1998. “Dialektnaja differenciacija obshcheslavjanskogo jazyka. Paradoks obshchix tendencij razvitija s razlichnymi lokal’nymi rezul’tatami”

fiuanercTnar Arr$QepeHqrraqrq o6qecJraBflHcKoro r3blKa

flapagorcc o6ulnx reHAeHulrfi parnnrnnc pa3r[rrHbrMrr JroKaJrbHbIMH pe3yJlbraraM[l

Xessuur Au4epceH

1.1. Bo nropofi rroJroBr.rHe ABaArlaroro croJrerr{r HaKo[JIeHr{e unQopvaqull o

Ar{aJreKTax u ncToplrH oTAeJrbHbrx cJraBrHcKr{x t3bIKoB cAenano Bo3MoxHbIM

3HaqureJcHoe rrpoABuxeHr{e B r{3yqeHr,u,r o6uecraBtHcKoro t3blKa;uporpecc 6rtn

AOCTHTHyT, rJraBHbrrr4 O6parOV, 6laro ,.apfl [pr.rMeHeHI4Io Tpex HccneAoBaTeJrb-

cKr,rx crparerufi, npe4uonararoulux (i) ouopy ua o6lrcHl,ITenbHyro cuny yHuBep-

catuit -s3brKoBoro H3MeHenur, (ii) yqer Ar,rHaMurrecKoit csszn MexAy IIeHTpanb-

HbrMlr u uepn$epnftHuuu o6ulecnaBflHcKrlMr,I ALIaJIeKTaMI{ Bo BpeMt I{ [ocne

reppr,rropraalrsofi 3KclaHcr,nr cJraBsH, u (iii) oco6oe BHI,IMaHHe K rlpoqeccaM

KOJTOHT{3arIr{r4, B pe3ynbTaTe KoTopbrx pa3nuqHbre cTpyKTypHbIe xapaKTepI{cTI'IKHpanneo6rqecraBqHcKr{x Ar,raneKToB 6srm,r [epeHeceHbl B pa3JrI4tIHbIe rIacrI,I HoBbIX

apeanoB pacceneHrtfl c IraB flH.

.{na unmocrparlnu [noAorBopHocrrlr AaHHbrx crparernfr s Hacro.sqeM AoKna-

Ae [peAcraBJreHo rpu npr,rMepa o6rqux reHAeHrlurtpazyurut, Koropble AanI{ pa3-

JruqHbre pe3ynbrarbr B pa3Hbrx qacrrx o6ulecrasrHcKoro t3blKoBoro apeana.

flpexge AaHHbre raKoro pola Ka3aJrr,rcb rrapaAoKcaJlbHblMu, no cefrvac oHI{

Moryr 6rrrr r,rHTep[pernpoBaHbr B paMKax yH[BepcaJlbHoro, o6rscHr,IreJrbHororroAxoAa, xoropufi npn3Haer B3ar{MoAeficrsne (i) crpyrrypHo MorI,IBI4poBaHHbIX(geayrrunHrrx) r.rHHoBarluil u (ii) (a6ayxrr.rnnrrx) repeocMblcleuufr , BbI3BaHHbIx

crpyKTypHbrMr,r ABycMbrcJreHHocrrMu peqeBoro crlrHala. Jlyvtuee rIoHLIMaHue

uyrefr, KoropbrMr.r pa3Br,rBarorcq crpyKTypHo MorHBI,IpoBaHHbIe 3ByKoBbIe u3Me-

HeHr,rq, rro3BoJrrer HaM, c oAHofi cropoHbr, o6HapyxuBarb perynqpnble cryrleHu

pa3Br4Tlrc Bo BpeMeHrr H [pocTpaHcTBe, KoTopbre oTpaxarcT crpyKTypHble [apa-

Merpbr r3brKa H cBr*orcq npcMbrM pe3yJTbraroM AI{axpoHHbIX yHllBepcal;ait, u,

c 4pyrofi cropoHbr, l.rgeuru$uq[poBarb rroAJrlrHHble xpoHoJlor]IqecKlle H reorpa-

$uvecxrre HecorJracHocrlr, Koropbre Moryr qBrcrbc{ pe3ynbraroM B3aI{MoAefi-

crBr{s rrrtIoJIorHqecKI,I Hecxoxux cuctev.' 3ra AuxoroMl{t [pocrblx, BHyrpeHHe

MorLrBHpoBaHHbrx (snoruorunHrrx) r{3MeHeHnfi n 6onee cJIoxHbIX, o6ycnonnen-

Hbrx KoHTaKTaMH (a4anrlrnHrrx) H3MeHeHr{fi npuno4llT Hac K rllrlore3aM o pa3-

JU,rqHbIX COqUOJIT,IHIBUCTI4qeCKIIX yCnOBlItX, B KOTOpbIX IIOTBI'IJII{Cb LI3MeHeHI{t

3TI,IX ABYX BHAOB.

TpH upl.IMepa, KoTopble r art6pal Ant HacTotulero AoKJIaAa, - sro OC

neHuuuu (ocna6neHue 3BoHKr,rx B3pbrBHbrx, pa3Aen 1), OC [penoMneHl,Ie rJIacHbIx

(4r,rSronrvr3apfl.rto Ha[pcx(eHHocrr.r, pa3Aen 2),uraxHa3blBaeMa{ Tperbt ralra-

ranr.r3arluc BenrpHrrx (pa:4en 3). B saxffo.ruremHofi qacrll (pa:aen 4) coaep-

:xarcfl, o6ulue BbrBo.trbl. K KoroDhIM MoxHo upnfiru Ha ocuoBe 3THx l'I uoAo6nux

ttpuuepo".2 Anrcrican Contributions to th,e Tv,elfthInternationol Cong,ress of Slat'isfs. Cracow', Aug.-Sept. lgg\.l,iterature. Linguisrics. Poetics, r;d. R.A. Maguire & Alan Timberlake. Bloomington,Ind.: Slavica. 1998

566 XEHHI4H| AHNEPCEH

1.0. O6uecJraBflHcxne Jrenrrqllll

Haru nepnrtfi [pI,IMep - 3To qerblpe JreHr,rquu, Koropbre [porlcxoAvrrrr4Halporq-x(eHI'Ie llocneAHux croJrerl{fi o6qero pa3Burr{-f, cJraBrHcKr{x ArraneKToB. llepnarrI3 Hrrx (.II-1, rpaAr,rrlnoHHo 3ro rrepexoA *j> *i, KaK B IIC ci-rpt, [IOC *Ziti)rlporeKaer rIocJIe neprofi rrarraralil43arlr4lr BencpHbrx (lIB-l) u, xax Mbr yBriAr,rMHI'tXe, [OCJre yTpaTbI 3aKpblTbrx cJrofoB, T.e. [ocJre caMbrx [epBbrx uporueuufiKaK (3aKoHa cnoroBoro cuHrapMoHtr3Ma)), TaK I{ (3aKoHa Bo3pacraroutefi 3Bytr-Hocrr,r)). flocneAnflfl Lr3 OC lennrlufi (I-4, repexoA OC *g ) *y) nporeKaer BHeKoropblx apeanaX Ao, B Apyrrrx apeanax [ocJre rraAeHr.rr epoB, r.e. upu6 rv39r-TCJIbHO B KOHIIC OC UCPIEOAA B TPAAI,IqUOHHOM [OHI{MAHI{I,I.

TpagraquoHHo cJIaBHcrbI paccMarpvrBanv uepBbre rpr,r neHlrrlrrrr KaK ((ecrecr-BeHHbIe)) 3ByKoBbIe I{3MeHeHr.rr, He rpe6yrcque crrequanbHoro o6rqcHeHun, a II-4cY'vraJracr upo6neMaruqHofi. Hexoropbre yqeHbre orleHr{Banrr ee He rax QoHolo-fl'IqecKoe H3MeHeHue, a KaK Lr3MeHeHr,re rro aHaJIorvtvt, o6ycnoaleHHoe vop$ono-noruqecKl{Ml{ qepeloBaH[rMr,r, rrosBr{BrrrnMr,rcr B pe3ynbrare JI-I, II-2 u II-3(ct"r., Harp., Shevelov 1965:592-95, Lamprecht 1987:176-77). Apyrue r4ccneAo-BareJII,I rIoJIaraJII,I, qro II-4 6lrrna Bbr3BaHa aAcrparorra (A6aen 1964, CeAon 1994:69). OanaKo B JI-4 QaxruqecKu Her Hu oAHofi Aeranrvr, Koropafl 6rr o:uavara,rITo oHa He tBr.sercc o6rt.IHbIM 3ByKoBbrM tr3MeHeHLIeM. OHa suorHe peryngpHavt a6colrcrHo rlapaJrlreJrbHa Apyrr,rM JreHHrItrrM, r4 He cyruecrByer urlxarofiBepotrHofi QoHonor[qecxofi MorI4BarIr4v Ans Jl-I,II-2u II-3, Koropas ne o6rcc-Hsrra 6u raxxe u Jl-4 (cp. pa:gen 1.2.1).

Mrr Ha.rHeM c KparKoro o6ropa rrerbrpex reuuquft (parAenrr Ll.l-l .1.4).Hexoropble Borlpocrr SononoruqecKofi r.rHrepuperarl[u u r.rHTep[perarlnr4 reo-rpa$u'recKoro pacrpocrpaHeHr.rr pe$nexcoB neHr.ruufi 6yayr o6cyx4arbcr B pa3-Aenax |.2.0-l.2.4.3axmoqlilreJlbHat LlHreprperarlur rpeAnaraercr B pas4ele I.3.

1.1.1. flepnar Jrenrqrr

flpu nepaofi uararanv3ar\r4r4 Ben.spHbrx (tIB-l) oC *k, *g,*x 6rrru (i) narara-JIIa3oBaHbI [epeA rJIacHbIMLr [epeAnero prAa, (ii) u:rraeHeHbr Ha cpeAHer3brqHbren (iii) accu6nmpoBaHbl B rrrurrflrrlHe. Kax roKa3brBaror peQleKcbr, IIOC *t, *i,*i pe$neKc naJraranvaa\vtr oC *g (s 4anruefiureu o6o:Ha.raeurrfi *g,), rpovreToro, 6un (iv) ocla6len, T.e. $a:a BbrAepxKr{ B3pbrBHoro 6rrla [ocrerreHHocBeAeHa K HyJrlo, a 3areM n:prrnHofi 6rrl neper.rHTeplperr.rpoBaH xax rqelerofi:HeHanprx(euHrrfi (rnouxufi) xoppeur OC *k (nepeg uracHbrMr{ nepeAHero pr4a)craJl HeHarIptxeHHbIM (rnoHruu) xoppenrrorra OC *i. B yve6uuxax 3ro r{3MeHe-HLIe rpaArrrlrroHHo o6rccHcercc KaK Soneruvecxufi repexoA [g] > [g] ) [3] ) [Z], noBepotrHee Bcero JIeHI{IInt Bo3Hr.rxna [pexAe accu6ulsrlr{r.r, TaKrlrvl o6pasor"r [g], [g] > [f] ) [Z], cM. pa3Aeru I .1.2, 1.1.4.

JI-l nrr,rela Mecro Bo Bcex cJraBrHcKr,rx AuaneKTax, Ho rraJraraJrr{3oBaHHbrepe$nexcu OC co.IeraHnfi *rg (*rg) coxpaHrdnrrcb Be3Ae KaK coqera:nprs (lr1ene-sofi * n:prtnnofiD, cp. (l). (Kaxyquecs ucKrroqeHur B cJroBeHcKoM E qaKaBcKoM6yayr o6r.gcneHbr Hr,rxe, B pa3Aene 1.1.4.) 3ro cnuAereJrbcrByer o roM, .rro JI-l[pOLI3OIUJIa IIOCJIe yrparbr rrryMHblx B KoHrIe cJrofa, KofAa [ocneAoBareJrbHocrr4<u1enenofr + qeneBofi> 6rrnu HeAorrycrr.rMbr, Ho Ao [aAeHr{r epoB, KorAa raKrrecoqeraH[g cralrkr BHoBb Bo3MoxHu. BcnouHr{Te. qro e,ur,rHcrBeHHo Bo3Mo)KHbre

,III4AIEKTHA' AI4@@EPEHUI4AT\Vfl, OEIIIECnABTHCKO|O .q3bIKA 567

coqeTaHl,rr rxyMHbIX B [o3AHeo6qecnaBsHcKoM g3blKe - 3TO COqeTaHI{s Sp, St,

zd, sk, zg, ii, iJ(cr.-ctr. it, iA (voxno He npr4Hr{Marb Bo BHLIMaHI{e oqeBIrAHo

no3AHlre HeoJIorIr3MbI LI 3aHMcrBoBan:r^fl, B crapocnaerHcxou).

(1) Pesnercnr OC *dr, *zgr:pyccx. Zit', dr6i'Z'i, ruan. drbiS'i,6ttp. iitc', dr6Z!i,yrcp. ijtty, dr{idii; 6olr. i{v'a, droidie, cep6oxopB. ruroK. iiti, drdida, mdidan(uax. (Susak) iiti, mudijani, crroBeH. iiti droijd, moijdni), cnBu. iit', droidie,\ew. i{ti, droidi; B.-rryx. iyt, ^droidie, H.-rlyx. iy!, droidteje, notl',cx. iyt,droidie; crapocn. iiti, droidie.'

1.1.2. Llerneprar rreHrulrfl

II-4, uzvreHeHue OC *g | *y,3acBr,rAereJrbcrBoBaHa B IIeHTpaJIbHocJraBflHcKoMapeaJre, xoroprrfi BKrroqaer roxHo-pyccKr.re AIraJIeKTbt, 6elopyccxnfr, yKpaI,IH-

cxufi, cJroBarIKI,Ift, uerucxuit u BepxHenyxnqxufi t3bIKI4 I,I 3arIaAHbIe ALIaJTeKTrIcJroBeHcKofo lI xopBarcKoro t3bIKoB.

IllaxuaroB orHocuJr 3To r,r3MeHeHr{e r OC lepnoAy Ha ocHoBe ero 3HaqI{TeJrb-

Horo reorpa$uqecKoro pac[pocrpaHeHr.rc. BuocreAcrBl,Iu yqeHble oIIeHLInI{ ero

KaK nocr-OC ugNreHeHr{e (Shevelov 1965:592-95, Lamprecht 1987:176-77). }Je-

BO3MOXHO TOTIHO AATLIPOBATb 3TO SBJICHTIC HA OCHOBC CTO OTPAXCHI{-fl B TAMCT-

HLrKax [r{cbMeHHocrr,r. Hanpr.rvep, op$orpaSuuecxa-s 3aMeHa (g) ) (h) Havtvnas

c 1100-x rr. B TeKcrax r.r3 qerxcKoro apeana Moxer orpaxarb QonervraruqecxyloJreHurluro *g - rr3MeHeHr.re lgl (xoppenrr B3pbIBHoro /kl) sa lvl (roppenrr

SpuxaruBHoro lxl), uo oHo Moxer raKxe orpaxarb craAl,Irc 6olee rlo3AHero

SoneruvecKoro pa3Br4rurs, [v] ) [t] ) [R], Koropas rIo3BoJII{JIa $oHeuavecxuorox(AecrBlrrb [y] rnrua [fi] c npoH3HorrreHr,reM JIarI,IHcKoro <h>. .{arupoBaHl{e Ha

ocHoBe trucro t3bIKoBbIX AaHHbIX 6olee HaAexHo.Passurue coqeraHr.rg OC *zg octaw,rno AI,raneKTHbIe pa3nvtng. B apeaJle, rAe

rrpor43orlJlo LI3MeHeHHe *g , * y '. B r4epHofi 3oHe, BKmoqatoqeil crosaqrufi,yKpalrHcKuit tt roxHo6elopyccrufr OC *g B 3ToM coqeraHrru ue 6rtl ocna6len,

a s o6racrqx, orcroflIrlux or IIeHTpa cJIaBtHcKofo MI{pa, TaKI,IX, KaK qeIucKI'Ie I4

Iox(HopyccKr,re apeaJltrr, *g 6rrl ocla6nen. Buecre ABe I,I3orJIoccbI S ll v u zg ll zy

ofpaHHqr,IBaroT HecKonbKo KoHIIeHTpuqecKI,rx 3oH, flAPO, UepexoAHble apeanbl u

uepusepub, cp.ra6nnqy 14 lr tonrt A (y, zg),8 (v, tY), C (g, zg) Ya puc' I '

feorpaSraqecKoe paclpocrpaHeHue peSnexcos II-4 HecKoJIbKo MeHee tcHo oqep-qeHo B K)x(HocraB-flHcKoM, cp. pa3Aen L2.4.

I4sorrocca zgll zynpocro o6rqcHcercc SouorarrnqecKl{Ml,I orpaHl,Iqerrraflv.Lr,

KOTOpbre cyulecTBoBaJrr,r Ao rraAeHnr epoB r{ ucqe3JI[I BMecTe c peAyIInpoBaH-

HbrMr.r. Co.reraunr <SpHxarusHrrft + Spnxarutrnltft>, raKI,Ie xax [zy],6rtrul HeAo-

lycrr,rMbr s IIOC .s3brKe. OuH uorJrlr [otBLITbcs B [pou3Horuerur ToJrbKo co

BpeMeHr{ HaqanbHofi $a:rr [aAeHr,rc epoB, KorAa cra6rte peAylluponannue (Qa-

Kynbrarr,rrno) onycKaJrr{cb B upou3 HorrreHl,Iu. ?Is orrocca ro3ToMy rIoK a3 bI Baer,qro B r4epHofi 3oHe (A) n-4 (*9, *y) nponrouna Ao raAeHllc peAyIIupoBaHHbIX

(nosrorray OC *zg ocraJrocb coqeraHr{evr <$puxarusHHfi * n:prrnuoir>>, [zg] -

B yKpaI,IHcKoM rIo3AHee nepellHreprperllpoBaHo rax [zk], cp. ra6n. 1), ror4a xax

B nepexoAubrx 3oHax (B) JI-4 uporeKaJra Bo BpeMt 14 rIocJIe ila4enfis, peAyllupo-

BaHHbrx (orxy4a [zV]). Orcyrcrnue II-4 o uepusepufiHrrx 3oHax o6cyxgaerct B

pa3Aene I .2.3.

A. IleHrp: *y, *zg B. l lepexogHar :oHa: *y, *zY C. Ilepn$epun: *g, *zg

B ocroqs ocJIaBr HcKr,re

Er.p. noydm'azgd, mozgl, rdzga

Pyccx. rc. rnan. nayam'azyd, rdzya

Pyccx. c. gwat. nogdmdzg, m'ezga, rdzga

Yxp. nohdmizkd, mdzok, rizka

3anaaHocraBrHcKI,re

CtoYuu. ndgardzga

flottYcx. nogamjezga, m6zg, rozga

B.- tyx. nohamjezha, mozhy

H.-nyx. nogamjezga, mdzg, rozga

9eu. n.-naop. !ûan nohamizga, mozg

I{elll. noha

miz(h)a, mozek, rfrzha

Crs\. nohqmiazga, ozog, rdzga

IOxHocras.sHcKHe

CroseH. z. Auat. n6ya Ctoleu. ndga

m(zga, mQzg, rQzga

Cep6oxopa. Cycax 1,. noyd Cep6oxops. ndga

mizga, mdzag - mbzga

Bont. nogaml'azgd, mbzilg, rozgd

Cr.-ctaz. nogarazga

Ta6nrqa l. Jlenuqur pe$neKcoB fIC c, ZG, OC *g, *tg (n-4).


