1999 Us Army Facilities Engineering Electrical Facilities Safety 144p

8/13/2019 1999 Us Army Facilities Engineering Electrical Facilities Safety 144p

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TM 5-682

TECHNICAL MANUAL

FACILITIES ENGINEERINGELECTRICAL FACILITIES SAFETY

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE: DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED I

H E A D Q U A RT E R S , D E PA RT M E N T O F T H E A R M Y

SNOVEMBER

WW.SURVIVALEBOOKS.COM


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REPRODUCTION UTHORIL TION RESTRICTlONS

This manual has been prepared by or for the Government and, except to the extentindicated below, is public property and not subject to copyright.Reprint or republication of this manual should include a credit substantially asfollows: Department of the Army, TM 5 682 Facilities Engineering, Elect a Fa-cilities Safety, 8 November 1999.



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PART ONEBASIC PRACTICES FOR ELECTRICAL SAFETY

CHAPTER 1

PURPOSE AND APPLICABILITY 11. PurposeThe purpose of this m a nua l is to provide ba sic safetyrules and instruct ions pert inent to electrical workin order to assist electrical workers in el iminatingsi tua t ions, pract ices and a ct ions wh ich can result inaccidents to personnel an d property. Sa fety ha za rdsexist in a ny w orkplace. The risks of injury fr om un-safe ha ndling of energy from electrica l systems ha veincreased considerably in the past few decades fropersonnel involved in opera t ing and main ta in ing

electrical faci l i t ies. This safety manual was devel-oped to meet the need for consistent and effectivesafety st an da rds for electrical w orkers.

a . Accid ent pr event ion. Accidents do not justha ppen. Accidents a re normally caused by t he care-less an d thoughtless acts of workers. Using da ma gedtools or unsafe equipment or working inside unpro-tected environments a re the ma in causes of accidents.Accident prevention is th e responsibility of all w ork-ers. Your own sa fety, your co-w orkers sa fety, an d yourcommunitys safety depend upon your safe workingpra ctices, safe working procedures, and good persona lprotection.

b. Safe work in g practices. A copy of this safet yma nua l wil l be given to each electrical worker. Ea chworker wil l be required t o lear n a nd become a ccus-tomed to t he sa fe working pra ct ises recommendedin this manual . Supervisors and foremen have theresponsibi l i t ies to int erpret the sa fety rules l isted inthe manual to their workers. A comprehensive testwil l be given to each w orker. Any w orker w ho fai ls tomake a passing grade on the test wil l be restrictedin th e type of work permit t ed.

c. Safe work in g procedur es. A working proce-dure must be prepared by t he appropriat e supervi-sor or foreman for each job. It includes the detailedinstructions on how the job needs to be done. Theworker ha s th e responsibi l i t ies to fol low the inst ruc-tions in the procedure carefully step by step. How-ever, the workers have th e right t o discuss the w ork-ing procedures with their supervisor or foreman incase where they feel that the instruct ions are notclear or where safety is not adequa te.

d. Per sonal pr otections. All electrical workersa re required t o use a ppropriat e protective equipmentsuch as hard ha ts , rubber g loves , gas masks , andgoggles wh en exercising t heir jobs. Workers must a lsolearn how t o visually inspect a nd test t heir personalprotective equipment. All unsafe protective equip-ment must be isolat ed, tagged, repaired, or discar ded.

e. T r a i n i n g . Al l e l ec t r i c a l wo rk e rs mu s t b etra ined, certified, and current in American Red Cross

or American H ear t Associa tion card iopulmona ry re-suscita t ion (CP R) an d first aid.

12. ApplicabilityThis ma nua l is a pplicable t o al l U .S. Army faci l i t iesengineering electrical w orkers including militar y a ndcivilian . Where th e working conditions or job requir e-ments are not covered by this manual , appropriatereferences listed in a ppendix A will a pply.

a . M anda tory. The safety rules in this ma nua lar e manda tory for a l l U.S. Army electrical w orkers,including supervisors, foremen, linemen, and othercrew m embers. Electrical w orkers ha ve the right t oask quest ions if the safety instruct ions are not ad-equate or clear. Supervisors and foremen have theduty t o interpret the sa fety rules for their w orkers.Supervisors and foremen will discuss the sa fety rulesa nd procedures wit h his/her crew w hen it is neces-sary.

b. Em ergency condit ions. U nder emergency con-d i t ions , superv isors and foremen may a l te r somesa fety procedures. However, th ey should discuss th ea lterna tive procedures with t heir workers an d should

be present a t t he scene a ll the tim e. Workers ar e nota l lowed to perform a ny w ork tha t t hey are no t qua l i -fied for or w here their personal protect ion is not a d-equate .

c. Docum entati on. Whenever a sa fety procedureis al tered, an emergency writ ten report should beprepared and documented. The report will describethe a l terna t ive method and the persona l protect ionused for t he job.



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13. References.Requi red and re la ted publ ica t ion and proscr ibedforms a re listed in a ppendix A.



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2-1. Workers classificationsWorkers classificat ions are ba sed on th e tra ining,experience, an d t he qua lity of services they provided.No workers a re al lowed to do any w ork of a h igherra ted c lass i f ica t ion than tha t fo r which they havequa lified. However, w orkers can do work in a lowerclassificat ion when , in the opinion of the supervisoror foreman, such assignment is pract ical and eco-nomical.

a. La borer. A laborer works only on the ground.Such work as clearing rights-of-way, digging poleholes, aligning poles, and similar duties. A laborercannot w ork as a t tendant o f a wi re reel , handle inany manner conductors being pulled in near other

energized condu ctors, or guide t he butt of a pole be-ing set in a n energized line. No experience a nd t ra in-ing a re required for a laborer.

b . Groundm an. This classifica tion requir es a pe-riod of employment of at lea st 12 mont hs.

(1) Fi rst 6 m onth s of empl oyment. During thef i r s t 6 m o n t h s o f e m p l o y m e n t , t h e g r o u n d m a nc a n w o r k o n l y o n t h e g r o u n d u n d e r t h e d i r e c -t i o n o f t h e f o r e m a n i n c h a rg e . T h e g r o u n d m a nm u s t b e c om e a c q u a i n t e d w i t h t h e t o ol s r e q u i r e db y l i n em e n a s w e l l a s a l l m a t e r i a l s n e c es s a r y i nl i n e con s t ru c t i o n . Th e me t h o d s of ma k i n g u p t h ev a r i o u s a s s e m b l i e s , s u c h a s d o w n g u y s , d e a de n d s , a n d s i n g l e a n d d o u b l e cr o s s a r m s m u s t b el ea rn ed . A g ro u n d ma n sh o u l d o b serv e c l ose l y t h ew o r k i n g m e t h o d s of l i n e m e n o n p ol e s a n d s t r u c -t u r e s , a n d a s s i st t h e m f r om t h e g r o u n d a s t h e yd i r e ct w i t h t h e e x ce p t i on t h a t h e /s h e m u s t n o ta c t a s a t t e n d a n t o f a w i r e r e e l , h a n d l e i n a n ym a n n e r c o n d u c t o r s b e i n g p u l l e d i n n e a r o t h e re n e rg i z e d co n d u c t or s , o r g u i d e t h e b u t t o f a p o l eb e i n g s e t i n a n e n e r g i z e d l i n e . A g r o u n d m a ns h o u l d d i l i g e n t l y s t u d y t h i s m a n u a l a n d t h em e t h o d s o f h a n d l i n g t h e v a r i o u s j o b s . A t t h ec l o se o f t h e f i r s t 6 -mo n t h p e r i o d , a f t e r p a ss i n ga n e xa m i n a t i o n on t h e con t e n t s o f t h i s m a n u a l ,a n d a t t h e d i r e ct i o n o f t h e f o r e m a n , t h e w o r k e rm a y b e t a u g h t t o cl i m b .

(2) Second 6 m onth s of empl oyment or l onger.After 6 months t he groundman is a l lowed t o work onde-energ ized equipment whi le learn ing to c l imb.However, no groundma n is aut horized to do any w orktha t requires cl imbing. The groundma n must lea rn

CHAPTER 2CLASSIFICATIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ELECTRICAL WORKE

the proper w ork methods from t he forema n a nd fol-low exactly al l instruct ions given by the foreman.This ma nua l a nd other r eferences l isted in a ppendix

A must be stud ied and a pplied di l igently during t hisperiod.

(3) Aft er a ful l a ful l year of empl oyment or l onger.A f t e r a f u l l y e a r o f e m p l o y m e n t o r l o n g e r , agroundman can become a candida te for promotion t ol ineman-C. H owever, the worker must ta ke a higherlevel examina tion on th e safety a nd methods of workpertaining t o the faci li t ies involved. If th e ca ndida tepas ses the exa mina tion, he/she could be a dva ncedfor promotion t o lineman -C.

c. L ineman-C (or Ju nior Apprenti ce L ineman, M OS

52EU4 or M OS 52G). This classifica tion requ ires aperiod of employment of at lea st 12 mont hs.

(1) Fir st 6 m onths . During t he first 6 months alineman-C is not allowed to do an y work tha t requiresc l imbing or work ing on energ ized conductors o requipment of more tha n 600 volts root m ean squa re(RMS).

(2) Second 6 m onth s or l onger. A lineman-Cha ving 12 month s climbing experience ( 6 mont hs a sa groundman and 6 months a s a l ineman-C) may beallowed t o do the following work:

(a ) A l ineman -C i s a l lowed to w ork above en-ergized circuits or on energized circuits on stra ightpole l ines not exceeding 5,000 volts between con-ductors . However, before doing t h i s w ork , the l ine-man-C must be judged capable of do ing the jobsa fe l y an d mu s t b e a s s i s t ed b y a h i g h e r cl a s s l i n e -ma n on th e sam e pole. The more experienced l ine-ma n must superv ise the ha ndl ing of energ ized con-ductors. Durin g th e apprenticeship period, the l ine-ma n-C must lea rn a l l of the d i fferen t c ircu i t s , thevol tage each carr ies , and the i r re la t ive posi t ions

on the po les an d crossa rms.

