'kCnkFkZ&

( )85

fgYyksy & ygj@ vfj'B & jhBk uked o`{k@ iqUukx & ,d cM+k lnkcgkj isM+@ ?ku&e`l.k & ?kuk]

fpduk ¼xgu fpduk@ eqyk;e½@ gjhfrek & gfj;kyh@ ifjosf’Vr & vkPNkfnr] <dk gqvk@

likli & ,d çdkj dh /ofu tks dksM+s ekjrs le; fudyrh gS] tks tYnh dk vFkZ /ofur djrh gS@

euksgj & eu dks gjus okyh lqUnj@ nksyk & >wyk@ cdqy & ekSyfljh dk isM+@ rqafny & rksan okys]

eksVs isV okys@ ijorhZ & ckn ds@ eeZfjr & ¼iÙkksa dh½ [kM+[kM+kgV ;k ljljkgV dh /ofu ls ;qDr@

th.kZ & lM+s xys] detksj@ Å/oZeq[kh & Åij dks eq[k ;kfu çxfr dh fn”kk eas@ nqjar & ftldk

fouk”k gksuk eqf”dy gS@ gt+jr & Jheku~ ¼O;aX;kRed Loj½@ vuklDr & eksg&ek;k] fo’k; oklukvksa

ls eqDr@ vukfoy & LoPN@ es?knwr & dkfynkl ds }kjk pfjr [k.MdkO; @ ys[kk&tks[kk &

fglkc&fdrkc@ d.kkZV & dukZVd jkT; dk izkphu uke@ mikyEHk & mykguk@ fonX/k & vPNh

rjg ls rik gqvk@ foLe; & vk”p;Z@ dkiZ.; & Ñi.krk] datwlh@ x.MLFky & xky rd@ “kqHkz &

”osr@ e`.kky & dey uky@ Ñ'khoy & fdlku@ funZfyr & vPNh rjg fupksM+k gqvk@ bZ{kqn.M &

bZ[k ¼xUus½ dk ruk@vHkzHksnh & xxu pqEch@ xraO; & y{;] igq¡pus dk LFkku@ /kjk & i`FohA

1- ^gk;] og vo/kwr vkt dgk¡ gS\a * bl iafDr eas vo/kwr “kCn dk ç;ksx fdlds fy, gqvk gS&

¼d½ dchj ¼[k½ f”kjh’k

¼x½ vkjXo/k ¼?k½ xka/kh ¼ ½

2- *es?knwr* fdldh jpuk gS \

¼d½ dchj ¼[k½ rqylh

¼x½ dkfynkl ¼?k½ okYehfd ¼ ½

3- *f”kjh’k ds Qwy * fucU/k gS&

¼d½ yfyr fucU/k ¼[k½ oLrqfu’B fucU/k

¼x½ vkykspukRed fucU/k ¼?k½ ,sfrgkfld fucU/k ¼ ½

4- izkphu *d.kkZV jkT;^ dk vk/kqfud uke D;k gS \

¼d½ dukZVd ¼[k½ rfeyukMq

¼x½ dsjy ¼?k½ vklkeA ¼ ½

1- ^/kfj=h fu/kwZe vfXudqaM cuh gqbZ Fkh* iafDr ls D;k vk'k; gS a\

2- f”kjh’k dk Qwy laLÑr lkfgR; eas dSlk ekuk tkrk gS \

3- ^dchj cgqr* dqN bl f”kjh’k ds leku gh Fks* ys[kd us ,slk D;ksa dgk \

4- ^m/kks dk ysuk] u ek/kks dk nsuk* dk vFkZ fyf[k,A

1- ^fnu nl Qwyk Qwfyds [ka[kM+ Hk;k iykl* bl iafDr dk HkkokFkZ fyf[k,A

oLrqfu"B ç'u&

vfry?kwÙkjkRed ç'u &

y?kwÙkjkRed ç'u&

2- ^/kjk dks çeku ;gh rqylh tks Qjk lks >jk] tks cjk lks cqrkuk *A bl iafDr eas rqylh

nkl th us D;k lans”k fn;k gSa \

3- ys[kd ds vuqlkj dfo ds fy, dkSu ls xq.k vko”;d gSa \

4- ys[kd us *f”kjh’k ds Qwy^ dks dkyt;h vo/kwr dh rjg D;ksa crk;k gS \

1- ys[kd ds vuqlkj dksey vkSj dBksj nksuksa Hkko fdl çdkj xka/kh ds O;fDrRo dh

fo”ks’krk cu x, \

2- ^f”kjh’k ds Qwy* yfyr fucU/k ds ek/;e ls f}osnh th us D;k lans”k fn;k gS \vius

“kCnksa eas fyf[k,A

3- yfyr fucU/k ds Lo:i dks /;ku eas j[krs gq, ^f”kjh’k ds Qwy* fucU/k dh fo”ks’krkvksa

ij çdk”k Mkfy,A

4- lqurk dkSu gSa \ egkdky nsork likli dksM+s pyk jgs gSa] th.kZ vkSj nqcZy >M+ jgs gSaA ftuesa

çk.k d.k FkksM+k Hkh Å/oZeq[kh gS] os fVd tkrs gSaA f}osnh th ds bl dFku esa D;k ladsr fufgr gS \ Li’V

dhft,A

5- ikB esa vk, fuEufyf[kr x|ka'kksa dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft,&

¼d½ ^^tks dfo vuklDr--------------------------------------------- D;k dfo gSA**

¼[k½ ^^nq%[k gks fd lq[k----------------------------------------------------- vuklfDr FkhA**

¼x½ ^*D;ksas esjk eu------------------------------------------------------------vkt dgk¡ gS \**

¼?k½ ^^tc mel ls çk.k---------------------------------------------------- çpkj djrk jgrk gSA**

ÛÛÛ

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(86)

(87)

17- iktsc

tSusUnz dqekj

ys[kd ifjp; &

ikB&ifjp;&

çsepUnksÙkj ;qx ds çfl) fopkjd] miU;kldkj] dFkkdkj vkSj fucU/kdkj Jh tSusUnz dqekj dk

tUe lu~ 1905 bZ- esa vyhx<+ ¼m-ç-½ ds dkSfM+;kxat uked dLcs esa gqvk FkkA firk dk uke I;kjsyky ,oa

ekrk dk uke Jherh jkensoh FkkA budh çkjfEHkd f'k{kk tSu xq#dqy gfLrukiqj esa gqbZA O;fDrxr :i

ls eSfVªd dh ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ djus ds ckn mPp f'k{kk ds fy, dk'kh fo'ofo|ky; vk, ijUrq egkRek xka/kh

ds lu~ 1921 ds vkanksyu dk bu ij bruk çHkko iM+k fd ;s v/;;u NksM+dj vkanksyu ds mRlkgh

dk;ZdrkZ cu x,A

tSusUnz us viuh dgkfu;ksa ,oa miU;klksa ds }kjk fgUnh esa ,d l'kDr euksoSKkfud dFkk /kkjk

dk çorZu fd;kA dFkkdkj ds lkFk lkFk budh igpku ,d l'kDr vR;Ur xEHkhj fpUrd ds :i esa jgh

gSA bUgksaus lkfgR;] lekt] /keZ] laLÑfr] jktuhfr] n'kZu vkfn ls lEcfU/kr fo"k;ksa dks cgqr ljy ,oa

vukSipkfjd lh fn[kkbZ nsus okyh 'kSyh esa çLrqr fd;kA budh yxHkx nks lkS dgkfu;k¡ gSa tks ̂tSusUnz dh

Js"B dgkfu;k¡* uke ls vkB Hkkxksa esa çdkf'kr gks pqdh gSaA tSusUnz us viuh dgkfu;ksa esa euq"; dh

vkarfjd leL;kvksa dk lw{e fp=.k fd;k gS ftlls budh dgkfu;ksa dks ,d ubZ vUrnZ`f"V]

laosnu'khyrk vkSj n'kZu dh xEHkhjrk çkIr gqbZ gSA bUgksaus fgUnh dgkuh dks ijEijkxr f'kYi ds LFkku

ij uohu f'kYi vkSj 'kSyh çnku dhA bu ij xka/khoknh n'kZu dk i;kZIr çHkko iM+kA

tSusUnz dh çeq[k jpuk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gSa & îj[k*] ^lquhrk*] ^R;kxi=*] ^dY;k.kh*] ^foorZ*]

^lq[knk*] ̂vuke Lokeh*] ̂t;o/kZu*] ̂eqfDrcks/k ¼miU;kl½*] ̂Qk¡lh*] ̂t;lfU/k*] ̂okrk;ku*] ̂uhye ns”k dh

jktdU;k*] ^,d jkr*] ^nks fpfM+;k¡*] îktsc* ¼dgkuh laxzg½] ^çLrqr ç”u*] ^tM+ dh ckr*] îwoksZn;*]

^lkfgR; dk Js; vkSj çs;*] ̂lksp fopkj*] ̂le; vkSj ge*] ̂ fopkj oYyjh*] ̂ çse vkSj ifjokj*] ̂ jk"Vª vkSj

jkT; ¼fucU/k laxzg½] ^;s vkSj os*] ¼laLej.k½( êUnkfyuh*] îki vkSj çdk'k*] ¼ukVd½A çeq[k iqjLdkj&

lkfgR; vdkneh iqjLdkj] ̂Hkkjr Hkkjrh] lEekuA Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk in~eHkw"k.k ls lEekfurA

îktsc* cky&euksfoKku ij vk/kkfjr ltho] jkspd] l'kDr ,oa ekfeZd dgkuh gSA bl dgkuh

esa eqUuh dh iktsc [kks tkrh gSA bl ij mlds HkkbZ vk'kqrks"k dks vijk/kh le>k tkrk gSA og vcks/k

voLFkk gksus ds dkj.k viuh fLFkfr Li"V ugha dj ikrkA >wB cksyus ds vijk/k esa mls ltk feyrh gS

vkSj vUr esa cqvk ds vkus ij fLFkfr Li"V gksrh gS fd iktsc cqvk ds lkFk pyh xbZ Fkh vkSj ckyd

fujijk/k çekf.kr gksrk gSA bl çdkj dgkuh dk mís'; cky euksfoKku dk fp=.k djuk gSA ckyd

vcks/k gksrs gSaA mudh dksey cqf) rdZghu gksrh gSA os viuh ckr Li"V ughas dj ikrsA Lusg] Hk; vkSj

çyksHku ds dkj.k vijk/kh u gksus ij Hkh os vijk/k Lohdkj dj ysrs gSaA vk'kqrks"k dh ;gh fLFkfr gSA mlus

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u iktsc pqjkbZ] u NqUuw dks nh vkSj u irax okys dks csphA fQj Hkh og firk ds lkeus fLFkfr Li"V ugha

dj ikus ds dkj.k vijk/kh cu tkrk gSA ,d ,d dj lkjs vijk/k Lohdkj dj ysrk gS( ijUrq vUr esa

fujijk/kh fl) gksrk gSA

cktkj esa ,d ubZ rjg dh iktsc pyh gSA iSjksa esa iM+dj os cM+h vPNh ekywe gksrh gSaA mudh

dfM+;k¡ vkil esa ypd ds lkFk tqM+h jgrh gSa fd iktsc dk ekuks fut dk vkdkj dqN ugha gS] ftl ik¡o

esa iM+s mlh ls vuqdwy gh jgrh gSA

ikl iM+ksl esa rks lc uUgha&cM+h ds iSjksa esa vki ogh iktsc ns[k yhft,A ,d us iguh rks nwljh

us Hkh iguhA ns[kk&ns[kh esa bl rjg mudk u iguuk eqf'dy gks x;k gSA

gekjh eqUuh us Hkh dgk fd ckcwth] ge iktsc igusaxsA cksfy, Hkyk dfBukbZ ls pkj cjl dh mez

vkSj iktsc igusxhA

eSaus dgk fd dSlh iktsc \

cksyh fd gk¡] ogh tSlh #fDeu igurh gS] tSlh 'khyk igurh gSA

eSaus dgk fd vPNk vPNk!

cksyh fd eSa rks vkt gh e¡xk yw¡xhA

eSaus dgk fd vPNk HkkbZ] vkt gh lghA

ml oDr rks [kSj eqUuh fdlh dke esa cgy xbZ( ysfdu tc nksigj vkbZ eqUuh dh cqvk] rc og

eqUuh lgt ekuus okyh u FkhA

cqvk us eqUuh dks feBkbZ f[kykbZ vkSj xksn esa fy;k vkSj dgk fd vPNk] rks rsjh iktsc vc ds

brokj dks t:j ysrh vkÅ¡xhA

brokj dks cqvk vkbZ vkSj iktsc ys vkbZA eqUuh mUgsa igudj [kq'kh ds ekjs ;gk¡ ls ogk¡ Nedrh

fQjhA #fDeu ds ikl xbZ vkSj dgk ns[k #fDeu esjh iktscA 'khyk dks Hkh viuh iktsc fn[kkbZA lcus

iktsc iguh ns[kdj mls I;kj fd;k vkSj rkjhQ dhA lpeqp og pk¡nh dh lQsn nks rhu yfM+;k¡ lh

V[kuksa ds pkjksa vksj fyiVdj] pqipki fcNh gqbZ ,slh lq?kM+ yxrh Fkha fd cgqr gh] vkSj cPph dh [kq'kh

dk fBdkuk u FkkA

vkSj gekjs egk'k; vk'kqrks"k] tks eqUuh ds cM+s HkkbZ Fks] igys rks eqUuh dks lth&cth ns[kdj cM+s

[kq'k gq,A og gkFk idM+dj viuh cf<+;k eqUuh dks iktsc lfgr fn[kkus ds fy, vkl&ikl ys x,A

eqUuh dh iktsc dk xkSjo mUgsa viuk Hkh ekywe gksrk FkkA og [kwc g¡ls vkSj rkyh ihVh] ysfdu FkksM+h nsj

ckn og Bqedus yxs fd eqUuh dks iktsc nh] lks ge ckbZflfdy ysaxsA

cqvk us dgk fd vPNk csVk] vcds tUefnu ij rq>s Hkh ckbZflfdy fnyok,¡xsA

vk'kqrks"k ckcw us dgk fd ge rks vHkh ysaxsA

cqvk us dgk] ̂ ^Nh Nh] rw dksbZ yM+dh gS\ ft+n rks yM+fd;k¡ djrh gSa vkSj yM+fd;k¡ jksrh gSaA

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(89)

dgha ckcw lkgc yksx jksrs gSa!**

vk'kqrks"k ckcw us dgk fd ge ckbZflfdy t:j ysaxs tUefnu okys jkstA

cqvk us dgk fd gk¡] ;g ckr iDdh jgh] tUefnu ij rqedks ckbZflfdy feysxhA

bl rjg og brokj dk fnu g¡lh [kq'kh iwjk gqvkA 'kke gksus ij cPpksa dh cqvk pyh xbZA iktsc dk 'kkSd

?kM+h Hkj dk FkkA og fQj mrkjdj j[k&j[kk nh xbZ] ftlls dgha [kks u tk,A iktsc og ckjhd vkSj

lqcqd dke dh Fkh vkSj [kkls nke yx x, FksA

Jherh us ge ls dgk fd D;ksa th] yxrh rks vPNh gS] eSa Hkh ,d cuok yw¡ \

eSaus dgk fd D;ksa u cuokvks! rqe dkSu pkj cjl dh ugha gks!

[kSj] ;g gqvkA ij eSa jkr dks viuh est ij Fkk fd Jherh us vkdj dgk fd rqeus iktsc rks

ugha ns[kh\

eSaus vk'p;Z ls dgk fd D;k eryc \

cksyha fd ns[kks] ;gk¡ est ost ij rks ugha gSA ,d rks mlesa dh gS] ij nwljs iSj dh feyrh gh

ugha gSA tkus dgk¡ xbZ \

eSaus dgk fd tk,xh dgk¡\ ;gha dgha ns[k yksA fey tk,xhA

mUgksaus esjh est ds dkxt mBkus /kjus 'kq: fd, vkSj vyekjh dh fdrkcsa VVksy Mkyus dk Hkh

eulwck fn[kk;kA

eSaus dgk fd ;g D;k dj jgh gks \ ;gk¡ og dgk¡ ls vkbZ \

tokc esa og eq>h ls iwNus yxha fd fQj dgk¡ gSa \

eSaus dgk fd rqeus gh rks j[kh gksxhA dgk¡ j[kh Fkh \

crykus yxha fd eSaus nksigj ds ckn dksbZ nks cts mrkjdj nksuksa vPNh rjg laHkkydj ml uhps

okys cDl esa j[k nh FkhaA vc ns[kk rks ,d gS] nwljh xk;c gSA

eSaus dgk fd rks pydj og bl dejs esa dSls vk tk,xh \ Hkwy gks xbZ gksxhA ,d j[kh gksxh ,d

ogha dgha Q'kZ ij NwV xbZ gksxhA ns[kks] fey tk,xhA dgha tk ugha ldrhA

bl ij Jherh dgk lquh djus yxha rks rqe rks ,sls gh gksA [kqn ykijokg gks] nks"k mYVs eq>s nsrs

gksA dg rks jgh gw¡ fd eSaus nksuksa laHkkydj j[kh FkhaA

eSaus dgk fd laHkky dj j[kh Fkh rks fQj ;gk¡ ogk¡ D;ksa ns[k jgh gks \ tgk¡ j[kh Fkh ogk¡ ls ys yks

uA ogk¡ ugha gS rks fQj fdlh us fudkyh gh gksxhA

Jherh cksyha fd esjk Hkh ;gh [k;ky gks jgk gSA gks u gks] calh ukSdj us fudkyh gSA eSaus j[kh]

rc og ogk¡ ekStwn FkkA

eSaus dgk fd rks mlls iwNk \

cksyh fd og rks lkQ bUdkj djrk gSA

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(90)

eSaus dgk fd rks fQj \

Jherh tksj ls cksyha fd rks fQj eSa D;k crkÅ¡ \ rqEgsa rks fdlh ckr dh fQdj gS gh ughaA Mk¡Vdj dgrs

D;ksa ugha gks] ml calh dks cqykdj \t:j iktsc mlh us yh gSA

eSaus dgk fd vPNk] rks mls D;k dguk gksxk \ ;g dgw¡ fd yk HkkbZ] iktsc ns ns!

Jherh >Yykdj cksyha fd gks pqdk cl dqN rqels! rqEgha us rks ml ukSdj dh tkr dks 'kgtksj

cuk j[kk gSA Mk¡V u QVdkj] ukSdj ,sls flj u p<+sxk rks D;k gksxk \

eSaus iwNk fd rks rqEgkjk D;k [;ky gS \

cksyha fd dg rks jgh gw¡ fd fdlh us mls cDl esa ls fudkyk gh gS vkSj lksyg esa ianzg vkus ;g

calh gSA lqurs gks u] ogh gSA

eSaus dgk fd eSaus calh ls iwNk FkkA mlus ugha yh ekywe gksrhA

bl ij Jherh us dgk fd rqe ukSdjksa dks ugha tkursA os cM+s N¡Vs gksrs gaSA t:j calh gh pksj

gSA ughaa rks D;k Qfj'rs ysus vkrs \

eSaus dgk fd rqeus vk'kqrks"k ls Hkh iwNk \

cksyha fd iwNk FkkA og rks [kqn Vªad vkSj cDl ds uhps ?kql ?kql dj [kkst yxkus ls esjh enn

djrk jgkA og ugha ys ldrkA

eSaus dgk fd mls irax dk cM+k 'kkSd gSA

cksyha fd rqe rks mls crkrs cjtrs dqN gks ughaA mej gksrh tk jgh gSA og ;ksa gh jg tk,xkA

rqEgha gks mls irax dh 'kg nsus okysA

eSaus dgk fd tks dgha iktsc gh iM+h fey xbZ gks rks \

cksyha fd ugha] ugha] ugha! feyrh rks og crk u nsrk \

[kSj] ckrksa&ckrksa esa ekywe gqvk fd ml 'kke vk'kqrks"k irax vkSj ,d Mksj dk fiUuk u;k yk;k

gSA

Jherh us dgk fd ;g rqEgha gks ftlus irax dh mls btktr nhA cl lkjs fnu irax irax!

;g ugha fd dHkh mls fcBkdj lcd dh Hkh dksbZ ckr iwNksA eSa lksprh gw¡ fd ,d fnu rksM+&rkM+ nw¡

mldh lc Mksj vkSj iraxA gk¡] rks lkjs oDr ogh /kqu!

eSaus dgk fd [kSj] NksM+ksA dy losjs iwNrkN djsaxsA

losjs cqykdj eSaus xaHkhjrk ls mlls iwNk fd D;ksa csVk] ,d iktsc ugha fey jgh gS] rqeus rks ugha

ns[kh\

og xqe gks vk;k] tSls ukjkt gksA mlus flj fgyk;k fd mlus ugha yhA ij eq¡g ugha [kksykA

eSaus dgk fd ns[kks csVs] yh gks rks dksbZ ckr ugha] lp dg nsuk pkfg,A

mldk eq¡g vkSj Hkh Qwy vk;k vkSj og xqe lqe cSB jgkA

esjs eu esa ml le; rjg&rjg ds fl)kUr vk,A eSaus fLFkj fd;k fd vijk/k ds çfr d#.kk gh

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gksuh pkfg,] jks"k dk vf/kdkj ugha gSA çse ls gh vijk/k o`fÙk dks thrk tk ldrk gSA vkrad ls mls

nckuk Bhd ugha gSA ckyd dk LoHkko dksey gksrk gS vkSj lnk gh mlls Lusg ls O;ogkj djuk pkfg,A

eSaus dgk fd csVk vk'kqrks"k] rqe ?kcjkvksa ughaA lp dgus esa ?kcjkuk ugha pkfg,A yh gks rks

[kqydj dg nks] csVk! ge dksbZ lp dgus dh ltk FkksM+s gh ns ldrs gSa! cfYd lp cksyus ij rks buke

feyk djrk gSA

vk'kqrks"k lc lqurk gqvk cSBk jg x;kA mldk eq¡g lwtk FkkA og lkeus esjh vk¡[kksa esa ugha ns[k

jgk FkkA jg&jgdj mlds ekFks ij cy iM+rs FksA

^^D;ksa csVs] rqeus yh rks ugha \**

mlus flj fgykdj] Øks/k ls vfLFkj vkSj rst vkokt+ esa dgk fd eSaus ugha yh] ugha yh] ugha

yhA ;g dgdj og jksus dks gks vk;k] ij jks;k ughaA vk¡[kksa esa vk¡lw jksd fy,A

ml oDr eq>s çrhr gqvk mxzrk nks"k dk y{k.k gSA

eSaus dgk fd csVk] Mjks ughaA vPNk tkvksa] <w¡<ks( 'kk;n dgha iM+h gqbZ og iktsc fey tk,A fey

tk,xh rks ge rqEgsa buke nsaxsA

og pyk x;k vkSj nwljs dejs esa tkdj igys rks ,d dksus esa [kM+k gks x;kA dqN nsj pqipki

[kM+s gksdj og fQj ;gk¡ ogk¡ iktsc dh ryk'k esa yx x;kA

Jherh vkdj cksyh fd vk'kq ls rqeus iwNrkN fy;k \D;k [;ky gS \

eSaus dgk fd lansg rks eq>s gksrk gSA ukSdj dk dke rks ;g gS ughaA

Jherh us dgk fd ugha th] vk'kq Hkyk D;ksa ysxk\

eSa dqN cksyk ughaA esjk eu tkus dSlk xaHkhj çse ds Hkko ls vk'kqrks"k ds çfr meM+ jgk FkkA eq>s

ekywe gksrk Fkk fd Bhd bl le; vk'kqrks"k dks gesa viuh lgkuqHkwfr ls oafpr ugha djuk pkfg,] cfYd

dqN vfrfjDr Lusg bl le; ckyd dks feyuk pkfg,A eq>s ;g ,d Hkkjh nq?kZVuk ekywe gksrh FkhA

ekywe gksrk Fkk fd vxj vk'kqrks"k us pksjh dh gS rks mldk bruk nks"k ugha gS] cfYd ;g gekjs Åij cM+k

Hkkjh byt+ke gSA cPps esa pksjh dh vknr Hk;kog gks ldrh gSA ysfdu cPps ds fy, oSlh ykpkjh

mifLFkr gks vkbZ] ;g vkSj Hkh dgha Hk;kog gSA ;g gekjh vkykspuk gSA ge ml pksjh ls cjh ugha gks

ldrsA

eSaus cqykdj dgk] ̂^vPNk] lquksA ns[kks] esjh rjQ ns[kks] ;g crkvks fd iktsc rqeus NqUuw dks nh

gS u\**

og dqN nsj ugha cksykA mlds psgjs ij jax vk;k vkSj x;kA eSa ,d ,d Nk;k rkM+uk pkgrk