OruocureJlbHafl xpoHonoruc yrparbr cna6brx peAyunpoBaHHbrx 14 JI-4 rroKa-3aHa Ha rrpocrpaHcTBeHHo-BpeMeHHofi Ar.rafpaMMe, pnc. 2 (crp. 573).

1.1.3. Bropar Jrenrrrlnfl

B xo.(e BTopofi (u rar Ha3blBaeMofi rperreir) tataranu3a\r4r4 BenrpHbrx (fIB-2)OC *k, *g, *x 6ut:ru, oqeBI,IAHo, (i) nanaranu3oBaHbr, (ii) accvlvnvrpoBanbr r4 (iii)H3MeHeHbI B [epeAHet3bltlHble ([IOC *i, *3, *.f c 6onee rro3AHr,rMr,r, rJraBHbrMo6pa:orra, AeHraJrbHbrMr,r pe$neKcaMr.r) B rpex uo3r,rqurx: (A) uepeA nrc6brM rJrac-

AT4AIEKTHAT AT4OOEPEHUT4ALIIl4flOETIIECnABTHCKOTO t3bIKA 569

\5v

- - \ \ - / -

\ l - - -

- _ _ _ _ : - r

Pr.rcynox 1. Irlsorroccrr JI-4. PeSrexcrr neHllquu OC *g B 3oHax A u B; B 3oHeC nrprrnuue peQnexcu. OC *zg ocratocb KaK ulerenoft + B3pbIBHofi e soHax A

u C. uo He s roHe B.

HbrM trepeAHero prAa, (B) nepea OC *w, rpeArrrecrByroql{M rno6ovry rnacHoMy

rrepeAHero prAa H (C) MexAy BbrcoKHM rJracHbrM nepeAHero ptAa (ra xoropuvr

$axynrrarr.rBHo cneAyer raBTocr{Jrra6u.recxuit *n vIJrv, B HeKoropblx AI,IaJreKTax,*n utvt *r) u Hr{3Kr{M uracHbrM 3aAHero psla. BerrpHrte, oqeBI,IAHo, ocraBaJrl{cb

6es ngveHeHuq B ro3lrrluu (B) B 3araAHocJraBsHcKoM Ir B ro3l{Ilurx (A) u (B) n

ucKoBcKo-HoBropoAcKoM apeane. OC *x rpe6yer AoIIoJrHureJrbHbIx :avte'IaHllfi:(i) OC **r6ruro accu6utupoBaHo s nOC *.f s sauaAHocJIaBtHcKoM n (ii) OC *x

ue 6ulo \arrararrur3rlpoBaHo B rrcKoBcKo-HoBropoAcKoM apeane. Cu. Aaneepas4er 3.


B 6onrrul,IHcrBe JIexI{TcKr{x r3brKoB (nona6cxoM, Karrry6cxov, noJrbcKoM, HoHe B cnoBuucxov) peQrexc rropofi narrararrn3ar\yrvr (lIB-2) OC *g (*S) ocraJrcflB3pbrBHbrM r{ rrpeBparr{ncr n aS$puxary ([IOC *J, no:4nee ful); r BepHycb K3ruM Ar.raJreKraM B pa3Aele I .2.4. B ApyrHX OC auaneKrax *gr 6ut (iv) ocna6-neH Ao nOC *i (tozgwee lz'l um lzl). Moxno rpeArronoxr,rrb $oneruvecKoepa3BHTr{e, [apaJrJreJrbHoe SoHernvecKoMy pa3Blrrr.rrc Apyrr4x leHuqufi, [g] , [g]) [f] , [z].

B an$anurax crapocJlaBrHcKoro r3brKa ecrb orAeJrbHar 6yxna (uarrrnaevax3ero, ycnoBHo uepeAaBaeMar 6yxnofi (S>) .qnq o6ogHaqennr pe$neKcoB OC *gz,

HO tIlICbMeHHbIe IaM-flTHUKI.I CBr,rAeTenbCTBy]OT O CMerrIeHVVt (3)) H (g)), O3HatIa-IOITIeM, qTO B TO BpeMr, KOrAa 3Tr.I [aMrTHr,rKr.r [epeflr4cbrBaJrr.rcb, rrpor4cxoAr{na(i) neHuqLIr pe$nexca OC *gr(tuawrr, *3, *i), unra (ii) ero accra6vrrnrtufl (npe-rIoJIoxrITeJrbHo *f > *i) uru (iii) ero oKoHqarerbHoe cJrr.rrHr4e c crapocl. lzl (*2> z).I42 3Trrx rpex anbrepHarrrBHbrx r{HTeprpera\uit uau6onee BeporrHoit sers-ercc I.IHreprlperallur (ii). (Cyrqecrayer 6oree ro3AHee Heperyn-spHoe ycr{neHr4ez > 3B AHaneKTax 6orrapcKoro, MaKeAoHcKoro H cep6cxoro c3brKa, Koropoe HeHMeer Hr{rrero o6ulero c fI-2, cp. Mupves 1963:140, KoHecxr.r 1965:66-67,Ivit,1958:116 et passim).

(2) Pe$nexcrr OC *gz, *zgr: norr' cx. nodze, crap. roidie ll crosr.rH. n6za, r64e,mj54e, H.-nyx. noze, rozdze, mdzdze, B.-Jryx. noze, (-), qeLu. noze, cr.-qeru.ro[dye, mieidie, cnrlK. noze, mfzga - miz3e, cJroBeH. nbze, ceploxopB. qaK.noz\, (-), rlroK. ndzi. (-), yxp. noz'f, (r{zc'i, misc'i), 6tp. naz'A, (-); llcrapocn. no3d, drqzdd, Supr. nozi, drqzdd.5

B uoruqucx IB-2 \araralrrtoBaHHoe coqeraHr,re OC *rg (*tg) ocralocrcoqeraHl{evr <SpurarusHrrfi * n:prrsHofi> u raM, rle OC *gr6l';.n ocla6leu, nTaM, rAe He 6rtr, cp. (2). 3ro nora3brBaer, qro raM, rAe oH 6rrn ocra6reH,neHIrIIHt rlporeKana uocJre yrparbr 3aKpbrrbrx cJroroB n OC q3brKe r{ Ao rraAeHrrtepoB, TotIHo raK xe, KaK H B cnyqae c peSnexcovr fIB-1. B nosropoAcKo-rrcKoB-cKprx Ar,raneKTax Her pe$nexcos ilB-2 OC coqeranus, *292, Koropoe nosBJrrerctToJrbKo B rIo3HrIlrH (A), Ho Her ocHoBaHHfi upe4uoJrararb Arc grr,rx AHaneKToBrrHyro xpoHonor[rc.

Orcyrcrnue II-2 B HeKoropbrx rracr.sx rexr.rrcKoro apeana Bbr3brBaer p.rrABorrpocoB, K KoropbrM Mbr BepHeMc.rr B pa3Aene 1.2.4.

1.1.4. Tperrr renrqrs

B xoAe \anaralwrcarlun AeHraJrbHrrx (fI[) (i) n:punHbre B OC co.rerawutx *tj

(fIC n nepeA rJracHbrM, IIC KT nepeA rJracHbrM repeAHero pr4a) v *dj (fIC otnepeA rJIacHbrM) 6unu fiarrararru3oBaHbr u (ii) rrafiA ljl 6l';'r. yrpaqeH KaK raKo-r'oir. fl, Ha3brBaro [ocJreAHee H3MeHeHue <Aefioraqprefi>. B oAnov apeane Aefiora-rlr{t, Bo3MoxHo, npon3ollrna B BI,IAe reMlrHawru1 a reMI,IHarbI (*tt, *dA 6rtmrB[OCJreACTBr,rU rtAO4U$Uqr4pOBaHbr TaK, qrO6U yAOBneTBOpr4Tb OrpaHutreHr.re<SpnxarlrsHHft * ssprrnHofi>, orcroAa crapocJraBrHcKr.re u 6orrapcKl.Ie it, id.HoB ApyrHX OC .quareKTax ljl 6sttr, BeporrHo, rrorJrorqes mo6rrM rpeAlrrecrBy-rouIrIM ilaJraralrbHblM, r.e. SoHeruqecKlr ucrre3 KaK cerMeHT nocJle rraJraraJrb-

AI,IAIEKTHA' AI,IOOEPEHUI{ AIJJ4 fl OEtrIECnAB t HCKO f O t3bIKA 571

I 200

1000

l lepexognar 30Ha

,,Y, *'T.Y

Pucynox 2. flpocrpaHcrBeHHo-BpeMeHHar Ar{arpaMMa. OrnocrrreJrbHat xpoHo-Jrorr{r n-4 (1) u rraAeHr.rc epoB (2) n nocroqHbrx reppr,rropuqx o6qecJlaBtHcKoro.

Horo. B uexoropbrx apeanax (iii) pe$rex OC *dj (*Sna) 6rtl ocla6len. larree,B HeKoropblx ALIaneKTax (iv) *frno rrJru xe *kn.u *gn.6rtlu accwlnnnpoBaHblv crrvrlrvrcr c peQneKcaMr{ ru6o nB-l , tru6o fIB-2, cp. ra6n 2.

Tau, rae OC *ina 6un ocra6reu, oH Aan pa3nuqHbre peSnercbl B coqeranvrr4OC *zdj (*tgnn), Koropbre Moryr 6urr coorHeceHbr c r.I3MeHeHrIeM B Souorar-Tr.rKe, Bbr3 BaHHbrM rraAeHr4eM peAyrllrpoBaHHbrx. O6pa: oB aBIUI{ec.fl B pe3ynbrare

AHaJreKTHbre pa3Jrr{quq [o3BoJrrror HaM r{AeHrn$uqupoBarb rrepn$epHfinyro 3oHy(C), rae JI-3 He 6ruo (cep6oxopy. sveta, medA, daida), repexoAHyro :otty (B),r4e pe$nexc *dj 6ur ocra6res nocJre raAeHr{s peAyrlupoBaHublx (npe.qcraBJleH-Hyro cnoBeu. sveia, meja, doijd) H rAepHyFo 3oHy (A), rae JI-3 upou3orxna AoraAeHr.rq peAyqupoBaHubrx (naup. yxp. ceiud, rteucd, i'trcdrcy), cp. ra6n. 2 upuc.3 (Ivi6 1958:62-64, Pauliny 1963:54-55, Mapuyx 1964, Cxynr.tHa 1964:57, BElid1972:41-42, Timberlake 198 1).

Bo ncex OC auaneKrax peQnexcrr OC *zdj (*rgrn), oqeBI,IAHo cJILIJII{cb cpeSnexcarnru OC *zgr.Kax cneAcrBne 3Toro B HeKoropbrx [epexoAHblx apeanax(B) pe$nercu OC *zgr 6rtrru ocra6reubr HaprAy c peSnexcaruu OC *zdj (*zgla)(cv. npuvrepbr B cxo6xax B (l)).

I4urepecHo, rrro caMbre rleHTpanbHbre Ar,ranexrbr, cnoBarlKl,re I{ yKpalrHcKue

3aKapnarcKne, He HMeror cBr,rAerenbcrBa II-3. fittr. o6rqcHeHufl 3Toro $axraMoxHo BbIABLIHyTb cneAylouyto IruIOTe3y: xpoHonoruqecKoe pa3nl'Ique Me)Iqypa3Br.rrueM B qeHTpanbHbrx lr orAaJIeHHbIX apeanax s OC (xax na puc. 1) ue

oTpaxaer rocTerreHHoro pacrpocrpaHeHHr rr3 rIeHTpa UHHOBaTIHH HOBOTO [pOI,I3-HorueHr,rfl, Koropoe, corJracHo craHAaprHoMy crleHapllrc, uepeHuMalracb 6H roso-prqr,rMlr s 6oree orAaneHHbrx Mecrax. BuAnvro, 3To pa3rl{vue.flBrterc.t [pocrope3ynbraroM HepaBHoMepHocrr.r B cKopocrr,r r,r3MeHenr.Ifi, o6u.IHo Ha6moAaeuoftTaM, rAe [rHHOBarIUt BHyTpeHHe MOTr.rBr,rpOBaHa H, CJIeAOBaTeJIbHO, BO3HI,IKaeT

He3aBrlcr.rMo B pa3Hbrx apeanax. Ecnu Ar.raJreKTbr 6runxe K IIeHTpy pa3BI{BaJrHcbtryrb 6rrcrpee, qeM Ha uepnSepuu (cp. Andersen 1989), Moxno 6rtro 6rt oxu-

Ilenrpr 'Y, *7.g

Cenep

llepuQepHr,,g,

",7,g

A. I{eurp: *t, *38 B. flepexo.qHaq 3oHa: *,i, *z!, C. flepu$epnr * 66 '

*zg

B ocro.rHocraBcHcKI,re

Pyccx. meiaddz'z'ik, jii'i'u.E. ddz'3'ik, jei'!'u

Br'p. m'eiddoit

Yxp. meZd, xolrt,

d6!i, jizSu

(Vxp. a. meJa, xoJi)

3aua.{nocraBrHcKHe

Crosuu. mjlezcdeift, guoiJa

flolrcx. miedzadeszcz - didiu heidie

H.-nyx. mjazadejit, Goidmny (ron.)

B.-ryx. mjezadiit, hwiidiu

Veut. mezedeSt', jiiddni

(Crnu. medzaddzd)

[OxHocrasqHcKHe

CroseH. 3aMypcK. t. mijaddit - ddZS(i

Cnosen. mijadii - deijd, jiia

Cep6oxope. midaddid

Cepnoxopn. Cycax. a. mejdddi - daljd, yl1ije


Ta6:ral1a 2. Ilerrwtr{r pe$neKcoB fIC ot, zDI OC *Eng, *zgny G-3)

Aarb, qro B caMoM IIeHTpe tAepHofi 3oHbr, rAe cKopocrb r{3MeHeHr4fi 6rrla 6rrHaI,IBbIcIueft, peSleKcbr OC *tj,*dj 6unH accv6vrrmpoBaHbr paHee, treM rAe-nn6oerrle. B pe3ynbrare 3Aecb rrosBrrJrrrcr SoHolorntrecKr,re oruro3rrrlr{Lr - l3l (< *dj)

: l2 l (<*gz)s rrpeA-cnoBarlKuxAr,rarreKrax, l l l ( r*d): l2 l (< * i r )snpeA-yKpav*-

CKIIX 3aKapuarcKllx AI{aneKTax, Koropble o6pa3oBanr,I oyHKur.roHaJrbHufi 6aprepAnt neHI,IuI4I{, TOrAa KaK B OCTaJTbHOfi rleHTpanbHofi 3OHe A, raX Xe KaK r{ B3oHe B, nenr.rqut rpeAruecrBoBaJra accvr6r4lrsgr4, cp. Andersen 1969:570-71.

AI{AIEKTHAT AI4OOEPEHTII4AUTLAOEIUECIABTHCKO|O .f,3bTKA 573

Pucyuox 3. Irlsorroccu JI-3. Pe$nercu neHl,Iqnu OC*ina B 3oHax A u B; B 3oHeC e:punHrre pe$nexcu. OC *zgn.ocraJrocb KaK uleJlesofi * n:prtnuoft B 3oHaxA n C , H o H e e s o u e B .

1.2 @onoJrorrqecKafl nHTeptrperaq[s

OC neuuqlru Bbr3brBaror prA BolpocoB, Ha Koropbre I{cropI{K t3blKa AoJDKeHrrorrbrrarbcr orBerr.rrb. (i) gevr osu 6rrrr,r Morl{Bl4ponaurt? (ii) floveMy oHu6:r^rtu orpanr.rqeHbr roJrbKo naJraraJrbHbrMr{ H Ben-npHblMrr B3pbIBHuvu? (iii)flover"ry cyulecrByror uepu$epufiuue apeanbr, rAe orcyrcrByer II-4, u neplrQe-pufiuue apeaJrbr, B Koropbrx ne 6rrno II-3? (iv) flo.reMy perynqpHble xon$urypa-rIHr{ KOHUeHTpLrqeCKr,rX r.r3OrnOCC [pepBaHbr B 3a[aAHOM IOXHOCJTaBTHCKOM LI BBocrorrHo-Jrexr{TcKoM, rAe He 6rrro uu II-2, uu JI-3 uttu II-4?


1.2.1. Morunaqus

Jleuuquu rloABepraJrlrcb HeHanprxeHHbre (:noHrue) nrprrnnue. B xoAe raKoroI43MeHeHI{fl Ha HaqaJrbHoM, $oneruuecKoM (4e4yrrunHov) 3Ta[e [poucxoArrr,TJIaBHbIM o6pa:ovr, [ocrerreHHoe coKparrleHrle (no npeveHr.r) $a:rr BbrAepxKHB3pbIBHoro, B KoHetIHoM crlere Aaloqee KoHTeKcryaJrbHbre ululwt c'rvJrucrr4rlecKneBapI,IaHTbI, He rlMeroupre cMbrqxH. Ha [ocneAyrouleM a64yxrueHorvr (SoneMarr{-vecxou) 3Taue raxofi cerMeHT nepeocMbrcr.flercr KaK HeB3prrnuofi, o6uquo HeHa-rpsx(eHHrrfr (rnonxnfi) rorraopranHrrfi, Jrr4rrreHHrrfr rpeuu n (wrru $puxaurnurrfr)ulereeofi Koppenrr npex(Hero B3pbrBuoro, Ho qacro H roMopraHHrrfr couopHrrfr.O6uqno pa3nl,rrrHble B3pbrBHbre noABepralorcr $oueruvecxofi JreHHIIurr B pa3nuq-nofi creneHl,r u B orrpeAeneunofr [ocneAoBareJrbHocrr.r, orpaxan cy6craHrlnanb-Hbre pa3nv,r.vs, u SopvanbHbre orHorxenuc Mex(Ay B3pbrBHbrvra; o6rruHsrfi nopr-AoK BbrrJrr.4ur cneAyrouuv o6paroM: rraJraranrnufi > BenrpHufi > Aesramurrfi> ta6uatrurrfr (uttu rra6uart:.,nufi > AeHTaJrbHrrfr); o raKr{x rapaAr{rMarrrqecKr,rxacnMMerpr{rx cv'. Zabrocki 1951, Andersen 1969:567 , Back 199l:25-36, 66-73.Boree roro, JreHr{rlr4r rrpoucxoAr.rr B o[peAeJreHHbrx no3urlrrrx paHbrrre, qeM BApyrnx, [pLI 3ToM o6rrqHrrfi ropcAoK nosuqufi TaKoB: HaqaJro > KoHeII cJlora,IrHnayr > aHnayr, c AaJlbHefrruupu,t acl{MMerpvsMrl B coqeraHr.rtx coulacHbrx.Mu nepHeMcc K 3roMy yHrrBepcanbHoMy acrreKry renHuufr B pa3Aene I.2.2.