(b ) A q u a l i f i ed l i n e m a n -C , w i t h s u p e r v i s ora p p r o va l , m a y g a i n a d d i t i o n a l k n o w l e d g e of l i v e-l i n e t o o l s w o r k b y a s s i s t i n g i n i n s t a l l i n g l i v e -l i n e t o o l s a n d r a i s i n g a n d l o w e r i n g c o n d u c t o r si n p l a c e, i f a c co m pa n i e d o n t h e s a m e p ol e b y al i n e m a n - A . T h e l i n e m a n - C m a y b e a l l o w e d t or e p l a c e t r a n s f o r m e r f u s e s a n d t a p -l i n e f u s e s ofa n y v o l t a g e u s i n g a h o t l i n e s t i c k or f u s e p u l l e r.H a n d l i n g e n er g i z ed j u m p er s o r u n t y i n g a n d t y -



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i n g i n co n d u c t o rs i s n o t p e rmi t t ed . Th i s wo rkmu s t b e d o n e b y a l i n eman -A. Th e l i n eman -Cw i l l n o t b e a d v a n c ed t o n e w or m or e h a z a r d o usd u t i e s u n t i l t h e f o r e m a n i s s a t i s f i e d w i t h t h eworker's overal l progress and a bil i ty to ha ndle suchdut ies .

(3) Aft er a ful l year of emp loyment or m ore.

After a ful l year of employment or more, and aft er athorough exa minat ion on this safety man ual a nd themeth ods of work perta ining t o the facilities involved,a linema n-C is qu a lified for-promotion to linema n-Bif sui table progress ha s been ma de.

d . L in eman -B (or Sen i or A ppren t ice L in em an) .This c lass i f ica t ion covers a per iod of a t l eas t 12months employment.

(1) A l ineman-B should be ab le to do a l l worktha t is required of a l inema n-C. A l ineman-B workerma y w ork above energized distribution circuits re-

ga rdless of volta ge. A l ineman-B ma y be permit t edto tra nsfer corner poles (ordinary type) wh en a ssistedby a forema n or lineman -A. How ever, this shouldnot be taken a s approval to work on a ny or al l cornerpoles car ryin g lines n ot exceeding 5,000 volts b etw eenconductors. Ordinary corner poles are usually freeof the ma jor ha zard s tha t exist on the heavier loa deda nd more congested poles which a re the responsibil-ity of the lineman-A. During this service period al ineman-B should be permit ted to assist in the useof live-line ma intena nce tools wh en the other w orkeron the job is a lin ema n-A. Only one linema n-B ma yactually handle energized conductors on one poledurin g th is service period.

(2) Af t er serv in g a t l ea s t o n e fu ll y ea r a n d a f -te r a thorough examinat ion on th i s sa fety ma nuala nd th e methods of work perta ining to the faci l i t iesinvolved, a l ineman-B is qua lified for promotion tol ineman-A if sui ta ble progress ha s been ma de.

e. Li neman -A (or J our neyman ). Only t he most skill-ful a nd experienced l inemen a re to be classed in thegra de of linema n-A. A linema n-A must ha ve not lesstha n ~ e years experience before being a dvan ced toth is classifica tion. A linema n-A is expected to be a bleto perform all du ties of an electrical su pervisor or aforeman. The advanced position of lineman-A car-ries with i t the responsibi l i ty of helping to tra in theless experienced w orkers w ho a re a ssigned to w orkon th e job. The linema n-A should be capa ble of su-pervising the w ork of a ny pa rt of th e crew or eventhe entire crew w hen delegated t o do so.

f . Foreman . A foreman is the h ead of a l inema n'screw. A foreman must ha ve not less tha n 3 year s of

experience on work pertaining to the faci l i t ies in-volved a nd 1 year experience in coaching. The fore-ma n should be a ble to direct, cont rol, an d a ssign suit-a ble workers to ea ch electr ical job. He/she should a lsobe able to issue detailed instructions for each job.He/she should enforce his/her employees t o a pply t hesafety rules seriously.

g. Troubleman . No one ra ted lower tha n a l ine-man-B is permit ted to work as a t roubleman. Thelimita t ions of the w ork for a t roubleman a re the sameas those outl ined in subparagraphs d a n d e above,depending upon the troubleman equivalent rat ingas a lineman (lineman-B or lineman-A).

h . Pat r olm an . No one rated lower than a l ine-ma n-B can be assigned to work as a pa trolman . Thelimitat ions of work for a pa trolman a re the same asthose outl ined in subpar agr a phs d an d e a bove, de-pending upon the patrolmans equivalent rat ing asa lin ema n (lineman -B or lineman -A). A pat rolma n is

tasked with patrol l ing and inspection of l ines andelectrical components such as power transformers,c a p a c i t o r s , a n d c i r c u i t b r e a k e r s t o d e t e r m i n ewhether, how much, and when maintenance is re-quired. A pat rolman must be particularly car eful withl ighted cigaret tes, cigars, matches, and pipe asheswh ich ma y cause fires during ta sking. A pat rolmanshould a lso be extremely cau tious to avoid injury fromfences, briars, swollen streams, a nd a nima ls. A pa-trolman should be provided with a pair of boots an da s tanda rd sna ke-b i te k it .

i . I ns ide wir eman. An inside w ireman requires 2years of study to ma ster th e complexit ies of the Na -tional Electric Code (NEC) and of control circuitry.Specia l tra ining courses by outside educationa l agen-cies may be necessary t o ensure tha t q ua lificat ionsfor servicing complex equipment have been met byan inside wirema n. An inside wirema n dealing wit hmedium volta ge circuits must ha ve qualified as a line-ma n-A. For low voltage circuits, a n inside w iremanmust ha ve qua lified as a l inema n-C.

2-2. Responsibilities of workersResponsibilities a re the dut ies tha t a n employee must

be account a ble for w ith in his/her power a nd control.

a. Sup er vi sor s. Supervisors are persons who arein charge overal l of electrical ma intena nce and op-era tion. S upervisor's responsibilities include

(1) Select ing su i tab le workers for the job re-quired.

(2) Select ing a competen t worker as the leaderof each crew.



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(3) B eing responsible for the safety of his/herworkers.

(4) Provid ing or ien ta t ion to new workers . Ori -enta t ion would include work schedules, safety workprocedures, personal safety, safety of co-workers,safety in w ork places, safety in public environment,first a id, emergency an d local hospita ls, accident re-

ports, a nd sa fety reports.

(5 ) Developing a job descr ip t ion and t ra in ingprogra m for each new worker.

(6) I s sui n g a cop y of t h i s sa fet y man u a l t o eachnew worker. Each new worker wil l be required totake an examinat ion on th i s safe ty-manual . Anyworker fai l ing to make a passing grade wil l be re-str icted in his/her works.

(7) I n t e r p r et i n g t h e s a f e t y r u l es t o h i s/h e rworkers when asked.

(8) Test ing the workers on safe ty i ssues .

(9) I s sui n g work ord ers an d i n st ru ct i on s t o t h eforeman who in turn wil l issue orders and instruc-tion s t o his/her employees.

(10) Conduct ing safe ty meet ings to expla in , re-view and upgrade safe working condit ions, proce-dures, a nd discuss lessons learn ed.

(11) Asking the workers to s top work immedi-at ely if unsafe w orking condit ions ar e found or w henthe w orkers a re inad equat e for t he job due to sick-ness or la ck of t ra ining.

(12) Reviewing a l l unsafe work ing report s andaccident reports, a na lyzing the si tua t ions, and solv-ing th e problems a s soon a s possible.

(13) Coord i na t i n g w i t h t h e su p pl ied u t i li t ie san d other a gencies for t he shut -down of th e powersystems for routine ma intena nce or repairs.

b. For em en. Foremen will be in cha rge of the safetyan d performa nce of the w orkers direct ly under th eirsupervision. Foremen's responsibilities include:

(1) Coord ina t ing wi th h is /her supervisor andother crew's leaders.

(2) Report ing immediat ely to his/her supervi-sor al l unsa fe si tua t ions, w orking condit ions, proce-dures, equipment, t ools, a nd ma chinery.

(3) B eing d i rec t ly in cha rge of h i s /her crew.

Tha t would in cludea ssigning w ork to his/her w ork-ers, providing safety equipment an d detailed instru c-t ions pertaining to each job, safety planning, d irectcoa ching, and qua li ty control l ing.

(4) B eing responsible for the safety of his/hercrew. Asking his/her crew to st op work imm edia telyand leave the area when a dangerous s i tua t ion i s

found.

(5) Di sch a rg i n g i mmedi a t e ly an y wo rke r wh ois suspected to be under t he influence of drug s, a lco-hol, or mental illness.

(6) P roviding new workers proper t r ain ing.That would include: proper working methods, goodshop/housekeeping, sa fe w orking pra ctices, firs t-aidtrea tment, r esusci ta t ion, emergency cal ls, safety r e-ports, a ccident reports , an d inspecting /usin g/test ing/ma inta ining personal protect ive devices, tools, a ndequipment.

(7) Assign ing qual i fied worker in the crew tocoa ch new workers.

(8) En surin g th a t th e w orkers in his/her crew are physical ly able to do the work assigned. Anyworker wh o appears t o be sick or unfi t for w ork wil lbe relieved from al l dut ies and n ot al lowed to returnto work un til fully recovered.

(9 ) Conduct in g meet ings to in terpr e t th esafety rules and working procedures in detai l t o his/her w orkers.

(10) Rema ining a t the J ob site for direct coa ch-ing a nd controlling a s long as h is/her crew is per-forming a job on energized lines' equipment, or ap-p a ra t u s .

(11) Pr eventing unaut horized persons from ap-proaching places where work is being done by theplacing of barricades, hole covers, warning signs,flags, red lanterns, and other means of protect ingth e public.

(12) Ta king necessar y steps to correct the de-fect ive l ines, equipment or a ppara tus.

(13) Avoid ing engaging in the ac tua l work ex-cept w here the crew is sm a ll or, in emergencies, wh enit becomes necessary to take an act ive part in thework.

c. Cr ew m em ber s. Crew members include a ll elec-trical and non-electrical workers. They have the re-sponsibi l i ty to learn and apply al l the safety rules



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l isted in t his ma nua l . Other responsibi l i t ies of crew members are a s follows:

(1) Observ ing carefu l ly a l l ins t ruct ions g ivenby th eir appropria te supervisors or foremen for eachjob.