FkkA

eSaus vk'oklu nsrs gq, dgk fd dksbZ ckr ughaA gk¡] gk¡] cksyks] Mjks ughaA Bhd crkvks] csVs! dSlk

gekjk lPpk csVk gSA

ekuks cM+h dfBukbZ ds ckn mlus viuk flj fgyk;kA

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eSaus cgqr [kq'k gksdj dgk fd nh gS u NqUuw dks \

mlus flj fgyk fn;kA

vR;ar lkaRouk ds Loj esa LusgiwoZd eSaus dgk fd eq¡g ls cksyks& NqUuw dks nh gS \

mlus dgk] ̂^gk¡ vk¡A**

eSaus vR;ar g"kZ ds lkFk nksuksa ck¡gksa esa ysdj mls mBk fy;kA dgk fd ,sls gh cksy fn;k djrs gSa

vPNs yM+dsA vk'kq gekjk jktk csVk gSA xoZ ds Hkko ls xksn esa fy, fy, eSa mldh ek¡ dh rjQ x;kA

mYykliwoZd cksyk fd ns[kks] gekjs csVs us lp dcwy fd;k gSA iktsc mlus NqUuw dks nh gSA

lqudj ek¡ mldh [kq'k gks vkbZ( mUgksaus mls pwekA cgqr 'kkck'kh nh vkSj mldh cyS;k¡ ysus

yxhaA

vk'kqrks"k Hkh eqldjk vk;kA vxjps ,d mnklh Hkh mlds psgjs ls nwj ugha gqbZ FkhA

mlds ckn vyx ys tkdj eSaus mlls cM+s çse ls iwNk fd iktsc NqUuw ds ikl gS u \ tkvks] ek¡x

yk ldrs gks mlls \

vk'kqrks"k esjh vksj ns[krk gqvk cSBk jg x;kA eSaus dgk fd tkvks csVs! ys vkvksA

mlus tokc esa eq¡g ugha [kksykA

eSaus vkxzg fd;k rks og cksyk fd NqUuw ds ikl ugha gqbZ rks og dgk¡ ls nsxk \

eSaus dgk fd rks ftldks mlus nh gksxh mldk uke crk nsxkA lqudj og pqi gks x;kA esjs

ckj ckj dgus ij og ;gh dgrk jgk fd iktsc NqUuw ds ikl u gqbZ rks og nsxk dgk¡ ls \

var esa gkjdj eSaus dgk fd og dgha rks gksxhA vPNk rqeus dgk¡ ls mBkbZ Fkh \**

^îM+h feyh Fkh \**

^^vkSj fQj uhps tkdj og rqeus NqUuw dks fn[kkbZ \**

^^gk¡!**

^^fQj mlh us dgk fd bls cspsaxs \**

^^gk¡!**

^^dgk¡ cspus dks dgk \**

^^dgk] feBkbZ yk,¡xsA

**ugha irax yk,¡xsA**

^^vPNk irax dks dgk \**

^^gk¡!**

^^rks mlh ds ikl gksuh pkfg, u \ ;k iraxokys ds ikl gksxhA gksxh] tkvks csVk] mlls ys

vkvksA dguk gekjs ckcwth rqEgsa buke nsaxsA**

og tkuk ugha pkgrk FkkA mlus fQj dgk fd NqUuw ds ikl ugha gqbZ rks dgk¡ ls nsxk\

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eq>s mldh ft+n cqjh ekywe gqbZA eSaus dgk fd rks dgha rqeus mls xkM+ fn;k gS \ D;k fd;k gS \

cksyrs D;ksa ugha \

og esjh vksj ns[krk jgk vkSj dqN ugha cksykA

eSaus dgk fd dqN dgrs D;ksa ugha \

og xqe lqe jg x;k vkSj ugha cksykA

eSaus MiVdj dgk fd tkvks] tgk¡ gks ogha ls iktsc ysdj vkvksA

tc viuh txg us ugha mBk vkSj ugha x;k rks eSaus mls dku idM+dj mBk;kA dgk fd lqurs

gks! tkvks] iktsc ysdj vkvks] ugha rks ?kj esa rqEgkjk dke ugha gSA

ml rjg mBk;k tkdj og mB x;k vkSj dejs ds ckgj fudy x;kA fudydj cjkens ds ,d

dksus esa :Bk eq¡g cukdj [kM+k jg x;kA

eq>s cM+k {kksHk gks jgk FkkA ;g yM+dk lp cksydj vc fdl ckr ls ?kcjk jgk gS] ;g eSa dqN

le> u ldkA eSaus ckgj vkdj tjk /khjs ls dgk fd tkvks HkkbZ] tkdj NqUuw ls dgrs D;ksa ugha gks \

igys rks mlus dksbZ tokc ugha fn;k vkSj tc tokc fn;k rks ckj ckj dgus yxk fd NqUuw ds

ikl ugha gqbZ rks dgk¡ ls nsxk \

eSaus dgk fd ftrus esa mlus csph gksxh og nke ns nsaxsA le>s u] tkvks] rqe dgks rksA

NqUuw dh ek¡ us dgk fd mudk yM+dk ,slk dke ugha dj ldrkA mlus iktsc ugha ns[khA

ftl ij vk'kqrks"k dh ek¡ us dgk fd ugha] rqEgkjk NqUuw >wB cksyrk gSA D;ksa js vk'kqrks"k] rSus nh

Fkh u \

vk'kqrks"k us /khjs ls dgk fd gk¡] nh FkhA

nwljh vksj NqUuw c<+dj vk;k vkSj gkFk QVdkjdj cksyk fd eq>s ugha nhA D;ksa js] eq>s dc nh

Fkh \

vk'kqrks"k us ftn ck¡/kdj dgk fd nh rks FkhA dg nks] ugha nh Fkh \

urhtk ;g gqvk fd NqUuw dh ek¡ us NqUuw dks [kwc ihVk vkSj [kqn Hkh jksus yxhA dgrh tkrh fd

gk; js] vc ge pksj gks x,A ;g dqyfPNuh vkSykn tkus dc feVsxh \

ckr nwj rd QSy pyhA iM+ksl dh fL=;ksa esa iou iM+us yxh vkSj Jherh us ?kj ykSVdj dgk

fd NqUuw vkSj mldh ek¡ nksuksa ,d ls gSaA eSaus dgk fd rqeus rstk rsth D;ksa dj Mkyh \ ,sls dksbZ ckr

Hkyk dHkh lqy>rh gS!

cksyh fd gk¡] eSaa rst cksyrh gw¡A vc tkvks uk] rqEgha muds ikl ls iktsc fudydj ykrs D;ksa

ugha \ rc tkuw¡ vc iktsc fudyok nksA

eSaus dgk fd iktsc ls c<+dj 'kkafr gS vkSj v'kkafr ls rks iktsc fey ugha tk,xhA

Jherh cqncqnkrh gqbZ ukjkt gksdj esjs lkeus ls pyh xb±A

FkksM+h nsj ds ckn NqUuw dh ek¡ gekjs ?kj vkbZA Jherh mUgsa ykbZ FkhaA vc muds chp xjeh ugha

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Fkh] mUgksaus esjs lkeus vkdj dgk fd NqUuw rks iktsc ds fy, bUdkj djrk gSA og iktsc fdrus dh Fkh] eSa

mlds nke Hkj ldrh gw¡A

eSaus dgk] ̂^;g vki D;k dgrh gSA cPps] cPps gSaA vkius NqUuw ls lgwfy;r ls iwNk Hkh\**

mUgksaus mlh le; NqUuw dks cqykdj esjs lkeus dj fn;kA dgk fd D;ksa js] crk D;ksa ugha nsrk tks

rSus iktsc ns[kh gks \

NqUuw us tksj ls flj fgykdj bUdkj fd;k vkSj crk;k fd iktsc vk'kqrks"k ds gkFk esa eSaus ns[kh

Fkh vkSj og irax okys dks ns vk;k gSA eSaus [kwc ns[kh FkhA og pk¡nh dh FkhA

^^rqEgsa Bhd ekywe gS \**

^^gk¡] og eq>ls dg jgk Fkk fd rw Hkh py] irax yk,¡xsA**

^îktsc fdruh cM+h Fkh] crkvks rks \**

NqUuw us mldk vkdkj crk;k] tks Bhd gh FkkA

eSaus mldh ek¡ dh vksj ns[kdj dgk fd nsf[k, u] igys ;gh dgrk Fkk fd eSaus iktsc ns[kh rd

ughaA vc dgrk gS fd ns[kh gSA

ek¡ us esjs lkeus NqUuw dks [khapdj rHkh /kEe /kEe ihVuk 'kq: dj fn;kA dgk fd D;ksa js] >wB

cksyrk gS\ rsjh peM+h u m/ksM+h rks eSa ughaA

eSaus chp cpko djds NqUuw dks cpk;kA og 'kghn dh Hkk¡fr fiVrk jgk FkkA jks;k fcYdqy ugha

Fkk vkSj ,d dksus esa [kM+s vk'kqrks"k dks tkus fdl Hkko ls og ns[k jgk FkkA

[kSj] eSaus lcdks Nqêh nhA dgk fd tkvks csVk NqUuw] [ksyks! mldh ek¡ dks dgk fd vki mls

ekfj,xk ugha vkSj iktsc dksbZ ,slh cM+h pht ugha gSA

NqUuw pyk x;kA rc] mldh ek¡ us iwNk fd vki mls dlwjokj le>rs gks \

eSaus dgk fd ekywe rks gksrk gS fd mls dqN irk gS vkSj og ekeys esas 'kkfey gSA

bl ij NqUuw dh ek¡ us ikl cSBh gqbZ esjh iRuh ls dgk] ̂ ^pyks cguth] eSa rqEgas viuk lkjk ?kj

fn[kk, nsrh gw¡A ,d ,d pht ns[k yksA gksxh iktsc rks tk,xh dgk¡ \**

eSaus dgk] NksfM+, HkhA csckr dh ckr c<+kus ls D;k Qk;nk \** lks T;ksa T;ksa eSaus mUgsa fnyklk

nhA ugha arks og NqUuw dks ihV ihVdj gky&csgky dj Mkyus dk ç.k gh mBk, ys jgh FkhaA ̂ ^dqyNus]

vkt rq>s /kjrh esa ugha xkM+ fn;k] rks esjk uke ughaA**

[kSj] ftl frl Hkk¡fr c[ksM+k VkykA eSa bl >a>V esa n¶rj Hkh le; ij ugha tk ldkA tkrs

oDr Jherh dks dg x;k fd ns[kk] vk'kqrks"k dks /kedkuk erA I;kj ls lkjh ckrsa iwNukA /kedkus ls

cPps fcxM+ tkrs gSa vkSj gkFk dqN ugha vkrkA le>ha u\

'kke dks n¶rj ls ykSVk rks Jherh us lwpuk nh fd vk'kqrks"k us lc dqN cryk fn;k gSA X;kjg

vkus iSls esas og iktsc iraxokys dks ns nh gSA iSls mlus FkksM+s FkksM+s djds nsus dks dgs gSaA ik¡p vkus tks

fn, os NqUuw ds ikl gSaA bl rjg jÙkh jÙkh ckr mlus dg nh gSA

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dgus yxha fd eSaus cM+s I;kj ls iwN iwNdj ;g lc mlds isV esa ls fudkyk gSA nks rhu ?kaVs eSa

ext ekjrh jghA gk; jke] cPps dk Hkh D;k th gksrk gS!

eSa lqudj [kq'k gqvkA eSaus dgk fd pyks vPNk gS] vc ik¡p vkus Hkstdj iktsc e¡xk ysaxsA

ysfdu ;g irax okyk Hkh fdruk cnek'k gS] cPpksa ds gkFk ls ,slh phtsa ysrk gSA mls iqfyl esa ns nsuk

pkfg,A mpDdk dgha dk!

fQj eSaus iwNk fd vk'kqrks"k dgk¡ gS\

mUgksaus crk;k fd ckgj gh dgha [ksy [kky jgk gksxkA

eSaus dgk fd calh] tkdj mls cqyk rks ykvksA

calh x;k vkSj mlus vkdj dgk fd og vHkh vkrs gSaA

^^D;k dj jgk gS \**

^^NqUuw ds lkFk fxYyh MaMk [ksy jgs gaSA**

FkksM+h nsj esa vk'kqrks"k vk;kA rc eSaus mls xksn esa ysdj I;kj fd;kA vkrs vkrs mldk psgjk

mnkl gks x;k Fkk vkSj xksn esa ysus ij og fo'ks"k çlUu ugha ekywe gqvkA

mldh ek¡ us [kq'k gksdj dgk fd gekjs vk'kqrks"k us lc ckrsa vius vki iwjh iwjh crk nh gSA

gekjk vk'kqrks"k cM+k lPpk yM+dk gSA

vk'kqrks"k esjh xksn esa fVdk jgkA ysfdu viuh cM+kbZ lqudj Hkh mldks dqN g"kZ ugha gqvk izrhr

gksrk FkkA

eSaus dgk fd vkvks] pyks vc D;k ckr gS \ D;ksa gtjr] rqedksa ik¡p gh vkus rks feys gSa u \

gels ik¡p vkus ek¡x ysrs rks D;k ge u nsrs \ lquk] vc ls ,slk er djuk] csVs!

dejs esa ys tkdj eSaus fQj iwNrkN dh] ̂^D;ksa csVk] iraxokys us ik¡p vkus rqEgsa fn, Fks u \**

^^gk¡A**

^^vkSj os NqUuw ds ikl gSa \**

^^gk¡A**

^^vHkh rks mlds ikl gksaxs u \**

^ûghaA**

^^[kpZ dj fn, \**

^ûghaA** [kpZ fd, \**

^^gk¡A**

^^[kpZ fd, fd ugha [kpZ fd, \**

ml vksj ls ç'u djus ij og esjh vksj ns[krk jgk] mÙkj ugha fn;kA

^^crkvks] [kpZ dj fn, fd vHkh gSa \**

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^^tokc esa mlus ,d ckj ̂gk¡* dgk rks nwljh ckj ̂ugha* dgkA

eSaus dgk fd rks ;g D;ksa ugha dgrs fd rqEgsa ugha ekywe gS \

^^gk¡A**

^^csVk] ekywe gS u \**

^^gk¡A**

^îraxokys ls iSls NqUuw us fy, gSa u \**

^^gk¡A**

^^rqeus D;ksa ugha fy, \**

og pqiA

^îk¡pksa bdUuh Fkha] ;k nqvUuh vkSj iSls Hkh Fks \**

og pqiA

^^crykrs D;ksa ugha gks \**

pqiA

^^bdfUu;k¡ fdruh Fkh] cksyks \**

^^nksA**

^^ckdh iSls Fks \**

^^gk¡A**

^^nqvUuh ugha Fkh \**

^^gk¡A**

^^nqvUuh Fkha \**

^^gk¡A**

eq>s Øks/k vkus yxkA MiVdj dgk fd lp D;ksa ugha cksyrs th \ lp crkvks] fdruh bdfUu;k¡

Fkha vkSj fdruk D;k Fkk \

og xqe lqe [kM+k jgk] dqN ugha cksykA

^^cksyrs D;ksa ugha \**

og ugha cksykA

^^lqurs gksA cksyks&ugha rks -------**

vk'kqrks"k Mj x;k vkSj dqN ugha cksykA

^^lqurs ugha] eSa D;k dg jgk gw¡A**

bl ckj Hkh og ugha cksyk rks eSaus idM+dj mlds dku [khap fy,A og fcuk vk¡lw fy, xqe lqe

[kM+k jgkA

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^^vc Hkh ugha cksyksxs \**

og Mj ds ekjs ihyk gks vk;k] ysfdu cksy ugha ldkA eSaus tksj ls cqyk;k] ̂ ^calh] ;gk¡ vkvks]

bldks ys tkdj dksBjh esa can dj nksA**

calh ukSdj mls mBkdj ys x;k vkSj dksBjh esa ew¡n fn;kA

nl feuV ckn eSaus fQj mls ikl cqyk;kA mldk eq¡g lwtk gqvk FkkA fcuk dqN cksys mlds gksaB

fgy jgs FksA dksBjh esa can gksdj Hkh og jks;k ughaA

eSaus dgk] **D;ks js] vc rks vdy vk;h \^^

og lqurk gqvk xqe lqe [kM+k jgkA

^^vPNk] iraxokyk dkSu lk gS \nk;ha rjQ dk og pkSjkgsokyk \** mlus dqN gksBksa esa gh cM+cM+k

fn;k] ftls eSa dqN u le> ldkA

^ôg pkSjkgs okyk \cksyks-----**

^^gk¡!**

^^ns[kks] vius pkpk ds lkFk ys tkvksA crk nsuk fd dkSu lk gSA fQj mls Lo;a Hkqxr ysaxsA

le>rs gks u \**

;g dgdj eSaus vius HkkbZ dks cqyok;kA lc ckr le>kdj dgk] ̂ ^ns[kks ik¡p vkus ds iSls ys

tkvksA igys rqe nwj jgukA vk'kqrks"k iSls ys tkdj mls nsxk vkSj viuh iktsc ek¡xsxkA vOoy rks og

iktsc ykSVk gh nsxk] ugha rks mls Mk¡Vuk vkSj dguk fd rq>s iqfyl ds lqiqnZ dj nw¡xkA cPpksa ls eky

Bxrk gS \le>s! ujeh dh t:jr ugha gSA**

^^vkSj vk'kqrks"k] vc tkvks] vius pkpk ds lkFk tkvksA** og viuh txg ij [kM+k FkkA lqudj

Hkh Vl ls el gksrk fn[kkbZ ugha fn;kA

^ûgha tkvksxs \**

mlus flj fgyk fn;k fd ugha tkÅ¡xkA

eSaus rc mls le>kdj dgk fd HkS;k] ?kj dh pht gS] nke yxs gSaA Hkyk ik¡p vkus esa #i;ksa dk

eky fdlh ds gkFk [kks nksxs \ tkvks] pkpk ds lax tkvksA rqEgsa dqN ugha dguk gksxkA gk¡] iSls ns nsuk

vkSj viuh pht okil ek¡x ysukA ns ns] ugha ns rks ugha ns] rqEgkjk blls ljksdkj ughaA lp gS u] csVs!

vc tkvksA

ij og tkus dks rS;kj ugha nh[kkA eq>s ml yM+ds dh xqLrk[kh ij cM+k cqjk ekywe gqvkA cksyks]

blesa ckr D;k gS \ blesa eqf'dy dgk¡ gS \ le>kdj ckr dj jgs gSa lks le>rk gh ugha] lqurk gh ughaA

eSaus dgk fd D;ksa js] ugha tk,xkA

mlus fQj flj fgyk fn;k fd ugha tkÅ¡xkA

eSaus çdk'k] vius NksVs HkkbZ dks cqyk;kA dgk] ̂^çdk'k] bls idM+ dj ys tkvksA**

çdk'k us mls idM+k vkSj vk'kqrks"k vius gkFk iSjksa ls mldk çfrdkj djus yxkA og lkFk

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tkuk ugha pkgrk FkkA

eSaus vius Åij cgqr lcz djds fQj vk'kqrks"k dks iqpdkjk] dgk fd tkvks HkkbZ \ Mjks ughaA

viuh pht+ ?kj esa vk,xhA bruh lh ckr le>rs ughaA çdk'k] bls xksnh esa ys tkvks vkSj tks pht ek¡xs

bls cktkj ls fnyok nsukA tkvks HkkbZ] vk'kqrks"k!

ij mldk eq¡g Qwyk gqvk FkkA tSls rSls cgqr le>kus ij og çdk'k ds lkFk pykA ,sls pyk

ekuksa iSj mBkuk mls Hkkjh gks jgk gksA vkB cjl dk yM+dk gksus vk;k fQj Hkh ns[kks u fdlh Hkh ckr dh

mlesa le> ugha gSA eq>s tks xqLlk vk;k rks D;k crykÅ¡A ysfdu ;g ;kn djds fd xqLls ls cPps

laHkyus dh txg fcxM+rs gSa] eSa vius dks nckrk pyk x;kA [kSj] og x;k rks eSaus pSu dh lk¡l yhA

ysfdu ns[krk D;k g¡w fd dqN nsj esa çdk'k ykSV vk;kA eSaus iwNk] ̂^D;ksa \**

cksyk fd vk'kqrks"k Hkkx x;k gSA

eSaus dgk fd vc og dgk¡ gS \

^ôg :Bk [kM+k gS] ?kj esa ugha vkrkA**

^^tkvks idM+dj rks ykvksA**

og idM+k gqvk vk;k] eSaus dgk] ^^D;ksa js] rw 'kjkjr ls ckt ugha vk,xk \ cksy] tk,xk fd

ugha \**

og ugha cksyk rks eSaus dldj mls nks pk¡Vs fn,A FkIiM+ yxrs gh og ,dne ph[kk] ij QkSju

pqi gks x;kA og oSls gh esjs lkeus [kM+k jgkA

eSaus mls ns[kdj ekjs xqLls ls dgk fd ys tkvks bls esjs lkeus lsA tkdj dksBjh esa can dj nksA

nq"V!

bl ckj og vk/k ,d ?kaVs can jgkA eq>s [;ky vk;k fd eSa Bhd ugha dj jgk gw¡ ysfdu tSls fd

nwljk jkLrk ugha nh[krk FkkA ekj ihVdj eu dks fBdkuk nsus dh vknr iM+ xbZ Fkh] vkSj dqN vH;kl

u FkkA

[kSj] eSaus bl chp çdk'k dks dgk fd rqe nksuksa iraxokyksa ds ikl tkvksA ekywe djuk fd

iktsc fdlus yh gSA gksf'k;kjh ls ekywe djukA ekywe gksus ij l[rh djukA eqjCcr dh t:jr ughaA

le>s \

çdk'k x;k ij ykSVus ij crk;k fd fdlh ds ikl iktsc ugha gSA

lqudj eSa >Yyk vk;k] dgk fd rqels dqN dke ugha gks ldrkA tjk lh ckr ugha gqbZ] rqels

D;k mEehn j[kh tk, \

og viuh lQkbZ nsus yxkA eSaus dgk] ̂^cl rqe tkvksA**

çdk'k esjk cgqr fygkt ekurk FkkA og eq¡g Mkydj pyk x;kA dksBjh [kqyokus ij vk'kqrks"k

dks Q'kZ ij lksrs ik;kA mlds psgjs ij vc Hkh vk¡lw ugha FksA lp iwNks rks eq>s ml le; ckyd ij

d#.kk gqbZA ysfdu vkneh esa ,d gh lkFk tkus D;k D;k fojks/kh Hkko mBrs gSaA

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eSaus mls txk;kA og gM+cM+kdj mBk eSaus dgk] ̂^dgks] D;k gkyr gSa \**

FkksM+h nsj rd og le>k gh ughaA fQj 'kk;n fiNyk flyflyk ;kn vk;kA >V mlds psgjs

ij ogh ftn] vdM+ vkSj çfrjks/k ds Hkko fn[kkbZ nsus yxsA

eSaus dgk fd ;k rks jkth jkth pys tkvks] ugha rks bl dksBjh esa fQj can fd, nsrs gSaA

vk'kqrks"k ij bldk fo'ks"k çHkko iM+k gks ,slk ugha ekywe gqvkA

[kSj] mls idM+dj yk;k vkSj le>kus yxkA eSaus fudkydj mls ,d #i;k fn;k vkSj dgk]

^^csVk] bls iraxokys dks nsuk vkSj iktsc ek¡x ysukA dksbZ ?kcjkus dh ckr ughaA rqe rks le>nkj yM+ds

gksA**

mlus dgk fd tks iktsc mlds ikl ugha gqbZ rks dgk¡ ls nsxk \

^^bldk D;k eryc] rqeus dgk u fd ik¡p vkus esa iktsc nh gSA u gks NUuw dks Hkh lkFk ys ysukA

le>s!**

og pqi gks x;kA vkf[kj le>kus ij tkus dks rS;kj gqvkA eSaus çseiwoZd mls çdk'k ds lkFk

tkus dks dgkA mldk eq¡g Hkkjh ns[kdj Mk¡Vus okyk gh Fkk fd brus esa lkeus mldh cqvk fn[kkbZ nhA

cqvk us vk'kqrks"k ds flj ij gkFk j[kdj iwNk fd dgk¡ tk jgs gks] eSa rks rqEgkjs fy, dsys vkSj

feBkbZ ykbZ gw¡A

vk'kqrks"k dk psgjk :Bk gh jgkA eSaus cqvk ls dgk fd mls jksdks er] tkus nksA vk'kqrks"k #dus

dks m|r FkkA og pyus esa vkukdkuh fn[kkus yxkA

cqvk us iwNk] ̂^D;k ckr gS \**

eSaus dgk] ̂^dksbZ ckr ugha] tkus nks u mlsA**

ij vk'kqrks"k epyus ij vk x;k FkkA eSaus Mk¡Vdj dgk] ̂^çdk'k] bls ys D;ksa ugha tkrs gks \**

cqvk us dgk fd ckr D;k gS \ D;k ckr gS \

eSaus iqdkjk] ̂^calh& rw Hkh lkFk tkA chp ls ykSVus u ikosA** lks esjs vkns'k ij nksuksa vk'kqrks"k dks

tcjnLrh mBkdj lkeus ls ys x,A

cqvk us dgk] ̂^D;ksa mls lrk jgs gks \**

eSaus dgk fd dqN ugha] t+jk ;ksa gh------A

fQj eSa muds lkFk b/kj m/kj dh ckrsa ys cSBkA jktuhfr jk"Vª dh gh ugha gksrh] eqgYys esa Hkh

jktuhfr gksrh gSA ;g Hkkj fL=;ksa ij fVdrk gSA dgk¡ D;k gqvk] D;k gksuk pkfg,] bR;kfn ppkZ fL=;ksa

dks ysdj jax QSykrh gSA blh çdkj dh dqN ckrsa gqbZ] fQj NksVk lk cDlk ljdkdj cksyha] blesa os

dkxt gSa tks rqeus ek¡xs Fks vkSj ;gk¡ -------^^

;g dgdj mUgksaus viuh ckLdV dh tsc ls gkFk Mkydj iktsc fudkydj lkeus dh] tSls

lkeus fcPNw gksA eSa Hk;Hkhr Hkko ls dg mBk fd ;g D;k \

cksyh fd ml jkst Hkwy ls ;g iktsc esjs lkFk pyh xbZ FkhA

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'kCnkFkZ&

oLrqfu"B ç'u&

vfry?kwÙkjkRed ç'u&

y?kwÙkjkRed ç'u&

?kM+h&Hkj & FkksM+k le;@ 'kgtksj & cyoku@ cjtrs & euk djuk@ 'kg & mdlkuk]

c<+kok nsuk@ bt+kt+r & LohÑfr@ vkrad & Hk; @ vijk/k o`fÙk & xyr dk;Z djus dh vknr@

lq?kM+ & lqUnj@ eulwck & bjknk@ mxzrk & rst] Hka;djrk@ Hk;kog & Hk;adj@ vk'oklu &

rlYyh@ lkaRouk & rlYyh@ {kksHk & xqLlk@ lgwfy;r & lqfo/kk@ c[ksM+k & >xM+k@ ljksdkj &

lEcU/k] okLrk@ çfrdkj & çfr'kks/k] cnyk] fojks/k@ eqjOor & 'khy] ladksp@ çfrjks/k & fojks/k]

ck/kk@ m|r & rS;kj@ vkns'k & vkKk@ lqcqd & lqUnj] gYdk@ cyS;k¡ ysuk & fdlh dk ladV

vius Åij ysus dh dkeuk djuk@ buke & iqjLdkj@ oafpr & [kksuk@ byt+ke & nks"k@ rkM+uk