9errtpe OC nenuur.rn coorHocsrcr c HeKoropbrMu ApyrHMH BI4AaMr4 AaHHbIx,rroKa3brBaroqux, rrro B o6ulecraecHcKoM ABa ps,Ia [ryMHbrx, TpaAr.rrlr4oHHo Ha-3brBaeMbrx 3BoHKr.rMr.r u uryxr.{Mr.r, 6ruH SaxruuecKn [porI{BoIIocraBJIeHbI rlo

auS$epeHrlr.ranbHoMy rpr.r3HaKy Harrprxeusrrfi vs. HeHarptxeHHblfi (cv. pa3Aen1.4). CyqecrByer BaxHoe orrnrrue rorutrecKoro ropqAKa MexAV au$SepeH-rlrraJrbHbrMn rrpr,r3HaKaMn 3BoHKocrrr v Ha\pflx(eHHocrlr. B Sonervrar[.Iecxofi3BoHKocrrr orHorrreHue Mex(Ay MapKr,rpoBaHHbrMLr ruyMHbrt.r,,u bdg... Lr HeMapKHpo-BaHHbrMr4 ruyMHbrM14ptk... [pprBarrrBHoe, TaK KaK ono ocHoBbrBaercr Ha r'alrv,r.vrvrvs. orcyrcrBr.rn 3BoHKocrrr: rxyMHbrc bdg... - 3To rrryMuble ptk... c Ao6asreHrreMronoca. C apyrofi cropoHbr, n Souevrarr,rqecKofi uanp-exeHHocrlr orHorueHr,reMexAy AByMr prAaMH rrryMHbrx rpaAyanbHoe, TaK KaK oHo 6a:upyercfl,Ha 6onr-ruefr vs. ueurruefr [poAoJrxl{TeJlbHocrrr rxyMHoro orHocrITeJIbHo coceAHIIx cer-MeHTOB. BCreACrnUe fpaAyaJrbHofo oTHorueHr4r MexAy (rvrapxupoBaHHblMrr) *ta-rprx(eHHbrMr.r (ptk...) lr (uerraapKrrpoBaHHrrvru) HeHarIptxeHHbIMI{ (bdT...) oraorrrro3r,rrluc rracro vo4u$r.rqrapyerc-r rocpeAcrBoM ycnnennfl,IuyMHbIX ptk... (*ta-[plrMep, [pr,rAbrxauuerra) r4nr{ [ocpeAcrBoM Jreur{uurl [ryMHbIX bdg..., v:rvI xe crroMorrlbro Toro r,r Apyforo.

1.2.2. Llepapxnn

Xopouro rr3BecrHbr aprr.rKyJurropnbre [pnrrr.rHbr acr,rMMerpufi, ynolaqHyrblx B pa3-

Aene l.2.L Cnegyer HarroMHr.rrb, rrro raKoro poAa acrlMMerpr4vr flBJrr.rorcs HeToJIbKo ArraxpoHrltrecKl,rMr{, Ho I,I crrHxpoHrrtrecKuMlr. CreAosareJrbHo, sc.sxufipa3, KorAa Bo3Hr{Kananapa rraJraraJrbHbrx B3pbrBHbrx (cnauara *k1 : *gp Aanee*kz'. *gz lr 3areM *frnA : *inl), ycranaBnraBaJrocb HoBoe BapbrrpoBarrre c 6oreexoporxofr BbrAepxKoft n Hena[prxeHHorra (lnonrov) nanaraJlbHoM (*g), vernr ncoorBercrByloqeM BenflpHoM (*g). Bor rorreMy neHl,Iqut OC *g rocrotHHo or-

AI{AnEKTHAT Ar4OOEpEHrIr4AIg.Wfl OETTIECnAB,flHCKO|O .q3brKA 575

craBaila or neHr,rqvv \aIraraJlbHbrx H, B KoHetrHoM cqere, OC *ina 6rtr ocna6-JreH Ha 6onrruefi Teppuropr{r,r, qeM OC *g. JleHuquc pacrpocrpaHr{nacb na Apy-rr{e HeHarrpcxeHHbre B3pbrBHue *b w, *d s HeKoropbrx ceBepo3anaAHLrx cJroBeH-cKr.rx ArraneKrax (RamovS 1936:130, 134). BeporrHo, r4MeJra Mecro HeKoropa-sanno$ounqecKar (ulurtw crr{Jrrrcrrrvecxar) nenr.rquq OC *g B 3oHe C, za npeAe-raMv apeara, B KoropoM oH 6un nepeocMbrcJreH xar $pnxarusHrrfi, r,r Bo3Mox-Ho, TaKXe corJracHux *b v *d, Ho B HaIrIeM pacrropqx(eHlrlr MaJro cBr,rAereJrbcrB3Toro (cp. c.-n.-p. moe6, mo6, noedcm, Kopo6od, Ap.-pyccK. togo, pogostil, ro.-B.-p.xapayod), Bo3MoxHo, no [puqr,rHaM, yrroMrHyrbrM B pa3Aene I.2.3.

1.2.3. Orcyrcrure JIeHruHn n nepnQepnfiHux apearrax

flocre rofo, KaK peAyrlupoBaHHbre 6urur yrpaqeHbr, rpoqecc neHI,rrIHu OC *gnn

u *g npogoJDKaJr nporeKarb B repexoAHbrx apeanax (B), no sBHo ue n uepu$e-pufrHux apeanax (C). Moxuo 6ulo 6u npe4noJroxr.rrb, rrro npuvunofi 3roroflBprilacb nnrepSepeHrlur co cropoHbr aAcrparHbrx unu cy6crparHbrx q3brKoB cITHIIMI{ rIpaBLInaMI{ [poLI3HoIIreHHt. Ho, ro:voxHo, 3To I{Meer orHoIrIeHHe K(unyrpnr3brKoBoMy) ycraHoBJreHr{ro Hefirpanu3a\vr4 B coqeraHr{rx uryMHbrx.KorAa-ro, cKaxeM, lkl u lxl npuo6penu :soHxrae/HeHarrprx(eHHble peanl{3alllru(lkl + tg] - tk] u lxl -+ [v] - [x] coorrercrBeHHo), :ro Morrro Bbr3Barb Karero-pr.ranbHylo r.r4enru$uKarlrto 6oree r.rJrr.r MeHee B3pbrBHbIX peaJll{:aqufi lgl xaxB3pbrBuoro lgl Hnr,r lr1eneBoro lyl w, TaKr{M o6pa:ou, HapynI,ITb nocrerleHurrfi[poqecc ocra6reuus s II-4, Koropbrfi, neporruo, 6ul olocpeAoBaH KaK KoH-TeKcryanbHbrM, TaK H crrrrrvcrr4qecKr4M Bapbr.rpoBaHr,IeM tg]- tv] (a nosuquoHHo

tk]- tx]). Pe:ymraroM 3roro MorJrlr 6rrrr ArraneKrHbre rpaHr.rqrr, o6orHaqeHHblerr3orJroccaMvr g ll y (cp. AAPfl, Kapra 44 u cv'. rpocrpaHcrBeHHo-BpeMeHHyro

Ar.rarpaMMy Ha pwc.2). Mutatis mutandis 3ra rurrore3a Moxer 6urr npI,IMeHeHaraKxe r4 K rpeAnoJloxr.rrerrbHoMy Bapbr.rpoBaHuto tg] - tfl nOC *grt B eroNlcnyqae rpepBaHHas II-3 rana r,r3orJroccy cep6oxopB. rxroK. d ll qax. / Ha loro3a-rraAe rr r{3orJroccy uona6. 3 ll cnHq. z, pa31enqrcu1yrc 3arIaAHbIe I4 IIeHTpaJIbHbIeJrexrrTcKrre Ar.raneKTbr Ha ceBepo-3arraAe.

3ro noxa uau6oree BepoqrHoe o6rqcHeHr{e orcyrcrBrlt JIeHHIIHIT B uepu$e-pufiHrrx apeanax (cp. Andersen 1969:568).

1.2.4. feorpaQuqecKbre HecorJracHocrrr

Kou$r.rryparlz[ KoHrleHTpr,rtrecKr.rx r,r3ourocc, orpax(alorqrax JI-3 u II-4 B Bocroq-HOCJIaBTHCKOM, CnOBaTIKO-qeUrCKOM I4 BepXHenyXUTIKOM, CyI.fr rIO BCeMy OrO6pa-XAIOT HIIITEM HC HAPYUEHHbIE, BHYTPCHHC MOTI,IBI,IPOBAHHbIE N3MEHCHI,TT (PUC. I,

3, cv. no4po6nrtir attatus Andersen 1969:562).8 upornBoroJloxHocrb 3roMy,

ABa apeana BbrAencrorcq KaK reorpa$lruecxue HecorJlacHocrl{ - 3a[aAHufi rcx-HocJraBrHcrufi apeaJr, cxeMarr,rqecKr{ npeAcraBJleHHrtfi na puc. 4, LI BocrorlHo-nexr{TcKr,rfi. apeat, B Koropbrx He [rMeJro Mecro HH oAHo rI3 I{3MeHeHufi Jl-2, II-3ut:la Jl-4 (cp. puc. l, 3, 5).

Orcyrcrnue [apanJreJrrr3Ma B cJroBeHo-xopBarcKnx rl3ouroccax JI-3 u Jl-4TpyAHo o6r.flcur,rrr. BeporrHo, ero cneAyer r{HTepllperl,IpoBarb He rlpocro BcBr3H C Apytr,rMr4 AI/An9IKTHbTMH rpaHHrIaMI,I B 3arraAHOM IOXHOCJTaB'HCKOM, HO

576 XEHHNHT AHNEPCEH

TaKXe B cBt3LI c rlcropl,Iefi crasqHcKr.rx [oceJreHr{fi n grux apeanax. Haupuuep,[pepBaHHat I,I3orJrocca y ll g r CnoBeHrrr,r npu6mrsureJrbHo coorHocr{Tcr c uraB-HbIM AI4aneKTHbIM rlreHeHr,reM cJroBeHcKoro r3brKoBoro apeana (cp. Ramov51937 118 (xapra), 121-31 passim), uo a6comorHo He rcHo, Bo3HprK nu .rarascrrfiyqacroK arofi I{3ouloccbl TaM, rAe oH HaxoAlrrct ceituac, r.rJrl{ oH 6rtl uepeve-tueH B ero HbIHeIrrHee nonox(eHr.re rro [purrr.rHe Murpaqnft, nporexaBrur.rx B cpeA-HI.IC BEKA.

Bocro.IHo-nexl{TcKy}o HecorJracHocrb Jrerqe r.rHTeplperr.rpoBarb. flpex4e ece-ro, oHa Koppen[pyer c Apyrr,rMn, 6oree BaxHbrMr.r OC u:ornoccaMr.r, KoropbreorAen.arcT JlexurcxIrfi or BocrorlHocraBqHcKoro, cJloBallKo-rreuaKoro rr, MeneeOTTIeTII BO, OT IyXUIIKIIX q3bIKOB, Lr KOTOpbIe IIOKa3bIBarOT, IITO B rreprroA IIOCJIenB-1 B JIexI{TcKoM pa3BuBaJrr{cb ero xapaKTepHbre qeprbr, Harrpr.rMep, pa3Jrr{trHbrenpotBneHI,Ir guSroHrI43aIII{H rlo Ha[prxeHHocrrr (cp. pat4et 2), pa3BrlTr,re Ha-3aJIbHbIx gn$rouroB u rJlacHbrx, a raxxe guSroHroB c [JraBHbrMpr. Ho xpove3roro orcyrcrBue II-2, Jl-3 w Jl-4 s rpeA-ronbcKo-Karrry6cxov coorHocr{Tcs. ctBHbIM CBI4AeTeIbCTBOM y}lzlne]H]/lfl rrryMHbrx ptk...B BOCTOTTHO-JTeXHTCKOM: BMe-cro neHl,Iquu luyM:alr'x bdg... Mbr HaxoArrM xapaKTepHoe [oJrbcKo-Karxy6cxoeornyureHHe coHopHbrx nocJre ruyMHbrx ptk....

Taxue $oprvru, KaK roJrbcK. twdj [tfujl 'rnofi', kwiat [kf'at]

'ryyerorc', ufat(< npe4noJlbcK. *upilvat)'Hagelrtrc n' , krzyk [k5yk]

'Kpr.rK', ksiqdz fkSonc] (, rpea-noJIbcK. *knqs) 'cnluleHuvrK', gkrar. pidsek (< nuat. pjdsek 'necox') HaxoArr orpa-xeHl4e B rIaMtrHLIKax rr{cbMeHHocrrr Haqr4Har c 1200-x rr. (Stieber 1958:75-76,Dejna 1973.99-101, 109-1I, lI9-21). 9rH AaHHbre orpaxarcr $oHeuarr{rrecKoelepeocMbIcJIeHLIe [epBoHaqaJrbHbrx coHopHbrx KaK rnyxux $pr,rxarunubrx B rro3r{-III{LI [ocne rnyxoro. B ucropuqecKr4x rpaMMaruKax rpaAr{rluoHHo orMeqaerctToJIbKo 3Tor nocneAHr,rfi srau AaHHoro $onororuqecKoro rr3MeHeHHc. Ho o6uruficnoco6 [porr3Holue:avlfl, xoropufi cAenan Bo3MoxHbrMr.r arra a6gyrrrrBHbre r,rHHo-BaIII{I{ - cHJIbHoe [pr.rAbrxaHr.re [ocJre B3pbrBHbrx ptk... H 3Hatrr,rrerbHaq 3aAepx(-Ka roJloca Bcne4 3a Apyfr.rMr.r rryMHbrl'zla ptk..., AoJDKeH 6rrrr ApeBHee.

HacrolrKo oH ApeBHee, HeBo3MoxHo 3aKJIIoTII{Tb Ha ocHoBanr4r4 tloJlbcKofo.OAuaxo rnyxlle pe$nexcu coHopHbrx B rrerucKoM rr B nyxrrrlKnx r3brKax rroKa3br-Balor, tITo 3Tor cuoco6 [porr3Horlenufl pac[pocrpaHr.rncr Lr AononHr{Jr neHr,rur4roB coceAHl{x o6lacrtx, B Koropbrx II-4 tttta cBor,rM xoAoM rrocJre fla4enns. epoB.Cp. veur. kiiklk\ikl 'xpl.rx', doufati < *douptivati'na1esrbcfl.', Avan. k vam [kfam],shoda [sxoda] (vropaa. [zfioda])

'couaconankre', B.-nyx(. pii [p5i] 'oKoro', tiepat

[tSepa6] 'rprcru', kiiwy [k5ivi]

'xpl.roofi', u.-tryx. pii, tiepai, piawy'upautrfi',tiawa'TpaBa', kiaj'xpaft'. B qerucxou SoneruqecKoe :narir4canne orpaxaer raKoenporr3HorrreHl,Ie Hav.unasc 1300-x rr. (Hanp. prfied, so dobrzie,' KomSrek 1958:70,BElie 197259, Kapra 9). B nyxrruKnx c3brKax SonevraruqecKoe crrr.rsHr{e rrryxrrxnn6panron c Spuxarr,rBHbrMr.r [por,r3orrrJro B HeKoropbrx o6lacrrx roJrbKo B1500-1700 rogu, Ho rnyxne nu6panrbr AoJrxHu 6rrnu crarb orAenbHbrvru Sone-MaMrr no xpafiuefi rraepe co BpeMenr.r naAeHHc peAyrlupoBaHHbrx e 1000-x rr.,KorAa [osBl.rJrr.Icb BTopr{rrHbre coqeraHnfl B3pbrBHbrx ptk... c 3BoHKuv- lrl, cp. B.-nyx. prddk 'ilpe4oK', trdbic 'rpe6onarb', H.-ryx . pfedk 'npegoK', tfebii'vtrcrvrrb' ,proch 'rbulb', krowa 'KopoBa' c [perepneBrrrr4Mr,r Merare3y rrJraBHbIMu 4H$ronra-

Ar{AIEKTHAT AI4OOEPEHUI4AI]J4flOBIIIECnAB'HCKO|O -q3bIKA 577

Pucyuox 4. I4:ouoccu JI-3 Lr Jl-4 B sauaAsofi qacrll loxHocJlaB.flHcKoro.

I4sorrocca 1: IOxHat rpaHI{IIa JreHLIquu OC *g. 2: IOxsas rpaHrlua neHllqnu

OC *ina. 3: Jlenuuus OC *gr.npeAruecrBoBaJla naAeHHrc epoB.

Mrr, [peA-nyx. *piredilkil, *pilroxit ]r r.A. CneAosareJlbHo, anlo$oHuqecKat 3a-

AepxKa roJroca uocne ruyMHbrx ptk...AoJDKHa 6l.;,'r'a yrBepAnTbcf, Ao roro, cp.

FaBke 1974, Timberlake 1985, 1988, KarmuHr 1989.

Tor $axr, qro rrpuAhrxaHr,Ie 3aMeHrrJro JreHr{rlrlrc B BocroqHo-JIexHTcKoM ape-

aJIe, Ho 6rtlo BBeAeHo B KaqecrBe AononHenvs, K neHI{q}Iu B coceAHHX qeurcKoM

r,r JryxrrrlKoM apeanax, yKa3brBaeT Ha To, qTo [pLIAbIxaHHe pac[pocTpaHHJlocb

nrua 6ulo rrepeHeceHo B 3Tr{ apeaJrbr c uoJrbcKl,Ix reppuropufi, nolvoxHo, paHb-

rrre B nyx(trrlKrrft, rge oHo yrBepAlrnocb Ao rIaAeHI,Is peAyIItIpoBaHHbIX, tIeM B

veurcxufr, rAe oHo 3acBrrAereJrbcrBoBaHo [ocJle [aAeHI{fl epoB (cp. IIOC *kri

vamil ) qeur. Ar4an. k vam [kfam], *silgoda ) qelu. shoda [sxoda])'

1.3. Peuouegerupe OC neHuqnu 6unu uHTeprperr{poBaHbl KaK upotBJIeH}It oAHofi crpyK-

rypnofi xapaKrepr.rcrr{Kr,r, upucyuefi OC ssHxy B rlepuoa c fIB-l Ao BpeMeH}I

[ocJre rratrenvrs, peAyrlupoBaHHbrx xpafiuefi Mepe, B HeKoropblx A]IaJreKTax,- Au$$epeHrlr,ranbHoro rrpn3HaKa HarrprxeHHocrl,I, KoropblM olpeAensJlacb

ormo3rrrlr4s ruyMHbre ptk... vs. ruyMnwe bdg.... B apyroM Mecre t rIoKa3aJI, tITo

r{MeHHo Harr,rtrne 3Toro gn$QepeHrlr{aJrbHoro npu3Haxa o6rscHqer rIoJIbcKo-

raury6cxoe rpoAneHr{e rJracHbrx nepeA rrryMHblMu bdg..- H coHopHbIMI,I l't oco6rte

TIIIIbI 3BOHKOCTHOIO CaHAXI{, KOTOpbre Bo3HI,IKJII{ B TIOJIbCKLIX Ll CJIOBaIIKI'IX, a

TaKx(e B yKpar,rHcKtrx I,t ]oxHo-6elopyccKr{x AIraJIeKTax trocJle rIaAeHI{fl epoB

(Andersen 1 969 : 56 9-7 0, 197 0, I 986). O6uree reorpa$nqecKoe pacnpocrpaHeHue

pe3yJrbraroB JreHr.rqnu (puc. 5) npou3BoArlT B[eqarneHl{e cepI4I,I BHyrpeHHe

MorrrBHpoBaHHbrx r,rHHoBarlufi, xoropbre Bo3HnKJILI rloBcroAy B OC csrrxe, Ho

pa3Br,rBaJrr{cb c pa3ru.rHofi cKopocrbro B IIeHTpanbHbIX ra nepuSeprnfinrrx o6la-

cr.flx cJIaBrHcKofi reppuropl,Iu, Bo BpeMt , vr, v.ac^rvlqHo, ttocJle 3KcrraHcvn craBflH.