(2) U n d e r st a n d i n g cl ea r l y w h a t n e ed s t o b e

done an d how t o accomplish the job.

(3) B eing responsible for the i r ac t s . Ca re lessa nd uncontrollable acts a re una ccepta ble. Smokingis allow ed in permitt ed ar eas only. Ta king dr ugs ordrinking int oxican ts w hile on dut y is prohibited.

(4) Applying safe working pract ices. Sa fety pro-cedures and precaut ions , must be ta ken at al l t imes.When w orking in a group, a worker must notify his/her co-worker w ha t t he w orker is pla nning t o do, sucha s before energizing or de-energizing a circuit.

(5) Report ing immedia te ly to thei r supervisorsor foremen a l l unsa fe si tuat ions found in t he electri-cal distr ibution systems, w orking pla ces, or publica rea s .

(6) Stopping work immedia te ly if they feel un-a ble to han dle the job becau se of their h eal th condi-t ion, weat her, ha za rdous locat ion or si tua t ion.

(7) Taking charge of the i r own safe ty, the i r co-wo rk e rs ' s a fe t y, an d t h e i r en v i ro n men t a l p u b l i csafety.

(8) Lea rn i n g h ow t o reac t wh en an a cci d en t o c-curs (First h id treat ment, resusci ta t ion, vict im han-dling, a nd emergency cal l ing).

(9) Refusing t o w ork when t hey feel unqua lifiedfor the job.

(10) Keeping t he vehicles, tools, equipment , a ndworking place alwa ys clean, sa fe, orderly, an d readyfor use at a l l t imes.

d. All w ork ers. The following responsibilities arefor all workers, including supervisors, foremen, anda ll crew members.

(1) Accid ent pr event ion. Accident preventionis the most important act ion in which al l workersmust participate. This includes

(a) Good shop/ housekeepi ng. K eeping floors,s teps , walkways, d r iveways, a i s les , s ta i rways andexit r outes alw a ys clea n a nd clear of obsta cles, blocks,and sl ippery matter. Keeping exit l ights always on

an d complying wit h Na tional F ire P rotect ion Asso-ciat ion (NF PA) 101 req uirem ent s. Keeping exit doorsunlocked from th e inside and free of rust a nd a ll kindsof obstr uctions. Removing snow a nd ice from th e out-d o o r wa l k way s , d r i v eway s , s t a i rway s , an d s t ep s .Placing tools and equipment in a safe and secureposition upon completion or suspension of w ork. P la c-i n g sma l l p a r t s i n co n t a i n e rs wh en d i sman t l i n g

equipment. Keeping tools in chests or convenientracks when not in use or storing them where theywil l not create hazards. Removing stacked materi-a l s f rom w alkwa ys, d r iveways, a i s les, s ta i rwa ys, andexit routes unless ba rricades a re erected. Not exceed-ing safe floor loadings, nor placing material on oraga ins t an y support un less i t i s known tha t i t cancarry the addit ional weight . Sta cking material so thatit can not be overt urned ea sily. Wa tching t he stock-piling: inspecting for stability and for objects whichma y fal l or be dislodged. Fast ening the sta cked ma -terial securely when needed. Using sui table racksfor storing pipe, pi l ing, and other materials which

cannot be readily formed into sta ble stacks. Pla cingtimbers a nd other heavy objects on sui ta ble blocksor sleepers t o ensure necessary ha nd h olds. S ta ck-ing w ire reels w ith t hree strips of wood betw een reels.Not leaving nai ls project ing from boards or wallswh ere they ma y cause personal injury. Not remov-ing ma teria ls from packing cases or removing con-crete forms without removing all projecting nails.

(b) Safe wor ki ng ar eas. Before s ta r t ing anyelectrical work, th e following safety checks must bema de for a l l working areas. Area must be clean a ndfree of all slippery materials. Accessible routes foremergency exit mu st be a va ilable. All obsta cles mustbe removed. All unsa fe situa tions must be fixed, suchas un sta ble plat forms w here the workers sta nd, loos-ened electrical par ts, a nd uncovered energized lines.I l lumina t ion should be adequa te . Working spaceclea ra nce must be sufficient . Wa rning equipmentsuch as barriers, t raffic cones, and warning signsmust be located. Unsafe personal apparel such asneckties, jewelry, a nd wa tches must be removed.

(2) Fi r e pr event ion and pr otection. This is thedut y for all workers, including supervisors, foremen,an d al l crew members.

(a) Fir e pr event ion. Workers must not sm okewhere smoking const i tutes a fi re hazard. Workersmust not accumulate combustible materials, sincethey create fire haza rds. Mat erial wil l be deposi tedin meta l containers; conta iners must be emptied atthe end of each da y a nd t he content s disposed of insuch a wa y a s no t to crea te a f i re haza rd . So iled ra gsmust not be kept in lockers. Rubbish or wa ste mustnot be burned w ith in 50 feet of a combustible str uc-



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ture, or within 5 feet of any building. In burningwa ste and rubbish, heavy smoke must not be al lowedto blow into energized equipment. No burning wil lbe done out-of-doors during high winds. Local civillaws banning open fires will be obeyed. Weeds orother ran k vegeta t ion must not be permit ted to grow in substat ion yards or pole yards, around oi l tanksor other st ructures, or nea r buildings.

(b) Fi r e pr otection. Fire protection includes firedetection and fire extinguishing equipment. All firedetection devices such as smoke detectors, heat de-tectors, a nd fire ala rm systems should be physical lychecked a nd in good operat ing condition month ly a ndshould be tested th e man ufacturers inst ruct ions ev-ery 6 months. Appropriate types of extinguishingequipment must be used for each location, depend-ing on the classes of fi res an d ma terial stored at thelocation. There are three main classes of fires (seeNFP A 10). Cla ss A involves norma l combust ible ma -terial such as wood an d paper. Extinguishing agent s

for cla ss A fires include wa ter, soda-a cid, and mult i-purpose dry chemica ls. Cla ss B involves oils and flam-ma ble liquids. Extinguishing a gents for class B firesinclude CO 2, a nd dr y chemicals. C lass C involves elec-trical equipment. Extinguishing agents for class Cfires include CO 2 a nd dry chemicals. The extinguish-ing a gent s Ha lon 1301 a nd H a lon 1211 are being re-placed wit h ei ther CO 2 or dry chemical a nd a re sui t-able for combating both Class B and Class C fires,espec ia l ly a t indoor loca t ions . These two Halonagent s a re sl ightly t oxic in low concentra t ions (lesstha n 5 percent). Concentr at ions above 15 percent w illcause unconsciousness in a short period of t ime.Therefore, when t hese extingu ishing a gents a re usedprecautionary measures similar to those for toxicagents in a confined spaces should be employed.Workers should not enter confined spaces after us-ing CO 2 or other t oxic extinguishers unti l ar eas ha vebeen thoroughly ventilat ed. Car bon tetra chloride fireextinguishers should not be used because t hey a reextremely t oxic. F ire extinguishing equipment mustbe inspected NFPA 10.

(3) Accid ent repor ti ng. Upon the occurrenceof the accident, the worker involved in the accidentmust immedia tely in form his/her supervisor.

(a) Job rela t ed i nju ry r epor t . If the accidentresults in ei ther injury to personnel or damage toproperty, the w orker must prepar e a w ri t ten r eportdescribing in det ail t he circumsta nces of the a ccident,personnel involved , in jured personnel , damagedproperties, a nd problems caused by the a ccident. Thereport must be completed with in 24 hours a fter t heaccident . I n a ddit ion, the w orker must ful ly cooper-at e with th e auth ori t ies who conduct th e invest iga-

tion of the accident. All items involved in the acci-dent sh ould be ident ified as evidence a nd preservedunti l a fter th e invest iga t ion ha s been completed.

(b) Vehi cle/ equi pm ent accident repor t. Theworker involved in t he a ccident should verbally in-form his/her su pervisor immedia tely a fter t he occur-rence of the accident. The worker should also pro-

vide a w ri t t en report describing in deta i l the circum-sta nces of the accident an d the extent of the dam agewithin 5 days of occurrence. If the accident causesinjuries to the w orker or other persons, th en th e jobrelat ed injury report d escribed in para gra ph 2-2 d (3)aa bove should be applied. The w orker should a lso com-ply with a l l local a nd sta te t ra ffic law s when required.

(c) M isuse of auth or izati on r eport. No workercan be assigned to do an y w ork of a higher ra ted clas-sificat ion. However, the worker can be assigned todo any work in a lower classificat ion when, in theopinion of the supervisor or foreman, such assign-

ment is pra ct ica l a nd economical . I t is the responsi-bilities of t he w orker to r eport to his /her s upervisoran y misusage or abuse of aut horizat ion.

2-3. Safety meetingsSa fety meetings consist of scheduled meetings a ndspecia l meetin gs for specific jobs.

a. Schedu l ed m eeti ngs. Scheduled safety meetingsshould be held a t lea st once a mont h. The supervisorwill personally conduct t hese meetings. However, th eleader of a crew ma y a lso be assigned the cha irma n-ship dut ies on a rota tiona l ba sis. Topics of discus-sion include

(1) Two or th ree safe ty ru les f rom th is manual ,using the manual as a textbook, unti l completed.Then, sta rt ing over aga in.

(2) S a f e t y r u le s, m et h od s , a n d h a z a r d s con -nected wi th the work in progress .

(3) Lesson s l ea rn ed . Di scu ss io n of an y a cci -dents t ha t ma y ha ve occurred recently.

(4) S a f e d ri vi ng .

(5) Accident report s , sa fety bu l le t ins , posters ,and o ther mater ia l - fu rn ished by the ins ta l la t ionsafety director.

(6) Sa fe use of motorized equipment .

(7) Working on underground l ines .

(8) Working on or near ma chinery.



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(9) Working in e leva t ed posi t ions .

(10) G rounding systems.