& le>uk@ g"kZ & çlUurk@ dcwy & Lohdkj djukA

1- tSusUnz fdl çdkj ds dFkkdkj ds :i esa çfl) gSa&

¼d½ euksoSKkfud dFkkdkj ¼[k½ vk¡pfyd dFkkdkj

¼x½ çxfroknh dFkkdkj ¼?k½ ,sfrgkfld dFkkdkj ¼ ½

2- îktsc* dgkuh fdl i`"BHkwfe ij fy[kh xbZ gS&

¼d½ cky euksfoKku ¼[k½ ikSjkf.kd

¼x½ gkL; O;atd ¼?k½ euksfo'ys"k.k ¼ ½

3- vk'kqrks"k dks mldh cqvk us tUefnu ij D;k nsus dk oknk fd;k \

¼d½ irax ¼[k½ ckbfldy

¼x½ iktsc ¼?k½ feBkbZ ¼ ½

4- îktsc* dgkuh fdl 'kSyh esa fy[kh xbZ gS &

¼d½ Mk;jh 'kSyh ¼[k½ vkRedFkkRed 'kSyh

¼x½ O;kl 'kSyh ¼?k½ O;aX; 'kSyh ¼ ½

1- Jherh th îktsc* pqjkus dk lansg fdl ij djrh gSa \

2- NqUuw dh ek¡ NqUuw dks D;ksa ihVrh gS \

3- eqUuh dks iktsc fdlus] fdl fnu ykdj nh \

4- iwNrkN esa vk'kqrks"k us iktsc fdldks cspus dh ckr dgh \

1- vk'kqrks"k fujijk/k gksrs gq, Hkh iktsc pqjkus dh ckr D;ksa Lohdkj dj ysrk gS \

2- ys[kd us vk'kqrks"k dks dksBjh esa D;ksa cUn dj fn;k \

3- ckrksa ckrksa esa ys[kd dks D;k irk yxk \ ftlls og vk'kqrks"k ij iktsc pqjkus dk

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lansg djus yxrk gS \

4- iktsc dSls feyrh gS \ iktsc feyus ij ys[kd dh izfrfØ;k dks O;Dr dhft,A

1- dgkuh ds laokn LokHkkfod] jkspd] l'kDr] ukVdh; vkSj laf{kIr gSaA mnkgj.k lfgr

Li"V dhft,A

2- îktsc* dgkuh dykRed n`f"V ls lQy gS \ vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A

3- îktsc* dgkuh esa cky euksfoKku dk ltho ifjp; feyrk gSA bl dFku ij çdk'k

Mkfy,A

4- îktsc* dgkuh dh ewy laosnuk ij vius fopkj çdV dhft,A

5- ikB esa vk, fuEufyf[kr x|ka'kksa dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft, &

¼d½ ^êsjs eu esa ml le; --------------------------- nckuk Bhd ugha gSA**

¼[k½ ^êq>s ;g ,d Hkkjh --------------------------------- Hk;kog gks ldrh gSA**

¼x½ ^^cPps esa pksjh dh -------------------------------- ugha gks ldrsA**

¼?k½ ^^jktuhfr jk"Vª -------------------------------- jax QSykrh gSA**

ÛÛÛ

fucU/kkRed ç'u &

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(102)

18- vyksih

Û egknsoh oekZ

ysf[kdk ifjp; &

ikB ifjp; &

ewy ikB &

egknsoh oekZ dk tUe 1907 bZå esa Q#Z[kkckn esa ,d izfrf"Br ?kjkus esa gqvkA vkius 1933 esa

laLÑr esa ,eå,å mÙkh.kZ dh vkSj mlh o"kZ iz;kx efgyk fon~;kihB dh fizafliy fu;qDr gks xb±A vkidh

ekrk fganh dh fonq"kh FkhaA rqylh] lwj vkSj ehjk dh jpukvksa dk ifjp; vkidks loZizFke ekrk ls gh izkIr

gqvkA Nk;koknh dkO; /kkjk ds pkj LraHkksa izlkn] iar] fujkyk vkSj egknsoh oekZ dk fganh lkfgR; esa fo'ks"k

LFkku gSA

vkius izkjafHkd dfork,¡ czt Hkk"kk esa fy[kha fdarq 'kh?kz gh Jh eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr dh [kM+h cksyh

dh dforkvksa ls izHkkfor gksdj] vkius Hkh [kM+h cksyh dks gh viuh dforkvksa dk ek/;e cuk;kA

vk/kqfud fganh dfo;ksa esa vkidk izeq[k LFkku gSA ;n~;fi vkidh lkfgfR;d izfln~f/k dk dkj.k vkidh

dfork gh gS fdarq vkidk xn~; ys[ku ij Hkh iwjk vf/kdkj gSA *vrhr ds pyfp=^ vkSj *Le`fr dh js[kk,¡^

uke ls vkids laLej.k vkSj js[kkfp= izdkf'kr gq, gSaA buds vfrfjDr ukjh leL;kvksa ij *Ükà[kyk dh

dfM+;k¡^ uked fuca/kksa dk laxzg rFkk vU; vusd dfork laxzg izdkf'kr gks pqds gSaA buds dfork laxzg

gSa &*uhgkj^] *jf'e^] *uhjtk^] *lka/; xhrÂ

egknsoh lkekftd vkn'kks± vkSj yksd eaxy ds izfr iw.kZ tkx:d jgh gSaA mudk fparu Hkkjrh;

fparu/kkjk dk egÙoiw.kZ fodkl gSA thou ds lk/kkj.k izlaxksa dks 'kCn fp=ksa esa vafdr dj nsuk mudh

fo'ks"krk gSA ekuoh; lgkuqHkwfr vkSj laosxksa dh xgurk dk fp= vafdr djus esa mudk dksbZ lkuh ugha

gSA

;g ikB vyksihnsoh n~okjk iznÙk] us=ghu fdarq LokfHkekuh iq#"k vyksih dk laLej.k gSA ;gh

ugha & vHkko ;k nhu ghu fLFkfr] vkfFkZd n`f"V ls Hkh nhu firk dkNh dh e`R;q us vyksih ds iq#"kkFkZ vkSj

ekuoh; laosnuk dks txk fn;k og iwjh ltxrk vkSj bZekunkjh ls deZ {ks= esa dwn iM+kA va/krk dh

vogsyuk dj euks;ksxiwoZd thou dÙkZO; dh jkg ij c<+ gh jgk Fkk fd iRuh dh prqjkbZ vkSj Nykos us

mlds LoxZ dks <gk fn;kA foo'k vyksih vle; gh e`R;q dh [kksg esa lek x;kA fu;fr ds O;aX; ls

thou vkSj lalkj ds Ny ls e`R;q ikus okys vyksih dh thou ;k=k dh lkFkZdrk ij ,d cM+k iz'ufpg~u

vafdr djrk gqvk ;g laLej.k vkRek ds lkSan;Z dh O;k[;k vo'; djrk gSA

va/ks vyksih ds ?kVuk 'kwU; thou esa mi;ksfxrk dk ,d Hkh ijek.kq gS ;k ugha] bldh [kkst dksbZ

rÙo oSKkfud gh dj ldsxkA eq>s rks mldh dFkk vk¡lw Hkjh n`f"V dh Nk;k esa dk¡irs gq, nq%[k xhr dh

,d dM+h lh yxrh jgh gSA

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(103)

eSaus mls dc ns[kk] ;g dgkuh Hkh mlh ds leku viuh fofp=rk esa d#.k gSA

oS'kk[k u, xk;d ds leku viuh vfXuoh.kk ij ,d ls ,d yEck vkyki ysdj lalkj dks

fofLer dj nsuk pkgrk FkkA esjk NksVk ?kj xehZ dh n`f"V ls dqEgkj dk nsgkrh vkok¡ cu jgk Fkk vkSj gok

ls [kqyrs] can gksrs f[kM+dh njoktksa ds dksykgy ds dkj.k vk/kqfud dkj[kkus dh Hkzkafr mRiUu djrk

FkkA eSa bl eq[kj Tokyk ds mi;qDr gh dke dj jgh Fkh vFkkZr~ mÙkj iqLrdksa esa va/kk/kaq/k Hkjs Kku vKku

dh jkf'k dks foosd esa rik rikdj Kku d.kksa dk ewY; fuf'pr dj jgh FkhA ge yksx Hkh dSls fofp= gSaA

tc cQZ] [kl dh VV~Vh] fctyh ds ia[ks vkfn vusd Ñf=e mipkjksa ls Hkh ge viuh cqf) dk fi?kyuk

ugha jksd ldrs] rc nwljksa ds Kku dh ijh{kk ysus cSBs gSaA ;fn efLr"d] Bhd fLFkfr esa gks] rks dnkfpr~

ge U;k; ds fy, ,sls vU;kU;ijk;.k gks gh u ldsaA

rhljk igj Fkds ;k=h ds leku ekuks Bgj Bgj dj c<+k pyk vk jgk Fkk vkSj esjs gkFk rFkk

n`f"V esa i`"Bksa ij nkSM+us dh izfr;ksfxrk py jgh FkhA ,sls volj ij fdlh dk Hkh vkuk gekjh v/khjrk esa

>YykgV dk iqV feyk nsrk gS] ml ij ;fn vkxUrqd ds daBLoj esa gesa mlds fHk[kkjhiu dk vkHkkl

fey x;k gks] rc rks dguk gh D;kA ukSdj pkdj lc viuh&viuh dksBfj;ksa ds vLokHkkfod va/kdkj

dks vkSj Hkh l?ku djds LosPNk ls mywd gksus dk lq[k Hkksx jgs gSaA lkspk] u mBw¡A iqdkjus okys dks

vle; vkus dk naM lguk pkfg,] ijarq fHk[kkjh ds laca/k esa esjs laLdkj dqN ,slh gh rdZghurk rd igq¡p

pqds gSa] tgk¡ ls va/kfo'okl dh lhek&js[kk nwj ugha jg tkrhA cpiu ls cM+s gksus rd ek¡ u tkus fdruh

O;k[;k miO;k[;kvksa ds lkFk bl O;ogkj lw= dks le>krh jgh gS fd gekjh f'k"Vrk dh ijh{kk rc

ugha gks ldrh] tc dksbZ cM+k vfrfFk gesa viuh Ñik dk nku nsus ?kj esa vkrk gS] oju~ ml le; gksrh gS]

tc dksbZ Hkwyk&HkVdk fHk[kkjh n~okj ij [kM+k gksdj gekjh n;k ds d.k ds fy, gkFk QSyk nsrk gSA

ek¡ ds thou dky esa ,sls vusd volj vk, gksaxs] tc eq>s lh[kk gqvk ikB Lej.k ugha jgk( ij

tc ls vizlUu gksus dh lhek ds ikj igq¡p pqdh gw¡] rc ls eq>s Hkwyk gqvk Hkh lkjh lw{e O;k[;kvksa ds lkFk

;kn vkus yxk gSA

fHk[kkjh dh vko';drk ls vf/kd eq>s viuh f'k"Vrk dh ijh{kk dk /;ku FkkA fu#ik; mBuk

iM+kA dbZ ckj iqdkjus ds mijkar iqdkjus okyh ewfrZ;k¡ iÙkksa esa nfjæ uhe gh ls Nk;k ;kpuk djus py

iM+h FkhA ,] vks vkfn vifjp; cks/kd laKk esa viuk vkea=.k igpku dj tc os ykSVha] rc muds izfr

ix ij esjk dkSrwgy iSj c<+kus yxkA peZ ds vkoj.k esa ls viuk foæksg izdV djus okys vfLFk iatj ds

fy, QVs yacs dqrsZ dks nksgjk dkjkxkj cuk, 6 7 o"kZ dk ckyd ykBh dks ,d vksj ls Fkkes vkxs vkxs vk

jgk Fkk vkSj Å¡ph /kksrh vkSj eSyh caMh esa vius dadky dks ;FkklaHko eqfDr fn, ,d va/kk ykBh ds nwljs

Nksj ds lgkjs Vvksy VVksy dj c<+rs gq, iSjksa ls mldk vuqlj.k dj jgk FkkA [ksr esa ydM+h ij vkSa/kkbZ

gqbZ eVdh tSls flj dks fgykrs gq, izkS<+ ckyd us o`) ;qod dks vkxs dj u tkus D;k crk;k] ij tc

mlus Åij eq[k mBkdj ueLdkj fd;k] rc ,slk tku iM+k ekuks ueLdkj dk y{; [ktwj dk isM+ gSA

thou esa igyh ckj esjk eu iz'u ds mi;qDr 'kCnksa dh [kkst esa HkVd dj ml us=ghu ds lkeus

ewd lk jg x;kA

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(104)

/kwy ds jax ds diM+s vkSj /kwy Hkjs iSj rks Fks gh] ml ij mlds NksVs NksVs ckykas] piVs ls ekFks]

f'kfFky iydksa dh fojy c#fu;ksa] fc[kjh lh HkkSagksa] lw[ks] irys vksBksa vkSj dqN Åij mBh gqbZ BqM~Mh ij

jkg dh xnZ dh ,d ijr bl rjg te xbZ Fkh fd og vk/ks lw[ks Dys ekWMy ds vfrfjDr vkSj dqN yxrk

gh u FkkA n`f"V ds vkyksd ls 'kwU; NksVh&NksVh vk¡[ksa dPps dk¡p dh eSyh xksfy;ksa ds leku pedghu

Fkha( ftuls ml 'kjhj dh futhZo ewfrZeÙkk dh Hkzkafr vkSj Hkh xgjh gks tkrh FkhA

dnkfpr~ blh dkj.k mlds daB Loj us eq>s vKkr Hkko ls pkSadk fn;kA bl o"kZ dk thou

[kqyh iqLrd tSlk jgrk gS] vr% egku~ gh ugha] rqPNre vko';drk ds volj ij Hkh mldh dFkk vkfn

ls var rd lquk nsuk lgt gks tkrk gSA blds foijhr gekjk tfVy ls tfVyre gksrk gqvk vUrtZxr~

vkSj Ñf=e curk gqvk thou ,slh fLFkfr mRiUu fd, fcuk ugha jgrk] ftlesa ckgj ds cxqysiu dks

Hkhrj dh lM+h xyh eNfy;ksa ls lQsnh feyus yxrh gSA blh ls gekjh rkjrE;ghu dFkk vf/kdkf/kd

vdFkuh; curh tkrh gS vkSj lq[k nq%[k dh ljy ekfeZdrk futhZo gksus yxrh gSA ge lgt Hkko ls

viuh my>h dgkuh dg ugha ldrsA vr% tc dgus cSBrs gSa] rc dYiuk dk ,d ,d rkj lR; gks

vusd >adkjksa dh Hkazkfr mRiUu djds mls vkSj vf/kd my>kus yxrk gSA

va/ks vyksih dh dFkk esa u euksoSKkfud xqfRFk;k¡ gkFk yxha vkSj u leL;kvksa dh HkwyHkwyS;k izkIr

gqb±A gk¡] mldh nSU; Hkjh okpkyrk ls irk pyk fd p{kq ds vHkko dh iwfrZ mldh jluk us dj yh gS vkSj

bl izdkj iap KkusfUæ;ksa esa pkgs Kku dk mfpr foHkktu u gks ldk( ij mlds ifjek.k dk larqyu ugha

fcxM+kA

mldk firk dkNh dqykoral jgk] ij cgqr fnuksa rd vius Hkkoh oa'k/kj dh izrh{kk djus ds

mijkar mls ;kpd ds :i esa vyksihnsoh ds n~okj ij mifLFkr gksuk iM+kA vyksihnsoh dnkfpr~ ml

mnkj lwe ds leku Fkha tks vius nkuh gksus dh [;kfr ds fy, nku djrk gS] ;kpd dh vko';drk dh

iwfrZ ds fy, ughaA muds eafnj ls ,d v[kafMr euq"; ewfrZ Hkh u fudy ldhA ,d iq= fn;k] og Hkh

us=ghuA ek¡ cki us mlds nku dks mUgha ds pj.kksa ij Qsad vkus dh Ñr?urk rks ugha fn[kkbZ( ij mldh

Ñi.krk dh ?kks"k.kk dj vU; ;kpdksa dks lko/kku djus ds fy, mldk uke j[k fn;k vyksihnhuA

og vyksihnhu vc 23 o"kZ dk gks pqdk gS vkSj dkNh firk va/ks iq= ls fir` _.k dk C;kt ek=

pqdk dj ewy dks viuh lsok ls pqdkus ds fy, firjksa ds njckj esa pyk x;k gSA ek¡ rjdkfj;k¡ ysdj Qsjh

yxkrh gSa( ij iq= dks vPNk ugha yxrk fd toku vkneh cSBk jgs vkSj cqf<+;k ej ej dj dek,A blh ls

'kkd rjdkfj;ksa ds rÙoosÙkk rkÅ ls ;gk¡ dh ppkZ lqu] og dke dh [kkst esa fudy iM+k gSA ,sls vk'p;Z

ls esjk dHkh lk{kkr~ ugha gqvk FkkA thou ls vutku fd'kksjksa dh la[;k de ugha] tks lq[k ds lk/kuksa ds

fy, ml ek¡ ls >xM+rs gSa] ftldh m¡xfy;ksa ds iksj flykbZ djrs djrs Nyuh gks pqds gSaA dqyo/kqvksa ds

leku vk¡lw ihus okys ;qodksa dk vHkko ugha( ftudk ikS#"k u nfjæ firk dk lc dqN Nhu ysus esa daqfBr

gks tkrk gS vkSj u fHk{kko`fÙk ls ewfPNZrA viuh ijkt; dks fot; ekuus okys ,sls iq#"kksa ls Hkh lekt

'kwU; ugha] tks NksVs cPpksa dks NksM+dj fnu fnu Hkj ifjJe djus okyh ifRu;ksa ds mikftZr iSlksa ls

flusek ?kjksa dh 'kksHkk c<+k vkrs gSaA

lk/kkj.kr% vkt ds iq#"k dk iq#"kkFkZ foyki gSA ftrus izdkj ls] ftruh Hkko Hkafxek ds lkFk(

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(105)

ftrus Lojksa esa og vius fujk'k thou dk eflZ;k xk lds] viuh vleFkZrk dk L;kik dj lds mruk gh

og LrqR; gS vkSj mruk gh vf/kd iq#"k uke ds mi;qDr gSA

va/kh vk¡[kksa dks vkdk'k dh vksj mBkdj vius iq#"kkFkZ dh nksgkbZ nsus okys vyksih dks ,slh

ijaijk ds U;k;ky; esa izk.k n.M ds vfrfjDr vkSj dqN ugha fey ldrk FkkA

dqN izÑfrLFk gksdj eSaus iz'u fd;k &*rqe ;gk¡ dkSu lk dke dj ldrs gks \ vyksih igys ls

gh lc lksp le>dj vk;k Fkk & ;g nsgkr ds [ksrksa ls lLrh vkSj vPNh rjdkfj;k¡ yk,xk & esjs fy,

vkSj Nk=kokl dh fo|kfFkZfu;ksa ds fy,A

vius thouO;kih va/ksjsiu esa og ,slk O;olk; esa my>k gqvk dÙkZO; fdl izdkj l¡Hkky

ldsxk] ;g iwNus dk vodk'k u nsdj vyksih us vius QqQsjs HkkbZ jX?kw dh vksj ladsrdj crk;k fd mu

nksuksa ds lfEefyr iq#"kkFkZ ls dfBure dk;Z Hkh laHko gksrs jgs gSaA

izLrko vHkwriwoZ Fkk( ij eSa Hkh dqN de fofp= ugha] blh ls jX?kw vkSj vyksih vius nqcZy da/kksa

ij dÙkZO; dk xq#&Hkkj ykn dj ykSVsA

nwljs fnu losjs gh ,d gkFk ls jX?kw dks ykBh dk Nksj Fkkes vkSj nwljs ls flj ij j[kh cM+h lh

NkcM+h l¡Hkkys gq, vyksih] *ekfyd gks! ekfyd gks!^ iqdkjus yxkA

eq>s D;k D;k ilan gS ;g tkuus ds fy, tc og vuqu; fou; djus yxk rc eSa cM+h dfBukbZ

esa iM+hA dqN rjdkfj;k¡ MkWDVjksa us esjs iF; dh lwph esa ugha j[kh gSa vkSj 'ks"k ds fy, lnk ls ;gh fu;e

jgk gS fd tks HkfDru ds foosd dks #ps] og eq>s LohÑr gksA fQj ftls o"kZ esa] dqN eghus ngh ij] dqN

Qy ij vkSj dqN f[kpM+h] nfy;k vkfn iF; ij fcrkus iM+rs gksa] og #fp ds laca/k esa ohrjkx gks gh

tkrk gSA ij vyksih dks fujk'k u djus ds fy, eSaus og lc ys fy;k] ftls og esjs fy, gh yk;k FkkA

iSls nsrs le; vyksih us dgk& og eghus ij ysxkA tc eSaus vius Hkwy tkus dh laHkkouk vkSj fglkc

fy[kus dh fojfDr dh O;k[;k vkjaHk dh] rc mlus cgqr fo'okl ds lkFk le>k;k fd og nl rd

igkM+s vkSj igyh fdrkc ds fon~oku rkÅ dh lgk;rk ls esjk fglkc Bhd j[ksxkA Nk=kokl dk ogk¡ dh

esVªu j[ksaxh ghA ogk¡ bl ;qxy ewfrZ dks ysdj tks fouksnkRed dksykgy epk] mlds laca/k esa *fxjk

vu;u u;u fcuq ckuh^ dguk gh Bhd gksxk( ij nks pkj fnu esa gh vyksih lcdh eerk dk ik= cu

x;k mls tks LoPNanrk izkIr Fkh] og nwljs ukSdjksa dks fey gh ugha ldrh FkhA esl ds fy, vk¡xu ds ,d

dksus esa og iSj QSykdj cSBrk vkSj rkSydj ykbZ gqbZ rjdkjh fQj ogk¡ ds cM+s rjktw ij rkSyus yxrkA

mldk Li'kZ Kku bruk c<+ x;k Fkk fd ykSdh] dn~nw] dVgy vkfn dks gkFk esa ysrs gh og mudk rkSy

crk nsrk FkkA rqykrs&rqykrs og 'kkd rjdkfj;ksa ds izdkj vkSj [ksrksa laca/k esa] egjkftu] ckjh vkfn dks

u tkus fdruk KkrO; crkrk pyrk FkkA izk;% NksVh ckfydk,¡ mls ?ksj dj fpfM+;ksa dh rjg pgdrh gh

jgrh FkhaA muds fy, og ve:n] csj vkfn Hkh ykus yxk] ftuds nke ds laca/k esa dqN fuf'pr :i ls

dgk ugha tk ldrkA ,d fnu tc dkWyst ds Qy okys us f'kdk;r dh fd va/kk Qy ykdj cPpksa dks

ck¡Vrk gS] ftlls mlds O;kikj dks gkfu igq¡prh gS( rc eSus vyksih ls iwNk mlus nk¡r ls thHk dh uksd

nckdj flj fgykrs gq, tks mÙkj fn;k] mldk HkkokFkZ Fkk fd nke mls fey tkrk gSA fQj og Ldwy ds

le; rks vkrk ugha] vr% Qy okys dh mlls D;k gkfu gks ldrh gSA

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ckfydk,¡ u vyksih dks >wBk Bgjk ldrh Fkha] u esjs lkeus >wB cksy ldrh Fkha( vr% os ekSu

jghaA esjs vuqfpr mfpr laca/kh O;k[;ku ds mÙkj esa vyksih us eSyh fiNkSjh ds Nksj ls /kq¡/kyh vk¡[ksa

iksaNrs&iksaNrs crk;k fd mldh ,d vkB ukS o"kZ dh ppsjh cfgu ej pqdh gSA bu ckfydkvksa ds Loj esa

mls cfgu dh Hkzkafr gksus yxrh gS] blh ls viuh nfjærk ds vuq:i nks pkj ve:n] csj] tkequ vkfn ys

vkrk gSA mlds nsgkr esa ,slh phtksa dk dksbZ nke ugha ysrk] fQj og dSls tkurk fd 'kgj esa ,sls nsuk

cqjk ekuk tkrk gSA nke nsdj [kjhnrk] rks ysuk fdlh rjg mfpr Hkh gks ldrk FkkA ij os Qy mls

rjdkfj;ksa ds lkFk ?kyq, esa fey tkrs gSaA buls iSls cukus dh ckr lkspdj mldk eu tkus dSlk dSlk

gksus yxrk gSA mUeq[k vyksih ds eq[k dk Hkko ns[kdj eSa vius <iksj'ka[kh U;k; dk egÙo le> xbZ vkSj

rc esjk eu vius Åij gh [kht mBkA dguk O;FkZ gS fd vyksih dks vius fl)kUr esa dksbZ ifjorZu ugha

djuk iM+kA vyksih ds us= ugha Fks] blh ls laHkor% og u izÑfr ds jkSæ :i ls Hk;Hkhr gksrk Fkk vkSj u

mlds lkSan;Z ls cgdrk FkkA ewlyk/kkj o`f"V tc cQZ ds rwQku dh Hkzkafr mRiUu djrh] fctyh tc

yiVksa ds QOokjs&tSlh yxrh vkSj cknyksa ds xtZu esa tc ioZrksa ds cksyus dk vkHkkl feyrk] rc jX?kw

rks pyrs&pyrs ckgj ls vk¡[ksa fNik ysrk] ij Hkhxs fpFkM+s ds xqM~Ms ds leku vyksih ukd dh uksd ls

pwrs gq, ikuh dh fpark u dj] Hkhxh m¡xfy;ksa ls fQlyrh ykBh Fkkesa vkSj gjs [ksr ds [kaM tSlh NkcM+h

la¡Hkkys] bl rjg ik¡o j[krk] ekuksa mUgsa vkt gh i`Foh dk iwjk ifjp; izkIr djuk gSA ,d ckj Hkh dhpM+

esa iSj iM+ tkus ij jX?kw dh [kSj u Fkh] D;ksafd vyksih vk¡[k okys ds iFk izn'kZu esa ,slh Hkwy v{kE;

le>rk FkkA tc 'khr cQhZys rkjksa dk O;wg lk jp nsrh vkSj i{kk?kkr dh lk¡l tSlh gok cgrh] rc jX?kw

irys dqjrs esa fexhZ ds jksxh ds leku fgyrk vkSj nk¡r ctkrk pyrk( ij vyksih lkjh 'kfDr ls fBBqjs

vksBksa ds dikV can fd, vkSj lnhZ ls uhys uk[kwu vkSj ,saBh m¡xfy;ksa okys iSjksa dks rksy rksydj j[krk

gqvk vkrkA xzh"e esa tc /kwy ,slh tku iM+rh] ekuksa dksbZ i`Foh dks ihl ihl dj mM+k;s ns jgk gS vkSj yw

tyrs gq, O;fDr dh rjg phRdkj djrh gqbZ] bl dksus ls ml dksus esa nkSM+rh fQjrh] rc gkFk esa vk¡[kksa

ij vksV fd, gq, jX?kw ds tYnh tYnh mBrs gq, iSj eq>s HkkM+ esa ukprs gq, nkuksa dk Lej.k fnykrs FksA ij

vyksih iydsa ew¡ndj vk¡[kksa ds va/kdkj dks Hkhrj gh canh cukrk gqvk vius gj ix dks bruh /khjrk ls

tyrh /kjrh ij j[krk Fkk] ekuks mlds ân; dk rki ukirk gksA clar gks ;k gksyh] n'kgjk gks ;k

nhokyh] vyksih ds fu;e esa dksbZ O;frØe dHkh ugha ns[kk x;kA

,d ckj tc viuh yEch vdeZ.;rk ij yfTtr gekjs fganw eqfLye HkkbZ ohjrk dh izfr;ksfxrk

esa lfØ; Hkkx ys jgs Fks] rc vyksih igys ls nqxuh cM+h Mfy;k esa u tkus D;k D;k Hkjs vkSj ,d cM+h

xBjh jX?kw dh ihB ij Hkh ykns] lqulku jkLrs ls vk igq¡pkA mlds nqLlkgl us eq>s fofLer u djds