578 XEHHI4Hf AH,IIEPCEH

flolrcxo-xaruy6cxaq HecorracHocrb .sBrrer co6ofi [opa3rlTeJrbHoe orKJroHe-HI{e or pe3ynbraroB 3Toro o6ulero pa3Br{Tr{r. .{ouycruM, qro ycuneHr{e [ryM-wrtx ptk..., 3acBuAereJrbcrBoBaHHoe 3Aecb, coBMecrnMo c Sonevraru.{ecxofiorlrlo3llquefi uanprxeHHocrr.r, Koropar peKoHcrpyrrpoBaHa 4nr OC. Ho nue-roulufi Mecro [epenoM or neHnrlr{r.r K ycrrnenr{}o trocne JI-l (ro.rHee, B rrpoMe-x(yrKe MexAy IIB-1 u IIB-2) BpsA nr.r BHyrpeHHe MorrrBlrpoBaH. MoxHo upeAno-x(I{Tb HecK oJrbKo o6r-fl cHr{TeJrbHbrx rrrfrore3, rrpeAnonararculnx K oHTaKTbr MexAyrpyruIaMl,I HaceJreHr{{, B r3brxe Koropbrx 6rrmr coBeprrreHHo pa3Hbre cuoco6upeaJrr,r3arlur.r AByx prAoB rrryMHbrx. K sHv Mbr BepHeMc.rr B pae4ene 4.

2.0. O6qecJraBflHcKrre nepexo4u *E > *O

Haur nropofi npnMep - 3To rrepexoAbr *e > *o B BocrorrHocJraBrrHcKoM lr cep6o-nyxnuKoM, a raKxe nepexoAbt *e > *o, *d > *a, *Q > *q s JrexLITcKoM, Koropble tB AanbHefiureu 6yay o6o6ulenno Ha3brBarb repexoAaMlr *E > *O. OnH rpa4n-rlrroHHo crrr4Talorcq nocr-o6ulecnaBtHcKllMrr - tBJreHvrflMr4 B Ircropr.Il{ orAenb-HbIx cJIaBsHcKrrx q3brKoB. flosrovry ux [opa3r.rreJrbHoe cxoAcrBo peAKo rBJurJrocbrrpeAMerov o6cyx4eHrrr (Shevelov 1965.498, Andersen 1978, Lamprecht 1987:r69).

flepexo4vt *E > *O cqr4Tarorcr locr-o6urecransHcKrrMr{ rroroMy, qro oHrrTpaAr{uHoHHo paccMarpr{Barorcr roJrbKo c rorrKlr 3peHrrr ux $onevrarr,rqecKuxrrocJle.qcrntrfi, uanHbIM o6pa:ovt, KaK oHI,I orpaxeHbr B rraMrrHl{Kax [I{cbMeH-Hocrr.r. Ilexurcxne nepexoAbr rrprMo orpaxarcTcr B r.rcrorrHr.rKax 1100-x rr. u,KocBeHHo, B 3ar,rMcrBoBaHucx B rroJrbcxoM s3brKe 800-900-x rr. (Stieber 1958:12-13, 197931-32). O uepexoAax *E > *O n BocrorrHocraBqHcKl4x roBopax cBuAe-TenbcrByror orAenbHbre HanrrcaHrc KaK B roxHbrx reKcrax (Shevelov 1979 151),TaK r{ B ceBepHbrx rraMrrHrrKax nrrcbMeHHocrr.r Hav'r4nas, c 1100-x rr. (3anu3HqK1995:56). Kar vu yBr{ArrM Hr{x(e (pargen 2.1.3), BHyrpeHHnira:aarru3 tloKa3blBaer,rrro B [peAyKpar.rHcKHX Ar{aneKTax MeHa *E > *O Bo3HlrKJIa paHblue, qeM

3aMecrr4TeJrbHoe npoAneHr.re IIOC *, (^ *o) n cJrorax, [peAruecrByloq[x cra6o-My peAyur.rpoBaHHoMy; ro pa3nrlqHbrv coo6paxeHr.rrM Shevelov AarlrpoBan eeHaqanoM 900-x rr. (1979:157,323-30). C 4pyrofi cropoHbr, B pyccKoM s3brKer.r3MeHeHHe *E > *O [epecrano 6rrrr (aKTr,rBHbrM)) ToJrbKo rrocJre orBepAeHutcpeAHepyccK. i z (y 1300-x rr.), Ho Ao orBepAeHnr cpeAHepyccK. c (n 1400-x),a orcroAa d'6iovo, molod'6i, uo molod'ec (@OC socr. rvan. *deievo, *molodeii,*moloditi, cp. Boproscrufi u Kylreqos 1963:130-31). Cronr pa3nuqHble AarblTpyAHo yBr3arb c oAHlrM eAr{HcrBeHHbrM H3MeHeHrreu. Osu [poI.I3BoAqr B[eqar-JIeHI{e HecKoJIbKLIX I,I3MeHeHr,Ifi, Bo3HI,IKIULIX Bo BpeMeHa, KorAa 3arIaAHo- LI Boc-

TOrrHOCIaBqHCKr4e Ar.raJreKTbI B rIenOM pa3BI{BanLICb pa3n[qHbIMI,I nyTtMrI.

Ho ecru paccMorperb r.r3MeHeHr{r *E > *O KaK nocJreAoBarenbHocrl{ (aeayx-rnnurrx) $ oHeuavecKux r,rHHoBarlrr ir u (a6 lyxrunnux) SonertaaruqecKllx [epeI,IH-Tepnperaqrafi, ror4a pa3Hbre SouevaruqecKue peSnexcrr Moryr 6rtrr IroHflTbIKaK pe3yJrbrarbr oAHofi eArrHcrBeHnofi $oHeruvecxofi ITHHoBaII[vI, Koropat,

AoJDKHo 6urr, Bo3Hr,rKJra s OC [epuoA. [eficrnnreJrbHo, 3Ta rrcxoAnar Soneru-r{ecKar r,rHHoBarlut [peA[oJroxr.rTeJrbHo oTHocI{Tcr Ko BpeMeHr,I BO3HI{KHOBeHI,I'anno$oHuqecxofi Bapr,raquu MexAy Aonrr,rMr{ (Hanprxeunuvru) I{ KparKI,Ivu (ue-

" i

Ar{AIEKTHA' AI4OOEPEHIII4 ArJr4 A OE IIIECnAB' HCKO f O t3bIKA 579

/t /

t l l' l lt ll lI t

23

\t .

\

\ \ \\ \ \

1 \I

III

1 \\1II3

ii54

II5

III

4

II

II

Pucyuox 5. I,Isorroccbr II-2, Jl-3 u J7-4 B ceBepHblx uacrtx o6ueclaBtHcKoro.

Irlrouocca l: Jlennuus OC *gr 2, Jlenuqus OC *g2.3: JIeHuqIac OC *Eng.4:

Jleuuqus OC *g. 5: Jlenuquq OC *g upe4urecrBoBaJla raAeHulo epoB. 6: Pe$nex-

cbr neHulluu *EnA orcyrcrByror.

HarrprxeHnuvru) rJracHbrMrr, K orAa pa3Bl,IBanacr fI OC cucreMa rJIacHbIX. Eygyvlt

AeAyKTr,rBnofi, ucxo 1naflr.rHnoBarlnr AoJDKHo 6rtrr 6rua MorIrBIrpoBaHa OC cuc-

revrofi rJracHbIX Toro [epr4oAa, v ecrrr4 3To raK, oHa MofJra, B IpI'IHIII'III0, IIo-

sBurbcc Bo Bcex OC .unaneKTax.Haura 3aAaqa cocronT B ToM, .rro6rr [ocrynupoBarb AeAyKTIIBHO MorI{BlIpo-

BaHHoe rrpaBr.rJro [por,r3Horuenyrfl, rrpeA[onoxl{TeJlbHo vro4u$uqupoBaHHoe B

pa3gbre BpeMeHa, Ho c raKHM BbrxoAHuv, $onernqecKlrM o$Serrov, xaxofi 6rr

cAenan Bo3MoxHbrMr,r cxoAnbre flepeocMbrcJleHlrt peaJlr,I3allnfi uacsblx rrepeA-

Hero ps1a KaK uracHbrx 3aAHero p-rrAa - B pa3nLIvHbIX $ouoloruqecKl'Ix rro3l'I-

rlr4sx - B pa3n[qHoe BpeMc B pa3Hbrx qacrsx IIOC u uocr-OC sguxonblx ape-

AJIOB.

2.1.1. Mnoroo6pa3[e pe3yJrbraron o6qecJraBflHcKoro [peJroMJreHIIfl rJracHblx

.{anafire nonoxr{M B ocHoBy o6lccHeHur 4uSroHrI,I3aIIu}o no HanptxeHHocrll

ncex OC uracHbrx, [pr,rBeAruyro K qeMy-To BpoAe nportxeHHoro rrpoll3HollreH.r4s'

(anu. <drawl>, cp. Sledd 1966, Feagin 198D.6 3ro qsrcercs o6rt'IHofi peanu3a'

quefi o[rro3r,rqu]r no HanpqxeHHocrll/neuprxeHHocrll B cficreMe rJIacHbIX, TaKI'IX,

KaK ra, qro cyurecrBoBarra n IIOC (Andersen 1972:31-32).I4 ero I{MeHHo raKoro

pola $oneru.recKoe r.r3MeHeHHe, Koropoe o6rt.IHo BbI3bIBaer SonerraaruqecKlle

[eper{HTeprrpeTarlun Tvtra upenoMnelJÎ1^fl. rJlacHblx B repMaHcKOM, Cp. flparepM.*hertd, *erpu, ApeBHeaHrt. heart, eorpe, ApeBHeI,Icrr. hiarta, iprp'ceplUe'

'3eMIq'

(Jespersen 1928:94-96, Steponavidius 1987:126-40, Voyles 1992:110, 147). Au$-ToHrLr no Hanp.flxeHHocrtr oco6esno [oABepxeHbl nepel,IHTeprrperar\r4r4, KorAa

580 XEHHI{H| AHNEPCEH

oHI,I [epeAHero ps!.a (raxue, rax IIOC JrexurcK. Anan. *i, *€, *d *Q), r,r oco6ensoguSroHrI,I3LIpoBaHHbIe ulacubre [epeAHero psla (raxue, KaK BocroqHocJr. *f,*r),

y Koropblx Bropaq Sara 4uSronra (cxaxevr, [ea]), upll6nuxaereflr $oprraaHrnoficrpyKrype coorBercrByloqero rJracHoro 3aAHero pfl,Aa ([e"]). fuSroHrr.r raKoropoAa, B Koropblx $oprrraHrnafr crpyKrypa Aenaer Bropyrc $ary 6onee KoMraKr-Hofr, T.e., rro cyrll, 6olee:nyvHofi, qacro nperep[eBaror cABr{r rro rrHTeHcr.rBHo-crrl, tIocJIe llero Bropafl $ara craHoBrrrcc rAepHoit, cp. Andersen 1972:23-24. (BrepMaHI,IcrI{Ke gro rpaAI{rIr{oHHo Ha3brBaercq (stress shift> 'c4Br.rf y4apen:r,r_', cp.Jespersen 1928:94).

fereporeHHocrb raKI,Ix trporrxeHHo [por{3HoctrMbrx rJracHbrx cAenaJra 6u uxr{HTep[perallu]o 3aBLIcI{Mofi or SopMaHTHbrx nepexoAoB or H K rrpr4nerarcurrlMcouracHbIru.T nponnnlocrpupyeM 3To cneAyroqr,rM rrpuMepovr. Ecru HeKorAa,cKa)I(eM, IIOC *teplil 'rerrblfi' rporr3nocvrrce xax [t'Sphi], ro ero 6ulo 6uSoHerraar[yecKrr MHoro3HayHo, KaK B (3).

(3) (i) O6e $asu rJlacHoro MofJII{ 6utrr lcHTeprperupoBaHbr KaK nHrerpaJrbHbreqacrr.r peanH3aur{n lel, r.e. (i.a.) /teph/ unn (i.b.) lt'eplil; unu

(ii) Qaaa [c] MorJra 6rrrr HHreprrperupoBaHa KaK rrepexoA or saepHoro [e]

;ililffIouleMy 6euomsoMy rnacHoMy, r.e. (ii.a) /teplt/ unu (ii.b) /t'e-

(iii) 3iT,'.'il::ilj[*"#"Til1; :il:ffi:l'ffi:',""* r:i: ;:lT'Jph/.

flporrxeHHble rJIacHbIe, BepocrHo, o6uapyxvBarrvflo3r.rrlnoHHoe BapbnpoBaHne,o6ycloeneHHoe HarI4tI[eM r.rnr{ orcyrcrBreM MrrKocrr{ B rrocneAy}ouleM cornac-

Bo3MoxHo, Harrpr.rMep, lel -+ [&] l_C', Ho -) [$] e Apyrux rro3r{rlurx.Taxoe BapbI,IpoBan:ae o6r-scHr,uro 6u, roqeMy $ouevrauarrecKar neperrHTepnpera-qut nportxeHHblx rJIaCHbrX KaK rJracHbrx 3aAHero prAa HI,IKorAa He Bo3HnKaeTrlepeA M'TKITMH corJlacHbrMrr, HO BO3Hr.rKaer [epeA TBepAbrMr4 kr B KoHrIe cJroBa.

Kporrae roro, [portxeHHbre rJracHbre raK)r(e, BepotrHo, Bapbr{poBaJru rro orHo-cI'ITeJrbHofi glurelbHocrll B 3aBrlcr,rMocru or trpocoAuqecKnx ycnonufi. CneAosa-TeJIbHo, onu 6ulIE MeHee rloABepxeHbr rreper{HTeprrperar1nrr B rlo3r,rqurx, rAe r{xAJrlrreJlbHocrb coKpalqaJracb, cKaxeM, n 6e:yAapHoM rroJroxeHrara. PeneBaHT-Hocrb grofi runore3br crauer flcl,l.a B pa3Aene 2.I.3.

B clegyroqux pa3AeJlax Mbr cHaqana paccMorprrM rJIaBHbre BocrorrHocJraBrH-cKI,Ie I,I3orJIocchI, orHocflrrlnecr K Sopl,raurHbrM rrepexoAaM or rrpeArrrecrByloquxcorJlacHbrx (pa:aen 2.1.2) u npocoAr.rqecKrrM ycnoBr,rrM (pa:4en 2.1.3), a 3areMBepHeMct K cxoAHbIM H HeCXOAHbTM pe3ynbTaTaM [penoMneHr{c uracHbrx B 3a-rraAHocJraBrHcKr,rx Ar{aneKTax (parge"rr 2. I .4) .

2.L.2. Po.nr rpeAr[ecrByrou[x corJracnbrx

Ecrr rpll BocroyHocJraBrHcKrrx r{3ouroccbr, Koropbre orpaxaror 3HaqeHr{e Sop-MaHTHbIx nepexoAoB or rrpeAruecrByroulux cornacHbrx Anr r{3MeHeHr,rr * E > * O,cvr. pr,rc. 6.

ilT,TAJIEKTHA' AHOOEPEHIII4ALII4,q OE IqECnAB t HCKO f O t 3bIKA s81

Pucynox 6. flepexo Is *E > *O B ceBepHbrx rlacrsx o6uleclaBsHcKoro. I'I:orloc-

crr l , 2, 3, 5 u 6 cvr. pa3Aenbr 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.2.1. He xaprurpasupoBaHa

r{3oulocca 4, cv.. pa3Aen 2.1.3.

I4:ouocca I ovep.urBaer HecKoJrbKo AectrKoB MaJIeHbKI,Ix apeanon, pal6po-

CaHHbIx ocTpoBKaMu IIo pyccrofi qsrtxosofi TepplITopI'IlI' rAe ne o6napyxeHo

cne.[oB 3Toro rr3MeHeur4g,, vJrvr )Ke ero peSnexcu oKa3blBalorct BTopHtIHo rlpu-

BHeceHHbIMlI, cp. (4), cvr. Opnona 1970:22-28. B ro BpeMc' KaK B -tl:.{ot

pe3ynb-

Tar rr3MeHeHlrr B pyccKoM fl3brKe coorBercrByer anbrepHarllBe (ut) n pa3Aene

2.1.1, 3rH Ar,raneKTbr cnyxar rprrMepoM Apyfrrx anbrepHarran, (i.a) B ceBepo-

pyccKr,rx AHaJreKTax, B Koropbrx He pa3Bl{nocs Soneru'Iecxofi r'anaranrl3ar]:aLr

n.p.A o6qepyccxu.v- lel(cp. KacarKuH lg73,3axapona 1981, flay$ourulr'a 1961,

tlâ:;, r.r (i.b) B AuaJreKrax, B Koropbrx pa3Bl,Inacb rralraranl,I3alluq. fl' se 6yly

uogpo6no ocraHaBJrr{Barbc.rr Ha Bo3MoxHoM Bru.flHuu cy6crparHblx q3bIKoB Ha

o[peAeneHl,Ie 3TI4x anbrepHarl'IB, Ho cM. pa3Aer.2.3'

( b o B

"{ @n ote

o 00

%

lo

a-

--rA b

ob

E

h

&-6

'2

, w:72.773 + + + +

5 - 5 4 r

6 l _ - - _ _ - i

L--"1.