(11) F i r st a i d . Pra ct i ci n g v a r i ou s met h od s ofart i ficial resusci tat ion: cardiopulmonary resusci ta-tion (CPR), chest pressure-arm lift (Silvester), andmouth-to-mouth artificial respiration. Red Cross or

American H ear t Associa tion cert ification is requiredfor a l l workers.

b. Speci al m eeti ngs. Special meetings a re normallyheld by t he supervisor or lea der of a crew before be-ginning a part icularly difficult job. All deta i ls of thejob an d difficulties will be discussed. Crew m embersmust un dersta nd t he precaut ions to be observed a ndth e procedures t o be follow ed. Members must u nder-stand what needs to be done, and know how to ac-complish th e job. They should be aw a re of th e safet yhaza rds , and learn how to el iminat e the hazards byusing specific safety equipment such as grounding

equipment and protect ive measures such as bodyprotect ive devices. Posters, pictures, dia gra ms a ndother aids m ay be used in conducting t he meetings.Writ ten w ork procedures sh ould be prepared for com-plicated activities which involve access to locationsw here th e electricity can not be de-energized.

24 Safety rule violation penaltiesAny w orker w ho fai ls t o observe the safety rules inthis manual will be subject to penalties. The sever-i ty of the penalty wil l be related t o the seriousnessof an y previous offenses.

a. Fi r st off ense.

(1) Ver b a l r ep ri ma n d .

(2) Ca l l ed o ff t h e job t o s t u dy sa fe t y ru le s. + :

(3) Discharge (Applicable to cases of del iber-a te or wil lful fai lure to observe an y wr it ten regula-tions w here sa fety of persons an d/or property is en-da ngered thereby).

b. S econd offense.

(1) O ff ici a l r ep ri ma n d .

(2) Lay o ff wi t h ou t p ay, 1 d ay.

(3) D isch a rg e.

c. Thi r d offense. Discharge.



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3-1. Basic safe working practicesB asic safe working pract ices require tha t th e workerbe in good health, not under the influence of drugsor alcohol, free of ma jor emotiona l, psychological, a ndfinancial problems, famil iar with the fundamentalsof Sa fety, famil iar wit h equipment a nd tool use, wellprepa red for each job, an d alw a ys alert a nd respon-sible for hi s/her a cts.

3-2. Fundamentals of safetyThe funda menta ls of safety include a ccident preven-t ion and hazardous work el imination.

a. Accid ent p r event ion. ACCIDENTS DO NOTJ US T HAPP ENAccidents a re the result of un-safe a cts, unsa fe condit ions, or both.

(1) Un sa fe act s , wh i ch cau se a l mos t 9 ou t o fevery 10 accident s, include

(a ) Opera t ing wi thout a u thority or wa rn ing ,such as opening or closing swit ches, circuit brea kersor reclosers without permission; operat ing hoists,tr ucks, or other motor-opera ted devices with out giv-ing a proper wa rning; fai lure to pla ce wa rning signsor guards or to give signals w here needed; an d viola-t ion of red ta gging rules.

(b) Ma king sa fety devices inopera tive unnec-essari ly or without an adequate reason, such as re-moving guards, using oversize fuses, and blockingprotective devices.

(c) U sing unsa fe equipment or using equip-ment improperly, such as usin g tools a nd chisels tha tar e da ma ged, using pipe extensions on w renches notdesigned for them, us ing th e wrong t ools for the job,an d using your hands instea d of ha nd tools.

(d ) Unsafe loading or placing objects, suchas carrying or l i ft ing heavy loads, placing objects

where they are l ikely to fal l , unstable packing ofl o ad s , an d fa i l u re t o b l o ck o r g u a rd eq u i p men taga inst unexpected movements.

(e) Takin g unsa fe posi t ions , such as work-ing or l i f t ing from an improper posi t ion ; casualwa l k in g u n d e r su sp en d ed l oad s , t h ro u g h h aza rd -ous work a rea s , o r close to openings; en ter ing a r-ea s con t a mi n a t ed b y g ase s or fu mes wi t h o u t t a k -ing proper p recau t ions; an d r id ing in unsa fe loca-t ions in or on motor vehicles.

CHAPTER 3CHAPTER 3CHAPTER 3CHAPTER 3CHAPTER 3BASIC PERSONNEL SAFE WORKING PRACTICESBASIC PERSONNEL SAFE WORKING PRACTICESBASIC PERSONNEL SAFE WORKING PRACTICESBASIC PERSONNEL SAFE WORKING PRACTICESBASIC PERSONNEL SAFE WORKING PRACTICES

(f ) Working near live equipment, moving ma chin-ery, a ppara tus, or moving parts thereof, wit hout observ-ing prescribed safety precautions or regulations, or with-out using required protective devices and equipment.

(g) Distra ct ing or start l ing acts, such a s prac-t ical joking, horsepla y, teasing, q ua rrel ing, and a n-noying behavior.

(h ) Fa ilure to use persona l protective equip-ment or sa fe clothing, such as rubber gloves, aprons,an d leggings where required.

(2) Un sa fe con d it i on s , i n cl u de

(a ) La ck of shields or gua rds a nd unba rricadedfloor openings or exca vat ions.

(b ) Insuff ic ien t warn ing s igns , inadequateguards for th e job, ma keshift bar riers, an d red ta gs:not properly applied.

(c) Defective ma terial or equipment, such a sbroken pieces, stripped t hread s, spl i t ha ndles, an dda ma ged tools.

(d ) Ha zard ous arra ngements, result ing frompoor h ousekeeping or la ck of plan ning.

(e) Unsafe personal apparel , such as neck-ties, jewelry, a nd loose sleeves, w hen w orn nea r mov-ing ma chinery.

(f ) Improper i l lumina tion or inadequa te ven-t i la t ion when w orking in a m an hole or ut i l i ty room.

b. H a za r d ou s w or k el i m i n a t i on . H a z a r d o u swork can be el imina ted w hen w orkers a re inst i l ledwit h the ha bit of being ca utious:

(1) Do n ot b eg in wo rk a rou n d en erg ized ma-chinery or equipment or at any place where a haz-

ard ex is t s un t i l adequate l igh t ing and a l l p ropersafety measures are provided. When finished, dis-connect a nd r emove a ll extension power cords. Neverleave extension cords which are not in use.

(2) P lace DANG ER signs where condit ions re-quire their use.

(3) Remove DANGE R signs from p laces wherethe danger no longer exists; do not use such signsunnecessarily.



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(4) Inspect a l l tools and equipment before us-ing th em a nd report promptly a ny defect n oticed.

(5) Never work so closely to fel low w orkers thatthey ma y be endan gered by swinging picks, shovels,or similar tools.

(6) Use na i l pu l lers when removing na i l s from

boxes or crat es.

(7) Do not use f i les wi thout p roper handles .

(8) Use cr ibb ing or other approved means tosupport objects raised above a working position. Donot depend upon a lift ing jack for support .

(9) Do n ot s t an d o r a l low o t h ers t o s t an d n ea rropes or cables under stra in.

(10) St op portable ga soline engines or electricmotors propelling equipment such as concrete mix-

ers, compressors, pumps, blowers, and cranes, be-fore refueling, greasing, oiling, or repairing.

(11) When burning insula t ion off scra p wire:

(a ) Use a n incinerat or, i f availa ble. If a n in-cinerat or is not a vaila ble, burning should be done inthe open aw ay from bui ld ings a nd f lamma ble mate-rial . Obey local civil la ws regarding open fires.

(b ) U se iron forks to handle w ire.

(c) Let t he fire burn out before removing th ewire .

(12) Report promptly and establish guards overa ny ha zar dous condit ion w hich might cause injury,property damage, or interference with electric ser-vices. This includes a l l ha zar ds, such a s fa l len w ires,open h oles or dit ches, an d broken poles or crossar ms.

(13) Keep a wa y from dan gerous pla ces unlessthe w ork requires you to be there.

(14) Trea t a l l e lect r ic wi res a nd a ppara tus a s

da ngerous and do not t ouch such equipment unlessyou are qua lified an d au thorized to ha ndle such work.

(15) Do not ins ta l l fuses which a re of an im-proper t ype or capa city.

(16) Do not opera te portable electric ha nd dr i l ls,hand grinders, hand buffing wheels, or other simi-lar equipment unless the motor casing is effect ivelygrounded or the tool is properly labeled as doubleinsulated.

(17) Ca sings of electr ic motors mount ed on workbenches or mounted on metal bases fa stened to con-cre te , wood, o r meta l f loors must be effec t ive lygrounded before opera tion.

(18) Do not remove broken l igh t bu lbs whi leworking inside ta nks, heat ers, boilers, and other suchenclosed spa ces un less th e cord is disconnected fr om

the supply outlet . Empty sockets a re not permit tedin such pla ces.

(19) After a na tura l disaster such as flood, fi re,torna do, hurrica ne or ear thq ua ke al l electrical com-ponents and devices such as swi tchgear, c i rcu i tbreakers, fuses, t ra nsformers, r eclosers, generat ors,electric machines, electric equipment and electriccircuits mu st be checked an d test ed by professionalsbefore re-energizing.

(20) B efore star t ing a n electrica l job the work-ing areas must be checked for safety. Accessible

routes for emergency entrance and exit should beava ilable. All obsta cles must be removed an d a l l un-safe situa tions must be fixed before job ca n be sta rted.Un safe persona l a pparel such as neckties, jewelry,wa tches, and loose clothes should not be worn. P er-sonal protective devices such as safety gloves, rub-ber blankets, h ot st icks, goggles should be a vaila blea nd rea dy for use. The workpla ce must be protectedfrom una uthorized a ccess an d un foreseen a ccidentsby one of the followin g mea ns:

(a ) Wa r n i n g equ i p m en t . Adequate barriers,warning signs, t raffic cones, and l ights must be lo-cated on approaches to and a t t he work areas, exca-vat ions, open ma nholes, parked equipment; a nd otherha za rds. Special preca utions must be ta ken for an yar eas w here reduced visibil i ty occurs such a s nightopera tions or in fog. Wa rnin g devices must be re-moved when t he work is completed.