Øksf/kr dj fn;kA *rqe ân; ds Hkh va/ks gks] ,slh v¡/ksjh xfy;ksa esa izk.k nsdj dqN LoxZ ugha igq¡p tkvksxs^

vkfn vkfn Lokxr opuksa ds mÙkj esa vyksih cSaxu ykSdh VVksyus yxkA esjs vk¡xu esa rjdkfj;ksa dk

Vhyk fufeZr dj] og oSls gh ewd Hkko ls Nk=kokl dh vksj py fn;kA ogk¡ ls ykSVdj tc og lw[kh

vk¡[ksa iksaNrk vkSj fBBdrk lk lkeus vk [kM+k gqvk] rc esjk Øks/k cjl dj feV pqdk Fkk vkSj eu esa

eerk dh ltyrk O;kIr FkhA

esjs daB esa vk'oklu dk Loj igpkudj mlus #d #d dj crk;k fd og nks fnu ds fy,

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rjdkfj;k¡ ys vk;k gSA esVªu ls mls Kkr gks x;k Fkk fd muds HkaMkj ?kj ds vpkj lekIr gks pqds gSa vkSj

cfM+;ksa esa QQw¡nh yx xbZ gSA dsoy nky ls rks vyksih tSls O;fDr gh jksVh [kk ldrs gSa] vr% ;g nsgkr

ls ;g lc [kjhn dj csprk csprk ;gk¡ vk igq¡pkA ml fcuk vk¡[kksa okys vkneh dks dkSu lrk,xk( ij

tc esjh vkKk ugha gS] rc og ?kj ls ckgj iSj ugha j[k ldrkA vc nks fnu ds fy, fpark ugha gS] fQj

rc rd ;g >xM+k lekIr gks gh tk,xkA vyksih dks ,sls le; Hkh jksd j[kuk laHko ugha gks ldk]

D;ksafd cw<+h ek¡ dh j{kk dk Hkkj ml ij FkkA

eSa cjkens esa gw¡ ;k ugha] ;g vyksih ns[k u ldrk Fkk( ij ,slk dHkh ugha gqvk fd mlus vkrs

tkrs ml fn'kk esa ueLdkj u dj fy;k gksA

vusd ckj eSaus [kkyh Mfy;ksa ds lkFk uhe ds uhps cSBs vyksih dks HkfDr ls cgqr euks;ksxiwoZd

ckrsa djrs ns[kk FkkA okrkZyki dk fo"k; Hkh de egÙoiw.kZ ugha jgrk FkkA eq>s djsyk vPNk yxrk gS ;k

dVgy] dpukj dh dyh ilan gS ;k lgtu dh Qyh] esFkh dk lkx #fpdj gksrk gS ;k ikyd dk]

ehBk uhacw] ykHknk;d gS ;k larjk] vkfn iz'uksa ij xaHkhjrk ls okn fookn pyrkA

,d ckj dh ?kVuk viuh {kqærk eas Hkh esjs fy, cgqr xq# gSA eSa Toj ls ihfM+r FkhA dbZ fnuksa

rd cjkens dks ueLdkj dj vyksih us jX?kw ls dgk&tku iM+rk gS bl ckj xq#th cgqr xqLlk gks xbZ

gSaA igys dh rjg dqN iwNrh gh ugha( ij tc mls Kkr gqvk fd eSa chekjh ds dkj.k ckgj vk gh ugha

ldrh] rc og cgqr fpafrr gks mBkA nwljs fnu lans'k feyk fd vyksih eq>s ns[kus dh vkKk pkgrk gSA

mrus d"V ds le; Hkh eq>s g¡lh vk, fcuk u jg ldhA va/kk vyksih vla[; ckj vkKk ikdj Hkh eq>s

ns[kus esa leFkZ dSls gks ldrk FkkA ij vyksih Hkhrj vk;k vkSj ueLdkj dj Vvksyrk VVksyrk nsgyh ds

ikl cSB x;kA fQj viuh /kq¡/kyh] 'kwU; vk¡[kksa dh vkæZrk ck¡g ls iksaNdj fiNkSjh ds ,d Nksj esa yxh

xk¡B [kksyrs gq, mlus vijk/kh dh eqæk ls crk;k fd og Lo;a tkdj vyksih nsoh dh foHkwfr yk;k gSA

,d pqVdh thHk ij j[k yh tk; vkSj ,d ekFks ij yxk yh tk;] rks lc jksx nks"k nwj gks tk;xkA dgus

dh bPNk gqbZ & tc nsoh rqEgkjk gh iwjk u dj ldha] rc esjk D;k djsaxh( ij muds ojnku dh xaHkhjrk

us eq[k ls dqN u fudyus fn;kA vyksihnsoh dh fnO;rk izekf.kr djus ds fy, vyksihnku dk dÙkZO; esa

otz vkSj eerk esa ekse ds leku ân; gh i;kZIr gksuk pkfg,A mlds fudV ftldk ifjp; Loj lewg

ds vfrfjDr vkSj dqN ugha gks ldrk( ml O;fDr ds izfr bruh lgkuqHkwfr Hkwyus dh oLrq ughaA

vyksih dks gekjs ;gk¡ vk, rhljk o"kZ py jgk FkkA mldk dqN Hkjk gqvk lk dadky dqjrs ls

lt x;k] flj ij tc rd lkQk lq'kksfHkr gksus yxk vkSj Å¡ph /kksrh dqN uhps ljd vkbZA lk/kkj.kr%

eghus esa 70 #- ls dqN vf/kd dh gh 'kkd rjdkfj;k¡ vkrh FkhaA nke pqdkdj vkSj jX?kw dks dqN nsdj Hkh

vyksih ds ikl bruk cp jgrk Fkk] ftlls og ltyrk O;kIr FkhA viuh ek¡ ds lkFk lq[k ls jg ldsA

vkSj ,d fnu rks jX?kw us g¡lrs g¡lrs crk;k fd nknk dk #i;k mldh ekbZ xkM+dj j[kus yxh gSA

vyksih ds v¡/ksjs thou dk milagkj Hkh de va/kdkje; u gks] bldk leqfpr izca/k fo/kkrk dj

pqdk FkkA ,d fnu esjs fudV cSBdj vius&vki ls lalkj&ppkZ djrh gqbZ HkfDru us lquk;k vyksih

viuk ?kj clk jgk gSA eSa bruh fofLer gqbZ fd HkfDru dh dFkkvksa ds izfr lnk dh mis{kk Hkwy dj *D;k^

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dg mBh vkSj rc HkfDru us mlh izlUu eqæk esa esjh vksj ns[kk] ftlls Hkh"e us jFk dk ifg;k ys nkSM+us

okys Ñ".k dks ns[kk gksxkA irk pyk] mlds dFku dk izR;sd v{kj fcuk feykoV dk lR; gSA

,d dkfNu] tks nks ifr;ksa dks eqfDr ns vkbZ gS] va/ks ds fy, LoxZ dh jpuk djuk pkgrh gS( ij

vyksih dh ek¡ vius ojnku esa feys iq= dks vc fQj nku esa nsuk Lohdkj ugha djrhA

xfeZ;ksa dh NqfV~V;ksa ds ckn ykSV dj lquk fd vyksih dh ek¡ vyx jgus yxh vkSj ubZ iRuh us

vkdj ?kj l¡Hkky fy;kA fQj ,d ckj mls ns[kus dk volj Hkh feykA e>ksys dn dh lqxfBr 'kjhj

okyh izkS<+k FkhA ns[kus esa lk/kkj.k lh yxh( ij mlds daB esa ,slk yksp vkSj Loj esa ,slk vkReh;rk Hkjk

fuea=.k Fkk] tks fdlh dks Hkh vkdf"kZr fd, fcuk ugha jgrk] vkSj dqN fo'ks"k pednkj vk¡[kksa esa pkykdh

ds lkFk lkFk ,slh dBksjrk >yd tkrh Fkh] tks ml ij fo'okl djuk vlaHko ugha rks dfBu vo'; dj

nsrh FkhA vyksih mls daB&Loj ls gh tkurk FkkA blh ls dnkfpr~ og fo'okl dj ldkA

jX?kw ?kj dk Hksfn;k Fkk( blh ls lc tku x, fd mldh ubZ HkkSth dks #i;s dh ppkZ ds

vfrfjDr vkSj dksbZ ppkZ ugha lqgkrhA dHkh og tkuuk pkgrh gS fd vyksih us xk<+s fnu ds fy, dqN

cpk j[kk gS ;k ugha] dHkh iwNrh gS fd mlds iNsyh vkSj >qeds fdl dksus esa xkM+dj j[k fn, tk,¡A

vyksih bl <grs gq, LoxZ esa Ng eghus jg ldkA fQj lquk fd mldh prqj iRuh lc dqN

ysdj mls ek;k ik'k ls lnk ds fy, eqfDr ns xbZ gSA

og cspkjk rks dbZ fnu rd fo'okl gh u dj ldkA [kqn xM~Ms dks Vvksy VVksy dj ns[krk

vkSj fQj n~okj ij cSBdj mldh izrh{kk djus yxrk gSA tc ijksidkjh iM+ksfl;ksa us mlds fo'okl dh

f'kyk dks ;qfDr;ksa dh ,d ls ,d eeZ Hksnh lqjaxksa ls mM+k fn;k] rc og chekj iM+ x;kA ij] fujarj

deZ;ksx ls nhf{kr iqfyl dks ;g 'kqHk lekpkj nsus dh ppkZ pyrs gh og iz'kkar fujk'kk&Hkjh n`<+rk ls

dgus yxrk &*viuh L=h dh gqfy;k fy[kokdj idM+ e¡xkuk uhp dk dke gSA^ vyksih dqN vPNk gksus

ij vkus yxk( ij mlesa igys tSlk thou ugha jg x;k FkkA iSj ?klhV dj pyrk] gkFk ls ykBh NwV NwV

iM+rhA ,d ckj esjs cjkens dh fn'kk esa ueLdkj djrs le; NkcM+h uhps vk jghA vyksih ds lc lkgl]

laiw.kZ mRlkg vkSj leLr vkRefo'okl dks lalkj dk ,d fo'okl?kkr fuxy x;k gS] ;g lR; gksus ij

Hkh dYiuk tSlk tku iM+rk gSA

va/ks dk nq%[k xw¡xk gksdj vk;k Fkk] vr% lkaRouk nsus okys mlds ân; rd igq¡pus dk ekxZ gh u

ik ldrs FksA esjs cksyrs gh og yTtk ls bl rjg fldqM+ tkrk] ekuksa mlds pkjksa vksj vksys cjl jgs gksa]

blh ls fo'ks"k dqN dg lqudj mldk ladksptfur d"V c<+kuk tSls mfpr u le>kA ij] vius vijk/k

ls vutku vkSj vdkj.k naM dh dBksjrk ls vokd~ ckyd tSls vyksih ds pkjksa vksj tks v¡/ksjh Nk;k f?kj

jgh Fkh] mlus eq>s fpafrr dj fn;k FkkA

mldh ek¡ cM+h ekurk ls izkIr va/ks iq= dk lc vijk/k Hkwy xbZ Fkh] ij gBh iq= us vius vkidks

{kek ugha fd;k] vr% mu nksuksa dk og d#.k e/kqj vrhr fQj u ykSV ldkA

eSa n'kgjs dk vodk'k ?kj gh ij fcrk jgh FkhA vyksih ,d fnu rjdkfj;k¡ nsdj lU/;k le;

rd esl gh esa cSBk jgkA dHkh cM+h eerk ls rjktw dks Nwdj ns[krk] dHkh cM+s Lusg ls iwlh dh /kuq"kkdkj

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ihB dks lgykrk vkSj dHkh fouksn ls NksVh ckfydkvksa dks fp<+kus yxrkA fQj esjh dqÙkh ¶yksjk dks

viuh fcNkSjh esa c¡/ks eqjeqjs nsdj] fgj.kh lksuk dks ewyh dh ifÙk;k¡ f[kykdj vkSj esjs cjkens dks ueLdkj

dj tks x;k] rks dHkh ugha ykSVkA rhljs fnu jksus ls lwth vk¡[kksa okys jX?kw us lekpkj fn;k fd mldk

va/kk nknk fcuk mls lkFk fy, gh u tkus fdl vKkr yksd dh egk;k=k ij py iM+kA

,sls gh vpkud rks og ;gk¡ Hkh vk igq¡pk blh ls fo'okl gksrk gS fd og fcuk HkVds gh vius

xUrO; rd igq¡p tk,xkA

ckyd jX?kw ds fy, nwljs dke dk izca/k dj eSaus vyksih ds 'ks"k Lekjd ij foLe`fr dh ;ofudk

Mky nh gS( ij vkt Hkh nsgyh dh vksj ns[krs gh esjh n`f"V ekuksa ,d Nk;kewfrZ esa iawthHkwr gksus yxrh gSA

fQj /khjs&/khjs ml Nk;k dk eq[k Li"V gks pyrk gSA mlesa eq>s dPps dk¡p dh xksfy;k¡ tSlh fu"izHk

vk¡[ksa Hkh fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSa vkSj fipds xkyksa ij lw[ks vk¡lqvksa dh js[kk dk vkHkkl Hkh feyus yxrk gSA rc

eSa vk¡[k ey ey dj lksprh gw¡ & fu;fr ds O;aX; ls thou vkSj lalkj ds Ny ls e`R;q ikus okyk vyksih

D;k esjh eerk ds fy, izsr gksdj e¡Mjkrk jgsxk \

ÛÛÛ

'kCnkFkZ &

?kVuk&'kwU; & fcuk ifjorZu ds] ?kVukvksa jfgr@ vfXuoh.kk&lw;Zrki ds c<+us dk

ladsr@ vkok¡&feV~Vh ds crZu idkus dk HkV~Vk @ Ñf=e&cukoVh@ vU;kU;ijk;.k&vU; ds izfr

fu"Bkoku@ ;kpd&fHk[kkjh@ dqykoral&dqy dk vkHkw"k.k@ eflZ;k&'kksdxhr@ iF;&LokLF;

ykHk ds fy, mi;ksxh vkgkj@ dkNh&lCth cspus okyk@ fiNkSjh&ihNs ls ¼da/kksa ij½ vks<+us dk oL=@

;ofudk&ijnk@ iawthHkwr&,d= gksdj ,d fo'ks"k voLFkk dks izkIr@

1- fdlh fHk[kkjh ds izfr lkekU; izfrfØ;k gksrh gS &

¼d½ Øks/k ¼[k½ mis{kk

¼x½ d#.kk ¼?k½ J)k ¼ ½

2- *va/kh vk¡[kksa dks vkdk'k dh vksj mBkdj vius iq#"kkFkZ dh nksgkbZ nsus okys vyksih dks

,slh ijaijk ds U;k;ky; esa izk.k n.M ds vfrfjDr vkSj dqN ugha fey ldrk FkkA^ ysf[kdk ,slk D;ksa

ekurh gSa \

¼d½ D;ksafd vyksih ds us= ugha Fks vkSj iq#"k gksdj Hkh og dqN ugha dj ldrk FkkA

¼[k½ og us= u gksus ds ckotwn dk;Z djuk pkgrk FkkA

¼x½ mlus va/kh vk¡[kksa dks vkdk'k dh vksj mBk dj viuh vleFkZrk izdV dh FkhA

¼?k½ og thou ls fujk'k gksdj muds ikl vk;k FkkA ¼ ½

1- vyksih ds p{kq ds vHkko dh iwfrZ fdlus dh \

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oLrqfu"B iz'u &


(110)

2- *vyksih nsoh dnkfpr~ ml lwe ds leku Fkha] tks vius nkuh gksus dh [;kfr ds fy,

nku djrk gSA^ bu iafDr;ksa }kjk nkunkrk dh fdl euksHkkouk ij O;aX; fd;k x;k gS \

3- *rqe dkSu&lk dke dj ldrs gks \^ iwNs tkus ij vyksih us vius fdl dk;Z dk izLrko j[kk \

1- fHk[kkjh dk Loj lqudj ysf[kdk dh D;k izfrfØ;k Fkh \

2- *ge lgt Hkko ls viuh my>h dgkuh ugha dj ldrsA^ nhughu oxZ vkSj lEiUu oxZ

dh thou dFkk dk vUrj Li"V djrs gq, ysf[kdk ds D;k fopkj gSa \

3- *vkt ds iq#"k dk iq#"kkFkZ foyki gSA^ ysf[kdk us fdl vk'k; ls ,slk dgk gS \

4- *fxjk vu;u] u;u fcuqckuh^ ysf[kdk bu 'kCnksa dks fdl lanHkZ esa Bhd ekurh gS \

5- ysf[kdk dks ;g fo'okl D;ksa gS fd vyksih fcuk HkVds vius xUrO; rd igq¡p tk,xk \

1- us=ghu vyksih u izÑfr ds jkSæ :i ls Hk;Hkhr gksrk Fkk u mlds lkSan;Z ls cgdrk

FkkA izR;sd fLFkfr esa n`<+rk ,oa /kS;Z ls dke esa layXu vyksih dk pfj= fp=.k dhft,A

2- vyksihnsoh dh fnO;rk izekf.kr djus ds fy, vyksih us D;k fd;k \

3- *va/ks dk nq%[k xwaxk gksdj vk;k FkkA vr% lkaRouk nsus okys mlds ân; rd igq¡pus dk

ekxZ gh u ik ldrs FksA^ iafDr;ksa dk D;k vk'k; gS \

4- vius vijk/k ls vutku vkSj vdkj.k naM dh dBksjrk ls vokd~ ckyd tSls vyksih ds pkjksa

vksj tks va/ksjh Nk;k f?kj jgh Fkh] mlus eq>s fpafrr dj fn;k FkkA^ vyksih esa vk, bl ifjorZu dk D;k

dkj.k Fkk \

5- laLej.k esa ls fp=e;h Hkk"kk ds iz;ksx ds va'k ladfyr dhft,A


¼d½ bl o"kZ dk thou [kqyh---------------------------------mls vkSj vf/kd my>kus yxrk gSA

¼[k½ ,d ckj dh ?kVuk viuh {kqærk -------------------------------vyksih nsoh dh foHkwfr yk;k gSA

ÛÛÛ

y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u &

fuca/kkRed iz'u &

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19- lso vkSj nso

låghåokåvKs;

ys[kd ifjp;&

ikB ifjp; &

vk/kqfud fgUnh lkfgR; ds cgqvk;keh rFkk foy{k.k O;fDrRo ds /kuh vKs; ¼miuke½ dk iwjk

uke lfPpnkuan ghjkuUn okRL;k;u vKs; gSA vKs; dk tUe lu~ 1911 eas dfl;k ftyk nsofj;k ¼m-ç-½

eas gqvkA buds firk ghjkuan “kkL=h iqjkrÙoosÙkk FksA budk cpiu y[kuÅ] d”ehj] fcgkj vkSj enzkl eas

O;rhr gqvkA f”k{kk enzkl vkSj ykgkSj eas gqbZA ch-,l-lh- djus ds ckn ,e-,- ¼vaxzsth½ ds i<+kbZ dh rFkk

laLÑr vkSj fganh dk xgu v/;;u fd;kA Lora=rk vkanksyu ds nkSjku os Økafrdkjh ds :i eas tsy Hkh

x,A vKs; ^lSfud*] ^çrhd*] û;k çrhd*] ^fctyh*] ^fo'kky Hkkjr*] okd~ ¼vaxzsth =Sekfld½ vkSj

^fnueku* ds lEiknd jgsA dqN o"kZ vkdk'kok.kh esa ukSdjh dh rFkk rhu o"kZ rd lsuk esa dSIVu Hkh jgsA

;k;kojh LoHkko ds vKs; us ;wjksi rFkk ,f'k;k dk Hkze.k fd;kA lu~ 1961 bZå esa budh fu;qfDr

dSyhQksfuZ;k fo'ofo|ky; esa Hkkjrh; laLÑfr ds vkpk;Z in ij gqbZA ̂ fdruh ukoksa esa fdruh ckj* ij

KkuihB iqjLdkj ls lEekfur gq,A 4 vçSy] 1987 dks budk LoxZokl gqvkA

fganh lkfgR; esa vKs; dh çfr"Bk ubZ ijEijk dk lw=ikr djus okys dfo ds :i esa gSA lu~

1943 esa bUgksaus rkj lIrd dk çdk'ku fd;k] ftlls ç;ksxoknh dkO;/kkjk dk tUe ekuk tkrk gSA

blds ckn vKs; us rhu vkSj rkj lIrdksa dk lEiknu fd;kA vKs; us miU;kl] dgkuh] ;k=ko.kZu]

dfork] fucU/k vkfn vusd fo/kkvksa esa fy[kk gSA budh çeq[k jpukvksa esa ^HkXunwr* *fpUrk^] ^bR;ye~*]

^gjh ?kkl ij {k.k Hkj*] ̂ ckojk vgsjh*] ̂ fdruh ukoksa esa fdruh ckj*] bUnz/kuq jkSans gq, ;s*] ̂vk¡xu ds ikj

}kj* ¼dkO;½] 'ks[kj ,d thouh] ûnh ds }hi*] ^vius&vius vtuch* ¼miU;kl½ *foiFkxk*] îjEijk*]

^dksBjh dh ckr*] 'kj.kkFkhZ*] ̂t;nksy*] ;s rsjs çfr:i ¼dgkuh laxzg½ ̂vjs ;k;koj jgsxk ;kn*] ̂,d cw¡n

lglk mNyh* ¼;k=ko`ÙkkUr½ ^vkReusin*] ^f='kadq*] ûojax vkSj dqN jkx*] fganh lkfgR; ,d vk/kqfud

ifjn`';* ¼fuca/k laxzg½ vkfn mYys[kuh; gSaA

*lso vkSj nso^ dgkuh ds ek/;e ls vKs; us tgk¡ ,d vksj ;g Li"V lans'k fn;k gS fd uSfrd

ewY;ksa dh fLFkfr Lor%LQwrZ gksrh gS] vkjksfir ugha] ogha ;g Hkh O;Dr fd;k gS fd euq"; dh vkLFkk mls

vkSj vf/kd uSfrd cy nsrh gSA nso ewfrZ;ksa ds çfr fo'ks"k #fp ,oa vkLFkk j[kus okys çksQslj xtkuu

vius O;fDrRo ls ;g fl) dj nsrs gSa fd vkLFkk esa cgqr cM+h 'kfDr gksrh gSA çksQslj xtkuu ,d Hkw[ks

ckyd dks ̂lso* ds ckx ls lso pqjkdj rksM+us ij Mk¡Vrs gSa vkSj Lo;a nso efUnj esa misf{kr iM+h vuqie

ewfrZ ;s lkspdj mBk ysrs gSa fd eafnj esa bldk j[k j[kko Bhd ugha gSA os mls vius vksoj dksV esa fNik

ysrs gSaA ykSVrs le; ogh lso dk cxhpk jkLrs esa iM+rk gS vkSj os ns[krs gSa] ogh igys okyk yM+dk lso dh

pksjh dj jgk gSA ;g ns[kdj os Øksf/kr gksrs gSa vkSj cPps dks ekjrs gSa( fdUrq vpkud mUgsa vuqHko gksrk gS

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fd **bl cPps us rks dsoy lso gh pqjk;k gS] os rks nsoLFkku ywV yk, gSaA** ;gh vuqHkwfr muds ân; esa

ewY; psruk vkSj uSfrdrk txk nsrh gS vkSj myVs ik¡o ykSVdj nsoLFkku tkrs gSaA ewfrZ dks okil ;Fkk

LFkku j[k vkrs gSaA mUgsa vius ij Xykfu gksrh gSA os ;g fl) dj nsrs gSa fd Hkkjrh; nsoh nsork ftuesa

ge vkLFkk j[krs gSa( muls gekjs ân; esa Nk;k vKkukU/kdkj u"V gks tkrk gS vkSj uSfrd ewY; rFkk lr~

dh çfr"Bk gksrh gSA

çksQslj xtkuu iafMr us viuk p'ek iksaNdj fQj vk¡[kksa ij yxk;k vkSj ns[krs jg x,A eksVj

ij ls mrjdj vkSj lkeku Mkdcaxys esa fHktokdj mUgksaus lkspk Fkk] vHkh vkjke djus dh t:jr rks gS

ughaA t+jk ?kwe ?kke dj igkM+h lkSUn;Z ns[k ysa] vkSj blfy, eksVj ds vìs ds /kDde&/kDds ls vyx

gksdj os bl igkM+h jkLrs ij gks fy, FksA Nk;k esa tc p'esa dk dk¡p B.Mk gks x;k vkSj ml ij muds

xeZ cnu ls mBh gqbZ Hkki teus yxh] rc mUgksaus p'ek mrkjdj :eky ls eq¡g iksaNk] fQj p'ek lkQ

djds vk¡[kksa ij p<+k;k vkSj fQj ns[krs jg x,A igkM+h jkLrk vkxs ,dk,d [kqy x;k FkkA phM+ ds o`{k

lekIr gks x,A jkLrs dks ikj djrk gqvk ,d >juk cg jgk FkkA mldk ftruk va'k lery Hkwfe esa Fkk]

ml ij rks Nk;k Fkh] ysfdu tgk¡ og ekxZ ds ,d vksj uhps fxjrk Fkk] ogk¡ çikr ds Qsu ij lw;Z dh

fdj.ksa Hkh iM+ jgh FkhaA ,slk tku iM+rk Fkk fd va/kdkj dh dks[k esa pk¡nh dk çokg QwV iM+k gS & ;k