(4) I,Isorrocca l:pyccx. ruail. kl'6n, r'6v, b'er'62a, kot'tnok, i6tud,ll pyccx. kl,on,r' 6v, b'er' oza, kot'onok, i6tud'.8

I4sorrocca 2 o'r$eJlter 6eropyccKr4e H pyccKr,re Ar,raJreKrbr or yKpa[HcKoroapeana. B npe4yxpauHcKux ArlaneKTax naluarbHbre r4 AeHTanbHbre corJracHbre6rJ.tu roJIbKo yMepeHHo ilararaJru3oBaHbr rrepeA nOC *i, cllmutr.v *iucna6rrv*e (flxo6coH Ha3blBaer sro caractire mou ajustd'npwcnoco6neunofi u.srxocrbro',cp. U929) 1962:71-75) w He H3MeHprlrvab n Sonerraarr{qecKr4 MrrKHe cornacHbreB TO3IIIIHI nepeA Nx pe$leKcaMl{. Cre4onareJrbHo, anbrepHarrrBa (iii) 6unaI'IcKJIroqeHa IIocJle ta6uatrlablx I{ AeHTanbHbrx, Ho oHa o6Hapyxr,rBaercq rrocnenaJraraJrbHbrx couracHbrx, cp. (5).

(5) I4sorrocca 2: pyccx. rvar. s'ola, dal'6kij, iondtij, iiokh, i6l, iornijll yxp. sela,dal6kyj, iondtyj, itoka, iiov, iornyj.e

I4:orlocca 3 orAen.ser reppuropr.to pyccKoro r3brKa u 66nrruylo tracrb 6eno-pyccKoro apeana or loxHo6elopyccKnx Ar.raJreKToB H yKpar,rHcKofo, B KoropbrxI'IMeIorcs pa3nI'IrIHbIe pe$lexcu IIOC *, (u *o) s cnlssofi u cnalofi no3rrrllru.flepeg npeAyKp. *d (xax s 6yly o6osna.rarb 3aMecrr.rreJrbHo rpoAneHHrrfi IIOCcunrnrtfi *e) ta6uaJlbHble u AeHTanbHbre corJracHbre 6rrllr cr{JrbHee rraJrara-JrH3oBaHbI (-f,xo6coH Ha3blBaer 3To caract|re mou autonome 'nesas[curv{ofi

MqrKocrbro', loc. cit.), uelr. [epeA rrpeAyKp. *e, ti KorAa MrrKocrb craJra Sone-Marl'IqecKofi, npe4yKp. *A 6ul nepe[HTep[perupoBaH KaK uracH:stfi ta6uaJrr{3o-nasurtfr 3aAHero Psla [epeA HeAr,re3HbrM corJracHbrM, T.e. aJrbrepHaruna (iii)rlpotBrlnacb rIocJIe Bcex corJracHbrx no o6eHv cropoHaM r.r3ouroccrr, cp. (6).

(6) I,Isorrocca 3: pyccx. p'ok, n'bs,n'titis, s'ilo1, itdnka. iir6k.to

ConperraeHHble pe$nexcu [peAyKpar{HcKoro *d uoxa:brBaror, qro B xoAeAeAyKTr.rBnofr nuHoBarlr.rH cr.rJrbHbre n cla6ue Bap[aHTbr [peAyKp. *e u *t (^clrnbHoro *l) 6unn oAI{HaKoBo noABepxeHbr gu$roHrr,r3arluu (cp. iii6k xaxiiokd u ii6v), orKyAa cneAyer, .rro gu$roHru3arlnr_ vMena Mecro paHbrue, qeMalno0orulqecKoe rprc[oco6lenue rpeAyKp. *e x cle4yroqeMy 3a Hr.rM MrrKoMycorJracHoMy (cp. pa3Aen 2.1.1). B ueprao4 ila1elvfl epoB, nocneAHr{fi napuaHrcoBnaJI c rlpeAyKp. *d [epeA MITKLIMII couracHbrrran (<uonrrfi rrr>), Ho nepeATBepAbIMII cornacHbIMI,I peSnexc rpeAyKp. *e ocratcr SoHelaaruqecKu pa3nurr-HbIM or npeAyKp. *d (cp. 4Han. n'iBs so l'iis;crvr. oHru:r_ 1968:225-26, Shevelov1979:302-17). llapanneJlbnble pesrexcu rpeAyKpar.rHcKoro crrnbHoro *e 14cla6oro *e noxalrtBaK)T, uro 4n$roHru3arlur rro Harrprx(eHHocrrr pa3BnBaJracbyxe rorAa, KorAa Haqaracb SoHeruvecrar 4r,r$$epenqnaqur cr,rJrbHbrx r{ cna6uxuracHbrx B coorBercrBr,ru c 3aKoHorra fanm,rxa. crra. HHxe, pa3Aen 2.I.3.

I4gornoccst I n 2 ovepunBalor apeanrbr) Koropbre MoxHo paccMarpr{Barb KaKIleHrpanbHue (A), nepexoAHue (B) u nepusepufiuue (C). B uepnsepnfiHux ape-aJrax (C) He orMetleHo Qaxron, cBr.rAerenbcrByrcrqux o 4usronrr{3arlr{r,r rroHarlprxeHHocrr.r (anrrepnarr.rBbr (i.a) n (i.b), a B 3oHax A n B raxue $arrurrMelorct. B soHe A $onerraarr,rqecKar Sara [epexoAa *E > *O 6rrna orpaHrrqeHa,

AI,TAIEKTHA' AI4OOEPEHIII4 ArJWfl OEIIIECnAB-flHCKO|O,tI3bIKA 583

[oroMy rrro na6uaJrbHble rr AeHTaJrbHbre He cranrrr QonevrarllqecKu MIrKI'IMI4

lepeA peSlexcavru OC cla6oro *e,' 3Aec_tr [potBl,Inacb anbrepHarllBbl (ii.a)

(ninp. yxp. thpty) u (iii) (uaup. 3t6ky, n'frs, ifiA\. B nepexoAttofi 3oHe B He

6rrno raKoro orpaHuqeHr,rr, 3Aecr o6Hapy)I(HBaerct roJIbKo anbrepHarnna (iii)

(uanp. pyccx. t'6plyj, ii6k| n'6s, iiol).

2.1.3. Po.ur [pocoA[qecKnx rpr3naKoB

I4sorrocc a4 or1etcer roro-3anaAHbre yKpaI4HcKI,Ie AI,IaJIeKrrr c pe$neKcaMr{ [pe-

noMJreHr{c upeAyKp. *e- nocle ta6uatrsbrx H AeHTaJIbHbIx He3aBI{cI{Mo or Mecra

yAapeHr,rr or yKpar,rHcxr,rx u roxno6enopyccKrx !'luâneKToB, Koropble IrMelor

raKr{e pe$nexcrr roJrbKo n clonoSopMax, rAe IrpeAyKp. *a 6ul npe4yAapHblM

(ustu (Heoaxyronuvr>>), cp. (7).

(7) I,Isorrocca 4: (a) yKp. ro.-3a il. Auan. m',fra, Ufrn, t'tfrt, n'frt, ii6nka, ihiAk,

ll (6) cen. r1arr. med, klen, t'tfrt, n',fit, ii6nka, itiDk; tur. med, klen, sil, n'is,

iinka, iiik.ll

Apealg, oqeprreHHbre u3orJroccofi 4, cnu4erenbcrBylor o6 nuuoBalllru c He-

y.tu"o"nesHofi Aarr,rpoBKofi: sAecr coBrIaJII4 upeAyKpauscxt'tfi cluurrfi *d u *e

t *E (7a), qeM 3Tr apeanbr orruqarcTcr or oKpyxarcull4x apeaJroB, B Koropblx

orpaxeHbr 6olee ApeBHr,re IIOC ycnoBrrr (76). ParnnqHble pe$nexcu rJIacHbIx

B [peAyAapnofi r,r B Apyrrrx aKUeHTHbrx rro3lrlll{cx xopouo I'I3BecrHbI B cnoBaU-

KoM rr rloJrbcKoM, fAe pa3nuqur e pe$nexcax, o6ycJIoBJIeHHbIe [pocoAu'Iecrofr

MOAenbIO CJIOBa, He OIpaHHrIeHbr 3aMecTHTeJIbHO IIpOAIeHHbIMI4 UIaCHbIMH, CP'

rroJlbcK. broda, glowa (6ery4apHble ocHoBbI, a.rl. c), droga, kloda (ygapHue ocHo-

Bbr, a.rr. a) vs. bruzda, dloto (npe4yaapHble I,I HeoaKyroBble ocHoBbI, a.t. b), ana-

JrorurlHo rqka, piqt (6ezyAapHble ocHonrt), mgka, pQp SI.apHbIe ocHonrt) vs'

mqka, rqk, piqty, (upe4ygapHble ocuonu), a raKxe nos, lot (6e:ylapnue ocuonu)

vs. niosl, pl6tl, cnot (npeAyAapHble ocnoru).

Buecre B3rrbre, HAeHTutrHar Koppe nfllqJ/.s, 3aMecrl{TeJlbHoro rIpoAneHI'It c

lpeAyAapuofi uornqllefi B yKpaEHcKoM H B IIoJIbcKoM H B cJIoBaIIKoM u $axr,rrro 3TI,I TpLI c3bIKoBbIx apeana cMexHble MexAy co6ofi, HaBoAsr Ha MbIcJIb' tITo

coorBercrByroulr4e rleHTpaJrbnue o6UecJIaBtHcKI{e A}IaJIeKTII I'IMeJrI{ oqeHb cxoA-

Hbre [pocoAuqecKr,Ie MoAeJrrr cJroBa, B KOTOpbIX, B AByCJIOXHbIX CJTOBaX, [peAy-

AapHbre cJrorg npog3Hocvrtrcb c 6olrurefi ornocurenrnofi AJrl'ITenbHocrbro, qeM

Apyrue 6e:yaapnbre r.r yAapHbre cJrofn (Andersen 1998). B yrpatlucKoM 3ro

pa3nuque IIo AnLIreJIbHocrLI Ha6nroAaercc B pe$lexcax [peAyKp. *e, BepotrHo'

.rotory, .rro 6onbrrrar AnrrreJrbHocrb, Koropat [pl{AaBanacb npeAyAapnofr no3l4-

quu, AeJraJra 3aMecrr,rreJrLHo npoAneHHble 4u$ronru 6olee [oABepxeHHbIMI{

$oHelraru'recxofi reper,rHrepnperaqur{, qeM 4u$ronru B ApytHX npocoAI4tIecKI'IX

,r6tr"U""x. fIpoCOAHqecKaq MoAeJIb, ynoMcHyTac 3Aecb, AoJII(HO 6Htr, ycTaHO-

Br4Jracb B AuaJreKrax OC t3brKa paubrue, qeM pa3Bvrrr4e HoBbIx AoJrrI'IX rJracHbIX

rryreM crcxeHur; oHa 6rrla $arrnvecKr.r pa3MbITa, KorAa B pe3ynbrare cr-flxe-

HLI' IIOflBI{JIIICb HOBbIe AOnfI{e fJracHble Bo BctKI{X IIO3I',IqlIflX, A He TOJIbKO B

rrpeAyAapH oM rlo JIox(eHrII'I .


I'Igorrocca 5 npoxoAl,Ir vepe3 Eerapycr lr orAenrer Ar.raneKrbr co cBr4Aerenb-CTBaMI'I llpenoMne}Jufl rJlacHbrx B rIo3HIIr.rr4 KOHIIa CJTOBa OT Ar,raneKToB, He I,IMe-IOITIHX TaKI{x cBl{AereJlbcrs. K [pl,rMepaM orHocrrcr cyulecrBr{TeJrbHbre cpeAHeropoAa' oKaHquBaroullrect na fIOC *-e, oguaxo lol B rJraroJrbHoM oKoHqaHur,rIIOC *-te'2 r., MH.y.' tBJrter co6ofi oco6euuo y6e4nrenbHoe noATBep)KAeHr{enepexoAa *E | *O, T.K. rJlacHrtfi ororo oKoHqaHHr HHKorAa He [oABepranccaHaroruqHoMy sosAeficrBr.rrc co cropoHbr annoMopSon c lol, cp. (ga). Ora u:o_rJlocca I{Meer coorBercrBrre, Koropoe orAenrer cep6onyxuuxufi or rroJrbcKoror{ ocraJrbHbrx nex[TcKr{x AuaneKTon, cp. (86).

(8) I,Isouocca 5:(a) '::;; ,::::?,,;"'; ;?i" f,izl:*i f*'io;f{io,i!!,,i :::,: I"i; ilti rl:::!;c't, yxp. Iyc6, mojt, neset6, hl'adyt6.

(6) H.-nyx. lico, zboio, bu1o, buio,io ll nonscx. lice, zboie, bqdzie, bqdziecie.t2

3ra upepBaHHat I{3ornocca oqeptruBaer 6olrurofr lexurcxuft u rcxnrrfi Bocrorr-HocnaBcHcxufr apeaJ\ B Koroporra SoHevarnqecKoro rrpenoMJreHur IIOC *e sKoHue cJIoBa ne 6luo, HH B yAapHoM, HH n 6e:yAapHoM [oJrox(eHnu. Kaxercr,tITo 3ror apean BKrloqeH B qyrb 66nruryro o6lacrr (oxnaruaaroqyro [peA-cno-BaIIKo-rIeurcKHe AHaneKTbI). r xoropofi nce (ncrouuo gonrue) Harrpr)KeHHbreulacHble B I(oHIIe cJroBa Aanv KparKr{e pe$nexcu, lu6o c yAapeHprevr (6rrnunrr laKyroBbIM), nu6o 6e: ygapeHnq. Mrr He MoxeM 3Harb HaBepH.f,Ka, BKJrroq ara rusra o6lacrb qacrn BocrotlHocJraBsHcKoro apeana. Ho coorHotrreHr,Ie MexAy r{3o-uoccofi 5a (yxp. lycd ll 6tp. l'ico, pyccK. l'ico) 14 r{3orJroccofi 56 (n.-ryx. lico llrIoJIbcK. lice) lr'oxer, 6erycJloBHo, 6rrrr BocrrplrHrra KaK yKa3aHr,re Ha 3To.

MrI sHaeM, qro B rlo3AHeo6ulecrascHcKoM 6uro o6qee (cHavara anno$our,r-vecxoe) coKpaIrIeHHe KoHeqHbrx uracHbrx, Koropoe [opoAr{no SonevaruqecKoecoKpalrleHue (ucxoHHo AoJITLIx) HanprxeHHbrx rJracHbrx B KoHrIe cJroBa, a raKxe,B KoHue KoHuoB, yrpary KoHerrHbrx HeHarrprxeHHbrx BbrcoKr.rx (peayquponannrrx)rJIacHbIX B rlpoqecce ra.qeHnr epoB (cp. Andersen 1998). Irl:ouocca 5 KacaerctHeHa[ptxeHHbIX HLI3KI{x rJracHbrx B KoHrIe cJroBa. Kaxercc BrroJrHe pe3oHHbrMrIpLIIIucarb orcyrcrBne 3Aecb npenoMnervrfl (HeHauprxeHHoro Hurxoro) *e sce-o6qevy coKpauleHllto KoHetrHbrx uracHbrx, HecoMHeHHo, rrpoAyxry rofi xe pur-vtu'Iecxofi MoAenH loegueo6luecnaBrHcKoro [pocoAr.rqecKoro cJroBa, KoropatrroApa3yMeBaercc 3aKoHoM faarr.rxa.

2.1.4. O6cyx4eHne

KorAa BocrorlHocJlaBtHcKr.re nepexo gst * E > *O pacxJraAbrBarorcr Ha rrocneAoBa-TeJrbHocrr,r AeAyKTHBHrTX W. a6gyxrnBHbrx r,rHHoBarl[fi, ora:uaaercfl,, vro $oue-MaTI{qecKIre [epellHTeprlpeTaquH peSneKcoB *l u *e KaK rJracHbrx 3aAHero prAaBHyrpeHHe cBt3aHbI c pa3BHTr.reM Soueuaru.recrofi Aue3Hocru (parger 2.1.2),TorAa KaK Apyr[e 4Hcrpu6yrr,rBnbre orpaHuqeHvts, B KoHerrHoM cqere, orpax(arorlpocoAl'IqecKl{e ycnoBl{s (alno$oHuvecxofi) AJrrrrenbHocrtr uracHbrx s 6oreeor4areuurrfr rcropnqecxufi reprloA (2.I.3). l4z-za orHocureJrbHo cKyAHbrxcneAoB OC xonuqecrBa rJIacHbIx B BocrotrHocJraBrHcKr{x r3brKax xopouo r{3Becr-

AI4AIEKTHAT Ar4OOEPEHUr4Ar\r4f,OErrIECIAB-qHCKO|O t3bIKA 585

Hbre orpaHI,IqeHI4s Ha u3MeHeHHq *E > *O, paccMorpeHHble B pa3Aene 2.I.3, ne

rloAAarorct LlHTeplperaurr[ B Bocror{HocnaBgHcKoM. Ho eclu [puHcrb Bo BHI4-

MaHr.re oqeBuAHyro Koppenrrlr{ro MexAy 3Tr{Mr.r AerantMLI I4 pa3BI,ITI,Ieu o6ulecla-

BCHCKOTO KOJIHqeCTBa B COCeAHHX CJIaBSHCKT{X C3bIKaX, 3TH OfpaHHqeHI,'g, HA

[epexoA * E > * O Moryr 6rrrr HHreprperr{poBaHbl KaK AorIoJIHureJrbHoe y6e4u-

TeJrbHoe AoKa3areJrbcrBo HenpepbrBHocrlr Bo BpeMeHI,I rr [pocrpaHcrBe o6qecna-

BTHCKUX Ar{aJIeKTOB.

2.2.1. Jlexnrcnnfi

I4rouocca 6 orAelrer Jrexrrrcxnfi or oKpyxaloul[x ceBepHocraBcHcKLIX t3bIKoB.

B cep6onyxtrrlKoM r,r BocrorrHocnaBrHcKoM npenoMneHl{e 6rtlo rrcKJr}oqeHo

lepeA cneAylotqr.rM MrrKrlM corJracHbrM. B rexnrcKoM oHo 6rtlo plcKJrloqeHo,

KpoMe roro, [epeA cneAy]ouuu na1uaJrbHbrM prlrv BerflpHbIM cornacHblM, cp.

(e).(9) I,Isorrocca 6: H.-lyx. mjod, iona, ioply, daloki, lohki ll norltcK. miod, iona,

tepti, daleki, tekki ll pyccx. m'od, ionka, t'6plij, dal'6kii, t'ogkij.t3

B nporrano[oJro)r(Hocrb, n o6rqevr, napannenbHblM pe3yJrbraraM rlpenoMJleHrrt

n cep6onyxnrlKoM u 6oluuofr .racru BocroqHocJlaBtHcKoro, Jlex[rcxufr apean

rpeAcraBr-fler co6ofi ropa3uTeJrbnyro reorpa$uqecKylo HecornacHocrb. Osa oco-

6euno [opa3r4TeJrbHa, rrocKoJrbKy oHa r{Aer Bpa3pe3 c o6urnvw rns IIeHTpanbHo-

cJraBrHcKrrx I'uaneKToB [pocoAuqecKnMr,r ycnoBHcMH, y[oMcHyTbIMLI B pa3Aene

2.1.3. Ho eqe 6olee ruo6ouurHo ro, rITo 3To reorpa$uqecKoe HcKrloqeHI' Ie

coorBercrByer HecorJracHocrLI B rrocneAoBareJrbHocrLl JIeH[IIufi, ycraHosreHHofi

B pa3Aene I .2 .4 .