(b) F lagm en . Fla gmen are necessary wh enwa rn ing devices a re no t adequa te such a s in t ra ff iccont ro l. Fla gmen must w ear sa fety wa rn ing vest s ,operat e two-wa y rad ios and carr y wa rning signs fortheir protect ion a nd w ork area protect ion.

3-3. Normal environmental impactsThe environment m ay cause impacts on the w ork tobe performed and potentia l heal th ha zar ds for work-ers wh en careless or la ck of si te prepara t ion exists.

a. Wor ki ng i n elevated posit ions. A safety ropeshould be used to at ta ch to the worker's body whenhe/she is in a n eleva ted position. To prevent t he pos-sibility of dropping materials or tools from the el-evated position onto people underneath, appropri-



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ate signs and guards must be used to keep peopleaway. The supporting platforms for workers, tools,and mat er ia l s must be s t rong and ba lanced for theloa ds th ey carry to prevent the risk of breaking orfal l ing.

b . Work ing in conf in ed spaces. A confin ed spa ceis a n enclosed space with restricted access a nd in-

sufficient venti lat ion such as vaults, manholes, orta nks. Insufficient venti lat ion can result in da nger-ous air contamination and an oxygen deficient at-mo sp h e re . Dan g e ro u s a i r co n t ami n a t i o n re su l t swhen there is a flammable gas or vapor exceeding10 percent of its lower explosive limit. An oxygendeficient a tmosphere cont a ins less tha n 19.5 percentoxygen by volume.

(1) Befor e ent er in g i nt o a conf in ed space. Priorto entering a confined space, the atmosphere will betested by qualified personnel to determine its safetyusin g approved combu stion ga s/oxygen detectors a nd

recording the results. Where tests indicate an unsafea tmosphere, forced vent ilat ion will be provided an d nowork will be sta rted until safety ha s been assured bya dditiona l tests. An ad equa te contin uous supply of airwill be provided while w ork is being done.

(2) E m er gen cy case. Entr y may be made in toa confined space with an unsafe atmosphere if re-quired in a n emergency but only if the worker is us-ing a supplied air respirator or gas ma sk if there isadequate oxygen. Always use a safety l i fel ine andhave a second worker standing by when an emer-gency entry is ma de.

(3) Safety pr otection. When w orking in a con-fined space that conta ins exposed energized parts, aworker must use protective shields, protective bar-riers, a nd insulat ing mat erials as necessar y to avoidinad vertent conta ct with t hese part s. Doors, hingedpanels, and the like should be secured to preventconta ct wit h exposed energized pa rts.

c. Wor k i n g i n n oi sy a r ea s. P rotect ion a gainst t heeffects of noise exposure s hould be pr ovided for fa cil-i ty workers whenever the noise level exceeds thepermissible limits sh own in ta ble 3-1.

(1) N oise l evel equ i va l en t s . As a ru l e o fthumb, for a normal conversat ion tha t can be hearda t a bout 2 feet (0.6 meters) dist a nce, the noise levelis probably less tha n 90 decibels, th e point a t wh ichprolonged exposure can cause a gradual decay inhearing abil i ty. Noise which is similar t o the soundof firing from a rifle or shotgun is considered as animpulse type wh en maximum va ria tion in sound levelexceeds 1 second.

(2) Occupati onal Safety and H ealt h Adm in is- tr a t i on (OSHA ) requi rements. Ta ble 3-1 pr ovid esth e permissible noise exposure expressed in decibels(for sound levels) versus hours (for time duration).Exceeding these limits, OSH A requires tha t engineer-ing noise controls, administrative controls, or per-sonal hearing protect ive equipment be used. Onlythose hearing protectors that have been tested ac-

cord ing to American Nat ional S ta ndards Ins t i tu te(ANSI) S3.19 will be acceptable. Ear insert deviceswil l be fi t ted individually by a competent person.P lain cott on is not a ccepta ble as a protect ive device.When the sound pressure level in a working areaexceeds 115 decibels stea dy st a te, persona l ear pro-tection equiva lent to the combina tion of earplugs a ndear muffs sha l l be required.

(3) N oise l evel m easur em ent s. Noise levelmeasurements sh ould be ma de by qua lified person-nel using cal ibra ted instruments.

(4) Caut ion signs. Ha za rdous noise level area s(greater than 85 decibels continuous or 140 decibelsimpulse) should be ma rked wit h caut ion signs indicat -ing both the presence of hazardous noise levels andthe need for hearing protection.

Table 31. OSHA P ermissible Noises Exposures

Dura t ion per Da y (Hours)

8

6

4

3

2

1+ 1/2

1

1/2

1/4 or L ess

Sound Level (Decibels)

90

92

95

97

100

102

105

110

115

Note: When t he da i ly noise exposure is composed of two or moreperiods of noise exposures of different levels, their combined ef-

fect should be considered, ra ther than the individual effect ofeach. I f th e sum of the fol lowin g fra ct ions: C l/T l + C2/T 2 + . .. + Cn /T n exceeds uni t y ; t hen, th e mixed exposure should be consideredto exceed the l imit va lue . C n indicates tha t to ta l t ime of exposureat a specif ied noise level , and T n indicates t he to ta l t ime of expo-su re permi t t ed a t t ha t l eve l .

d . Wor k i n g i n i n s u f f i c i en t l y i l l u m i n a t ed a r ea s.Safety rules require adequate i l lumination for thework area . Where nat ura l or insta l led art i ficial i l lu-mination is not sufficient temporary l ighting mustbe provided. Ensure that temporary l ighting is not



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powered from th e same circuit as tempora ry recep-ta cles. The use of ma tches or open fla mes to providesuch i l luminat ion i s fo rb idden . OSHA requi res aminim um of a 5 footcan dle (or 54 lux) level in con-str uction a rea s a nd a 10 footca ndle (or 108 lux) levelin electrical equipment rooms.

(1 ) S p a c e s c o n t a i n i n g e x p o s e d e n e r g i z e d

par ts . Do not enter spaces containing exposed en-ergized pa rts unless i l lumination is provided. D o notperform t asks n ear exposed energized pa rts w herelack of illumination or an obstruction precludes ob-serva tion of the work t o be performed. Do not reachblindly into ar eas wh ich ma y contain energized pa rts.

(2) Temporar y l ighti ng. All lam ps for general il-luminat ion w il l be protected from accidenta l conta ctor breaka ge using approved guar ds. Gua rds ar e notrequi red for f lash l igh ts . Flash l igh ts wi l l no t havemeta l cases . Al l l igh t meta l case sockets wi l l begrounded. Temporary light s will not be suspend ed

by their electric cords unless cords and l ights aredesigned for this mea ns of suspension. P orta ble elec-tric lighting used in wet or other conductive loca-tions will be operated at 12 volts or less. However,120-volt light s ma y be used if protected by a groundfa ult circuit int errupt er. Only explosion-proof light -ing equipment will be used in confined or enclosedspaces un less a tmospheric tes t s have proven thespa ce to be n onexplosive.

3-4. Hazardous environmental impactsSerious bodily harm can result from contact withhazardous materials such as asbestos, polychlori-na ted biphenyls (P CB ), and sulfur hexifluoride (SF 6).These haz a rdous ma teria ls ca n be found in old build-ing insulat ion materia l , ut i l ity substa t ion, old tra ns-formers, capa citors, circuit breakers, sw itches, andv o l t ag e reg u l a t o rs . Th ey sh o u l d b e t rea t ed an dha ndled E nvi ronmenta l P ro tect ion Agency (EPA)regulat ions. Wood preservat ive trea tment productswould a lso require special h an dling beca use of theirtoxicity. The following paragraphs will describe thedangers of these hazardous materials, where theyare used, an d how t o handle them. P rotect ive appareland accessories are covered in paragraph 4-3. The

effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) created byhigh volta ge electric lines will a lso be discussed. Re-quirements for protect ion aga inst nuclea r ra diat iona re beyond t he scope of this m an ua l .

a. Wor ki ng i n asbestos ar eas. Asbestos ha d beenused in years pa st a s insulat ion a nd fire protect ionmaterial . However, cut t ing asbestos materials wil lrelease asbestos fibers to the atmosphere. These fi-bers wil l become harmful i f they are breathed intothe lungs. The cel ls with in th e lungs wil l t ry t o re-

move these fibers but will not succeed. Scar tissueswil l form in the lungs. Stud ies ha ve shown t ha t sig-nificant quanti ty of asbestos fibers in the lung cancause lung cancer. For these reasons asbestos con-ta ining products are bann ed from the market . How-ever, electr ical w orkers still ha ve a cha nce to be ex-posed to such fibers if th e existin g asb estos conta in-ing products such a s ceiling t iles or cement-a sbestos

conduits in some old buildings a re a ccidenta l ly cut .Therefore, before sta rt ing a job in a n a rea w here as-bestos is identified, a w ri t t en plan deta i l ing compli-an ce wit h Occupat iona l Safety a nd Hea lth Adminis-trat ion (OHSA) and the Environmental Protect ionAg en cy (EPA) a sb es t o s ab a t emen t req u i remen ts h o u l d b e d e v e l o p e d a n d s u b m i t t e d t o t h eGovernment ' s des ignated au thori ty. No asbestoswork shall be permit ted without approval from theGovernment 's authori ty. The disposal of asbestoscontaining products shal l be handled by qualifiedpersonnel or contractors according to al l Federal ,Sta te a nd loca l regula t ions .

b . Wor k i n g w i t h p ol y ch l o r i n a t ed b i p h en y l l PCB) conta in in g produ cts. Because of the i r insu la t ingand nonflammable propert ies, PCB has been usedin years pa st a s heat excha nge and dielectric fluid inpower t ra nsformers, capacitors, volta ge regulat ors,an d circuit brea kers. Tra de na mes for P CB s includeAro c l o r, Ask a re l , Eu ca re l , Py ran o l , Ch l o rex t o l ,Nepolin, among others. PCBs can enter the air byvaporizat ion from a leaking conta iner. When in a irPC Bs w i l l t ra vel by wind . P CB s wi l l then en ter theso i l and water. Stud ies have shown tha t PCBs cancause serious skin d iseases, l iver fa i lure, birth d e-fects, a nd reta rda tion. In 1977 the U .S. E nvironmen-tal Protection Agency (EPA) banned the productionof PCBs. The Nat ional Ins t i tu te for Occupat ionalSafe ty and Heal th (NIOSH) recommends tha t theworkers not be in any w orkplace where the a ir con-ta ins more tha n 0.001 mil l igrams of PC B per cubicmeter for a 8-hour workday, 40-hour workweek.Workers should be a wa re of al l locat ions ha ving P CBconta ining products a nd w ho to contact i f t here is aspil l . The transportat ion, storage, and disposal ofP CB conta ining products should be according to thecurrent E PA regulat ions.