çÑfr ukf;dk dh dtjkjh vk¡[kksa ls Lusg xn~xn vk¡lqvksas dh >M+h------- vkSj mlds ikj ,d pêku ds

lgkjs ,d igkM+h jktiwr ckyk [kM+h Fkh] mldh pkSadh gqbZ Hkksyh 'kDy ls lkQ fn[krk Fkk fd çksQslj

lkgc dk ogk¡ vdLekr~ vk tkuk mls ,dne vuf/kdkj&ços'k ekywe gks jgk gSA çksQ+slj lkgc fnYyh

ds ,d dkWyst esa çkphu bfrgkl vkSj iqjkrÙo ds v/;kid gSaA os mu FkksM+s ls yksxksa esa ls gSa] ftudk is'kk

vkSj euksjatu ,d gh gS & euksjatu ds fy, Hkh os iqjkrÙo dh vksj gh tkrs gSaA ;gk¡ dqYyw igkM+ dh

lqjE; miR;dkvksa esa Hkh os lksprs gq, vk, gSa fd ;gk¡ Hkkjr dh çkphure lH;rk ds vo'ks"k mUgsa feysaxs]

vkSj fgUnw dky dh f'kYi dyk ds uewus vkSj /kkrq ;k çLrj ;k lq/kk dh ewfrZ;k¡ vkSj u tkus D;k D;k ----

ysfdu bruk lc gksrs gq, Hkh lkSUn;Z ds çfr thrs tkxrs LiUnu;qDr {k.k Hkaxqj lkSUn;Z ds çfr mudh

vk¡[ksa va/kh ugha gSaA ckyk dks ogk¡ [kM+h ns[kdj mlds iSjksa ds ikl cgrs >jus dk Loj lqurs gq, mUgsa

igys rks ,d gafluh dk [;ky vk;k] fQj ljLorh dk ¼;|fi ckyk ds gkFk esa oh.kk ugha ,d NksVh&lh

NM+h Fkh½ mUgksaus vius Loj dks ;FkklEHko dksey cukdj iwNk] **rqe dgk¡ jgrh gks \^^

ckyk us mÙkj ugha fn;k] lEHkze n`f"V ls mudh vksj ns[kdj tYnh tYnh igkM+ ij p<+us yxhA

çksQslj lkgc eqLdjk dj vkxs py fn,A ckfydk dk Hkksykiu mUgsa vPNk vPNk yxkA lkspus

yxs] *fdrus lh/ks lkns ljy LoHkko ds gksrs gSa] ;gk¡ ds yksx! çÑfr dh lq[kn xksn esa [ksyrs gq, bUgsa u

fQØ gS] u [kVdk gS] u yksHk ykyp gSA vius [kkus ihus] <ksj pjkus] xkus ctkus esa fnu fcrk nsrs gSaA

rHkh rks ckgj ls vkus okys vkneh dks ns[kdj ladksp gksrk gSA vius vki esa yhu jgus okys bu Hkksys

çkf.k;ksa dks ckgj okyksa ls D;k ljksdkj \^ vkxs c<+rs c<+rs çksQslj lkgc lkspus yxs] *,sls Hkys yksx u

gksrs rks çkphu lH;rk ds tks vo'ks"k cps gSa] ;s Hkh D;k jg tkrs \[kqnk u [kkLrk ;s yksx ;wjksfi;u

lH;rk dks lh[ks gq, gksrs rks ,d&nwljs dks ukspdj [kk tkrs] mldh jk[k Hkh u cph jgus nsrsA ysfdu

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;gk¡ rks Qkfg;ku ds tekus dk gh vkn'kZ gS] lcdks vius dke ls eryc gS] nwljs ds dke esa n[ky nsuk]

nwljs ds equkQs dh vksj n`f"V Mkyuk ;gk¡ egkiki gSA yksx <ksj pjus NksM+ nsrs gSa] 'kke dks ys tkrs gSaA

dHkh pksjh ugha] f'kdk;r ughaA [ksrh [kM+h gS] dksbZ igjsnkj ughaA etky D;k fd ,d Hkqêk Hkh pksjh gks

tk,A esjs [;ky esa rks vxj eSa ,d poUuh ;gk¡ jkg esa Qsad nw¡] rks dksbZ mBk,xk Hkh ugha fd u tkus

fdldh gS vkSj dkSu ysus vk, \^ jkLrk vc fQj f?kj x;k Fkk] ysfdu phM+ ds nh?kZdk; o`{kksa ls ugha] vc

mlds nksuksa vksj Fks lso ds NksVs&NksVs yphys xkrokys isM+] Mkj Mkj ij yns gq, Qyksa ds dkj.k ekuks

fou; ls >qds gq, D;ksafd tgk¡ lkj gksrk gS] ogk¡ fou; Hkh vo'; gksrk gS] {kqnz O;fDr gh vfou;h gks

ldrk gS vkSj dHkh&dHkh gok ls >we&ls tkrs gq,A dqYyw ds txr~ çfl) lsoksa dh ç'kalk çksQslj

lkgc us lqu gh j[kh Fkh] dbZ ckj e¡xkdj lso [kk, Hkh Fks] ysfdu vkt bl çdkj isM+ ij yxs gq, vla[;

Qyksa dks ns[k dj mudh rch;r [kq'k gks xbZA vkSj blls Hkh vf/kd [kq'kh gqbZ bl ckr dh fd xa/k vkSj

Lokn vkSj jl dh ml foiqy jkf'k dk u dksbZ j{kd dgha ns[kus esa vkrk gS] u cpko ds fy, ckM+ rd

yxkbZ xbZ gSA igkM+h lH;rk ds çfr mudk vknj Hkko vkSj Hkh c<+ x;kA D;k 'kgj esa bl rjg ckx jg

ldrk gS \ Qyksa ds dHkh idus dh ukScr u vkrh vkSj u gh rks Ldwy dkWystksa ds yM+ds gh fVìh ny dh

rjg vkdj lc lkQ dj nsrs vkSj ftruk [kkrs ugha] mruk fcxkM+ nsrsA ogk¡ rks dksbZ ckx yxk, rks ,d

,d Hkkstiqfj;s yBSr igjsnkj j[ks] vkSj pkjksa vkSj tsy dh lh nhokj [kM+h djds fd dksbZ yqd fNi dj u

ys Hkkxs] rc dgha tkdj pSu ls jg ldsA vkSj ;gk¡ ckx+ dh lhek cukus ds fy, ,d rkj dk taxyk rd

ugha gSA isM+ksa ds uhps tks yEch yEch ?kkl yx jgh gS] ogh] jkLrs ds ikl vkdj #d tkrh gS] ogha rd ----------

ckx dh lhek le> yksA ;gk¡ rks

çksQslj lkgc ds ikl gh /kEe ls dqN fxjkA mUgksaus pkSaddj ns[kk] mUgsa vkrs ns[k ,d yM+dk

isM+ ij ls dwnk gS vkSj mldh vi;kZIr vkM+ esa fNius dh dksf'k'k dj jgk gSA mlds gkFk esa nks lso gSa]

ftUgsa og vius QVs gq, Hkwjs dksV esa fdlh rjg fNik ysuk pkgrk gSA

mldh >saih gqbZ vk¡[ksa vkSj psgjk lkQ dg jgk Fkk fd og pksjh dj jgk gSA

lk/kkj.kr;k ,slh n'kk esa çksQslj lkgc fdafpr~ Xykfu ls mldh vksj ns[krs vkSj vkxs py nsrs]

ysfdu bl le; oSlk ugha dj ldsA mUgsa tku iM+k fd ;g yM+dk ml lkjh çkphu vk;Z lH;rk dks

,dlkFk gh u"V Hkz"V fd, ns jgk gS tks Qkfg;ku ds le; ls lfn;ksa igys ls v{kq..k cuh pyh vkbZ gSA

os yiddj ml yM+ds ds ikl igq¡ps vkSj cksys] *D;ksa cs cnek'k] pksjh dj jgk gS \ 'keZ ugha vkrh nwljs

dk eky [kkrs gq, \^^ yM+dk ?kcjk;k lk [kM+k jgk] cksy ugha ldkA çksQslj lkgc vkSj HkM+d mBsA ,d

rekpk mlds eq¡g ij tek;k] lso Nhudj ?kkl esa Qsad fn, tgk¡ os vks>y gks x, vkSj fQj xnZu

idM+dj yM+ds dks /kdsyrs gq, jkLrs dh vksj ys vk,A

**ikth dgha dk! Pkksjh djrk gS \rsjs tSlksa ds dkj.k rks igkM+h yksx cnuke gks x, gSaA D;ksa pqjk;s

Fks lso \ ;gk¡ rks iSls ds nks feyrs gksaxs] ,d iSls ds [kjhn ysrkA bZeku D;ksa fcxkM+rk gS \^^

jkLrs ij yM+ds dks mUgksaus NksM+ fn;kA og ogha [kM+k vk¡lw Hkjh vk¡[kksa ls m/kj ns[krk jgk tgk¡

?kkl esa mlds rksM+s gq, lso fxj dj vk¡[kksa ls vks>y gks x, FksA

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çksQslj lkgc vkxs c<+rs gq, lksp jgs Fks] [kM+k ns[k jgk gksxk fd pksjh Hkh dh] rks Qy ugha

feykA cgqr vPNk gqvkA lsoksa dk lM+ tkuk vPNk] pksj dks feyuk vPNk ughaA lM+s] pksj dks D;k gd

gS \

çksQslj lkgc ,d xk¡o ds ikl vk #dsA vUnkt ls mUgksaus tkuk fd ;g eukyh xk¡o gksxk vkSj

mUgsa ;kn vk;k fd ;gk¡ ij ,d n'kZuh; çkphu efUnj gSA xk¡o ds yksxksa ls irk iwNrs gq, os euq ds efUnj

ij igq¡p gh x,A efUnj NksVk Fkk] lqUnj Hkh ugha Fkk] ysfdu lalkj Hkj esa euq dk ,dek= efUnj gksus ds

ukrs og viuk egÙo j[krk FkkA çksQslj lkgc fdruh gh nsj rd ,dVd mldh vksj ns[krs jgs] ;gk¡

rd fd nsgjh ij cSBs gq, cw<+s iqtkjh dk /;ku Hkh mudh vksj vkÑ"V gks x;k] vkus tkus okys rks [kSj

ns[krs gh FksA

çksQslj lkgc us xn~xn Loj esa iwNk] **vklikl vkSj Hkh dksbZ efUnj gS \^^

ikl [kM+s ,d vkneh us dgk]^ûgha ckcwth] ;gk¡ dgk¡ efUnj gS \^^ ̂ ^;gk¡ efUnj ugha\** vjs Hkys --------vkneh] ;gk¡ rks lSdM+ksa efUnj gksus pkfg,A ;gk¡ ij

^^ckcwth] ;gk¡ rks yksx efUnj ns[kus vkrs ughaA dHkh dHkh dksbZ vkrk gS rks ;g euwfjf[k dk

efUnj ns[k tkrk gS] cl] vkSj rks ge tkurs ughaA**

iqtkjh us [kk¡lrs gq, iwNk] **dkSu lk efUnj nsf[k,xk] ckcw \^^

**dksbZ vkSj efUnj gks] vkl ikl ds lc efUnj&ewfrZ;k¡ eSa ns[kuk pkgrk gw¡A*^

iqtkjh us FkksM+h nsj lkspdj dgk] **vkSj rks dksbZ ugha] ml pksVh ds Åij taxy esas ,d nsoh dk

LFkku gSA ogk¡ igys dHkh ,d fdyk Hkh Fkk] ftlds vUnj nsoh ds Fkku esa iwtk gksrh Fkh] ij vc rks mlds

dqN iRFkj gh iM+s gSaA ogk¡ dksbZ tkrk ughas] vc mlesa Hkwr clrs gSaA^^

çksQslj lkgc dqN eqLdjk,] ysfdu cksys] ̂^dSls Hkwr \**

^^dgrs gS fd iqjkus jktkvksa ds Hkwr jgrs gSaA os jktk cM+s çrkih FksA**

^^vjs] mu Hkwrksa ls esjh nksLrh gS!** dgdj çksQslj lkgc us jkLrk iwNk vkSj {k.k Hkj lkspdj

igkM+ ij p<+us yxsA iqtkjh us ̂ikl gh* crk;k Fkk] rks ehy Hkj ls vf/kd ugha gksxk] vkSj vHkh rhu cts

gSa] 'kke gksus rd ets esa caxys ij igq¡p tkÅ¡xkA

taxy dk :i cnyus yxkA cM+s cM+s isM+ lekIr gks x,] vc NksVh&NksVh >kfM+;k¡ gh nh[k iM+us

yxhaA ;g iM+ko dk og eq[k Fkk] tks gok ds FkisM+ksa ls lnk fiVrk jgrk Fkk & tkM+ksa esa rks cQZ dh pksVas

;gk¡ yxs gq, isM+ ikS/ks dks dqpy MkyrhaA çksQslj lkgc dh le> esa vkus yxk fd ;g Å¡pk f'k[kj fdys

ds fy, cgqr mi;qDr txg gS vkSj ;g Hkh os tku x, fd ;gk¡ cuk gqvk fdyk mtM+ dj fdruh tYnh

fujo'ks"k gks tk,xkA

>kfM+;k¡ Hkh NksVh gksrh pyhaA ?kkl dh ctk; vc iFkjhyh tehu vkbZ] ftlesa fdlh rjQ dksbZ

cuh gqbZ ixMaMh ugha Fkh] ft/kj pys tkvks ogh ekxZA dgha dgha yky iRFkj ds Hkh dqN VqdM+s nh[k tkrs

Fks] tks 'kk;n fd+ys dh bekjr esa dgha yxs gkasxs] ugh arks m/kj yky iRFkj ugha gksrkA dgha dgha iRFkj

vkSj feêh ds Lrwikdkj Vhys dh vkM+ esa dksbZ xk<+s jax dh iÙkksa okyh >kM+h yxh gqbZ nh[k tkrh] rks og

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vklikl ds mtkM+ lwusiu dks vkSj Hkh xgjk dj nsrhA lk¡> ds /kq¡/kyds esa ,slh >kM+h dks ns[kdj Lrwi esa

/kwezor~ fudyrs gq, çsr dh dYiuk gksuk dksbZ vlEHko ckr ugha FkhA

,d ,sls gh Lrwi dh vkM+ esa çksQslj lkgc us ns[kk] ,d xïs esa dhp Hkjh gS ftldh ueh ls

iksls tkrs gq, nks o`{k [kM+s gSa vkSj muds uhps iRFkj dk ,d NksVk lk efUnj gS] ftldk }kj cUn iM+k gSA

çksQslj lkgc us dq.Ms esa vVdh gqbZ dhy fudkyh rks }kj [kqyus dh ctk; vkxs fxj iM+k&

mlds dCts m[kM+ x, FksA mUgksaus fdokM+ dks mBkdj ,d vksj /kj fn;k] FkksM+h nsj ihNs gVdj [kM+s jgs

fd cUn vkSj lhy ds dkj.k cncwnkj gok ckgj fudy tk,] fQj Hkhrj >k¡dus yxsA

efUnj dh cqjh gkyr FkhA Hkhrj u tkus dc cfy i'kqvksa ds lhax cdjs ds vkSj fgju ds iM+s

gq, Fks] tks lw[kdj /kwy jax ds gks x, Fks mu ij dhM+s Hkh py jgs FksA Q'kZ ds iRFkjksa ds tksM+ksa esa dkbZ

mx vkbZ FkhA mu lhaxksa ds <sj ls ijs nsoh ds dkys iRFkj dh ewfrZ ,d vksj yq<+d xbZ FkhA ikl esa iM+h

x.ks'k dh ihry dh ewfrZ tax ls foÑr gks jgh FkhA dsoy nwljh vksj [kM+k 'osr iRFkj dk f'kofyax vc

Hkh lkQ+] fpduk vkSj l/ks gq, flikgh dh rjg 'kkUr [kM+k FkkA vkl ikl dh ttZj voLFkk esa mlds

ml niksZUur Hkko ls ,slk tku iM+rk Fkk] ekuksa Øq) gksdj dg jgk gks] **esjh bl fuHk`r vUr%'kkyk esa

vkdj esjs dqVqEc dh 'kkafr Hkax djus okys rqe dkSu \^^

nks ,d feuV çksQslj lkgc nsgjh ij [kM+s [kM+s gh bl n`'; dks ns[krs jgsA fQj mUgksaus ck¡g

ij Vaxk gqvk viuk vksojdksV uhps j[kkA ,d ckj pkjksa vksj ns[kdj futZu ikdj Hkh twrs [kksy nsuk gh

mfpr le>k vkSj Hkhrj tkdj nsoh dh ewfrZ mBkdj ns[kus yxsA

ewfrZ vR;Ur lqUnj FkhA ik¡p lkS o"kZ ls de iqjkuh ugha FkhA bl yEch vof/k dk ml ij t+jk

Hkh çHkko ugha iM+k Fkk ;k iM+k Fkk rks iRFkj dks vkSj fpduk djds ewfrZ dks lqUnj gh cuk x;k FkkA ewfrZ

dgha fcdrh rks rhu pkj g+tkj ls de dh u gksrh fdlh vPNs ikj[kh ds ikl gks rks nl gtkj Hkh dqN

vf/kd ewY; u gksrk vkSj ;g ;gk¡ misf{kr gkyr esa iM+h gSA u tkus dc ls dksbZ bl efUnj rd vk;k Hkh

ugha gSA

çksQslj lkgc us ewfrZ Bhd LFkku ij lh/kh djds j[k nh vkSj fQj nsgjh ij vkdj mldk

lkSUn;Z ns[kus yxsA

ik¡p lkS o"kZ! ik¡p lkS o"kZ ls ;g ;gha iM+h gksxh \ u tkus fdruh iwtk bl us ikbZ gksxh] fdruh

cfy;ksa ds rkts+] xeZ] iwr jDr ls Luku djds viuk nSoh lkSUn;Z fu[kkjk gksxk] vkSj vc fdrus cjlksa ls

bu jsaxrs gq, dhM+ksa dh yEch yEch ftKklq ew¡Nksa dh Xykfutud xqn~xqnkgV lg jgh gksxh ------- mQ+]

nsoRo dh fdruh mis{kk! ekuo u'oj gS] ;g ej tk, vkSj mldh vfLFk;ksa ij dhM+s jsaxsa] ;g le> esa

vkrk gS ysfdu nsork--------- iRFkj tM+ gS( mldk egÙo dqN ugha! ysfdu ewfrZ rks nsork dh gh gS] nsoRo

dh fpjUrurk dh fu'kkuh rks gSA ,d Hkkouk gS] ij Hkkouk vknj.kh; gSA D;k ;g ewfrZ ;gha iM+s jgus ds

dkfcy gS \ bu dhM+ksa ds fy, ftuds ikl J)k dks fny ugha] iwtus dks gkFk ugha] ns[kus dks vk¡[ksa ugha]

Nwus dks Ropk ugha] VVksyus dks ;s fgyrh gqbZ xUnh ew¡Ns gSa ---------- ;g ewfrZ dgha fBdkus ls gksrhA

u tkus D;ksa çksQslj lkgc us ,dk,d efUnj }kj ls gVdj pkjksa vksj ?kwe dj ns[kk] fQj

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ns[kkA u tkus D;ksa vkl ikl futZu ikdj rlYyh dh Lokal yh vkSj fQj ogk¡ vk [kMs+ gq,A

ewfrZ x.ks'k dh Hkh cqjh ugha] ysfdu og mruh ugha] u bruh lqUnj 'kSyh ij fufeZr gSA ihry dh

ewfrZ esa dHkh og ckr vk ugha ldrh tks iRFkj esa gksrh gSA nsoh dh ewfrZ dks ns[krs ns[krs çksQslj lkgc ds

ân; dh LiUnu xfr rhoz gksus yxh& bruh lqUnj tks Fkh ogA os fQj vkxs c<+dj mls mBkus dks gq,]

ysfdu fQj mUgksaus ckgj >k¡ddj ns[kk] ij ogk¡ dksbZ ugha Fkk] dksbZ vkrk gh ugha ml fcpkjs mtM+s gq,

efUnj ds ikl fdls ijokg Fkh futZu dks viuh nhfIr ls txex djrh gqbZ ml nsoh dhA nsoh ds çfr

n;k vkSj lgkuqHkwfr ls xn~xn gksdj çksQslj lkgc fQj Hkhrj vk,A yiddj ewfrZ dks mBk;k vkSj vius

/kM+drs gq, ân; dks 'kkUr djus dh dksf'k'k djrs gq, ,dVd mls ns[kus yxsA

fny bruk /kM+d D;ksa jgk gS! çksQslj lkgc dks ,slk yxk tSls os Mj jgs gSaA fQj mUgsa bl

fopkj ij g¡lh lh vk xbZA Mj fdlls jgk gw¡ eSa \ çsrksa ls \ eSa Hkh D;k ;gk¡ ds yksxksa dh rjg

va/kfo'oklh gw¡ tks çsrksa dks ekuw¡xk \ dfork ds fygkt ls Hkys gh eq>s lkspuk vPNk yxs fd ;gk¡ çsr

clrs gSa] vkSj jkr esa tc v¡/ksjk gks tkrk gS rc bl efUnj esa nsoh ds vkl ikl ukprs gq, ----- nsoh gS] f'ko

gS] blds x.k Hkh rks gksus gh pkfg,A jkr dks ewfrZ;ksa dks ?ksj ?ksj dj ukprs gksaxs vkSj bu u tkus dc ds

cfy i'kqvksa ds HkLehHkwr lhaxksa ls çsrksfpr çlkn ikrs gksaxs! vkSj fnu esa efUnj dh dUnjkvksa esa] njkjksa esa

fNidj viuh mikL; ewfrZ;ksa dh j{kk djrs gksaxs] ns[krs gksaxs fd dkSu vkrk gS] D;k djrk gS------

mUgksasus fQj ewfrZ dks j[k fn;k vkSj ykSVdj ns[kkA mUgsa ,dk,d yxk tSls ml v[k.M uhjork

esa dksbZ Nk;k lh vkdj muds ihNs Hkkxdj dgha fNi xbZ gS& çsr! os fQj #drh&lh g¡lh&g¡ldj

ckgj fudy vk,A bl ?kksj futZu us esjs 'kgj ds 'kksj ls my>s Luk;qvksa dks vkSj my>k fn;k gSA blh

urhts ij os igq¡ps vkSj fQj efUnj dh vksj ns[kus yxsA

fnu <y jgk FkkA efUnj dh yEch iM+rh gqbZ Nk;k dks ns[kdj çksQslj lkgc dks ,slk yxk]

ekuks og nwj gVrh gVrh Hkh efUnj ls vyx gksuk ugha pkgrh] mlls fpiVh gqbZ gS] ekuks mldh j{kk

djuk pkgrh gks] ekuks ;g efUnj vkSj mldh ewfrZ;k¡ ml Nk;k dh xksn ds f'k'kq gksa] çksQslj lkgc dk

eu HkVdus yxkA

bftIV ds fijkfeM Hkh brus gh misf{kr iM+s FksA ;g efUnj vkdkj esa cgqr NksVk gS] os fojkV Fks]

ysfdu mis{kk rks ;gh FkhA muesa Hkh u tkus D;k D;k ckrsa QSyk j[kh Fkha] Hkwr izsrksa dhA var esa ;wjksi ds

iqjkrÙofon~ lkgl djds ogk¡ x,] mUgksaus muesa ços'k fd;k] vkSj vc lalkj ds cM+s laxzgky;ksa esas os

[kt+kus iM+s gSa vkSj egÙo ds vuq:i lEeku ikrs gSaA fQyksMsfYQ;k ds vtk;c&?kj esa rwrka [kkesu dh og

Lo.kZewfrZ & ml ukS lsj [kjs lksus dk ewY; rhl gt+kj #i;s gksxk & fQj çkphurk dk ewY; vyx] vkSj

mlesa tM+s gq, ghjs tokgjkr dk vyx dqy feykdj yk[kksa #i;s dh pht+ og----

os fQj Hkhrj x,A ewfrZ mBkbZ vkSj j[kdj ckgj vk x,A mUgksaus fQj lc vksj ns[kkA dksbZ ugha

FkkA lw;Z Hkh ,d NksVs ls ckny ds ihNs fNi x;k FkkA

,dk,d mudh ?kcjkgV dk dkj.k Li"V gks x;kA dqN BaMh lh tkudj mUgksaus tYnh ls

vksojdksV iguk vkSj fQj Hkhrj pys x,A

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(117)

ewfrZ ds mi;qDr ;g LFkku dnkfi ugha gSA efUnj gS] ij tgk¡ iwtk gh ugha gksrh og dSlk

efUnj \ vkSj xk¡o okys ijokg dc djrs gSaA ;gk¡ efUnj Hkh fxj tk, rks 'kk;n eghuksa mUgsa irk gh u

yxs& dHkh fdlh HkVdh gqbZ HksM+ cdjh dh [kkst esa vk;k gqvk xM+fj;k vkdj ns[ks rks ns[ksA ;gk¡ ewfrZ dks

iM+k jgus nsuk iki gSA

bl fu'p; ij vkdj Hkh mUgksaus ,d ckj ckgj vkdj rlYyh dh fd dgha dksbZ ns[k rks ugha

jgk gS] rc ykSVdj ewfrZ mBkdj tYnh ls dksV ds Hkhrj fNikbZ] fdokM+ dks ;FkkLFkku [kM+k fd;k] cwV