2.2.2. @ononoruqecKafl HHTep[peraqufl

Cavro no ce6e, oAHaK o, JIexI.ITcK oe of paHr4 rreHue S onevraruqecK of o IlpenoMn ewvrfl,

AoBonbHo JrerKo [oHcrb r.r, B orJrurrr.re or ycr,IneHnt corJlacHbIx (pa:gen 1.3), oHo

He rpe6yer ccbrJrKn Ha uurepQepeHur.rrc co cropoHbl I,IHIIX c3bIKoBbIX HopM I4

CI,ICTCM.

Ovenu4uo gu$ronrH no HanpsxeHHocrlr 6rrrm $ ouerraaurqecKrr [epeuHTepnpe-

TupoBaHbr KaK cAepHsrfi uacnufi uepegHero pflAa + repexoAsufi rnacnufr laA-

Hero psgLa repeA couracHbrMn Hr{3Kofi rouarsHocrl{ ([t'ecpln] = it'eplirl, arr:"-

repHarl,IBa (ii.b)), I,I KaK rlepexoAHrtfr rnacHufi nepegHero Pfl!.a * rAepurtfr uac-

srrfr raAuero prAa rrepeA corJracHbrMr4 Bbrcoxoft rosaJlbHocrl{, AeHTaJIbHbIMI{([Zecna] = lilonal, anbrepHarrlBa (iii)). I4srrrralr cJIoBaMLI, $onerraaruqecKl,Ie repe-

r4HTep[perarlu[ 4uSroHroB rro HarrpqxeHHocrll 3Aecb, B JIexLITcKovt, 6rtrul o6y-

cJroBJreubr ocHoBHbrM Arl$$epeHur4anbHblM rpLI3HaKoM roHaJlbHocrlr (nucoxuft

vs. Hrr3KHir), u roJrbKo Ao[onHlrreJrbHo, [epeA BbIcoKtIM (AeHranrHuvr) corJlac-

HbrM, BTopurrHbrM Alr$OepeHrlr{anbHbrM rrpr{3HaKoM ALIe3Hocruluelue3Hocrll.Kpolae roro, JrexI,ITcKoe rr3MeHeHue BKrlotlano dloHeMarl,ItlecKyro [epeuHTep-

[peTarln]o raK)r(e nOC *d u *Q (u, no:uoxHo, *l), orcroAa [oJlbcx. las, so xleb,

ifieg w xaury6cx. tiqs, tfqsla, uo tfisc, tiese (o6aop rpuMepoB cM. Stieber 1958:

t2-13,19-20).

586 XEHHI,IH| AHNEPCEH

14 cerruesrHble ycJIoBLIfl, LI cocraB rJracHbrx, Koropbre rroABeprnr,rcr SoueMarrr-rlecKoMy IIpenoMneHI,IIo B JIeXI4TCKOM, yKa3bIBaIOT Ha TO, IITO 3TO H3MeHeHI{eBO3HLIKJIO Ha paHHeit cra!'tr't pa3Br{Tr4r OC q:rrxa, B To BpeM-s, KorAa ocHosHofirIpLI3HaK ToHaJIbHocru (aucornfr vs. Hra:xuft) 6rrl erqe 6olee 3aMerHbrrra (nepuen-TI{BHO ulunu KorHHTuBuo), ueu Aue3Hocrb, H Ao roro, KaK pa3Br4Tue KaqecrBeH-HbIx pa3nu\uir MexAy AonrI,IMI{ (Haupxxeunuvru) r,r KparKr.rrrau (ueHarpcxeH-nrrvrz) rJIacHbIMIr He [poABnHynocb oqeHb AaneKo. CpanHHre BocrorrHocJraBrH-cKoe I,I3MeHeHI4e, rAe eAI{HcrBeHHbrM o6ycnour{Baroulr,rM Saxropovr B cneAy-IorUeM corJlacHou 6ul gu$$epeHllnaJrbHbrfi npneuaK Ar{e3Hoc"tyt, v r4e $onervra-TI{qecKoMy [penoMJIeHI,IIO rroABepfnr4cb roJrbKo HeHarrprxeHHbre rJracHbre [epeA-Hero pflAa (uanp. [peAyKp. *f, *A, *r), u HarrprxenHbre rJracHbre nepeAHero pflAa,rro-Br4Ar,rMoMy, uet. l4

C ro'IxH 3peHI,It orHocrlTenrHofi xpoHonorLrw ora r,rHTep[perarlr{r [oAAepxu-Baerct HecKoJIbKITMI{ Aera lrsl.r'r4 B JIexr{TcKoM Ir3MeHeHr4r{, Koropbre, c oAnoficropoubl, noKa3blBaror, tITo KorAa SoHervrarl4rrecxoe [penoMneur{e Harrarocb B(4r.rQroHrll3l,IpoBaHurrx) OC */', *l s socrorrHoJrexrlTcKoM, MrrKocrb eule Hepa3Bllnacb Bo Bcex rpeArrrecrByrorrlux couracHbrx (cp. (10a-6)), H, c 4pyrofrcropoHbl, tITo B 3anaAHoJlexr4TcKorra (nona6cxovr) paHHsr rfouevaruqecKar [epe-HHreprperalq:as. nOC *d, *q 6l.;rrra o6ycnoueHa B rrepBylo oqepeAb HnsxofiToHaJrbHocrblo I{ AorronHr.rreJrbHo - Ar.re3Hocrb}o (rovuo KaK B rroJrbcKo-raruy6-cxovt), cp. (1n), uo 6oree [o3AHcc $oHeuaruqecKaq repenHrepnperarlrrc nOC*, (pt *o) 6lr'ta o6ycnonneHa roJrbKo Aue3Hocrrro/ueAne3Hocrbro, cp. (1a), crta.Timberlake 1992.

(10) flpelonaneHr4e r,TacHr,rx B JrexurcKoM(a) Bocr.-nex. */'.'norrcr. Ma3oB. A:zân. iolna, polny, rhollll noJrbcK. nur. vel-

na, pelny, mell;(6) Bocr.-JIex. +1.' xanry6 . ciardi, iiarti, zarhar, car, po3arti ll nonrcx. twardy,

czwarty, mort\yy, tarl, podarty;(s) 3ar.-Jrex. *d: nota1crc. l'otti, ioter - vd vetra, sneg, slepe;(a) 3an.-rtex. +e: nonalctc led, metle, zene - zine, ceset - cisa, teplti, miJa,

pic, r iseta. l5

2.3. Perrorvre

flpe4upHHtroe 3Aecb paccMorpeHr{e o6ulecranrHcKnx rrepexoAos *E > *O noxa-3aJIO, qTO, KOfAa 3TI{ II3MeHeHLrs paCKnaAbIBaIOTCfl. HA IIOCIeAOBaTeJIbHOCTLI

AeAyKTI.IBHbIX H a64yrrHnHbrx riHHonaqufi, oHr.r Moryr 6rrrr cBeAeHbr x oAHofi

eAl4HcrBesuofi SoHeruvecKofi rrHHoBaur4r4, crpyKTypHo Morr,rBrrpoBaHHofi co Bpe-

MeHLI KoJrllqecrseHuoft au$$epeHrlnarlr4r,r OC lonrvx pr KparKr{x rJracHbrx KaK[ap, cocro-x]oux H3 Ha[pqxeHHoro I,r HeHauptx(eHHofo ulacHofo. 3ra I,IHHoBa-qus flopo A]r.na gusrouru IIo Ha[pcx(eHHocTrr, oqeBr{AHo, paHbrue Bcero B Boc-TorrHo-nexl4TcKoM, a oHrr 6umr Sonevtarr4qecKr,I fleper{HTepnperrrpoBaHbr B IIeH-TpanbHbIX I{ IreprrSepufrnrrx Ar{aneKTax B pa3Hoe BpeMs B rrpeAenax oqeHbIullpoKoro BpeMeHHoro Ar,rarra3oHa - B JrexHTcKoM oT MoMeHTa pa3BlrTprr [ep-

IIeTITITBHO 3aMeTHOfr Arre3HOCTr.r COfJraCHbrX, B pyCCKr4X Ar.raJreKTaX, 3aCBI4AeTeJIb-CTBOBaHHbIX B naMflTHrrKaX nUCbMeHHOCTLT B CpeAHr.re BeKa, H BIIJIOTb AO HaCTO-

AT4AIEKTHAT Ar{OOEpEHrIr4ArJr/lfl,OErqECnAB.flHCKOfO t3bIKA 587

qIIIero BpeMeHr{, egrrv MoxHo TaK uHTepnpeTupoBaTb AaHHbIe apxaplqHblx Ar(a-

rreKroB pyccKoro q3blKa (flay$ouuvra 1983).

,.{re ur r,I3ourocc, Koropble 3Aecb o6cyx4anucb, oKa3blBarorcfl HecouIacHbIM}I.

OAna ri3 Hr,rx, u3orJlocca 1, uponoAI,IT rpaHuuy MexAy MaccLIBoM pyccKl'Ix rna-

JreKToB c rrpenoMJreHueM n par6pocaHHbrMr{ pyccKI{MH AuaneKTavru, 6el raKo-

Boro cBnAerenbcrBa. Tar xax r{3ourocca I ovepvllBaer ocrpoBKl4 e uepllQepuir-

Hbrx qacrsx Poccull, 6rrlo 6u peronHo [peArIoJIox(HTb, rITo orcyrcrBl4e rlpenoM-

JreHrlr o6ssauo BruqHr,rlo cy6crparHbrx r3bIKoB KorAa-To B [pounoM. Taxoe

BJurrHue MorJro cocrorrb [pocro B yrpare MeJIKITX anno$onuqecKux Aeralefi

4u$ronrr.r3rrpoBaHHbrx rJracHbrx, 6er xor opbrx BctK as rrepellHTeprlperaqvr. t lrac-

Hbrx [epeAHero psla KaK 3aAHero pcAa oKa3aJracb HeBo3Moxuofi.

flpyrar r,r3orJrocca, H3orJrocca 6, oqepqr,rBaer JIexI,ITcKue AHaneKTbI o6rqecla-

BcHcKoro, Koropbre ncrrbrraJrr{ $ouerraaruqecKoe IrpenoMneHrre B IrHbIx ycJroBrrtx,

rreM oKpyxarculue ux cep6oJryxnrlKr{e r.r BocrotlHocraBcHcKne AIraJIeKTbI. 3ra

o6lacrr npn6nutureJrbHo coBrraAaer c tofi, B Koropofr cepr,Ix lennqufi 6ula

Hapy[reHa (paraen 1), u rrooroMy r{ 3Aecb Bo3HI{Kaer Borlpoc o cy6crparHoM

Bnr,rsHlru. OAnaxo $oHororutrecKar r.rHTeprrpe^rar\vs H3ornoccrt 6 nora3blBaer,qTo oHa oTpaxaeT pa3Hr.rqy B orIeHKe [pr.r3HaKoB ToHaJIbHOCTI{ B pa3HbIX CTa-

rr4flx pa3BuTr.rq Ar4e3Hocru s o6uecJraBrHcKoM. A ecrul Ir3orJloccy 6 voxHo

o6lqcHprrb rrpocrofi parHr,rqefi s orHocr{TeJrbHofi xpoHonornl{ QoHolorntlecKuxparourufi o6rqecnasrHcKr4x Ar.raneKToB rro o6e cropoHbl I,I3orlroccbl, To Her

ueo6xoAlrMocrl{ I{cKarb BHeIIrHroto [puquHy.

3.0. Bropac fiararaJlr3aurr BeJrflpHblx

Haur [ocneAHr,rfr npuuep - 3To raK Ha3brBaeMat BTopas I{ Tperbt \aJraraIrvr3a-

rrr{r BenrpHbrx (nB-2 n IIB-3). 3ro nsrureHeHlle 6rtno rpeAMerov 6olruroro qu-

cna AucKyccuit Ha [porcxeHr4e Bcefo 20-ro croJlerus, rlacro Aaxe AoBonbHo

oxIrBJIeHHofi uoleMI,IKH. HesorMoxHo o6lccHI,ITb, [oqeMy 3To I,I3MeHeHI,Ie raK

TpyAHo 6rrlo froHflTb, 6es aHarr.r3a HeAoparyuenufi, Koropble trocroflHHo 3aIIy-

TbrBaJrH r.r 3areMHcru [oAnr.rHHbre Bo[pocbl LIHTepIIperauHI{. 3Aecr He Mecro Anq

TaKoro ananr43a. Buecro 3Toro r ocraHoBJrlocb Ha TJIaBHrIX [puquHax roro,

roqeMy nB-2 r,r IIB-3 AoJrxHbr 6urr paccMorpeHbl KaK qacrll eAlrHoro Qonolo-

rr.rqecKoro pa3BHTHr (pa:gen 3.1), aaree c paccMorplo rJIaBHbIe rl{rloJloruqecKue

rrpeAIIocbIJrKI,I HHreprperaqllu (pas4en 3.2) u 3areM uepefigy x o6tqcHeHuto

r{3MeHeHlrr (3.3); 3aKJrroqurenbHbre 3aMeqaHLIt coAepxarcc B parAene 3.4.

Tpu noruquu, B Koropbrx BencpHbre H3MeH-f,rorcc B xoAe flB-2, s AamHefirrreM

6ylyr o6osHa.rarbcc creAyroulr{M o6patov: fIB-2e - repeA mo6rtrvl rJracHbIM

nepeAner o pflAa, nB-2g - repeA OC *w, upeAluecrBytoql{M mo6ovry rnacHoMy

repeAHero prAa, ra fIB-2c - MexAy BbrcoKHM rJIacHbIM rlepeAHero prAa (sa

KoropbrM Saxynrrarr,rBHo cneAyer OC *n, B HeKoropblx AI{aneKTax *n ntu *r)

I,I HH3KtrM fJIacHbIM 3aAHero pflla. Pa.qu KparKocrl{, AoBoJIbHo MHofLIe Aeranl{

6yayr o[yuleHbr, B qacrHocrtr Bce, qro Kacaerc-fl vrop$oHoJlorl4qecKl4x pe3ynb-

TaroB 3Toro r{3MeHeHr,rfl vr nx 6olee [o3AHLIX pa:noo6pa3Hblx vrogu0uxauprft.

XEHHI4HT AHNEPCEH

3.1. EruncrBo IIB-2mc

Han6onee oqeBuAHat rpuqr{Ha BKJrrotreHr,rr nB-3 (rax IIB-2c) y fIB-2 - 3roror Saxr, qro $ouonorllqecxue pe$rercu fIB-2c r,rAeHTr,rqHu peQnexcarnr fIB-21.n era I{AeHTI.rtIHocrb oxBarbrBaer Bce Aeranr{, KaK pa3nr.rrrHbre pe$nercrr fICx (OC **zxnc ) nOC 3a[. AI{an. *.i ll Bocr. I{ rox(H. A:aan. *i),

" r{AeHTr,rr{Hbre

peSrexcrr fIC c - u raM, rAe OC *g2 6:.;^r. ocla6les , w raM,) rAe Her (cp. pas-.qen 1.1.3). 3a sruvl paccyxAeHneM ecrb HMrrnuqr{THoe 3ApaBoe rrpeArronoxeHr{e,a I{MeHHo: ecJrl{ [B-2ag ufIB-2c r.rMeJrr,r Mecro B pa3Hoe BpeM.s, BepoqrHo, oHLr6s Aatu pa3nuqHble $oHonor[qecKue pe3ynbrarrr. KouerrHo, 3To caMo uo ce6ege oco6enHo HaAexHoe [peArIoJIoxeHHe, T.K. AocraroqHo qacro cnyqaercr, qrope3ynbrar 6olee [o3AHero Ir3MeHeHr{r coBlaAaer c pe3ynbraroM 6onee paHHero(cp. pe0reKcbr nOC *tj, *dj, Koropbre coBraJru c OC *kr, *g, s 6omuuHcrBeBocroqHocraB.flHcKux ApraneKToB u c OC *k , *g, s 6oruuuHcrBe 3arraAHocna-nrurcxux).

Bolee cI{JIbHbIe apryMeHTbr B rroJrb3y eAr.rHcrBa IIB-2anc BbrreKaror rr3 ceputroC neHnrIufi nararaJrbHbrx B3pbrBHbrx - JI- l, JI-2, JI-3 (pasaen 1). Bo-nepnux,rlocrerleHHoe y6uBaHue reorpaSuqecKr,rx apeaJroB, B Koropbrx 3TH neHr{uurrI{MeJII{ Mecro, rro3Bonrer rBepAo AarupoBarr II-2 MexAy Il-l u II-3, u KocBeH-no, |IB-2ABC rocne fIB-l pr Ao rranaraJrr.r3aulrn AeHranbHbrx (lIA), cp. Andersen1969 572. Bo-nroprtx, JIeHHur{rr cBr{AerenbcrByror o raxofi crpyKrypHofi xapax-TepncrllKe OC t3blKa, xax auSSepeHqr{anruufi rpH3HaK HatrprxeHHrrfr vs. HeHa-rtpqxeHHrtfr r cl4creMe cMbrrrHbrx, Koropac Morr{Br.rpoBaJra neHr.rqurc HeHarrpr-xeHHbIX B3pbIBHbIx (ct'a. pa3Aen | .2.I). 3ra xapaKreplrcrr.rKa AoJDKH a 6:';.ta 6urrilpucyuefi OC c3blxy,qo JI-1. CneAosareJrbHo, Aaxe ecJrrr Aorrycrrrrr, vro IIB-2c upourolrrJla ao IIB- 1 (upegnoJroxnM, Mo)r(Ho xax-lu6o repeocMbrcJrr,rrbycnoBl{t 3TI{x I43MeHeHHfi 6es Hacvnvs, HaA AaHHuun), Anr roro qro6rr olpaB-Aarb raKylo rnrrore3y, HaAo o6rqcHlrrb, norreMy neHl,rqng *gzc He oxBarr{Jra6onHuefi Teppr.rropHH rreM neHr.rql{r *g, ^ *gzns - rrapanJreJrbHo roMy, KaK*gzts 6rtl ocla6neH Ha fopa3Ao 6omrueft reppuropnu B 3arraAHocJraBrHcKoMvervr +gn, - rrro 6onee vevr upo6JreMarl{qHo.