(1) H a n d l i n g . P CB is a s t rong solven t a nda prolonged conta ct wil l result in removing the na tu-ra l skin oi ls. All P CB fluid sha ll be placed in closedconta iners and h an dled by qualified personnel .

(2) Per sonal pr otection. Nona bsorbent gloves(neoprene, teflon, viton, etc.), footwear, masks, anda ppropria te protective cloth ing should be worn wh enha ndling P CB s. All exposed part s of the body shouldbe greased w ith eit her petroleum jelly (va seline), ol-



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The International radiation Protection Association(IRPA) has a lso set some guidelines on electric a nd mag-netic fields exposures for electrical w orkers (See t able 33).

The American conference of government Ind ustr ialHy gienists (ACG IH ) ha s also set some guidelines forpacemaker workers. (See ta ble 34).

Table 33. IRPA Guidelines on Electric and Magnetic FieldExposures

Exposures

Occupational:

-Whole working day

-short-term (*)

General Public

-Whole working day

-Short-term (*)

Electric Fields Magnetic Fields

50Hz

10kV/m

30kV/m

5kV/m

10kV/m

60Hz

10kV/m

30kV/m

5kV/m

10kV/m

50Hz

5G

50G

1G

10G

60Hz

5G

50G

1G

10G

Note: (*) For short term, electric field strength (kV /m) x hours ofexposure should not exceed 80. Whole body exposure to magneticfields up to 2 hours per day should not exceed 50G.

Table 34. ACGIH Guidelines on Electric and Magnetic FieldExposures for Pacemakers

Exposures

Occupational:

Cardiac Pacemaker


50Hz

15kV/m

15kV/m

60Hz

15V/m

15kV/m

50Hz

10G

1G

60Hz

10G

1G

Note: Protective devices such as shielded clothing, gloves, insula-tion bucket liners and so on, should be used where the electric field is15kV / m or larger.

In the Un ited Kingdom, the National Ra diat ion P ro-tect ion B oard ha s a lso esta blished some guidelineson electric and ma gnetic fields for electrica l workers(S ee ta ble 35).

Table 35. United Kingdom Guidelines on Electric and MagneticField Exposures

Exposures

Occupational:

Cardiac Pacemaker


50Hz

15kV/m

15kV/m

60Hz

15V/m

15kV/m

50Hz

10G

1G

60Hz

10G

1G

However, these guidelines ar e not officially a pprovedby U.S . Government yet . It is recommended tha t a p-propriate protection measures by applied when theworker experiences discomfort in t he fields.

(4) Per sonn el p r otecti on. The most commonlyused method to protect electrical w orkers a ga inst elec-tr ic field effects is conductive shielding. Forms of shield-ing include conductive cloth ing, gloves, insulat ion, a ndbucket liners. Another method of protection is to a voidunnecessary proximity to electric sources a nd r educetime of exposure to the electric fields. There is nomethod for ma gnetic field protection, except dista nce

from the field source.

(5) El ectri c and m agneti c field exposure guidelines. There a re no official federal limits or gu idelineson electric and magnetic fields produced by electricpower lines. However, there a re six sta tes in the U nitedSt a tes wh ich have set some guidelines on electric an dma gnetic fields for electrical workers (See ta ble 32).

3-5. Electric shock hazardsElectrical energy cannot be sensed by huma n body untilconta ct is ma de. Therefore, electrica l workers must a l-wa ys be aw a re of electric shock haza rds. Electric sh ockha zar ds ca n be cau sed by: accidenta l ly touching anenergized l ine or a meta l object wh ich ha s differentpotentia l from ground; connecting t wo circuits w hichha ve pha se differences, or w orking on an a ppara tus

Table 32. U.S. Guidelines on Electric and Magnetic Field Exposures


States

Florida

Minnesota

Montana

New Jersey

New York

Oregon

On ROW

8kV/m

10kV/m

8kV/m

7kV/m

11.8kV/m

11kV/m

7kV/m

9kV/m

Edge ROW

2kV/m

1kV/m

3kV/m

1.6kV/m

On ROW Edge ROW

150mG(*)

200mG(*)

259mG(*)

200mG(*)

Notes

69-230kV lines

231-500kV lines

500kV 2-lines

Highway

crossing

road crossing

Note: ROW is the right-of-way for which a utility company acquirespermanent rights that allow the utility to build, operate, and maintainits transmission lines, and the right-of-way clear of trees, obstacles, andstructures for the reliability of lines and the safety of electrical workersand the public. (*) Under maximum load carrying conditions.



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Figure 31. Phasing check using hot-line stick and phasing testers

Figure 32. Phasing check using existing voltage transformers.

wh ich can ha ve feedback currents. P rejob plann ingshould be determined before star t ing w ork. Prejobplanning includes reviewing the electrical systemdiagrams, inspect ing t he sys tem an d unders tandingth e system's operat ion. All appa rel, tools, an d equip-ment needed for t he job should be determined a ndready for use.

a . Wor k i n g n ea r en er g i z ed ci r cu i t s . Elec t r ica lma i n t en an ce p e r fo rmed n ea r en e rg i zed c i rcu i t sshould be done w ith proper rubber blan kets or othersu i tab le guards provided a s a safe ty measure . Safeworking dista nce from the l ive appara tus or conduc-tors should a lso be applied (See pa ra gra ph 3-9).

b . P ot en t i a l d i f f er en ces. The potential differ-ences between a n energized conductor a nd gr ound,or between two energized conductors, are equallyhazardous. The metal frames or enclosures of elec-trical components ma y not be at t he same potentia lwith the ground. Therefore, they should be consid-

ered as ha zar dous. The potential difference betw eenconductors (including phase conductors, groundedconductors, and grounding conductors) to groundshould be checked and m easu red. The potent ia l dif-ference between metal frames of electrical compo-nents t o ground sh ould a lso be checked an d mea suredbefore sta rt ing a job.

c. Ph ase di ff er ences. Before connecting two ormore c i rcu i t s together the phases of the c i rcu i t sshould be checked. A short circuit will occur whentw o circuits h aving different phases a re connectedto each other. Only circuits of same pha se can be con-nected. When t wo circuits a re in-pha se the volta gesacross the circuits will be zero. For a power systemless tha n 600 volts a voltmeter can be used for pha setest ing. For a power syst em larger th an 600 volts ahot st ick an d high volta ge voltmeter should be used(See figs 31 a nd 32).

d . F eed b ack c ur r en t s. There is alw ay s a possi-bi l i ty of a feedback current wh en working on appa-ratus. A feedback current can result from improperdisconnection or a ccidenta l connection to a stored en-ergy power source or electric power source. A thor-ough unders tanding of the c i rcu i t ry i s necessaryalong w ith proper disconnection a nd grounding pro-visions.

3-6. Electrical workWork should be performed on de-energized electri-cal circuits except w hen continuous power is requiredfor crit ical services. In a ll insta nces, electr ical work-ers should be qualified for the work. Safety proce-dures should be appl ied and personal p ro tec t iveequipment should be used. Where w ork on a n ener-



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gized electrical circuit is required the worker mustreceive a pprova l from h is/her su pervisor a nd th ew ork must be performed under direct supervision ofa qualified foreman.

37. De-energized line workAll lines ar e considered energized unt il th ey a re com-pletely disconnected and isolated from all electrical

power sources. All stored energy sources such aspower fa ctor ca pacitors sha ll be dischar ged to groundthr ough a proper grounding system before sta rt ingthe job. Sa fety clear an ce should be a pplied. Ba rriersa nd w ar ning signs should be used when i t is neces-sa ry t o prevent a ccess of una uth orized persons to thework areas .

38. Safety clearance for de-energized lineworkTh i s sa fe t y c l ea ran ce p ro v i d es s t an d a rd p e r fo r-ma nces tha t must be applied by a l l electrical w ork-

ers w hen w orking on de-energized l ines a nd equip-ment operating above and below 600 volts.

a . Def in i t ions of comm only used elect r ica l term s.The most commonly used electr ical term s a re

(1) Switching. The a ction of shifting, t urning,or changing the existing position or direction of anelectrical interrupting device such as a switch' cir-cuit breaker or recloser to an opposite position ordirection in order t o connect, disconnect, or re-con-nect a circuit or electrical device to an electr ical powersystem.

(2) Blocking. P lacing a barrier to obstruct theoperation of an electrical interrupting device suchas a switch, circuit breaker, or recloser to preventa ccidenta l opera t ion.

(3) L ockout. The a pplica tion of a locking d e-vice to the operat ing handle of an electrical inter-rupting device such as a switch, circuit breaker, orrecloser to prevent the reposition of the device ex-cept when the reposition is specifically intended.

(4) Tagging. The act ion of at taching a dan-ger ta g or ca ution ta g to a n electrical interruptingdevice such as a switch, circuit breaker, or recloseror to an electrica l rotat ing device such a s a motor,generator, or fa n or to an electrical t ool such a s a nelectr ic drill or screw driver.

(5) Personnel pr otection gr ound. A groundin gsystem (including grounding conductors, groundingelectrodes, and other grounding hard wa re) insta l leda nd connected into an electrical power syst em for th e

purpose of discharging electrical energy to groundto protect personnel from a ccidenta l exposure t o volt-age .

(6 ) C l e a r a n c e ( d a n g e r ) a n d c a u t i o n details. The explanation in detail of the actions ortasks associated with the applicat ion of the dangeror cau tion tags.