,d gkFk esa mBk, vkSj fcuk ykSV dj ns[ks Hkkxrs gq, mrjus yxsA

tc nsoh dk LFkku vkSj mlds Åij [kM+s nksuksa isM+ksa dh Qquxh rd vk¡[kksa dh vksV gks xbZ] rc

mUgksaus #ddj cwV igus vkSj fQj /khjs&/khjs mrjrs gq, ,slk ekxZ [kkstus yxs ftlls xk¡o esa ls gksdj u

tkuk iM+sA f'k[kj ds nwljs eq[k ls gh os mrj ldsA

xk¡o ehy Hkj ihNs NwV x;k FkkA lsoksa ds cxhps fQj 'kq: gks x, FksA dHkh dksbZ e/kq ihdj

v?kk;k gqvk eksVk lk dkyk HkkSajk çksQslj lkgc ds dksV ls Vdjk tkrk Fkk] dHkh dksbZ frryh vkdj

jkLrk dkV tkrh FkhA lw;Z dh /kwi yky gks xbZ Fkh& ;s lc viuk viuk fBdkuk [kkst jgs FksA çksQslj

lkgc Hkh vius fBdkus dh vksj tk jgs FksA mudk ân; vkg~ykn ls Hkj jgk FkkA mudk igyk gh fnu

fdruk lQy gqvk Fkk! fdruk lkSUn;Z mUgksaus ns[kk Fkk& vkSj fdruk lkSUn;Z] cgqewY; lkSUn;Z] mUgksaus

ik;k Fkk! dqYyw dk vfuoZpuh; lkSUn;Z! okLro esa og nsorkvksa dk vapy gS -----

ml le; çksQslj lkgc ds Hkhrj tks dqYyw çse dk gh ugha] ekuo çse dk] lalkj Hkj dh

'kqHksPNk dk jl meM+ jgk Fkk] mldh cjkcjh dqYyw ds jl Hkjs lso Hkh D;k djrs! çksQslj lkgc dh Lusg

maM+syrh gqbZ n`f"V ds uhps os ekuks vkSj iddj jl ls Hkj tkrs Fks] mudk jax dqN vkSj yky gks tkrk FkkA

fdrus jl xn~xn gks jgs Fkss çksQslj lkgc!

lso ds ckx esa fQj dgha /kekdk gqvkA çksQslj lkgc us ns[kk] ,d yM+dk mUgsa ns[kdj 'kk[k ls

dwnk gS] mlds dwnus ds /kDds ls Qyksa dh ynh gqbZ 'kk[kk Hkh VwVdj vk fxjh gSA

çksQslj lkgc us jkSc ds Loj ls dgk] ̂^D;k dj jgk gS \**

yM+ds us lge dj mudh rjQ+ ns[kk& ogh yM+dk Fkk! gkFk dk FkksM+k lk [kk;k gqvk lsc og

dksV ds xqywcUn ds Hkhrj fNik jgk FkkA

çksQslj lkgc ds ru esa vkx yx xbZA yiddj ckyd ds dksV dk xyk mUgksaus idM+k] >Vdk

nsdj lso ckgj fxjk;k] nks rekps mlds eq¡g ij yxkrs gq, dgk] ̂ ^cnek'k] fQj pksjh djrk gS! vHkh eSa

Mk¡V ds x;k Fkk] cs'keZ dks 'keZ Hkh ugha vkbZA**

mUgksaus yM+ds dks Nkrh esa /kDdk fn;kA og yM+[kM+k dj dqN nwj tk iM+kA fxjus dks gqvk]

laHky x;k] fQj ,d gkFk ls dksV dks ogha ls Fkkedj tgk¡ çksQslj us /kDdk fn;k Fkk] ,d nnZ&Hkjh ph[k

ekjdj jks mBkA

ph[k lqudj çksQslj lkgc dks dqN 'kkfUr gqbZA dqN vkuUn&lk gqvkA fonzwi ls mUgksaus dgk]

^^D;ksa] nq[krh gS Nkrh \ vkSj fNikvksa lso ogk¡ ij!**

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ckr esa Hkjs gq, frjLdkj dks vkSj rh[kk cuus ds fy, muds gkFk us mudk vuqdj.k fd;k]

mBdj rsth+ ls çksQslj lkgc ds vksojdksV ds dkWyj esa ?kqlkA

,dk,d çksQslj lkgc ij ekuks xkt fxjhA ,d pkSaf/k;k nsus okyk vkyksd {k.k Hkj muds vkxs

tydj ,d okD; fy[k x;k] ̂blus rks lso pqjk;k gS] rqe nsoLFkku ywV yk,!*

lgesa gq,] LrfEHkr ls çksQslj lkgc {k.k&Hkj [kM+s jgs] fQj /khjs /khjs myVs&ik¡o xk¡o dh vksj

py iM+sA

rdZ mUgsa lq>kus yxk fd csodwQh gS] mudh nyhy fcydqy xyr gS] rqyuk vk/kkjghu gS]^

ysfdu os u tkus dSls bl lc cqf) dh çsj.kk ds çfr cgjs gks x, FksA tSls dksykgy c<+us yxk] mls jksd

j[kus ds fy, mudh xfr Hkh rhozrj gksrh xbZA tc os vk¡/kh dh rjg xk¡o esa ls xqtjs+] rc ?kj tkrk gqvk

çR;sd O;fDr dqN foLe; ls mudh vksj ns[krk vkSj mUgsa yxrk fd os mudh Nkrh dh vksj gh ns[k jgs

gSa] tSls ml dkys vksojdksV esaa fNih gqbZ nsoewfrZ dh vksj mlds ihNs çksQslj lkgc ds fny esa cls gq,

iki dks] os [kwc vPNh rjg tkurs gSaA

v¡/ksjk gksrs gksrs os efUnj ij igq¡psA fdokM+ ,d vksj iVddj mUgksaus ewfrZ dks ;FkkLFkku j[kkA

ykSVdj pyus yxs] rks vkl&ikl ds o`{k v¡/ksjs esa Hk;kud gks x;s FksA lqulku us mUgsa fQj lq>k;k fd os

,d fuf/k dks u"V dj jgs gSa] ysfdu tkus D;ksa muds eu esa 'kkfUr meM+ vkbZA mUgsa yxk fd nqfu;k cgqr

Bhd gS] cgqr vPNh gSA

lqjE; & je.kh;@ miR;dkvksa & ?kkfV;ksa@ fujo”ks'k & u'V izk;%@ laHkzze & vk”p;Z

fefJr & dkSrqgy Hkko lfgr @ Lrwikdkj & feêh] b±V vkfn ls cuk <wg ds leku@ fpjUrurk &

”kk”orrk@ LiUnu xfr & /kM+du@ Qkg~;ku & ,d phuh ;k=h@ v{kq..k & tks u’V u gks@

fuHk`r & ,dkUr futZu@ vfuoZpuh; & vo.kZuh;@ iwr jDr & ifo= jDr@ izikr & >juk@

vdLekr & vpkud@ {k.k&Hkaxqj & ”kh?kz u’V gksus okyk@ nh?kZdk; & fo”kky o`{k@ <ksj & i”kq@

foiqy jkf”k & vR;f/kd la[;k ¼<sj½@ fdafpr Xykfu & dqN ?k`.kk ls@ ttZj & u’V izk;%@ dqVqEc

& ifjokj@ nsoRo & bZ”ojRo@ futZu & ,dkUr@ nhfIr & izdk”k@ dUnjkvksa & xqQkvksa@ mikL; &

mikluk djus ;ksX;@ uhjork & “kkfUr@ vuq:i & :i ds vuqlkj@ v?kk;k & rÌr@ vkg~ykn

& izlUurk@ “kk[kk & Mky@ vkyksd & izdk”k@ LrfEHkr & tM+or~@ fuf/k & [ktkukA

1- ys[kd ds vuqlkj dkSu yksXk vfou;h gks ldrs gaS \

¼d½ {kqnz O;fDr ¼[k½ nq’V O;fDr

¼x½ f”kf{kr O;fDr ¼?k½ vf”kf{kr O;fDrA ¼ ½

2- izksQslj xtkuu fdl fo'k; ds izksQlj gSa \

¼d½ bfrgkl ¼[k½ izkphu bfrgkl vkSj iqjkrRo

¼x½ Hkwxksy ¼?k½ izkphure lH;rkA ¼ ½

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'kCnkFkZ&

oLrqfu"B iz'u &

(119)

3- vKs; us fdrus rkj lIrdksa dk lEiknu fd;k \

¼d½ ,d ¼[k½ nks

¼x½ pkj ¼?k½ rhu ¼ ½

4- ys[kd fdl dh mis{kk ij nq%[k O;Dr djrk gS \

¼d½ ekuoRo ¼[k½nsoRo

¼x½ nkuoRo ¼?k½ jk{klRo ¼ ½

1- izksQlj xtkuu dgk¡ ?kweus tkrs gSa vkSj D;ksa \

2- eafnj esa misf{kr nsoh dh ewfrZ ns[kdj os D;k lksprs gSa \

3- vKs; igkM+h ckyd dks pk¡Vs D;ksa yxkrs gSa \

4- vKs; dk iwjk uke crkrs gq, muds izfl) miU;klksa dk uke crkb,A

1- izksQlj xtkuu nsoh dh ewfrZ mBkdj vksoj dksV eas j[kdj pyrs le; D;k lksprs gSa \

2- lsc rksMus okys yM+ds dks ihVus ds ckn muds eu eas D;k fopkj vkrs gSa\ vius “kCnksa eas

fyf[k,A

3- jktiwrh ckyk dks ns[kdj vKs; ds eu esa igkM+h xzkeokfl;ksa ds fo'k; eas D;k fopkj

mRiUu gq, \

4- yksHk&ykyp dqN le; ds fy, eu dks fopfyr dj ldrs gSa] ijUrq vUr eas uSfrd

Hkko gh fot;h gksrs gSaA ladfyr dgkuh ds lanHkZ eas Li’V dhft,A

1- vKs; dh dgkuh dyk dh fo”ks'krkvksa ij izdk”k Mkfy,A

2- ^lso vkSj nso* dgkuh dh ewy laosnuk vius “kCnksa eas fyf[k,A

3- izksQslj xtkuu dh pkfjf=d fo”ks’krkvksa dks js[kkafdr dhft,A

4- ^^blus rks lsc gh pqjk;k gS] rqe nsoLFkku ywV vk;sA** bl dFku eas ys[kd dh eu%fLFkfr ij

vius fopkj izdV dhft,A

5- ikB esa vk, fuEufyf[kr x|ka'kksa dh liazlx O;k[;k dhft, &

¼d½ ̂^,slk tku iM+rk Fkk---------------------------------- ekywe gks jgk gSaA**

¼[k½^ôs mu FkksMs+ ls yksxksa-----------------------------------va/kh ugha gSaA**

¼x½^^jkLrk vc fQj f?kj-------------------------------------------->we ls tkrs gq,A**

¼?k½^^rdZ mUgsa lq>kus yxk--------------------------------------rhozrj gksrh x;hA**

¼³½^^nsoRo dh fdruh mis{kk!---------------------------------------- dgha fBdkus ls gksrhA**

ÛÛÛ


y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u &

fuca/kkRed iz'u&

(120)

20- HkfDr vkanksyu vkSj rqylhnkl

Û jke foykl 'kekZ

ys[kd ifjp; &

ikB ifjp; &

ewy ikB &

vaxzzsth ds izksQslj gksdj Hkh fganh ds izdkaM fon~oku MkWå jkefoykl 'kekZ dk tUe mÙkj izns'k

ds mUuko ftys esa fLFkr mpxk¡o lkuh esa 10 vDVwcj 1912 dks gqvkA vkidk fu/ku 30 ebZ 2000 dks

gqvkA

_Xosn vkSj ekDlZ ds v/;srk MkWå jkefoykl 'kekZ vkykspd] bfrgklosÙkk vkSj Hkk’kkfon~ gksus ds

lkFk&lkFk ,d vPNs dfo Hkh FksA bUgksaus 100 ls vf/kd iqLrdsa fy[kha] ftuesa *fganh tkfr dk lkfgR;^]

*Hkkjrh; laLÑfr vkSj fganh izns'k^] *fujkyk dh lkfgR; lk/kuk^] *if'peh ,f'k;k vkSj _Xosn^] *Hkkjr esa

vaxzsthjkt vkSj ekDlZokn^] *ijaijk dk ewY;kadu^] *Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dh Hkwfedk^] *vkLFkk vkSj lkSan;Z^]

*Hkk’kk] lkfgR; vkSj laLÑfr^ vkfn izeq[k gSaA vKs; n~okjk laikfnr *rkj lIrd ¼1943 bZå½^ esa ,d dfo

ds :i esa vkidh jpuk,¡ cgqr pfpZr gqb±A

HkfDr vkanksyu Hkkjrh; lkaLÑfrd bfrgkl dh ,d vuks[kh ?kVuk gS] tks oSf'od bfrgkl esa

nqyZHk gSA ;g HkfDr vkanksyu gh Fkk] ftlus Hkkjrh;ksa dks HkkokRed ,oa jk’Vªh; ,drk ds lw= esa ck¡/kkA

jkefoykl 'kekZ dh n`f’V esa rqylhnkl Hkkjr ds Js'B HkDr dfo gSa D;ksafd rqylh us HkfDr ds

vk/kkj ij tu lk/kkj.k ds fy, /keZ dks ljy vkSj lqyHk cukdj iqjksfgrksa ds /kkfeZd vf/kdkj dh tM+sa

fgyk nhaA rqylh ekuoh; d#.kk ds dfo gSa ftUgksaus dksy] fdjkr] vkHkhj] tou] [kl] “oip vkfn lHkh

vUR;tksa vkSj vNwrksa dks HkfDr dk mÙkjkf/kdkjh ekukA rqylh dk lkfgR; fuf’Ø;rk dk lkfgR; ugha gS]

vkSj ;g thou dh vLohÑfr dk lkfgR; Hkh ugha gSA

Hkkjr ds u, tkxj.k dk dksbZ egku~ dfo HkfDr vkanksyu vkSj rqylhnkl ls ijk³~eq[k gksdj

ugha jg ldrkA

MkWå jkefoykl 'kekZ tSls izxfroknh lekykspdksa n~okjk xksLokeh rqylhnkl dh iz'kalk vkSj

Lohdk;Zrk rqylh ds yksduk;d] dkyt;h vkSj 'kk'or dfo gksus dk izR;{k izek.k gSA

rqylhnkl Hkkjr ds Js’B HkDr dfo] HkfDr vkanksyu ds fuekZrk] mlh HkfDr vkanksyu dh egku~

miyfC/k gSaA muds lkfgR; dk lkekftd egÙo HkfDr vkanksyu ds lkekftd egÙo ij fuHkZj gS] mlls

iwjh rjg lacn~/k gSA

HkfDr vkanksyu vf[ky Hkkjrh; gSA ns'k vkSj dky dh n`f’V ls ,slk O;kid lkaLÑfrd

vkanksyu lalkj esa nwljk ugha gSA bZlk dh nwljh 'krkCnh esa gh vka/kzizns'k esa Ñ’.kksikluk ds fpg~u ik,

tkrs gSaA xqIr lezkVksa ds ;qx esa fo’.kqukjk;.k oklqnso dh mikluk us vf[ky Hkkjrh; :i ys fy;kA

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ik¡poha 'krkCnh ls ysdj uoha 'krkCnh rd rfeyukMq HkfDr vkanksyu dk izeq[k lzksr jgkA vkyokj larksa

dh dhfrZ lkjs Hkkjr esa QSy xbZA d'ehj esa yy nso] rfeyukMq esa vkanky] caxky esa paMhnkl] xqtjkr esa

ujlh esgrk & Hkkjr ds fofHkUu izns'kksa esa HkDr dfo yxHkx Ms<+ gtkj o’kZ rd turk ds ân; dks viuh

ve`rok.kh ls lhaprs jgsA

;g HkfDr&vkanksyu czãns'k] vQxkfuLrku vkSj bZjku dh lhekvksa ij tkdj #d tkrk gS(

flU/k] d'ehj] iatkc] caxky] egkjk’Vª] vka/kz] rfeyukMq vkfn izns'kksa ij HkfDr vkanksyu dh /kkjk iwjs osx

ls cgrh gSA HkDr dfo;ksa us fofHkUu izns'kksa dks jk’Vªh; ,drk ds lw= esa ck¡/kus esa fdruk cM+k dke fd;k]

mldk ewY; vk¡duk lgt ugha gSA muds ikl jktuhfr'kkL= ds dksbZ ,sls ifjfpr lw= ugha Fks] ftUgsa os

vk;s fnu nksgjkrs gq, turk dks ,drkc) djrsA mUgksaus HkkokRed :i ls turk dks ,d fd;kA bl

HkkokRed ,drk esa eq[; Hkko Fkk HkfDr dkA

ml le; nSfud lekpkj i= ugha Fks] lkIrkfgd vkSj ekfld i= ugha FksA izpkj dh lqfo/kkvksa

ds fy, jsfM;ks ugha FkkA vkt ;s lc lk/ku lqyHk gSaA fdarq D;k vkt Hkkjrh; turk esa & fo'ks’k :i ls

turk ds usrkvksa esa] mudh ikfVZ;ksa esa & og HkkokRed ,drk gS] tks rqylh ds ;qx esa Fkh \;g iz'u djus

ls gh HkfDr vkanksyu ds jk’Vªh; egÙo dk Kku gks tk,xkA

lEHkor% rqylhnkl ds ;qx esa fofHkUu izns'kksa ds lkfgR;dkj ,d nwljs dh fopkj/kkjkvksa ls

ftruk ifjfpr Fks] mruk vkt ugha gSaA b/kj fofHkUu Hkk’kkvksa ds lkfgfR;d vkanksyuksa dks ysdj vusd

'kks/k xzaFk izdkf'kr gq, gSaA buls ;g Li'V gksrk tk jgk gS fd fganh rFkk vU; Hkk’kkvksa ds HkfDr lkfgR;

esa tks lekurk,¡ fn[kk;h nsrh gSa] os vkdfLed ugha gSaaaA os brj izns'kksa ds lkfgR; ls ifjfpr gksus dk Qy

gSA

HkfDr vkanksyu ls tks HkkokRed ,drk LFkkfir gqbZ] mlesa ftruk QSyko Fkk] mruh xgjkbZ Hkh

FkhA ;g ,drk lekt ds FkksM+s ls f'kf{krtuksa rd lhfer ugha FkhA laLÑr ds }kjk tks jk’Vªh; ,drk

dk;e gqbZ Fkh] mlls ;g fHkUu FkhA ;g ,drk izknsf'kd Hkk’kkvksa ds ekk/;e ls dk;e gks jgh FkhA HkfDr

vkanksyu ,d vksj vf[ky Hkkjrh; vkanksyu Fkk] nwljh vksj og izns'kxr] tkrh; vkanksyu Hkh FkkA ns'k

vkSj izns'k ,d lkFk( jk’Vª vkSj tkfr nksuksa dh lkaLÑfrd /kkjk,¡ ,d lkFkA HkfDr vkanksyu dh O;kidrk

vkSj lkeF;Z dk ;gh jgL; gSA

tks yksx le>rs gSa fd vaxzstksa ds vkus ls igys ;gk¡ jk’Vªh; ,drk dk vHkko Fkk] mUgsa

HkfDr&vkanksyu ds bl vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lo:i ij fopkj djuk pkfg,A

Hkfy Hkkjr Hkwfe] Hkys dqy tUe] lekt ljhj Hkyks yfg dSA

tks HktS Hkxoku l;ku lksbZ rqylh gB pkrd T;ksa xfg dSAA

;g mfDr rqylhnkl dh gSA

vusd fon~oku ekurs gSa fd jk'Vªh; ,drk dk gh ugha] tura= dk ikB Hkh vaxzstksa us gh gesa

i<+k;kA vaxzst u vkrs] rks ;gk¡ ds yksx ladh.kZ tkfrokn esa Q¡ls jgrsA bu fon~okuksa dks fopkj djuk

pkfg, fd HkfDr&vkanksyu esa brus tqykgs] nthZ] ukbZ vkfn brj o.kks± ds yksx dSls fleV vk, \ vkt

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dy fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa vkSj lkfgR; esa fdrus v/;kid vkSj ys[kd gSa tks f}tsrj o.kks± ds gSaA

laHkor% tkfrizFkk ftruh n`<+ vkt gS] mruh ukenso nthZ] lsuk ukbZ] pks[kk egkj] jSnkl vkSj

dchj tqykgs ds le; esa u FkhA vkSj tkfrokn ladh.kZrk ftruh f'kf{krtuksa esa gS] lEHkor% mruh lwj

vkSj dchj ds in xkus okys vi<+ tuksa esa ugha gSA o.kkZJe /keZ vkSj tkfrizFkk dh ftruh rhoz vkykspuk

HkfDr&lkfgR; esa gS] mruh vk/kqfud lkfgR; esa ugha gSA

;gk¡ ij vkifÙk dh tk ldrh gS fd eSa HkfDr vkanksyu dks cgqr O;kid vFkZ ns jgk gw¡A HkDr

vkSj lar vyx Fks( bu nksuksa ls fHkUu izseekxhZ dfo FksA bu lcdks ,d vkanksyu esa “kkfey djuk vuqfpr

gSA

bldk mÙkj ;g gS fd Lo;a HkDr vkSj lar dfo HkDrksa vkSj larksa esa oSlk Hksn u djrs Fks tSlk

vkykspd djrs gSaA *lar lHkk pgq¡ fnfl v¡cjkbZA J)k fjrq clUr le vkbZA^ lUrlHkk vuqie vo/k]

ldy lqeaxy ewyA^ *cUnm lUr leku fpr] fgr vufgr ufga dksbA^ rqylhnkl dh bu mfDr;ksa ls

ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd lUr vkSj HkDr 'kCn muds fy, i;kZ;okph gSA m/kj dchj dh mfDr gS %

lgtS lgtS esyk gks;xk] tkxh HkfDr mraxkA

dgS dchj lquks gks xksj[k pykS xhr ds laxkAA

dchj Hkh lUr vkSj HkDr esa Hksn ugha djrsA

efyd eqgEen tk;lh osn iqjk.k vkSj dqjku lHkh dk vknj djrs FksA

*osn iUFk ts ufga pyfga] rs Hkwyfga cu ek¡>A^ ;g mfDr tk;lh dh gSA iqjk.kksa ds ckjs esa fy[kk

Fkk] *,fg fcf/k phUggq djgq fx;kuwA tl iqjku eg¡ fy[kk c;kuwA^ izse Kku&oSjkX; fuxqZ.k lxq.k vkfn ds

HksnHkko ml le; vo'; Fks] fdUrq os lc ,d O;kid vkanksyu ds vUrxZr FksA ;s Hksn mrus egÙoiw.kZ u

Fks] ftrus dqN vkykspdksa dks vkt os yxrs gSaA

fujkyk th us vius vusd fuca/kksa esa izfrikfnr fd;k gS fd xksLokeh rqylhnkl ewyr%

jgL;oknh FksA mudh bl LFkkiuk ds ihNs ;g cks/k Fkk fd dchj] tk;lh] lwj vkSj rqylh dh psruk dk

,d lkekU; Lrj gSA ;g *jgL;okn^ dk lkekftd egÙo vlk/kkj.k gSA ;g jgL;okn v}Sr czã ds

lk{kkRdkj dk nkok djds vusd /keks± vkSj erksa ds ijLij fo}s'k dk [k.Mu djrk FkkA og mPp o.kks± ds

deZdk.Mh /keZ ds LFkku ij yksd/keZ dh LFkkiuk djrk FkkA bl yksd/keZ dk vk/kkj Fkk izseA dchj]

rqylh] tk;lh vkfn dfo jgL;okfn;ksa ds leku Kku us= [kqyus] vkuUn ls fog~oy gksus dh ckrsa djrs

gSa vkSj bl vkuUn dks os ekuo izse ls tksM+ nsrs FksA

tk;lh us fy[kk Fkk %

lS;n vljQ ihj fi;kjkA tsfg eksfga iUFk nhUg mft;kjkA

yslk fg;s izse dj fn;kA mBh tksfr Hkk fujey fg;kAA

tk;lh ds Kku us= [kqys( mUgsa tks izdk'k fn[kk;h fn;k] og izse dk izdk'k FkkA rqylh us fy[kk

vl ekul ekul p[k pkghA Hkb focqf) foey voxkghA

Hk;m ân; vkuUn mNkgwA mexsm izse izeksn izckgwAA

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;gk¡ Hkh Kku us= [kqyus dh ckr gSA tks izdk'k fn[kk;h nsrk gS] mlesa izse izokg gh mexrk gSA

;gh izse dh HkkokRed ,drk dchj] lwj] tk;lh vkSj rqylh dks ,d lkekU; HkkoHkwfe ij yk [kM+k djrh

gSA rqylh ds mikL; nso dks deZdk.M ugha] izse gh fiz; gS %

jkefga dsoy izse fi;kjkA tkfu ysm tks tkufugkjkAA

;gh izse rÙo ekuo lekt dks ,d lw= esa ck¡/kus okyk gSA

vk/kqfud dky esa tM+ vkSj psru] lxq.k vkSj fuxqZ.k] Kku vkSj HkfDr dk Hksn vkykspdksa ds fy,

cgqr egÙoiw.kZ gks x;k gSA rqylh ds ;qx esa Hkh bl rjg ds Hksn Fks] fdarq rqylhnkl rFkk vU; dfo;ksa dk

iz;Ru bu Hksnksa dks nwj djus dh vksj Fkk] mUgsa n`<+ djus ds fy, ughaA

tk;lh us fy[kk Fkk %

ijxV xqiqr lks ljc fcvkihA /kjeh phUg] u phUgS ikihAA

xksLokehth us blhds ds led{k fy[kk Fkk %

vxqu lxqu nqb czã l:ikA vdFk vxk/k vukfn vuwikA

,d nk#xr nsf[k; ,dwA ikod le tqx czã foosdwAA

fuxqZ.k vkSj lxq.k ijLij fojks/kh ugha gSA ,d gh lÙkk] O;Dr vkSj vO;Dr] nksuksa gSA

dchj dh mfDr gS %

rga psr&vpsr [kEHk nksm eu jP;k gS fg.MksjA

rg¡ >wySa tho tgku tg¡ drgw¡ ufga fFkj BkSjAA

dchj tk;lh rqylh dh ,d lkekU; nk'kZfud Hkwfe gS] mlh ds vuq:i muds lkfgR; dh

lkekftd fo’k;oLrq esa cgqr cM+h lekurk gSA

HkfDr vkanksyu vf[ky Hkkjrh; lkaLÑfrd vkanksyu FkkA bl vkanksyu dh Js'B nsu Fks]

rqylhnklA mUgksaus fuxqZ.k iafFk;ksa vkSj lxq.k erkoyfEc;ksa dks ,d fd;k] mUgksaus oS'.koksa vkSj 'kkDrksa

dks feyk;kA mUgksaus HkfDr ds vk/kkj ij tulk/kkj.k ds fy, /keZ dks ljy vkSj lqyHk cukdj iqjksfgrksa

ds /kkfeZd vf/kdkj dh tM+sa fgyk nhaA rqylhnkl ekuoh; d#.kk ds vU;re dfo gSaA muds jke

nhucU/kq gSaA *lcjh xh/k lqlsodfu] lqxfr dhUg j?kqukFkA^ ouoklh dksyfdjkr jke ds n'kZu ls izlUu

gksrs gSaA *vkHkhj tou fdjkr [kl “oipkfn^ lHkh jke ds Lej.k ls eks{k&ykHk djrs gSaaA

xksLokeh rqylhnkl us jke dks mikL; ekudj vkLFkk dk Hkou fufeZr fd;k FkkA fdUrq d’V

lgrs lgrs ,d ckj rqylhnkl dh vkLFkk Hkh fMx x;h FkhA mUgksaus {kqC/k gksdj fy[kk Fkk %

fd;ks u dNw] dfjcks u dNw] dfgcks u dNw] efjcks gh jáks gSA

blls muds eekZUrd d’V dh dYiuk dh tk ldrh gSA

HkfDr lkfgR; fujk'kktU; lkfgR; ugha gS] ;|fi mlesa fujk'kk Hkh gSA ;g LFkkiuk fd

eqlyekuksa ds “kkludky esa ijk/khurk ds dkj.k yksx HkfDr vkSj fujk'kk ds xhr xkus yxs] voSKkfud

gSA HkfDr vkanksyu rqdZ vkØe.kksa ls igys dk gSA xqIr lezkVksa ds ;qx esa gh oS’.ko er dk izlkj gksrk gS]