HaxoHeq, JILIHTBIrcr-I,Icropr.{K, Koropbrfi o6paulaer AoJDKHoe BHr4Ma:a:ae Ha BHy-TpeHHroIo cBt3b AonroBpeMeHHbrx AHaxpoHHqecJrHX TeH.qeHrlr,rfr parnuruq r3brKa,o6napyxur, tITo orHocr{TeJrbHar xpoHonorrns fIB-1 n fIB-2aBC xopouo corJra-cyercc c o6ulurra pa3BLITI,IeM accr4Mr{lst\uftrro roHanbHocrn e nOC r3brKe. nB-lnol4efrcrBoBaJla Ha Ben-flpHbre, HerrocpeAcrBeHHo rrpnnerarcqr{e K TaBTocr{ nna6u-rlecKoMy rnacHoMy. nB-2 sosAeficrBoBaJra Ha BenrpHbre He roJrbKo n srofi rro3rr-quu (R), Ho raKxe r{ Ha BeJrrpHbre, HaxoArorqr4ecfl c apyrofi cropoHbr OC *w (n)H B rerepoculla6u.Iecxofi rro3r.ruu[ (c). CneaoBareJrbHo, fIB-2 cBr4AerenbcrByero 6olrurefi crenenu SonoraKrr,rqecrr,rfi csssHocru, qeM fIB-1. Patnuqa MexAyo6onuu H3MeHeHHtMr,r couracyercr c pacuupeHraeM o6racrn rrpuMeHeHur $oHo-rorl{qecKl{x npaBI,Ir s o6qecJraBsHcKoM or cnora ao ($onoJror[qecKoro) cnoea,vro MoxHo sa6ruoAarb raKxe H B Apyrux 3ByKoBbrx r,r3MeHeHurx, cp. ra6n. 314, orHocr{TeJrbHo rtpenoMnenvrs., cp. pa3Aet 2.1.1. (Ecrr HeKoropbre ApyrueAaHHbIe 3Toro rrlla n o6ulecraBrHcKoM, Koropbre HaAerocr o6cy4r,rrb B ApyroMvecre.)

AI,IAIEKTHA' AI{O@EPEHUI{AIJI fl OEIIIECIAB'HCKO|O t3bIKA

BHyrpucnofoBat Mexcrorosar

Perpeccnnuar llporpeccuaHar Perpeccunuar flporpeccunHar

. f IB - l :K ) e / - V n e p .

. Vurayr l:a > e l i _ i

. TiIT > TiIT

. TelT > TalT

. T l rT > Tlr 'T

. TerT > Ter 'T

. VP-2as:K ) C l-(w) Vnep.

fIB-2c: K ) C/ Vrn(n)$-Vn:

. Vurayr 2:V : a A . > V n e p . / e -

. ,fiue3uoctrC ) C ' l_Vnep.

. Accuu. e gnQr.

no HanptxeHHIo:

[ec] > [ee] /-$C'Vuep

Ta6nuua 3. AccHvrvnfl\Lrtr rro roHaJrbHocrlr B o6qecnaBtHcKoM Ao rIaAeHHfl

epoB.

3.2.0. Llrorroccbr [IB-2

O6rqeu:secrHbrft $axr, .rro fIB-2 [pon3orxJla B IIo3HIIHTT (g) e BocroqHo- H

roxHocJraBsHcKoM, Ho He B 3arraAHocJraBrHcKoM Aonroe BpeM-fl paccMaTpurBalrcs.

KaK CneACTBHe rlrrroTeTr,rqecKoro Ar{aneKTHoro pa3nvqvg, B apTI,IKyI-fl III,IOHHOM

KOHTaKTe MeXAy r.rHr,IquanbHbrMr.r B cJrore cefMeHTaMI{, BO3MOX(HO Koppenl4py-

roulero c accr.rMtlnfl\uefi B OC coqeTaHnflx *tl, *dl, xoropble ynpoqaloTct B

6olrurugcrBe BocroqHo- I,I IoxHocJIaBrHcKIrx AI4aneKToB, Ho He B 3a[aAHocna-

B-sHcKpIx (cp. IIC MO-DLA-, fIOC*mylo ll *mydlo), ctr. Ekblom 1928. OAnaxo

rrrnpoKo pac[pocTpaHeHHbre BocTorrHocJraBsHcKl{e [pLIMepbI c HeLr3MeHeHHbIM

BenflpHbIM B rIo3tIIII{H (g) (Haup. yKp. kvit HapqAy c cvit) rpeArlonaralor

Heo6xoAuMocrb r{Horo o6rccHeHua (Shevelov 1979:56-58), cM. Aanee pa3Aen 3.3.

He rax AaBHo o6HapyxeuHoe orpaHr{qeHr.re fIB-2 rlo3llurefi (c) s HoBropoA-

cKo-IIcKoBcKr{x ArlaneKTax Ha BocrorlHocraBtHcKoM ceBepo-3arlaAe, Hao6opor,

rrprrBJreKno AoBoJrbHo rutrpoKoe BHr{MaHvIe,v 6ulo flpeArlptlHtro HecKoJrbKo lro-

nbrroK o6rscrrHrb ero (nanp. Birnbaum 1991, Bjornflaten 1990, 1997a, Vermeer

1986, 1997, u 3aru:H{K 1989, 1993:195-98, u 1995:37-40). K coxareHulo, HH B

o.[Hofi rr3 3THx rrolbrroK He 6btrlo cAenaHo ro, tITo HaAo 6rtlo cAenarb B rrep-

Bylo oqepe4b, a HMeHHo: cpaBHr,rrb 3TIa QaKTbI c reM, rITo yxe H3BecrHo o [aJIa-

Tanv3a\vl{ BentpHbIX.

XEHHI4H| AHNEPCEH

Ecllt 3To cAenarb, vt ecJrvt, KpoMe roro, o6parurr BHr{MaHr{e Ha pa3Hr,ruyMexAy AeAyKTI.IBHbIMIa u a6gyxrrrBHblMli I4HHoBaur{flMv1 [pr{3HaBar, trro B xoAeTaKoro cJloxHoro Ir3MeHeHr,r.fl, KaKrrM {BJrrercc IIB-2anc,3Tr,r p.BaBHg.aHHHoBa-qr,rfr 6ruI,I BbI3BaHrt a6comorHo pa3HbrMlr ycnoBurMr.r, To 3naqr.rrerbHafl rracrbrafinrr 6yger pacKpbrra.

3.2.1. Vsronns r rpoABuxenrre fIB-2

9ro xacaerct AeAyKTHBHrIX r{HHoBarluit, npu paccMorpeHrrr4 narararruraqufrBentpHblx oqeHb BaxHo [pH3HaTb, rITO apTr,rKynrqlroHHar MoTr4BaIIur rI3MeHe-nrafi raxoro rtr[a B oAHHx rro3rrur,r-flx 6rrnaer cr{JrbHee, qeM B Apyrnx.

OrpanuvvBar, ce6c reM, qro cBrsercc npcMo peneBaHTHbrM 3Aecb, (i) vtrroxI{AaeM, qro nerrpHrtfi 6y4er [aJraraJrr43oBaH paHbrrre B cnyqae, KorAa oHnpEneraeT K BbIcoKoMy rnacHoMy [epeAHero ps&a, qeM K He-BbrcoKoMy fnac-HoMy [epeAHero pflAa (xax n IIO3HIIHH (C), aHanorurrHo B Ma3oBerIKoM AHaJreKTerorlbcKoro t3blKa, cp. Timberlake 198I:43-45), paHrrue HerrocpeAcrBeHHo repeALIJII,I ttocne ulacHoro [epeAnero psAa, HexeJrr{ B cryqae, KorAa nelrpurrfi orAe-JIeH or rJracHoro flpoMexyrorrHbrM cerMeHTovr (xax B rro3rrrlnu (B) rr, rracruyHo,(c)), paHuue B 6oree y3KoM $ouoraxrrqecKoM oKpyxeHr{u (ranrocuuta6u\e-crofi nosuqrau), HexeJII{ n 6oree ruupoKoM (SouonoruqecKoM clone), paHbrrreB oAHopoAHbIx, qeM B rlepeAyrcqrlxcr [o3nrlucx, paHbrrre B BHyrpr,rvop$erraHofirIo3I,IIrHLr, qeM y vrop$evruofi rpaHHrIH (Timberlake 1981).

(ii) Mrt raKxe oxu.qaeM, qro B3pbrBHbre (n ua:alrurre) (xoroprre rpe6yrorKoHTaKTa .s3blKa c ue6ovr) 6ylyr ralraraJrrtoBaHbl paHbrrre, vervr $pnxarr.rBHbre(cp. nonrcx. taki, drugi, wo suchy). BcletrcrBur.r 3rr{x acaMMerprafi, xorga rrana-TanLI3aIJplc He ocyqecTBJlreTct [oJIHocTbIo, Hr{qero HeT yAr,IBrITeJIbHoro B ToM,rrTo Haxol.gTcfl AI{aneKTbr, cKaxeM, co cBHAeTeJrbcTBoM rraJraTanv3au].dv Benrp-HbIx B Haqare KopHc, Ho He rrepeA cy$Suxcavu (xax B ((BocroqHo-HoBfopol-cKHX)) Ar.raneKTax; cM. Hr.rxe, pa3Aen 3.3), r.rnH rararaJrpr3apr4 *k, *g B HeKoro-pblx rlo3rrrlnsx, Ho He *x (uoar.-ncK. Anail. *otiti., *kilnciii, so *vixil 'Becb',

3arH:nsx 1993: 195-98, 1995:38-39).(iii) Kpove roro, MbI ox(r,rAaeM, qro rrarrararru3oBaHHbre BenapHbre paHo rrnu

no3AHo Moryr accw6urrpoBarbcs u rrpeBparvrbcfl, u aSSpuxa^rbrvtrvt, ecnr{ oHr{He B3pbIBHsIe, QpHKarr.rBHbre - lepeAHec3brrrubre HJrrr cpeAHeq3brtrHbre (c no:-MoxHbIMLr [ocneAy]orrrnMr{ v oguSux aqumnua) .

C apyrofi cropoHbr, a6gyxruBHar raHHoBarrr4c, [ocpeAcrBoM roropoft 6oneeOHJIbHO ilaJrATAJlU3OBaHHbre BenrpHble OTAengrcTCr OT I4X MeHee ilAJtaTAITV3OBaH-HbIx KoBapI,IaHToB, Moxer uponrofiru s rro6oe BpeMq B TeqeHlre uocrerreHHoro[poqecca ilanraranu3arluu. Eclu [pr{ 3ToM BencpHbre anno$onbr c pa3nu.rHofi

cTerleHbro ilallaTalrv3allun pacflpeAeJrt]oTcr IIo pa3JII,IrIHbIM [ro3HrlrrtM B cooTBeT-crBLIu c raKIrMH accl{MerpvrflMw, o Koropbrx roJrbKo-.rro 6rtro yrloMtHyro, Tope3yJlbrarovr 6yAer o6ycroureHHoe $oHevarnrrecKoe pacue[neHrle c Soueuaru-qecKuMH pe$nercaMr{ rraJrararfil:,a\prv roJrbKo B HeKoropbrx r.r3 Tex rro3nrluft, sKoropblx rTalraralrvr3a\ue, Ben{pHbrx o6H.ruo 6Heaer Morr.rBr.rpoBaHa. Ectlra (a6-

AyKTuBHax) 4nccour4awfl Bapr{aHToB Bo3Hr,rKaer Ha [o3AHeM orarre AeAyKTr.rB-Horo [poqecca, cKaxeM, rrocJre accw6unsrrr4v\araraJrbHbrx (ultu HeKoropbrx r{3IraJlaraJrbHrrx) pe$nexcoB, To oHa Moxer 6rrrr MorHBr4poBaHa rrpocro orrlyrr,r-

AI,IAnEKTHA' AI,IOOEPEHIII,I AUVT fl OE IIIECnAB -q HCKO f O,q3bIK A 5 9 1

Mofi pa3Hr,rqefi MexAy rraJraraJrbHbrMn BapLraHTaMr4 14 HeIr3MeHeHHbIMIr Bentp-

HbrMLI, I{ TOrAa OHa MOXeT OCyIIIeCTBHTbC' HeCMOTpq Ha TO, qTO Bapr4aHTbr

HaxoArrcr B AorroJrHureJrbHofi gucrpu6yuuH. OAnaxo, Ar{ccoqualluq AorxHaocyqecrBtrrbefl ua 6onee paHHeM 3Tarre, ecJrr.r HapylxeHa KoMtIJIeMeHTapHocrb

6olee rarararrv3oBauHbrx r.r MeHee uailaralrr43oBaHHblx BentpHbIX arrotpoHon.

3.3. HonropoAcKo-rrcKoBcKoe H3MeHeHrre

O6qeupu3HaHHbrM sBJrr'ercfl ror $axr, qro Ao[onHI,ITerbHac gucrpu6yryun

pe$nexcon BenrpHbrx 6rrra HapyrueHa rorAa, KorAa pe$nercrr fIC t H EI

coBrraJrr,r s OC *1, vJrvr KorAa peSrercrr fIC tN r4 EN coBnaJrr{ s OC *g, raxoe 6u

rr3 3Trrx coBnaAeHuit se 6ulo rrepBbrM, T.K. rro3r4rlr.ra (c) BKJIloqaJra uepnrtft, uo

He BTopofi.{reu raxAofi r.r3 orHX uap. B Ar,raneKTax, rAe nB-2 ilpoABr{Hynacb Aocra1vv accu6uttsqnu, lro6oe H3 3Trrx coBnaAeunfi otAerurno 6u peSnexcrr nB-2

or He[aJIaraJILI3oBaHHbIx BentpHbIX, tITo trpol.I3oruJro [oqrr,I Bo Bcex o6urecra-

BTHCKT4X ALIaJIeKTaX. HO B Ar.raJIeKTe, fAe OAHO pr3 3Tr{X COBlaAeHrail rlaCnrtX

ocyuecrBr{Jrocb Ha paHHert craruvt tarrararrr43ar\vrrr - cKaxeM, KorAa lkl u lgl

r{MeJrH ilalrararrvrcoBaHHbre arroSonbr, Ho ix/ erqe Her, I{JII,I eue He raK cI{JIbHo

fianrararru3oBaHHbre anno$oHbr - rraJraraJrbHbre B3pbrBHbIe B [o3HIIuu (c) MorJrIr

6rrrr orAeneHbr or Bcex Apyrr.rx (npexHux) xonapuaHToB, T.K. oHH He MoTJII{

6rrrr BocrrpuHrrbr KaK BaplraHTbr, o6ycroBJreHHble nu6o cBoI{M rlpeAluecrBy-

roqr.rM, ru,r6 o cB or{M [ocneAyro ultrM oKpyxeHrrev. TorAa KaK rIaJIaraJrH3 oBaHHbIe

B3pbrBHbre B rro3rlrlr,ux (n) u (B) r,r BencpHbre repeA rJIacHbIMIr 3aAHero pc,ra 14

rrepeA couracHbrvru o6patoBaJrr{ ecrecrBeHHyro AoroJIHI4TeJrbHyFo Al,Icrpn6yuuro.Paccvrarpr.rBaeMar B TaKoM acrreKTe, HoBropoAcKo-rlcKoBcKac Bepcuq o6qecra-

sqHcxofr fIB-2 oKa3brBaerc.rr oAHr.{M lr3 noruqecKr.r aJIbrepHarI{BHbIX pe3ynlTaroB

3Toro rr3MeHeHuc, cp. ra6n. 4a. OHo raK xe ManoyArrBI,ITeJIbHo, KaK u nro6ofr

,qpyrofi BbrxoA, Bo3Hr,rKarorqnft u: rornqecKr.r anbrepHarLIBHbIX I4HHoBauufi. Mrr

3arpoHynrr [apannenrHrrfr ctryuair, B pa3Aene 2.I.2. Taw, c oAnofi cropoHbl,

pyccKne ra 6enopyccKrre, a c Apyrofr cropoHbr yKpaHHcKHe AI.IaJIeKTbI pa3BlInLI

pa3nr4rrHbre cTeneHr4 M.rrrKocTr4 B pa3Hbrx [o3rrrlutx c pa3HblMr,r a64yrrHBHbIMI{

nocneAcrnHr, $opMr4pyq HeoAr.rHaKoByro gwctpw6ylluro SoueMarnrlecxofi Araet-HocrLI repeA rJracHbIMLr, cp.ra6n. 46. (06 3rl4x H Apyrrrx 6u$ypxaulaoHHblx

H3MeHr4rx cu. Andersen 1974.) Ecnu lpr{Hqrb Bo BHrrMaHrre yrloMflHyrble B

pa3Aene 3.2.1 o6o6qeHuq o rraJrararrv3aq:ar BenspHblx, KJlroqeBofi ruuoresofi,

Koropar o6rqcHcer Kax(yueecr orcyrcrBr{e IIB-2 B HoBropoAcKo-ncKoBcKoM

Ar{aneKTe, 6yAer ra rr.rrrore3a, corJracHo xoropofi AeAyKTHBHaT $a:a fIB-2

pa3Br.rBanacb MeAneHHee B 3ToM AHaneKTe, qeM rAe-ru16o B Apyrlax qacrsx

o6uleclaBrHcKoro q3brKa, u 6una [pepBaHa ApyrHM, rlepeceKaroulllMct I{3MeHe-

Hr{eM IIJIH H3MeHeHLISMI{. Tarac rLIIIore3a He JII,IIueHa ocHoBaHr,rfi, oco6eHHo ecJrrr

yrrecrb nepuQepnfinoe rroJroxeHr4e HoBropoAcKo-rlcKoBcKoro apeana - cp.

rrpeAronox(eHr{e (n par4enax 1.1.4 u 2.2.2), Kacaroureect ycKopeHHblx reMroB

pa3Br,rrr{q B rreHTpaJrbHbrx Ar4aneKTax. Irlveuuo 3Ta rl4nore3a u Hyx(Ha, .Iro6rt

o6ccnuru Tor c[eqlr$Hvecrnir, Aw.atexruufi Sarr, qro B3pbIBHbIe OC *k, *g

6 urul S oHerraaruqecKr.,r ila rar a rrrls o BaHbr, T. e. I{x rraJrar a nrrrs oBaHHbIe auoQ onrt

6um Ar{ccoq[upoBaHbr or BenrpHbrx B [o3nquu (c), a $puxarnsHrrfi *x He 6un.


flosnuunYxpauucxnfi Eeropyccro-

pyccr(He

lral lTaJ

lTel

lT'dl

lrel lT'el

lT'allral lT'al

Ta6tw]a4. AnrrepHarnBHbre r,rHTep[perarlrlrl (a) nanaraJrn3oBaHHbrx BercpHbrxB pe3ynbrare IIB-2 B o6qecnaBtHcKoM I,r (6) ilarararrrnoBaHHbrx ra6uanbHbrxI{ AeHTanbHbIX B rlo3Heo6[IecraecHcKoM (.UpernenocrorrHocraBrHcKoM).