(7) M a i n H ol d Ta g. The front side of a DAForm 7408 (Da nger Tag) is designat ed a s a "Ma inHold Ta g" w hen i t is at ta ched to a ma in electrica lsystem or equipment to hold i ts posi t ion unti l thetag is removed by authorized personnel. The MainHold Ta g should not be used for a ny pur pose othertha n th e protection of personnel under a sa fety clea r-ance.

(8) Auxi l i a ry Hold Tag. The ba ck side of a DAForm 7408 (Da nger Ta g) is used a s a n " Auxilia ry H oldTag" wh en i t is used to disable a subsyst em or equip-

ment disconnecting devices which may affect thesyst em or equipmen t covered by t he Ma in H old Ta g.

(9) Caut ion Tag . A DA Form 5140 CautionTa g) used a s a st a nd-alone or in conjunction wit h aDa nger Tag. The Ca ution Ta g is at ta ched to a sys-tem or equipment to direct at tent ion of electricalworkers to i ts abn ormal condit ions or unusua l oper-at ing characterist ics.

(10) Task. A sta tement consist ing of a singlea ction verb which indica tes a specific a ccomplishmentsuch a s ' 'B lock Sw itch A Open", " Lockout S wit ch A" ,or "Tag Sw itch A".

b. Safety c learan ce du ti es and r esponsibi l i t ies.The duties and responsibi l i t ies of supervisor andworkers engaged in th e applica t ion of a safety clear-an ce ar e as fol lows.

(1) Supervisor duties and responsibilities. Thesupervisor is r esponsible for

(a ) Designating individual(s) authorized toreceive, request, approve, issue, a pply, ma inta in, t em-pora ry release, an d termina te a sa fety cleara nce.

(b) Su pervising and being responsible for t heapplicat ion of sa fety clea ra nces.

(c) Making al l necessary arrangements forint errupt ion of electr ical power service such a s noti-fying customers a nd t he ut i l i ty company.

(d ) P roviding direct ion for the ma na gement,prepa ra t ion, applicat ion, and ma intena nce of safety



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clearance records.

(e) Conducting safety clear an ce training a ndbrief ing to ensure a qual i f ied and in formed workforce.

(2) Wor ker du ti es and r esponsibi li ti es. The d u-ties an d responsibilities of w orkers will vary depend-

ing upon dut y posit ion assignment s a s determinedby t he supervisor.

(a ) Workers aut horized to approve a nd issuesafety clea ra nces must

1. Be t ech n i ca l l y q u a l if ied in a l l a sp ect s ofthe electrical syst em and equipment operat ion a ndspecifical ly the paths for current flow and the re-quired positioning of th e system cont rol devices sucha s disconnect sw itches, circuit brea kers, an d reclosersto de-energize th e system, or pla ce other equipmen tinto operat ion w hen i t is n ecessary;

2. Receive requests for safety cleara nces;

3. Ve ri fy t h a t t h e req u es t or i s au t h or i zedto ini t iat e a request a nd receive a sa fety cleara nce;

4. Rev iew t h e accu racy of i n forma t i on en -tered on the Safety Clearance an or Caution Orderform r elat ive to t he system or equipment involved;

5. Rev iew t h e ad eq u acy, seq u en ce , an d ef -fect iveness of individual tasks l isted on the SafetyCleara nce a nd or Caut ion Order form;

6. P rovide gu idance or correct ion when itis necessar y;

7. M a k e a l l n ece ss a r y a r r a n g em en t s forpower interruption required for the job;

8. Not i fy cu s t omers an d u t i li t y compan ywhen i t is necessary (these arrangements must bema de prior to performing any sw itching which mayaffect the customer's services and utility company'ssystem);

9. En su re a compl et e u n de rs t an d in g of t h erequirements for the cleara nce order on the Det ai lof the Clearance Procedures" including the verbalresta t ing of the detai ls of each individual ta sk l istedon the Sa fety Cleara nce Order to the requestor;

10. De t ermin e an d a s s i gn a Sa fe t y C l ea r-an ce Order number;

11 . Annota te (on the S afe ty Cleara nce Or-der form) the numbers of all other clearance orderswh ich a re on th e relat ed systems or equipment;

12. Fill out the D A Form 7408 (Da nger Ta g)1 3. I s s u e t h e D A F o r m 5 16 8-R (S a f e t y

Cleara nce Order (Electrical F a cil i t ies)) and D a ngeror Ca ution Ta g to requester;

14. Issue DA Form 7407-R (Caut ion Order(Electrical Facilities)) and DA Form 5140 (CautionTag) in conjunction wit h t he Sa fety C leara nce Orderwhen requested;

15. Receive, review, an d a pprove requests

for temporary l i ft , release of tempora ry l i ft , a nd t er-mination of clearance including the review of thesystems or equipment 's sta tus t o determine if otherworkers wil l be affected and determine the appro-priat e act ion to be taken in such a case;

16 . Main ta in safe ty clearance records in -cluding documenting cleara nce orders a nd other in-forma tion relat ive to issuing a nd r eleasing of clear-

a nces an d filing of closed-out cleara nce orders.

(b ) Workers au thorized to rece ive safe tycleara nces must

1. M ee t t h e t e ch n i ca l k n owl edg e req u i re -ments specified for the individua l a uthorized to ap-prove and issue a cleara nce;

2. Be t ech n i ca l l y q u a l if ied t o p er form a l lmethods necessary to a ccomplish the t asks requiredb y t h e "De t a i l s o f C l ea ran ce Pro ced u re s" o n t h eSa fety Cleara nce Order form;

3. De t ermin e pa t h s o f cu r ren t f l ow a n d p o-tential feed back circuit(s) relative to the system or

equipment involved;4. De t ermi ne t a sks or a c t ion s req u i red t o

a chieve a clea ra nce including a sequence of ta sks tha tw ill be performed to precede a cleara nce;

5. P r e pa r e a n d s ub mi t t h e S a f et y C le a r-an ce an d or Caut ion Order form;

6. Apply safety c learance procedures en-suring tha t a l l t a sks a re performed in the order a ndsequence as a pproved and l isted on the Sa fety Clear-an ce an d or Caution Order form, an notat ing the t imewh en each ta sk is completed;

7. Con d u ct a sa fet y b r ie fi n g for su bord i-na t es and coworkers to ensure tha t they unders tandclearly the applied clearance requirements includ-ing famil iarizing subordinates and coworkers withthe posi t ioning of al l danger tags (main and auxil-iary ), cau tion ta gs, and personnel safety gr ounds;

8. De t ermi ne t h e req u i remen t s for t empo-ra ry l i ft of cleara nces an d request temporary l i ft ofcleara nces including coordinat ion an d briefing otherpersons or crews th at ma y ha ve been working on th eequipment or system;

9. Req u es t au t h or i za t i on t o rel ea se t em-pora ry l i ft a nd rea pply t he origina l cleara nce orderincluding coordina tion a nd briefing other persons orcrews t ha t ma y ha ve been working on the equipmentor system;

10. Req u es t a u t h or i za t i on t o re lea se an dperform the release of safety clearances includingperforming t he ta sks of unlocking, blocking, ta gging,repositioning of switches, and removal of personnelsafety grounds as specified in the detai ls of safetyclea ra nce procedures;

11 . P repar e tu rn-in an d c lose-out dangerta gs to the issuing aut hori ty.



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(c) Workers w ho receive a pproved (Clea ra nceOrders must

1. Ap pl y t h e sa f e t y cl ea r a n ce or d er b yimplementing the tasks specified in the ' 'Details ofClearance Procedures";

2. Pe r form t h e t a sk s in t h e ord er an d se-quence as l isted;

3. Fi l l ou t the "Time Appl ied" for each task

upon completion;4. E n s ur e t ha t t h e rel a t ed p ow e r sy st e mor equipment is isolat ed from a l l power sources a ndstored energy sources an d t ha t the meth ods of block-ing a nd locking a re properly a pplied;

5. Apply Danger Tags i ssued in conjunc-t ion w i th the S afe ty Cleara nce Order;

6. S i g n t h e " P l a ce d B y " c ol um n on b ot hMain a nd Auxil ia ry Tags.Note: Dan ger Ta gs must be applied at th e time wherethe switching task is performed for the specific dis-connect device identified in "Detai ls of ClearanceP rocedures. All previous ta gs a t t ached t o the device

must be removed (by a tempora ry lift order), exceptw here oth er inherent problems preclude the removalof the ta g .

7. Con d u ct a sa fet y b r i ef in g , a s n ecessa ry,to inform subordinat es and coworkers on safety is-sues an d concerns r elated t o the a pplied cleara nce.

(d ) Workers a ut horized t o request Temporar yLift /Close-Out of Clea ra nces. Worker w ho receivesa n a pproved safety clea ra nce order can request fromthe issuing a uthori ty a tempora ry l i ft or close-out ofcleara nce. When this individua l is not ava ilable, thesupervisor can perform the request or designate aperson to perform this function. The request mustbe approved prior to performing a ny t a sk of unlock-ing, blocking, tagging, repositioning of switches orremoval of personnel protective grounds. When acaution order is in effect a s a requirement of the clea r-a nce order t he following ad dit ional procedures mustbe performed:

1. Request temporary l i ft or close-out of thecaution simultaneously with the request to tempo-ra ry lift or close-out of the cleara nce;

2. Req u es t an d ap pl y a n ew cau t i on ord erfor the system or equipment involved. The "Detailsof Caution Procedures" for the new caution ordershould be specified in accordance with the originalCa ution Order.

(e) Workers a ut horized t o a pprove TemporaryLift /Close-Out of Clea ra nces. Workers issuin g sa fetycleara nce orders ha ve aut horizat ion to receive andapprove requests for temporary lift or close-out ofcleara nces. However, they must review the syst emor equipment status to determine if other workerswill be effected by release of the clearance and-de-

termine the a ppropriate a ct ion to be ta ken in such acase. The worker must ma ke al l necessary ar ra nge-ments for restorat ion of service such as notifying thecustomers a nd ut i l i ty company. These arr an gementsmust be made pr ior to performing any swi tch ingwhich may affect the customers ' service or ut i l i tycompany's system. They must approve and recordth e tempora ry lift /close-out of clear a nce.