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rfeyukMq HkfDr vkanksyu dk dsUæ jgk] tgk¡ eqlyekuksa dk 'kklu u FkkA Lo;a vusd eqfLye larksa us

bl vkanksyu esa ;ksx fn;kA

HkfDr vkanksyu fo'kq) ns'kt vkanksyu gSA og lkeUrh lekt dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls mRiUu gqvk

Fkk( og ewyr% bl lkeUrh lekt&O;oLFkk ls foæksg dk lkfgR; gSA

rqylh lkfgR; ,d vksj vkRefuosnu vkSj fou; dk lkfgR; gS] nwljh vksj og izfrjks/k dk

lkfgR; Hkh gSA gekjs lekt ij xksLokeh rqylhnkl dk bruk xgjk izHkko gS fd vkt ;g dYiuk djuk

dfBu gS fd rqylhnkl us vusd izpfyr ekU;rk,¡ vLohdkj djds ;g lkfgR; jpk FkkA os jke ds

lEeq[k gh fouez vkSj d#.k Loj esa cksyus okys dfo gSa] vkSjksa ds vkxs lj ges'kk Å¡pk j[krs FksA os

vkReR;kx djus okys dks loZJs'B O;fDr ekurs gSaA HkDr ds ikl viuk dqN ugha gksrk] blfy, & *jke

rs vf/kd jke dj nklkA^

lkeUrh lekt ds lkfgR; dh lcls cM+h detksjh gksrh gS & fuf’Ø;rkA rqylh dk lkfgR;

fuf’Ø;rk dk lkfgR; ugha gSA /kuq/kZj jke jko.k dk o/k djus okys iq#’kksÙke gSaA rqylh dk lkfgR;

thou dh vLohÑfr dk lkfgR; ugha gSA os mu yksxksa dk et+kd mM+krs gSa tks dke] Øks/k ds Hk; ds ekjs

jkr dks lks ugha ikrs & *tkxSa tksxh taxe trh tekrh /;ku /kjSa mj Hkkjh yksHk eksg dksg dke dsA^ dsoy

jke dk HkDr pSu ls lksrk gS & *lksoS lq[k rqylh Hkjksls ,d jke dsA^ dke] Øks/k] en yksHk] cqjs gSa] fdUrq

vko';d HkhA Hksn gS e;kZnk dkA ;w#i ds lUrksa dh rjg rqylh dks LoxZ dk eksg ugha gS] u mUgsa ujd

dk Hk; gSA muds jke viuh tUeHkwfe dks LoxZ ls Hkh vf/kd I;kj djrs gSaA

t|fi lc cSdq.B c[kkukA osn iqjku fofnr tx tkukA

vo/k lfjl fiz; eksfga u lksÅA ;g izlax tkuS dksm dksÅAA

rqylhnkl us tks jke esa tks tUeHkwfe dk izse] fu/kZu vkSj ifjR;Dr tuksa ds izfr izse fpf=r

fd;k gS] og vkdfLed ugha gSA Lo;a muds ân; esa tks izse izeksn izokg mexk Fkk] ogh jke esa lkdkj gks

x;k gSA mUgksaus dgk Hkh Fkk & *tkdh jgh Hkkouk tSlhA izHkq ewjfr ns[kh fru rSlhA^ rqylhnkl us Hkh

viuh Hkkouk ds vuqlkj jke dks izsee;] vikj d#.kke; ns[kk gSA ̂ jkepfjrekul* ds jke okYehfd]

dkfynkl] HkoHkwfr vU; lHkh dfo;ksa ds jkeksa ls fHkUu gSaaA os rqylh ds jke gSaA muesa gesa Lo;a rqylhnkl

dh ekuoh; Nfo fn[kk;h nsrh gSA bu d#.kke; jke esa dgha rqylh dk pqukSrh okyk Loj lquk;h nsrk gS

%

nso nuqt Hkwifr HkV ukukA lecy vf/kd gksbZ cyokukA

tkSa ju gefga izpkjS dksÅA yjfga lq[ksu dky fdu gksÅAA

dgha buesa rqylh dh ifjgklfiz;rk fn[kk;h nsrh gS %

*jke ek= y?kq uke gekjkA ijlq lfgr cM+ uke rksgkjkAA^

y{e.k esa ;gh ifjgklfiz;rk dqN vf/kd ek=k esa fpf=r dh xbZ gSA mlh izdkj muesa Øks/k dh

ek=k vf/kd gSA ̂fou;if=dk* ds rqylh dh Nki Hkjr ds pfj= ij gSA rqylh us tSls leLr lalkj dks

fl;kjkee; ns[kk Fkk] oSls gh ^jkepfjrekul* ds gj ik= esa rqylh ds ekul dk dqN u dqN va'k

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fon~;eku gSA

rqylh dk dkO; yksd laLÑfr dk vfHkUu vax cu x;k gSA muds uke ds lkFk dksbZ iUFk ugha

tqM+k gSA ̂ jkepfjrekul* dks yksdfiz; cukus ds fy, dksbZ la?kc) iz;kl ugha fd;k x;kA vius vki

fefFkyk ds xk¡oksa ls ysdj ekyos dh Hkwfe rd turk us bl xzaFk dks viuk;kA djksM+ksa fgUnh Hkkf’k;ksa ds

fy, /keZxzaFk] uhfrxzUFk] dkO;xzUFk ;fn dksbZ gS rks ̂ jkepfjrekul* gSA bldk ,d vizR;{k lkekftd

Qy ;g gqvk gS fd fganh Hkk’kh turk dks laxfBr djus esa] mlesa tkrh; ,drk dk Hkko mRiUu djus esa

^jkepfjrekul* dh viwoZ Hkwfedk jgh gSA vk'p;Z dh ckr gS fd ftu tuinksa esa xk¡oksa esa rqylh vkSj lwj

dh jpukvksa dk ikB 'krkfCn;ksa ls gksrk jgk gS] muds dqN vfHkuo usrk vkSj cqf)thoh vius dks fgUnh

Hkk’kh {ks= ls vyx ekurs gSaaA

HkfDr vkanksyu vkSj rqylh&dkO; dk jk’Vªh; egÙo ;g gS fd muls Hkkjrh; turk dh

HkkokRed ,drk n`<+ gqbZA

HkfDr vkanksyu vkSj rqylh dkO; dk vU;re lkekftd egÙo ;g gS fd buesa ns'k dh dksfV

dksfV turk dh O;Fkk] izfrjks/k Hkkouk vkSj lq[kh thou dh vkdka{kk O;Dr gqbZ gSA Hkkjr ds u, tkxj.k

dk dksbZ egku~ dfo HkfDr&vkanksyu vkSj rqylhnkl ls ijk³~eq[k ugha jg ldrkA og lkaLÑfrd /kkjk

johUæukFk vkSj fujkyk ds lkfgR; esa vfofPNUu :i ls izokfgr gSA bl rF; dh iqf’V ds fy, ;gk¡

johUæukFk dh *lwjnklsj izkFkZuk^ vkSj fujkyk dh *rqylhnkl^ dforkvksa dk mYys[k djuk gh ;Fks’V

gksxkA

ÛÛÛ

f}tsrj & xSj czkg~e.k@ v}Sr & ije czg~e vkSj tho ds dksbZ varj ugha ns[kus okyk fl)kar@

tou & ;ou@ ns'kt & LFkkuh;@ vfofPNUu & fujarjA

1- Lora=rk vkanksyu ls vyx Hkkjr dk lokZf/kd izfl) vkanksyu gS \

¼d½ eqfLye vkanksyu ¼[k½ f[kykQr vkanksyu

¼x½ HkfDr vkanksyu ¼?k½ vaxzsth vkanksyu ¼ ½

2- rqylh ds vkjk/; nso dkSu Fks \

¼d½ Jh jke ¼[k½ egknso

¼x½ JhÑ’.k ¼?k½ fo’.kq ¼ ½

1- MkWå jkefoykl 'kekZ ds vuqlkj Hkkjr dk Js'B HkDr dfo dkSu gS \

2- Hkkjrh;ksa dks HkkokRed vkSj jk'Vªh; ,drk esa ck¡/kus okyk izeq[k vkanksyu dkSu&lk Fkk\

3- rqylh lkfgR; dks dksbZ ,d vU; uke nhft,A

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'kCnkFkZ &

oLrqfu"B iz'u &


(126)

y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u &

fuca/kkRed iz'u &

1- HkfDr vkanksyu ds izeq[k dfo;ksa ds uke fyf[k,A

2- HkfDr vkanksyu ls Hkkjr dh HkkokRed ,drk dSls etcwr gqbZ \

3- rqylh dh dksbZ pkj jpukvksa ds uke fyf[k,A

1- HkfDr vkanksyu esa rqylh dk ;ksxnku fo’k;d foospuk dhft,A

2- HkfDr vkanksyu us Hkkjr esa tkfrokn dks fNUu&fHkUu dj fn;k] le>kb,A

3- HkfDr vkanksyu dh orZeku izklafxdrk crkb,A

4- fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft, &

¼d½ HkfDr vkanksyu --------------------------------ve`rok.kh ls lhaprs jgsA

¼[k½ lEHkor% tkfr izFkk ------------------------------lkfgR; esa ugha gSA

¼x½ HkfDr vkanksyu vf[ky ----------------------eks{k&ykHk djrs gSaA

¼?k½ rqylh dk dkO; -------------------------vyx ekurs gSaA

ÛÛÛ

(134)

21- laLdkjksa vkSj 'kkL=ksa dh yM+kbZ

gfj'kadj ijlkbZ

ys[kd ifjp; &

gfj'kadj ijlkbZ dk tUe 22 vxLr] 1924 dks tekuh] gks'kaxkckn] e/; izns'k esa gqvkA 18 o"kZ

dh voLFkk esa taxy foHkkx esa ukSdjh dhA [k.Mok esa 6 eghus rd v/;kid jgsA 1941 ls 1943 ds e/;

f'k{k.k dk;Z dk v/;;u dj 1943 esa ogha ekWMy gkbZ Ldwy esa v/;kid gks x,A 1952 esa ;g ljdkjh

ukSdjh NksM+ nhA blds ckn pkj lky rd izkbosV Ldwyksa esa ukSdjh dhA ukxiqj fo'ofon~;ky; ls fgUnh

fo"k; esa ,e-,- fd;kA fQj ukSdjh NksM+dj Lora= ys[ku dh 'kq#vkr 1957 ls dhA tcyiqj ls *olq/kk*

uke dh lkfgfR;d ekfld if=dk fudkyhA dgkfu;k¡] miU;kl] fucU/k ,oa vU; cgqr lh fo/kkvksa esa

ys[ku ds ckotwn Hkh vki ewyr% O;aX;dkj ds :i esa fo[;kr jgsA 10 vxLr] 1995 dks tcyiqj]

e/;izns'k esa budk fu/ku gks x;kA

gfj'kadj ijlkbZ fgUnh ds igys ,sls jpukdkj Fks] ftUgksaus O;aX; dks fo/kk dk ntkZ fnyok;k

vkSj mls gYds QqYds euksjatu dh ijEijkxr ifjf/k ls fudky dj lekt ds O;kid iz'uksa ls tksM+kA

gfj'kadj ijlkbZ dh igyh jpuk *LoxZ ls ujd tgk¡ rd* ekuh tkrh gS] tks fd ebZ 1948 esa *izgjh* esa

izdkf'kr gqbZA blesa bUgksaus /kkfeZd ik[k.M vkSj va/kfo'okl ij dM+k izgkj fd;kA bUgksaus lSadM+ksa

jpukvksa dk ys[ku fd;k tks fd fofo/k laxzgksa esa ladfyr gSA ̂rc dh ckr vkSj Fkh*] *Hkwr ds ik¡o ihNs*]

*csbZekuh dh ijr*] *ixMf.M;ksa dk tekuk*] ̂ f'kdk;r eq>s Hkh gS*] ̂lnkpkj dk rkcht*] ̂ vkSj var esa*]

*izsepUn ds QVs twrs*] *ekVh dgs dqEgkj ls* ,oa ̂dkx HkxksM+k* buds O;aX; fuca/k gSaA bUgksaus dgkfu;k¡ Hkh

fy[khaA buds dgkfu;ksa ds izeq[k ladyu gSa & *g¡lrs gSa jksrs gSa*] *tSls muds fnu fQjs*] *Hkksykjke dk

tho* o *nks ukd okys yksx* vkfnA miU;kl & ̂jkuh ukxQuh dh dgkuh*] *rV dh [kkst*] Tokyk vkSj

ty* vkfnA O;aX; laxzg & ̂oS".ko dh fQlyu*] *fBBqjrk gqvk x.krU=*] ,oa *fodykax J)k dk nkSjA

laLej.k & *frjNh js[kk,¡*] êjuk dksbZ gkj ugha gksrh*] *lh/ks&lkns vkSj tfVy eqfDrcks/k*A cky

dgkuh & pwgk vkSj eSaA y?kq dFkk,¡ & ̂pans dk Mj*] ̂viuk&ijk;k*] *nkuh*] *jlksbZ ?kj vkSj ik[kkuk*]

*lq/kkj*] *le>kSrk*] *;l lj*] *v'yhy* vkfnA

ijlkbZth us ik[k.M] csbZekuh] Hkz"Vkpkj vkfn ij O;aX;ksa dh xgjh pksV dh gSA tgk¡ rd Hkk"kk

dk loky gS] budh Hkk"kk esa O;aX; dh iz/kkurk gSA Hkk"kk lkekU; gksrs gq, Hkh fo'ks"k {kerk j[krh gSA ,d

,d 'kCn rh[kkiu fy, gksrk gSA fganh ds vykok mnwZ ,oa vaxzsth 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx Hkh [kqydj fd;k gSA

budh jpukvksa esa Hkk"kk] Hkko vkSj Hkafxek ds vuq:i Lo:i cnyrh gSA Hkk"kk 'kSyh esa Hkh lgt ifjorZu

gksrk gS vkSj og vius mÌs';ksa dh iwfrZ djus esa lQy jgrh gSA vkidks *fodykax J)k dk nkSj^ Ñfr gsrq

lkfgR; vdkneh iqjLdkj Hkh iznku fd;k x;kA

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ikB-ifjp; &

ewy ikB &

izLrqr ikB ̂laLdkjksa vkSj 'kkL=ksa dh yM+kbZ* ,d O;aX;kRed fucU/k gSA ;g ijlkbZ ds fucU/k laxzg *f'kdk;r eq>s Hkh gS* ls fy;k x;k gSA bl fucU/k ds ek/;e ls O;aX;dkj fopkjksa vkSj vkpj.k esa fojks/k dk mn~?kkVu l'kDr rjhds ls djrk gSA bl fucU/k esa ?kVukvksa ds dbZ ,sls mnkgj.k izLrqr djrs gSa ftuesa FkksM+h lh foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds ncko esa fl)karokfn;ksa ds fl)kUr VwV tkrs gSaA vkpj.k vkSj fopkj ds fojks/k] O;ogkj esa nksxysiu dks izLrqr djuk gh ;gk¡ O;aX;dkj ijlkbZ th dk izeq[k mÌs'; gSA

esjs ,d nksLr gSaA oSKkfud n`f"V okys vk/kqfud cqf)oknhA ifjokj ls ukrk rksM+dj chlsd lkyksa ls jktuSfrd dk;ksZa esa yxs gSaA mudk dksbZ gS] eq>s irk ugha FkkA ij mudk Hkh dksbZ FkkA fiNys g¶rs iz;kx dh xkM+h esa eq¡Ms flj fey x,A

iwNk] dgk¡ tk jgs gks \

cksys & iz;kxA

yksx pksjh djus tkrs gSa] rc bl 'kgj dks bykgkckn dgrs gSa] fiaMnku djus tkrs gSa] rc iz;kx dgrs gSaA

iwNk & eq.Mu fdlfy, \

cksys & Qknj dh e`R;q gks xbZA

eSaus dgk & eq>s igyh ckj ekywe gqvk fd vki Hkh Qknj j[krs FksA ;ksa dksbZ cqjh ckr ugha ftudh gSfl;r gS] os ,d ls T;knk Hkh cki j[krs gSa& ,d ?kj esa] ,d n¶rj esa] ,d nks cktkj esa] ,d,d gj jktuhfrd ny esaA b/kj ,d vkneh gS ftlds ijlksa rd 35 cki FksA dy lafon ljdkj VwV jgh gS rks 15 jg x,A vkt og ljdkj Fke xbZ rks 38 cki gks x, gSaA

eq>s muds firk dh e`R;q dk drbZ nq%[k ugha FkkA mUgsa eSa tkurk ugha FkkA fQj os 80 ds Fks vkSj muds ejus ls dksbZ vukFk ugha gqvk FkkA nksLr dks Hkh nq%[k ugha Fkk] dqN iNrkok t:j FkkA

eq>s mldh fpUrk Fkh] ftls mUgksaus chl lky ls lPpk firk eku j[kk Fkk& ;kus ekDlZokn dksA mUgksaus [kqn vius gkFkksa ekDlZokn dk eq.Mu dj fn;k FkkA

muds gkFk esa ,d NksVh lh FkSyh FkhA eSaus iwNk& blesa D;k gS\

cksys& mudh jk[k gSA rqEgsa bruk Hkh ugha ekywe\

eSaus dgk& eSa le>k] blesa }U}kRed HkkSfrdokn gS] ftldk laxe esa foltZu gksxkA

igys os fp<+sA fQj dgus yxs& ;kj] ;g cM+k fodV la?k"kZ gSA ,d rks laLdkj vkSj fQj ifjokj dh HkkoukA

bl la?k"kZ ls eSa vutku ughaA pkpk dh e`R;q ds ckn eSaus Jk) ugha djus dk ,syku dj fn;kA esjh tks Qthgr gqbZ] eSa gh tkurk gw¡A muds djus okys vkSj Hkh FksA pkpk esjs Hkjksls rks ijyksd x, ugha FksA eq> tSls ds Hkjksls dksbZ ijyksd D;k] ;g yksd Hkh ugha cuk,xkA

esjs eu esa ,d gh loky Fkk& vxj fdlh lkekftd ØkfUr esa ckSf)d fo'okl ds lkFk dksbZ yxk gks vkSj rHkh pkph dg ns fd csVk] rqEgkjs pkpk dh vkRek dks nq%[k gksxk] ijyksd esa mudh nqxZfr

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gks tk,xh rc Økafrdkjh D;k djsxk\ ifjokj dh Hkkouk dh j{kk Hkh rks djuh iM+rh gSA rc D;k og ;g dgsxk fd pkph] vxj rqEgkjh ;g Hkkouk gS rks eSa ØkfUr NksM+ nsrk gw¡A

esjs ,d nksLr gSaA eq>ls T;knk T;knk oSKkfud n`f"V lEiUu] fopkj vkSj deZ nksuksa ls ØkfUrdkjhA eSa gh muls Kku vkSj izsj.kk ysrk jgk gw¡A ,d fnu eSaus mUgsa /kksrh igus] ikyFkh ekjs lR;ukjk;.k dh dFkk ij cSBs jaxs gkFkksa idM+ fy;kA

eq>s yxk tSls ,acqysal dh xkM+h us gh eq>s dqpy fn;k gksA

eSaus nwljs fnu muls iwNk& >wB ukjk;.k ;g rqEgkjh D;k gjdr gS\ mlus dgk& ;kj] *enj bu yk* ¼lkl½ us cgqr tksj Mkyk FkkA

esjk [k;ky Fkk ̂enj bu yk* lkl ls vyx fdLe dh gksrh gksxhA ugha] flQZ rtqcsZ dk QdZ gSA

;g tks ̂ enj bu yk* dgykrh gS] Økafr dh nq'eu gksrh gSA Økafrdkjh dk igyk vkSj lcls cM+k la?k"kZ ̂enj bu yk* ls fuiVuk gSA ckr ;g gS fd og choh ns nsrh gSA chch dÙkZO;ksa dks vkxs c<+krs gq, cPps ns nsrh gSA rc ̂enj bu yk* vkdj dgrh gS & ykyk] viuk ugha rks cPpksa dk rks [k;ky djksA

ykyk dh Økafrdkfjrk Hkzkafrdkfjrk esa cny tkrh gSA

*enj bu yk* ds f'kdkj 20&25 Økafrnf'kZ;ksa dh gfM~M;k¡ rks b/kj esjs ikl gh j[kh gqbZ gSa] vkSj yksxksa ds ikl Hkh gksaxhA

laLdkj vkSj 'kkL= dh yM+kbZ cM+h fnypLi gksrh gSA laLdkj vkSj vFkZ'kkL= dh ,d yM+kbZ eSaus lkQ ns[khA

,d 'kgj esa nks lky igys fdlh lkaLÑfrd vk;kstu esa x;k FkkA ,d lkfgfR;d #fp ds lTtu cgqr ihNs iM+s fd esjs ?kj pk; ihus pfy,A gj ckj vkxzg ds lkFk os ;g t:j tksM+rs & lfjrk us Hkh dgk gSA le>k lfjrk th budh iRuh gksaxhA lkfgR; i<+rh gksaxhA dqN dfork oxSjg Hkh fy[krh gksaxhA pk; ihus igq¡pk] rks cSBd ls mUgksaus insZ dh rjQ eq¡g djds esjs vkus dh ?kks"k.kk dj nhA nqfo/kkxzLr v)Z vk/kqfud ifjokjksa esa blds ckn D;k gksrk gS] bldk eq>s cgqr vuqHko gSA iRuh vkrh gSA ueLrs ds ckn cus cuk, okD; cksyrh gS& ge vkidh dgkfu;k¡ i<+rs jgs gSaA bruh g¡lh vkrh gS] bruh g¡lh vkrh gS fd cl dqN er iwfN,& blh oDr mls ;kn vkrk gS fd ̂nkEiR; lafgrk dk fu;e 73 dgrk gS& iRuh viuk LorU= er O;Dr u djsA O;Dr djuk t:jh gks] rks mlesa ifr dks 'kkfey djsA* og ifr dks 'kkfey dj ysrh gS& D;ksa og dkSulh dgkuh i<+h Fkh ge yksxksa us fiNys g¶rs\

vxj cPpk Hkh gqvk] rks *vadyth* dks mlls ueLrs djk;k tkrk gSA dgk tkrk gS& vady rqEgsa cgqr etsnkj dgkuh lquk,¡xsA dHkh eq>ls ogha cPps dks dgkuh lquk nsus dk vkxzg Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA uqL[ks esjs ikl lc rjg ds jgrs gSaA izkS<+ksa ds fy, Mk;cVht dk uqL[kk Hkh j[krk gw¡ vkSj cPpksa ds fy, dqdqj [kk¡lh dk HkhA eSa cPps dks jk{kl dh dgkuh QkSju lquk nsrk gw¡A vkxzg gks rks muds llqj dks Hkh d`".k lqnkek dh dgkuh lquk nw¡A

cSBd esa eSaus lkspk fd vc lfjrk th ckgj vk,¡xh vkSj ogh ;kaf=d ppkZ pysxhA cM+h nsj gks xbZA lfjrk th rks D;k] ukyh th Hkh ugha fudyhaA lkspk pk; ysdj vk,¡xhA ij FkksM+h nsj ckn lk¡dy cthA ifr egksn; Hkhrj x, vkSj pk; dh Vªs ysdj vk x,A

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Hkhrj ls ,d fcYyh fudyhA ml ?kj esa fcYyh ,dek= eknk Fkh] tks inkZ ugha djrh FkhA

lk¡dy /kkrq ;qx ls pyh vkrh ?kjsyw ̂dkWycsy* gSA lfjrkth dqN laLdkj vius ?kj ls ysdj vkbZ gksaxh] dqN ;gk¡ feys gksaxsA og ik¡o njokts dh rjQ c<+krh gS] rks gkFk lk¡dy ij pyk tkrk gSA

exj tc ;g fLFkfr gS] rks bl vkneh us ckj ckj D;ksa dgk Fkk& lfjrk us Hkh vkus dks dgk gSA bl n`'; esa lfjrk dk dqy bruk *jksy* gS fd og usiF; esa lk¡dy ctkrh gSA vxj bl vkneh dks lfjrk dks Hkh eap ij ykuk gS rks lk¡dy dks fudky Qsaduk pkfg,A exj rc og Fkkyh ctkus yxsxhA

nks lky ckn fQj ml 'kgj esa x;kA os fQj eq>s pk; ds fy, ys x,A bl ckj mUgksaus ugha dgk fd lfjrk us Hkh vkxzg fd;k gSA mlus usiF; okyk fgLlk ukVd ls dkV fn;k gksxkA eSa cSBd esa igq¡pkA mlus insZ dh rjQ eq¡g djds esjs vkus dh ?kks"k.kk ugha dhA ij tjk nsj ckn gh lfjrkth Vªs ysdj ckgj vkbZaA ,dk/k vkSipkfjd ckr dh] fQj ?kM+h ns[khA cksyha& vki yksx pk; fi,¡A esjk Ldwy dk oDr gks x;kA os pIiy QVdkjrh lh<+h ls mrj xbZaA