WARNING:

(f) Workers w ho receive approval of Tempo-ra ry L ift /Closed-Out Ord ers must

1. P erform the ta sks of un locking , b lock-ing, ta gging, reposi t ioning of swit ches, a nd removal

of personnel prot ective gr ounds;2. Pe r form t h ese t a sk s i n t h e rev erse se-

quence as l isted on the C leara nce Order form;3. En t e r t h e "Ti me Remov ed Col u mn " a s

each task is completed.Note: The task act ion to be performed during therelease of a cleara nce is th e opposite act ion a s sta tedfor a pplying th e cleara nce. For insta nce, i f a t ask ofthe clear an ce procedure reads "Open Sw itch A" theopposite operat ion is "C lose Sw itch A" .

4. R em ov e a l l cl ea r a n ce t a g s;5 . Submi t the closed-out cleara nce order

wit h al l a ssociat ed cleara nce ta gs to the issuing au-thority.

(g) Workers w ho r eceive Turn ed-In Clea ra nceOrders an d Ta gs must complete the termina tion ofc learance by en ter ing the "Released By" and "Ac-cepted By " blocks and the t ime a nd da te the closed-out cleara nce order a nd ta gs from the " act ive" fi le tothe "ina ct ive" fi le .

c. Sa fet y cl ea r a n ce f or m s. There a re four safet ycleara nce forms: S a fety Clea ra nce Order, DA Form5168R (fig. 33), C a ut ion Or der, D A Form 7408 (fig.35), a nd Ca ut ion Ta g, D A Form 5140 (fig. 36).

The preparat ion and applicat ion of the forms wil ldepend on ea ch job.

(1) DA Form 5168-R (Safety Cl ear ance Or der (Electr ica l Facil i t i es) . The Safety Clearance Orderform is used for request ing an d issuing a cleara ncefor electrical w ork. It conta ins al l da ta necessary forapplying and releasing a clearance or a temporarylift of cleara nce. The Sa fety C leara nce Order form

Clearance should not be released whenremoval of the clea ra nce wil l leave otherworkers unprotected. In such cases, a new clea ra nce order mu st be issued, a s neces-sa ry, to protect the oth er workers. The new cleara nce order must be applied before th eold clearance can be released.



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Figure 33. Sample of a completed DA Form 5168-R, Safety Clearance Order(Electrical Facilities).



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Figure 34. Sample of a completed DA Form 7407-R, Caution Order(Electrical Facilities).



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Figure 35. Sample of a completed DA Form 7408, Danger Tag.

Figure 36. Sample of a completed DA Form 5140, Caution Tag.



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must be used for all electrical works performed onde-energized l ines a nd equipment operat ing a bove600 volts. DA Form 5168-should be pr epared by t heworker who i s au thorized to rece ive and apply asafety clearance. The safety clearance order formshould be typed or ha nd-writ ten in ''black'' or blueink pen or ba l lpoint pen a nd fi l led out a s shown infigure 33. DA Form 5168-R will be reproduced on

8 1/2 - by 11-inch pa per. A copy for repr oduct ion pu r-poses is located a t t he back of this ma nua l. The prepa -ra t ion of the Sa fety Clear an ce Order form fol lows

(a ) B l ock 1 , O r d er N u m b er. The Order n um-ber wil l consist of tw o sets of numbers separa ted bya hyphen. The first set w il l consist of two digi ts rep-resenting the current year. The second set will con-sist of four digi ts beginning w ith t he number " 0001".For exa mple: 99-0001.

(b ) B l ock 2 , O t h er N u m b er. I f t h e r e a r eother cleara nces a nd or caut ions w hich are in effect

on the system or equipment for wh ich t he cleara nceis being requested, the individual who issues thesafety cleara nce will enter t he order numbers of theseclear a nces/cau tion s in block 2.

(c) B l ock 3 , S t at i on / I n st a l l a t i on . The na meof the sta t ion/substa t ion or faci l i ty w here the sys-tem or equipment is physical ly located wil l be en-tered in block 3 by the individual w ho requests theclearance.

( d ) B l ock 4 , L i n e or E q u i p m en t Involved. The description of t he line or eq uipmenton which t he work is to be performed will be enteredin block 4 by the individua l wh o request the clear-ance.

(e) Bl ock 5, Tim e Appl ied. The individualwh o applies the clea ra nce order w il l enter t he t imewhen each task is completed. The 24-hour systemwi l l b e u sed . M i l i t a ry (h h mm) o r c i v i l i an t i me(hh :mm) ma y be used on all forms. For exa mple: 1500or 15:00.

( f ) B l o ck 6 , D et a i l s of C l ea r a n ce Procedure.

The deta ils of th e ta sks needed to com-plete th e clea ra nce will be described in block 6. Theta sks must be numbered in the order th a t they wi l lbe implemented. In the exam ple substat ion #3 is shutdown and repai rs ma de . Clearance i s t emporar i lyl ifted midway to test for operat ion. After the test ,unit is shut down again and t imes recorded in theright ha nd column.

( g) B l o ck 7 , Ti m e Rem o ved . The individua lwh o performs a cleara nce removal will enter the time

wh en ea ch ta sk is completed. The procedures t o re-move a cleara nce will be in reverse order to tha t usedfor applying a clearance. The task act ion used forremoving a n order wil l be th e Opposite a ct ion to tha tused for insta l l ing an order. For insta nce, i f the ta skac t ion used to ins ta l l a c learance order i s Openswitch A'', the task action used to remove a clear-an ce order is " Close Swit ch A".

( h ) B l o ck 8a , I s su ed To. The name of theperson who is authorized to receive and implementthe sa fety clea ra nce wil l be entered in block 8a bythe issuing aut hori ty.

(i ) B l ock 8 b, I ssu ed By. The na me of the per-son w ho issues th e safety cleara nce must be enteredin block 8b. In cases where the individual issuingan d receiving the cleara nce is the sa me person theperson's name w il l be entered in both the I ssued to"an d "I ssued by" blocks.

( j ) B l o ck 8 c, Ti m ed I s su ed . The tim e wh enth e safety clear a nce is issued will be entered in block8c by th e person wh o issues th e clear a nce.

(k ) B l o ck 8 d , D a t e I s su ed . The da te, month,and year when the clearance is issued must be en-tered in this block. Numerical or alphanumericalforms ma y be used on a ll forms. F or example: 24-12-1999 or 24 Dec 1999.

( l ) B l o ck 9 a , Rel ea sed By. The na me of th eperson w ho relea ses the clea ra nce must be enteredin block 9a .

(m) Block 9b, Accepted By. The name of t heperson w ho accepts the released clea ra nce must beentered in block 9b. In cases where the individualaccepting release an d releasing th e cleara nce is theSame person the persons name wil l be entered inboth the Released B y" an d " Accepted By" blocks.

(n ) Block 9c, Time Released . The t ime w henthe clearance is released will be entered in block 9cby t he person w ho accepts t he released clea ra nce.

( o) B l o ck 9 d , D a t e R el ea sed . Th e d a t e ,month, an d year w hen the cleara nce is released wil lbe entered in block 9d by the person wh o accepts th ereleased cleara nce.

(2) Saf ety clear an ce ord er l ogbook. All infor-mation relat ive to issuing and releasing clearanceorders mu st be recorded in a logbook. This logbookwill also document information on accidents thatoccur during a given cleara nce.



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(3) Saf ety clearan ce ord er r ecor d fi l e. Separa tefiles are requ ired for active (still in effect) an d ina c-tive (released) safety clear a nce orders. Ina ctive filessh o u l d b e ma i n t a i n ed wi t h i n t h e o rg an i za t i o n ' srecord keepin g sy st em a ccordin g t o AR 25-400-2.

(4) Special cases. Three special cases exist .

(a ) Operat ion of the system or equipmentduring a cleara nce is not aut horized w hile the clear-ance is in effect. However, when it is necessary forth e system or equipment or pa rt s thereof to be oper-a t ed fo r p u rp o ses o f o p e ra t i o n a l o r a f t e r-ma i n -tenance, test ing, a temporary l i ft of the clearancecould be applied. There a re no restrictions on the t ota lnumber of temporary l i fts that can be issued rela-tive to a given sa fety cleara nce order. However, onlyone temporary lift will be in effect for a given clear-ance at a t ime. In addit ion, i f the system or equip-ment ha s mult iple safety cleara nces applied, a t em-pora ry l i ft is required for al l t he clear a nces in effect .

The issuing authori ty must coordinate al l part iesinvolved to ensur e safet y of all personnel.

(b) Temporary l i fts of cleara nce. When morethan one temporary l i ft of clearance is needed forthe job each tempora ry l i ft should be an notat ed al-phabetical ly. The first temporary l i ft of clearanceshould be given the letter "A". The next temporarylift of cleara nce should be given the next let t er "B ",a nd so on. The deta iled description for each ta sk per-formed during a tempora ry l i ft of cleara nce shouldbe l isted and numbered. The number assigned foreach ta sk performed during a l i ft of cleara nce wil l bebased on the number given to a related task l istedon the original order but is annotated with the al-phabetical let ter of the temporary l i ft of clearanceas i l lustrat ed in figure 33. The t ime w hen a ta sk isa pplied an d removed during a lift of cleara nce shouldbe entered by th e individual w ho applied for the l i ftof clear a nce.

(c) At a n a t tended substa t ion, the opera t ionsof the system or equipment d uring a l i ft of cleara nceshould be carried out by the operator on duty.

(5) DA F orm 7407-R, (Caution Or der (El ectr i- cal Fa cili ti es)). This form is used t o direct electr i-cal workers ' at tent ion to abnormal, hazardous, andunusu a l conditions of an electr ical syst em or device.The caut ion order differs from t he sa fety clea ra nceorder in tha t t he system equipment ma y be operatedwh ile the caution is in effect . The Ca ution Order isnormally used in conjunction wit h a cleara nce to a d-dress the condi t ions of the sys tem or equipmentwh ich are not

1999 Us Army Facilities Engineering Electrical Facilities Safety 144p

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