Jh;qr lfjrk ifr cksys& Ldwy esa ukSdjh dj yh gSA vktdy ,d dh dekbZ ls iwjk ugha iM+rk gSA

le> x;k] vFkZ'kkL= us laLdkj dks /kksch iNkM+ ns nhA

gekjs tekus esa ukjh dks tks Hkh eqfDr feyh gS] D;ksa feyh gS\ vkanksyu ls\ vk/kqfud n`f"V ls\ mlds O;fDrRo dh Lohd`fr ls\ ugha mldh eqfDr dk dkj.k eg¡xkbZ gSA ukjh eqfDr ds bfrgkl esa ;g okD; vej jgsxk & ̂*,d dh dekbZ ls iwjk ugha iM+rkA**

vFkZ'kkL= laLdkjksa ds lhus ij p<+dj xyk nck jgk gSA b/kj ,d yM+ds us yM+dh dks mlh dh bPNk ls Hkxkdj ̂ljdkjh 'kknh* dj yhA yM+dk ;ksX;] lqUnj vkSj vPNh ukSdjh okykA igys yM+dh dh ek¡ ds laLdkjksa us tksj ekjk vkSj mlus gk; rksck epk;kA vFkZ'kkL= ls ;g cjnk'r ugha gqvkA mlus laLdkjksa dks ,d iVduh nhA ek¡ us lkspk] ;g tks 15 gtkj ngst ds fy, j[ks Fks] lkQ cpsA fQj 15 gtkj esa Hkh bruk vPNk yM+dk ugha feyrkA mUgksaus dkMZ ck¡V dj nkor ns nhA

cqf)oknh & cqf)okn dks ekuus okyk@ fiaMnku & ejus ds i'pkr~ ifjokj ds yksxksa }kjk fiaM nsuk] ejus ds ckn dk ,d deZdk.M@ lafon ljdkj & og ljdkj ftlesa vusd nyksa ds fo/kk;d 'kkfey gksaA @}U}kRed & nks ds e/; vfu'p; gksus dk Hkko@ Jk) & J)k;qDr] 'kkL= fofgr fir`&deZ @ Qthgr& vieku] csbTtrh rtqcsZ & vuqHko@ lafgrk & la;ksx] laxzg] ladyu] osnksa dk ea= Hkkx @ izkS<+ksa & ifjiDoksa] 20 ls 50 ds chp mez dh voLFkk ds yksxksa@ dkWycsy & njokts ij yxh ?k.Vh] cqykus ds fy, ?k.Vh@ Jh;qr & y{ehoku~] iq#"kksa ds uke ds vkxs yxk;k tkus okyk fo'ks"k.k@ cjnk'r & lgu] lgu djuk] lguk @ nkor & Hkkstu] Hkkstu dk fuea=.k@ eq¡Ms flj & ftl flj ds cky iwjh rjg dVs gq, gksa@ gSfl;r & ;ksX;rk] lkeF;Z] eku&izfr"Bk@ vukFk & fujkJ;] nhu] fcuk ek¡&cki dk cPpk@ foltZu & izfrek dk /kkjk esa cgk;k tkuk] R;kx] Qsaduk@ ,syku & lkoZtfud ?kks"k.kk] equknh@ enj bu yk & lkl@ nkEiR; & ifr&iRuh lEcU/kh@ uqL[ks & iz;ksx dh fof/k] rjhdk@ Mk;cVht & e/kqesg@ usiF; & insZ ds ihNs dk LFkku@ gk;&rksck & d"V esa epk;k x;k 'kksj@ iVduh & iNkM+] dM+k vk?kkrA

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'kCnkFkZ &

(131)

oLrqfu"B iz'u &


y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u &

fuca/kkRed iz'u &

1- bl fucU/k ds vuqlkj ØkfUrdkfj;ksa dh ØkfUr dk lcls cM+h nq'eu dkSu gS\

¼d½ ek¡ ¼[k½ Qknj bu yk

¼x½ firk ¼?k½ enj bu yk ¼ ½

2- fucU/k esa ys[kd ukjh eqfDr dk dkj.k fdldks ekurk gS&

¼d½ laLdkjksa dks ¼[k½ eg¡xkbZ dks

¼x½ ljdkj dks ¼?k½ foKku dks ¼ ½

1- fi.Mnku djus tkrs le; bykgkckn dks fdl uke ls iqdkjrs gSa \

2- *enj bu yk* vkSj lkl esa D;k QdZ gS \

3- ys[kd ds fe= tks fd mUgsa ?kj ys tkrs gSa] muds ;gk¡ fcuk insZ ds ,dek= eknk dkSu Fkh \

4- laLdkjksa ds lhus ij p<+dj xyk dkSu nck jgk gS \

5- *laLdkjksa vkSj 'kkL=ksa dh yM+kbZ* uked fucU/k ijlkbZ th ds fdl fucU/k laxzg ls fy;k x;k gS \

1- ys[kd dks nksLr ds firk dh e`R;q dh vis{kk fdldh fpUrk vf/kd Fkh \

2- ys[kd ds vuqlkj iz;kx vkSj bykgkckn esa D;k vUrj gS\

3- ys[kd *enj bu yk* dks ØkfUr dk nq'eu D;ksa ekurk gS\

4- ys[kd ds ikl lqukus dk vkxzg djus ij fdl&fdl rjg ds uqL[ks gSa\

5-- yM+dh dh ekrk dh fdl rjg dh lksp ls irk yxk fd vFkZ'kkL= us laLdkjksa dks iVduh ns nh\

1- ^laLdkj vkSj 'kkL=ksa dh yM+kbZ* fucU/k ds vk/kkj ij ijlkbZth dh ys[ku 'kSyh dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A

2- ikB dk lkj fy[krs gq, blds ewy mÌs'; dks Li"V dhft,A

3- ikB esa vk, fuEufyf[kr x|ka'kksa dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft, &

¼d½ ;ksa dksbZ cqjh ckr ugha ----------------------------------------------------- mlds 38 cki gks x, gSaA

¼[k½ vFkZ'kkL= laLdkjksa ds lhus -------------------------------------------- rks ge ,d Hkkst ns nsaA

ÛÛÛ

(132)

22- Hkkjr Hkh egk'kfDr cu ldrk gS

Û Jh/kj ijkM+dj

ys[kd ifjp; &

ikB-ifjp; &

ewy ikB &

e/;izns'k ds Xokfy;j fuoklh Jh/kj ijkM+dj dk tUe 15 ekpZ] 1954 dks gqvkA buds firkth

dk uke xksfoUn HkkbZ ijkM+dj vkSj ekrk dk uke Jherh baæk ckbZ ijkM+dj gSA okf.kT; fu’.kkr dh f'k{kk

izkIr dj Jh/kj ijkM+dj us ,dkmaVsaV tujy dk;kZy; esa vkWfMVj ds :i esa “kkldh; lsok izkjaHk dh]

fdarq jk’Vªizse ds o”khHkwr gksdj Jh/kj us 1986 esa “kkldh; lsokfuo`fÙk ysdj viuk thou jk’VªksRFkku dks

lefiZr dj fn;kA

lkfgR; ds ek/;e ls Hkkjrh; laLÑfr vkSj jk'Vª dh vy[k txk jgs Jh/kj us baXyS.M] Jhyadk

vkfn ns”kksa dh ;k=k ds lkFk lkFk Hkkjr esa Hkh lkfgR; lao/kZu ;k=k,¡ dha] rkfd ys[kd vuqHkwr lkfgR;

dk l`tu dj ldsA

Jh/kj us *1857 ds izfrlkn^] *vn~Hkqr lar Lokeh jkerhFkZ^] *vizfre Økafrnz’Vk Hkxr flag^]

*jk’Vªlar rqdM+ks th^] *jk’Vªfu'B [k.MkscYyky^] *fl);ksxh mÙke Lokeh^] rFkk vU; egkiq#'kksa ds thou

pfj= ij iqLrdsa fy[khaA Jh/kj us nÙkksiar BsxM+s dh iqLrd *lkekftd Økafr dh ;k=k vkSj MkWå vEcsMdj

dk ejkBh ls fganh esa vuqokn fd;kA

*Hkkjr Hkh egk”kfDr cu ldrk gS^ uked fuca/k esa ys[kd us Hkkjrh;ksa esa jk’Vª ds izfr fujk”kk

vkSj Hkze dh fLFkfr dks nwj dj Hkkjrh; tu ekul esa vk”kk vkSj mRlkg ds lkFk jk’Vªh;rk dk Tokj iSnk

djus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA

ns”kokfl;ksa dk Hkkjr ds ckjs esa vDlj ;g dguk fd **vc dqN ugha gks ldrk]-----------bl ns”k

dk Hkxoku gh ekfyd gS^^ ys[kd dks >d>ksj nsrk gSA *lksus dh fpfM+;k^ Hkkjr dk bfrgkl gekjk

xkSjoe;h vrhr gS ftls Hkqyk dj geus vius vkRelEeku vkSj LokfHkeku dks foLe`r dj fn;kA vkt Hkh

fons”kksa esa lokZf/kd ek¡x Hkkjrh;ksa dh gh gS rFkk Hkkjrh; m|ksxifr fons”kksa esa Hkkjr dk Madk ctk jgs gSaA

geus ;q) Hkh thrs gSa vkSj oSf”od izfrca/kksa dk g¡l dj lkeuk Hkh fd;k gSA Hkkjr dks iqu% egk”kfDr vkSj

fo”o xq# cukus ds fy, fons”kksa dh vksj rkduk can djds gesa Hkkjrh;ksa esa vkRefo”okl vkSj vkRexkSjo

dk Hkko iSnk djds mudh lksp esa lq/kkj djuk gksxk vkSj lgh usr`Ro pquuk gksxkA

ÛÛÛ

ns”k dh ifjfLFkfr ds ckjs esa lkekU; vkneh ls iwNs tkus ij dsoy ,d gh mÙkj feyrk gS fd

*vc dqN ugha gks ldrk] lc xM+cM+ gks jgk gS] bl ns”k dk Hkxoku gh ekfyd gSA^ mldh fpark

LokHkkfod Hkh gSA ,slk dgrs le; mlds lkeus ns”k esa pgq¡vksj QSyk Hkz'Vkpkj gksrk gS( ftuds ftEes

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O;oLFkk laHkkyus dk nkf;Ro gS] vO;oLFkk c<+kus esa mUgha dh lfØ;rk gksrh gSA ftu ij ns”k ds uhfr

fu/kkZj.k dk nkf;Ro gS] muesa uSfrdrk dk vHkko fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA lH; dgs tkus okys mPp oxZ esa Hkh

LokFkZ lk/kuk dk iz;Ru ns[kk tkrk gSA bUgha lc dkj.kksa ls fpafrr gksdj grk”kk ,oa fujk”kk Hkjs mn~xkj

O;fDr izdV djrk gSA Åijh rkSj ij ns[kus ls mldh fpark Bhd izrhr gksrh gSA

D;k ;g okLrkfodrk gS \ D;k mlds lksp dh fn”kk lgh gS \xaHkhjrk ls fopkj djus ij /;ku

esa vk,xk fd lkekU; vkneh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds dsoy udkjkRed i{k dks ysdj vius fopkj izdV djrk

gSA Hkfo’; dh ckr djrs le; ftu ckrksa ij fopkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,] ml vksj mldk /;ku gh ugha

gksrkA D;k D;k gks pqdk gS] D;k&D;k gks jgk gS] D;k D;k fd;k tk ldrk gS] bldk u rks og fopkj

djrk gS vkSj u gh mls okLrfodrk dk Hkku gh gksrk gS \

;fn ge vius bfrgkl ij n`f'V Mkysa rks irk pyrk gS fd gekjk ns”k ogh *fganqLrku^ gS tks

igys *lksus dh fpfM+;k^ dgk tkrk FkkA gekjs lkjs izkphu xzaFkksa esa lq[k ”kkafr] vdwr oSHko o ,s”o;Z dk

o.kZu feyrk gSA ;g gekjk oSHko gh rks Fkk tks fons”kh vkØe.kdkfj;ksa dks fganqLrku dh vksj vkdf’kZr

djrk FkkA igys igy vk, lkjs vkØe.kdkfj;ksa dk ,dek= mn~ns”; fganqLrku dks ywVuk gh FkkA gj

ckj izR;sd vkØe.kdkjh vius lkFk csfglkc lksuk pk¡nh] ghjs eksrh ywV dj ys x;kA ;g lR; gS fd

eqgEen xtuoh lkseukFk eafnj dks ywV dj mldh csfglkc laink dks ys x;kA Hkkjr dh ped ls pfdr

gksdj vaxzst Hkkjr esa vk, ;gk¡ dh vikj laink dks baXySaM ys x,A fo”okl gh ugha gksrk vkt ckr ckr

esa fons”kksa dh vksj ns[kus okyk Hkkjr] dHkh fonsf”k;ksa ds vkd’kZ.k dk dsaæ gqvk djrk FkkA

fo”o ds fdlh Hkh ns”k ds ikl ,slh Hkwfe vkSj lalk/ku ugha gSa] tks mls lc izdkj ls laiUu cuk

ldsA izR;sd ns”k dks fdlh u fdlh vko”;drk ds fy, nwljs ij fuHkZj jguk iM+rk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i

mls nwljs ls ncuk iM+rk gS vkSj vfuok;Z :i ls vokafNr le>kSrs djus iM+rs gSaA gekjh rks ,slh dksbZ

etcwjh ugha gSA fiNys fnuksa ge bldk izR;{k vuqHko dj pqds gSaA ijek.kq ijh{k.k djus ds i”pkr~ fo”o

us ge ij dbZ izdkj ds izfrca/k yxk, FksA ifj.kke D;k gqvk \ D;k gekjs ns”k dk dksbZ dke #dk \ D;k

ns”kokfl;ksa dks fdlh fo”ks’k d’V dk lkeuk djuk iM+k \dHkh ughaA bjkd dk D;k gqvk \izfrca/k yxus

ds ckn mls nkus nkus ds fy, rjluk iM+k FkkA

gekjh ftl laiUurk dk o.kZu bfrgkl esa feyrk gS] og dgha ls ywV dj rks ugha yk, FksA lc

dqN vius gh ns”k esa mRiUu fd;k FkkA og Hkwfe] os lalk/ku vkt Hkh gekjs ikl gSa] ftuds cy ij ge fQj

ls mlh laiUurk dks vftZr dj ldrs gSaA dsoy lalk/kuksa ds mfpr nksgu o viuh vko”;drk ds

vuqlkj mi;ksx djus dh gSA tSls gh ge vko”;d larqyu cuk ysaxs] ge viuk iqjkuk oSHko fQj ls izkIr

dj ysaxsA

vkt foKku dk cksyckyk gSA bls foKku dk ;qx Hkh dgrs gSaA foKku ds ckjs esa dgk tkrk gS

fd ;g if”pe txr dh nsu gSA lkekU; rkSj ij ns[kus ls fn[kkbZ Hkh ;gh nsrk gS fd vkt ds Kkr lkjs

ds lkjs vkfo’dkj if”pe ls gh gq, gSaA ijarq ;g ,d feFkd gSA ;kstukiwoZd bl Hkze dk fuekZ.k fd;k

x;k gSA ftl le; ;s vkfo’dkj gks jgs Fks] gekjk ns”k ijk/khu FkkA v¡xjstksa us lksph le>h lkft”k ds

rgr gekjh izkphu f”k{kk i)fr dks rgl ugl fd;kA ftl ubZ f”k{kk i)fr dks ge ij yknk x;k]

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mlds }kjk gesa ogh i<+k;k x;k tks pkgrs FksA mUgksaus foKku ds uke ij ek= 19 oha “krkCnh esa

gq, vkfo’dkj gh i<+k,A bfrgkl ds uke ij foÑr bfrgkl i<+k dj Hkkjrh; lekt ds vkRelEeku dks

u'V djus dk iz;kl fd;k rFkk mls vkRefoLe`fr dh xgjh [kkbZ esa <dsy fn;kA gesa i<+k;k x;k fd

;gk¡ igys dqN Fkk gh ughaA mls va/kdkj ;qx dk uke fn;k vkSj ckn esa fd, lkjs dk;ks± dks viuk crk;kA

mUgsa tks djuk Fkk mUgksaus fd;k fdarq foMacuk ;g gS fd Lora=rk ds yxHkx 60 o’kZ ds ckn Hkh

ge mlh jkx dks vyki jgs gSaA mlh dks izek.k eku dj py jgs gSaA dHkh vius xkSjoiw.kZ okLrfod

bfrgkl dks tkuus dk iz;kl ugha fd;kA thou ds lHkh {ks=ksa esa Hkkjr ds euhf’k;ksa us vn~Hkqr vkfo’dkj

fd, FksA ckr varfj{k foKku dh gks] jlk;u foKku dh gks] HkkSfrd foKku dh gks] fpfdRlk foKku dh gks

vFkok fuekZ.k foKku dhA vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; oSKkfudksa esa lj ts-lh-cksl] lh-oh- jeu] MkW- gkseh tgk¡xhj

HkkHkk] ,-ih-ts- vCnqy dyke vkfn dh oSKkfud miyfC/k;ksa dks ge dSls foLe`r dj ldrs gSa \ Hkkjrh;

oSKkfudksa }kjk U;wure [kpZ esa viuk Lons'kh mixzg eaxyxzg ij Hkstuk vkt Hkh laiw.kZ fo'o dks

vk'p;Zpfdr dj jgk gSA vesfjdk gekjh ckSf)d {kerk ls Hk;Hkhr gSA ftu yksxksa us fganqLrku ds

xkSjoiw.kZ vrhr dks lkeus ykus dk iz;kl fd;k Hkh] mUgsa ladqfpr efLr’d dk ,oa izfrxkeh crkdj

misf{kr fd;kA vko”;drk rks bl ckr dh gS fd vius Kku foKku ds ml HkaMkj dks ,d ckj [kaxkysaA

blls gekjk viuk mn~/kkj rks gksxk gh fo”o dk dY;k.k Hkh gksxkA

lkekU;r% dgk tkrk gS fd fganqLrku dk vkneh dk;j gS] ew<+ gS] fudEek gS( fdarq ;g Hkh Hkzked

gSA nwljs fo”o;q) dh laHkkfor ijkt; dks Vkyus ds fy, v¡xjstksa dks blh ns”k ds ohj iq=ksa dh lkgl

ijkØe dh vko”;drk iM+h FkhA 1962 esa fgeky; dh nqxZe ifjfLFkfr esa fcuk “kL=ksa ds MV dj phfu;ksa

dk lkeus djus okys toku blh ns”k ds FksA 1947] 1965 o 1971 esa ikfdLrkuh QkStksa dks /kwy pVkus

okys fganqLrkuh gh FksA uCcs gtkj dh fo”kky lsuk dks vkReleiZ.k ds fy, foo”k djus okyh lsuk

fganqLrku dh gh FkhA fo”o ds bfrgkl esa <w¡<us ij ,slk mnkgj.k ugha feysxkA

fganqLrkuh ew<+ Hkh ugha gSA ;fn ,slk gksrk rks fo”o esa Hkkjrh; fon~okuksa dh ekax D;ksa gksrh \

vkt ,slk dkSu lk fodflr ns”k gS tgk¡ egÙoiw.kZ ftEesnkfj;k¡ fganqLrkuh u laHkkys gq, gksa \ fo”o ds

lHkh tkus ekus fo”ofo|ky;ksa esa v/;kiu dk dk;Z djus okyksa esa fganqLrkuh v/;kidksa dh la[;k de

ugha gSA fo”o dh vf/kdka”k iz;ksx”kkykvksa esa Hkkjrh; oSKkfud dk;Z dj jgs gSaA dbZ ns”kksa ds jk’Vªifr]

iz/kkuea=h] ea=h] iz”kklfud vf/kdkjh Hkkjrh; vFkok Hkkjrh; ewy ds gSaA dbZ ns”kksa dh laln esa Hkkjrh;ksa

us tuizfrfuf/k cu dj ogk¡ ds lekt thou esa vius egÙo dks izfrikfnr fd;k gSA ;g lc D;k ew<+

dgh tkus okyh tkfr ds yksx dj ldrs gSa \ ;fn Hkkjrh; ew<+ gSa rks ns”k ds izeq[k vkS|ksfxd izf”k{k.k

laLFkkuksa ds ckgj cgqjk’Vªh; daifu;k¡ Msjk D;ksa yxkrh gSa \

rc yksx iwN ldrs gSa fd bruk lc dqN gksrs gq, Hkh gekjh nqxZfr D;ksa gS \ ikBd ds eu esa ;g

iz”u mBuk LokHkkfod Hkh gSA mi;qZDr o.kZu djus dk esjk mn~ns”; Hkh ;gh crkuk gS fd gekjh leL;k

lalk/ku dh deh] ew<+rk] vkyL;] vdeZ.;rk ugha gSA gekjh ewy leL;k vkRefo”okl dh deh o

vkReizR;; ds vHkko dh gSA gekjh leL;k xyr fn”kk ds pquko dh gSA geus Lora=rk ds bu 60 o’kks± esa

dHkh Hkh Hkkjr dks Hkkjr cukus dk iz;Ru ugha fd;kA geus viuh izkFkfedrk,¡ r; ugha dhaA igys ge

v¡xjst

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Hkkjr dks :l cukuk pkgrs Fks] vc bls vesfjdk cukuk pkg jgs gSaA fons”kksa ds fodkl ds izk:i ogk¡ ds

fy, Bhd gks ldrs gSaA ogk¡ dh ifjfLFkfr fHkUu gS] ogk¡ ds lekt dh x<+u fHkUu gS] mudh vko”;drk,¡

fHkUu gSaA mUgksaus vius ns”k dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks /;ku eas j[kdj vius ns”k ds fodkl dk izk:i rS;kj

fd;k gSA gesa vius ns”k dh ifjfLFkfr] HkkSxksfyd fLFkfr o lekt dh ekufldrk rFkk vko”;drk ds

vuq:i fodkl dk izk:i rS;kj djus dk iz;Ru djuk gksxkA phu dk mnkgj.k gekjs lkeus gSA vpkj]

ikiM+] lkcqu] eatu tSlh oLrqvksa dk mRiknu cgqjk’Vªh; daifu;ksa dks lkSai dj mlus vius gkFk ugha

dkV fy,A cgqjk’Vªh; daifu;ksa dks [kqyh ywV djus dh NwV mlus ugha nhA vkt vius ne ij og

egk”kfDr cu cSBk gSA ij ge phu ls dqN lh[kus dh dksf”k”k ugha djrsA gekjs jktusrk o iz”kklfud

vf/kdkfj;ksa dh vk¡[kksa ij vaxzst ijLrh dk p”ek ckdh dqN ns[kus gh ugha nsrkA

gekjh ,d dfBukbZ ;g Hkh gS fd geus lÙkk dks lc dqN le> fy;k gSA gekjs fy, lÙkk

loksZifj gks pqdh gSA ;ksX;rk vc lÙkk dh dlkSVh ugha jg xbZA vPNs o cqjs dk varj geus Hkqyk fn;kA

uSfrdrk dks yxHkx frykatfy ns dj lÙkk izkfIr gh eq[; /;s; gks x;kA blds fy, vU; dksbZ ugha ge

Lo;a gh nks’kh gSaA vr% dguk gksxk fd ,d le; Hkkjr egk”kfDr Fkk vkSj vc Hkh egk”kfDr cuus dh iwjh

{kerk] ;ksX;rk o t:jh lalk/kuksa ls ifjiw.kZ gSA deh dsoy egk”kfDr cuus ds fy, vko”;d n`<+

bPNk”kfDr dh gSA

ÛÛÛ

1- lksus dh fpfM+;k fdl ns”k dks dgk tkrk Fkk \

¼d½phu ¼[k½ tkiku

¼x½ vesfjdk ¼n½ Hkkjr ¼ ½

2- *jk’Vªfu’B [k.MkscYyky^ iqLrd ds ys[kd gSa &

¼d½ rqylhnkl ¼[k½ Jh/kj ijkM+dj

¼x½ ve`rk izhre ¼?k½ uanfd”kksj ik.Ms; ¼ ½

1- Hkkjr dks lksus dh fpfM+;k D;ksa dgk tkrk Fkk \

2- ijek.kq ijh{k.k djus ij Hkkjr ij yxk, x, oSf”od izfrca/kksa dk Hkkjr ij D;k izHkko iM+k\

3- Hkkjr dh izkphu f”k{kk i)fr dks fdlus rgl ugl fd;k \

1- Hkkjr dh izkÑfrd laink dk o.kZu dhft,A

2- fo'o ds yksx Hkkjrh;ksa ij D;k D;k vkjksi yxkrs gSa \

3- Hkkjr dh nqxZfr gksus dk D;k dkj.k gS \

oLrqfu"B iz'u &


y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u &

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fuca/kkRed iz'u &

1- Hkkjr vc Hkh egk'kfDr cu ldrk gSA le>kb,A

2- Hkkjr dks egk'kfDr cuus ls jksdus esa ck/kd rÙoksa dk o.kZu dhft,A

3- Hkkjr ds xkSjoe;h vrhr dk o.kZu dhft, A

4- vkidh n`f"V esa D;k Hkkjr fo'o'kfDr cuus dh vksj vxzlj gS] fopkj izLrqr dhft,A

5- fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'kksa dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft, &

¼d½ ;fn ge vius bfrgkl ij-------------------------dsaæ gqvk djrk FkkA

¼[k½ fganqLrkuh ew<+ Hkh ugha----------cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;k¡ Msjk D;ksa yxkrh gSa \

ÛÛÛ

1d d{kk k 1 2 lj;w - rajeduboard.rajasthan.gov.inrajeduboard.rajasthan.gov.in/books-2017/12/Hindi Sahitya-I (Saryu).pdf · le;&3%15 fo"k; dksM&21 iw.kkZad&80 vf/kxe {ks= vad 16 16

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