Couacuo 3Tofi rnlore3e, coxpaHeHr{e Benspnbrx B rro3nrllrn (n) ua BocrorrHo-cJIaBtHcKoM ceBepo-3arraAe AonycKaer ABoflKoe roJrKoBaHr.re. O6rqecnaBrHcKlre*k, *g MorJrLr 6rr ocrarbcr HerraJraraJrr.r3oBaHHbrMr{ rrepeA *w * uacHrrfr rrepel-Hero PsIa.I4lreuso :ro o6rrqHo lorycKaercc orHocr.rreJrbHo o6ulero 3arraAHo-craBcHcKoro coxpaHeHr.rr Ben-cpHbrx nepeA OC *ry. O4uaxo, OC *h *g uornr.r6rt raxxe lrMerb HeKoropyro 6oree HJrr.r MeHee cna6yrc crerreHb uaJrararturcarlr4r.rnepeA *w * uacsrtfi [epeAHero pc.qa H no3ToMy, B xoAe $oHertaaru.recxofi nepe-HHTepnperar\r4v MorJrr,r 6u 6r,rrr HHTep[perr.rpoBaHbr KaK anno$oHu lk gl. ?ruAonyuleHrs oAr4HaKoBo coBMecruMbr c pe$nexcaMr 'tvfia *kvdtil B 3a[aAHbrxAlraneKTax o6ulecraBrHcKoro H c lr3BecrHbrMr.r BocroqHocraBqHcKuvru (nepBoHa-rrarbHo JIoKaJIbHbIvu?) t,tcKJrroqeHusMr4'tvfia yxp. rceim, v e pe$nexcaMr.r rr4[at'v'et B pyccKr.rx Ar.raJreKrax (Hlrxonaes 1986:137).

Tor Saxr, qro ((Bocroquo-HoBropoAcxrafi> Ar{aJreKT cBr4AerenbcrByer o IIB-2B HaqaJIe, a He B KoHrIe ocHoBbr, rrpe4craBJlterct 6onee otleBr,IAubtvt. BotvroxHo,B 3ToM apeane BenrpHbre 6rrm MeHee cr4JrbHo fiarararrr43oBaHbr B r{epeAyrourux-

cq ro3urlrrrx KoHrIa ocHoBbr (cp. Timberlake 1981). O4Haxo, yqr,rrbrBaq, qro Blo3I{IIlIIr IIB-2C BentpHble ralrararrv3oBaJrucb r{cKr}orrureJrbHo B KoHrIe ocHoBbrH, TeM He MeHee, oHa ocyruecrBJrrJracb peryncpHo, Kaxercc 6oree Bepo.rrrHbrM,qro BocrotlHo-HoBropogcrufr Ar{aJreKT r.rMeJr HopManbuoe pa3Br.rrwe [IB-2A raK-xe 14 B [o3laurrl.I KoHIIa ocHoBbI, Ho rro [puqr,rHe ero 6nutocrr,r K HoBropoAcKo-ncKoBcKoMy AHaneKTy Hocr{TeJru Ar{aneKTa paHo cTonKHynlrcb c onpoua}oullrMBJII4SHI,IeM rIOCneAHefO, [ITO, BepOtrHO HeCKOJTbKO IIO3Xe raKxe Cblrpano CBOrO

ponb B ycrpaHennv qepeAoBanufi IIB-2 B KoHrIe cJroBa B coceAHr{x K BocroKypocroBo-cy3AanbcKr.rx apeaJrax, cp. 3arursHcr 1993:196. O6rrqHo, KorAa 6olee

(a)

(6)

floruqnuHonropogcxo-

TICKOBCKHC

Pocroso-

cy3Aanbcxr{e

He-ABC: [Ka] lKa/

/K'(w)E/

lKal

A, B: [K'(w)€] lC'(w)cl

lttalC: [ iK'a] hcal

AHAIEKTHAT AT4OOEPEHUT4 AUr4 A OBIUECJIAB.qHCKOTO '3bIKA 593

npocrat I,I 6onee cJloxHat cucreMbr HaxoArrcr B KoHTaKTe, 6oJree [pocraq cra-HoBtlrct AoMI{HaHrHofi, a 6onee cJroxHar - peqeccunHofi (cp. Andersen 1989:44-s4).

3.4. Perrorvre

Ecru MHoro yxaraHnft Ha ro, qro Ha ApeBHeM HoBropoAcKo-ncKoBcKoM Ar.raneK-Te roBopI,IJrI,I B MHOTO'3bIqHOM COIIITaJIbHOM KOHTeKCTe, H eCTb BeCKI{e OCHOBa-HLI' tIOJIaraTb, tITO HeKOTOpbIe u3 qepT 3TOrO AHaJIeKTa CJIaBSHCKI,IX upllruenblleB

orpaxalor BJIIIIHT{e cocyqecrBy}ouux q3brKoB. PesouHo uo3ToMy c[poclrrb,Mo)I(er nI{ yHl{KarrrHufi pe3ynbrar IIB-2 3Aecb 6urr o6rscuen raKr,rM BJrr{rHueM.

Moxuo JIerKo rlpeAcraBHrr ce6e, rrro Hocr,rreJrrr Apyroro q3brKa, [brrarcbycBoI{Tb o6IrlecraBrHcKyro petrb na paHnefi cralwvpa3Br.rrr,rs IIB-2enC, orleHrlJnr6rr uanaraJlr{3oBaHHbre BercpHbre B nporpeccuBHbrx no3r.rq[cx (c) ne raK, KaK\alraraJrprcoBaHHbre BenrpHbre B perpeccnBHbrx [o3r.rqucx (e, g). Bapuanrrr (c),

Koropble cHaqara Bo3Hr{KJrH rrepeA rJracHbrMr,r 3aAHero ps4a, Moxer 6urr, rpya-

Hee HHTep[pernpoBalrprcb xax o6ycloBJreHHble, H, cJreAoBareJrbHo,6vtnu 6oleenoABepxeHHbI HHTeprper alqlztu KaK He-Benrpnbre. C apyrofi cropoHbr, orpeAeneH-Has creneHb perpeccrrBHoro rrpucrroco6renn.s BenrpHbrx corJracHbrx Bo3Hr.rKaer

s 6omluuHcrBe t3bIKoB, LI, cJIeAoBareJIbHo, naJlaraJllr3awfl BeJItpHbIX B rro3l4-qucx (A, g), JIerKo Bocrpr,rHuMaJracb 6rr xar o6ycrooreHHar. Herpy4Ho rrpeAcra-

Blrrb ce6e, qro Al,Iccoquarlr4r \araraIrvBoBaHHbIX BenrpHbIX B pa3nl{rlHblx [o3I{-IIHtx rIosBI,IJIacb cHaqaJra B rrpou3HorueHr.rrr c MecrHrrrra (cy6crparHbrM) axqeH-

roM, B pe3ynbrare rrero pe$nexc */(ra coanan c pe$reKcoM *k, (nepnHfi ruar spa3Bkrrurvr qoxaHrr), u pe$neKcbr *kro 6rrrur BoclprrHrrbr KaK KoBapr,raHTbr

[pocTbrx Ben.spHbrx.

Ognaxo, [ocKoJrbKy Mbr He paclonaraeM [o3r{Tr.rBHbrMr.r 3HaHr{rMrr o SoHernxet3bIKoB, c Koropbrvrn o6uecJraBrHcKr.rft cocyulecrBoBaJr B 3ToM apeaJre, HerpeanbHblx ocHoBaHnit Alfl, rrpeBparqewrs roro, rrro Mbr MoxeM ce6e npe4cra-

BI{rb, B tcHo cQopvrynnpoBaHHyrc rr,rrrore3y o s3brxonofi HHrep$epenquu. B

xoAe groro paccMorpeHns. parnoo6pa3Hbrx orpaHlrqeuwit sa nB-2 B 3arraAHocna-

B.lHcKoM u BocrotrHocJraB.gHcKoM Al.raneKTax 6uro ycrauoBneHo roJIbKo, qro Bce

3TO COfJIaCyeTCr C OxrrAaeMbrMr,r aC[MMeTpVrsMId B UpOABprXeHrrn ilArATAIrU3a-

uI{I{ BenrpHbrx. CreAogareJrbHo, r ocraBJlrro Borrpoc o BrrvflHvru cy6crpara

oTKpbrTbrM.

4.0. 3axnrcqeHne

B HacrocueM AoKnaAe r paccMorpen rpr.r rnaBurrx o6ulecJraB.sHcKlrx 3ByKoBbrx

H3MeHeHI,It, .rro6H [poAeMoHcrpr{poBarb rroJre3Hocrb Ans cpaBHurenruofi

CJTaBI,ICTI4KI,I THnOJTOTHIIeCKH OpHeHTT,TpOBaHHOIO AHaXpOHIIqeCKOfO aHaJMa U

AOJDKHO|O BHI,rMaHr4r K rrpOCTpaHCTBeHHbrM OTHOrrreHr{rM B rrpeAenax CJraBrH-

cKI,IX Teppl4Topufi xax Bo BpeMq, TaK r,r rrocne 3Kc[aHcun. fIoAxoA, [pr.rMeseuHrrfi

3AeCb B KaqecTBe npuMepa, [poBoAr{T [ocneAoBaTeJrbHoe pa3rpaHr,IqeHr{e MexAy

AeAyKTI{BHbIMlr n a64yxruBHbrMr.r rrHHoBarluflMvr Lr reM caMbrM [o3BoJrcer pac-

KpbITb QoueruuecKoe eArrHcrBo crpyKTypHo MornBr{poBaHHoro 3ByKoBoro rr3Me-

HeHI,Iq, flopoA]rBruero MHoroo6pa:Hrre [ocneAyrourue $onerraaruqecKr.re peSnex-

594 XEHHI,IH| AHNEPCEH

cbl. TaK KaK o6blqHo AeAyKTr,rBHbre r{HHoBarlr{u [porBnr]orcq rrocreneHHo B pa3-

rI,ItIHbIx IIo3uIIIrtx u pa3BrrBarorcr c pa3nnqHofi cxopocrblo B rleHTpaJrbHbrx r{

uepu$epufiurtx apeanrax, oHr,r Moryr B3anMoAeficrsonarb c pa3HbrMr.r $oneruve-CKHMLI yCnOBUqMI,I B pa3Hbrx apeanax Ir [peACTaBJrrTb HeOAr{HaKOBbre BO3MOX-Hocrlr gr'x a6gyxrueHofi rirHHoBarlrrr4 B pa3nlrqHbrx apeanax.

O6rscnenHe raKr{x Aerarefi B roruqecKr.r cBq3HoM orrucaHr{r{ rro3BoJrrerBCKpbITb TaKI4e peanbHble [pocTpaHcTBeHHbre HecornacHocTH, KaK Te nopa3H-TeJrbHbre rr3orJroccbr, qTo [poaHanrr3trpoBaHbr B 3ToM AoKnaAe.

Bnyrpennss cBfl3b qerbrpex o6qecrasrHcKux reuurlHfi (paraen l) uoanolrer

ngeuruQuqupoBarb rrepenoM n SonerntrecKrrx HopMax Jrexr,rrcKr4x Ar{aJreKToBnocJle nB-l u II-l u Aaer ocHoBaHr.rr 3aKJrrotrr.rrb, qro oH orpaxaer BJrr{qHr{e,

LIAyUIee OT AI,IaJIeKTa HJrrr r3brKa C OTrr4qalOUIr4MrrCr HOpMaMr,r [por{3HorrreHr{fl.C apyrofi cropoHhl, rJIaBHar H3ourocca B pa3Br{ruu o6rqecraBcHcKoro npe-

JIoMJreHI,Iq r.lracHblx (par4en 2), rge erue pa3 Jrexr4TcKr.rfi srrAer.sercr rro cpaBHe-HI,IIO C OKpyXaTUII{MLI CeBepHO-CIaBCHCKUMT,T Ar,raneKTaMr4, rroAlaercr AOBOJTbHOnpocrofi QoHonornqecxofi r.rHreprperarlprr{. @axru.recxu, Hau6olee nepraSepufi-HbIe, noJla6cxue ALIaJIeKTbr, B Koroprrx SoueruqecKoe pa3Br.rrr{e 6rrlo HaH6onee3arqHyrblM, noxa3blBalor, qro 3To HarJrrAHar reorpa$rlqecKac HecofJlacHocrbJIexIlTcKoro B caMoM Aene sBJr-f,ercr [poAyKToM pa3Hr.rqbr B orHocHrelrHofi xpo-HOJIO|I,IU.

Orxlouenun, ua1troAaeMbre B pa3Br{Tuu rIB-2 Ha ceBepo-3arraAe BocrorrHo-

cJIaBtHCKOfO apeaJla IIO CpaBHeHr,rrc C OCTaJrbHbrM BOCTOTTHOCTaBqHCKTTM apea-

rovr (pa:gen 3), o6napyxr,rBalorcq B AHaneKTax, Ha Koropbrx, KaK r,r3BecrHo,

roBopl{nu ptAoM c 6atruitcKr.rMlr, $Hucxuvrr{ H repMaHcKr4MH c3brKaMrl, r{ Koro-prte o6uapyxllBalor HecoMHeHHbre rpr,r3HaKu gsrrxosofi uurep$epeuquu. Ho

AaHHbIe cauofi IIB-2 [oAAarorcr [ocJreAoBareJrbHofi, vucro BHyrpeHHefi uHrep-

rrpeTarlnu.

Tala, rAe AuaxpoHl,IqecKoe pa3Br{Tr{e Mox(er 6rrrr r.rHTep[perr,rpoBaHo rlenu-

KoM KaK rlocneAoBareJrbHocrb BHyrpeHHe MornBr{poBaHHbrx (ae,qyxrr,rBHbrx r.ra6gyxrr.rnnux) r.rHHoBarlufi, rax B rrocneAHnx AByx cnyqarx (pasgenrr 2 u 3),

HeJIb3.fl, KOHeqHO, I,ICKITOTIHTb BO3MOXHOCTb TOrO, qTO OHI.I OAHOBpeMeHHO [IOA-

Beprnlrcb BJIr,rrHI{ro HopM apyrofi Sopvu pequ. O6paulerure K BJrr.rruuro cy6-

cTpaTa B TaKI4X Cnyqarx KaxeTct HeHyxHbrM, ecJlr4 ToJIbKo He cyqecTByeT

cBr4AeTenbcTBa KoHBepf eHrlr.ru B HecKoJrbKr{x Apyr[x oTHorrreHr{sx.Cnryaqut Ao HeKoropofr creneuvr vrnafl, KorAa B qacrlr r3brKoBoro apeana

o6uapyxnBaerct cnHrrfi pa3pbrB c [ocneAoBareJrbHbrM pa3Br,rrlreM, rrporeKa-

rcuII,IM n gpyrofi qacrr.r apealra, KaK 3To 6rrro B cnyqae c Jrexr,rrcKofi necouac-

Hocrblo B orHorrreHur,r lennuufi (Il-2, II-3, II-4). 3.qecr ecrb Bce ocHoBaHr,r.rr

rIopa3MbIUUI-flTb HaA COOTHOrrreHr{eM MeX(Ay 3Tr,rM nepenOMOM B rrpOU3HOrUeHr{r,r

r,r Apyrr{Mrr r,r3BecrHbrMlr pa3nuqurMr{ y HapoAoB I-leurpanruofi Enponu B rre-puoA nocJre fIB-1, r.e Harrr{nar npu6nr{3r{reJrbno c 500-x roAoB (Shevelov 1965:

250-52). ApxeoloruqecKl.Ie AaHHbIe rIoATBepx(AaIor, tITo rI,IuutIHo cnaB.sncxufi

flpaxcxufi ruu Marepnanrnofi Kynbrypbr pac[pocrpaHr,ucq rro BceM uoJrbcKrrM

3eMrrtM B reqeHr{e 500-700-x rr. n.s. (EapaH 1990:192, l99l78,82). Moxno

JIerKo rlpeAcraBntr ce6e, qro Hoclrreru arofr Kynbrypbr roBopr.rnr{ Ha upeAnexr,rr-

AI4AIEKTHAT AHOOEPEHTIT{AUr4-rr OETqECnABTHCKO|O r3bIKA 595

cKr,rx Ar4aneKTax. cneAyeT nr,r AorrycKaTb, qTo MecTHoe HaceJreHr,re, KoTopoe ycBo-IrJro sror Ar{aJreKT, roBopuno Ha Apyrofi pa:uou.rAHocrr,r cJraBrHcKoro r{Jrr{ HaKAKOM.TO KBA3H.CJIAB'HCKOM .IIUAJICKTE I4JIII XE HA HCCJIAB'HCKOM fl3bIKE. - 3TO

apyrofi Boupoc. flpu orcyrcrBr,ru nro6ofi un$oprvrarlupr, Koropaq uo3Borura 6rr

oTBeTHTb Ha 3TOT rr MHOfr,re Apyrue BOUpOCbr, KOTOpbre IpUXOATT Ha yM, BepO-

srHo nyque Bcero ocraBr.rrb r3brKoByro Kaprr{Hy He3areMHennoft yMo3pr{Tenb-

HbrMr{ 3KcrpaJrr{HrBrrcrrrlrecKr{Mr.r Aeran-flMu, no xpafinefi vrepe, rroKa.

Kanu$op lnnficxuit yHuBepcutet, Jloc-Angxenec

NPI,IMEqAHHflI B aeolorr4u noHflTr4e HecorJracHbrx HarrJracroB awwfi urpaer ueHTpanbHyro ponb B onr4 -

canuvt crparlrrpa$nvecxux [ocneAoBareJrbHocreft ouoxesuc r,r 3po3r4r,r, a Lr3yqeHue Heco-fJracHbrx sareraHr4fi uMeer QyH4avrenranbHoe 3naqeHue Arq BbIccHenvs.vteropun ABIrxe-v*tit u ae$opr'aaunfi serurrofi Kopbr. B ucropuvecxofi AHaneKToJIorHH aHaJrH3 HecorJracHo-crefr urpaer cyrqecrBeHHyro ponb B HHTepnperarltrLr v Ar.raxpoHHr{HbIX rI AHarorIHbIx AaH-HbIX.

O xpouoaoru.recxofr HecorJracHocrr.r MoxHo roBopnTb, KorAa B poAcrBeHHbrx AI,IaJreK-Tax rrocJreAoBareJrbHocru r.r3MeseHuft pa3ruqarorcfl rlrn (i) rer'a, qro B oAHoM AHaneKTeorcycrByer r43MeHeHr{e, 3acB[rAereJrbcrBoBaHHoe B ApyroM (n 4ualexre I uslaeHelnnfl a-6-n, B AHaJreKTe 2, a-v), uru (ii) TeM, trro cxoAHbre u3MeHeHHq 3acBu.(ererbcrBoBaHblB pa3nr4qHoM fiopcAre (s luarexre I , a-_{.-s-A, B ,quaJrexre 2, a-n-5-g).

O reorpa$uqecxofi HecornacHocrr,r MoxHo foBopr.{Tb, KorAa ron$rarypaquc I,I3uoccB oAHoM apeane orrr{qaercc or coorBercrByroruefr xon$urypaquu B ApyroM uru (i) rerta,rrro B o,qHofi orcyrcrByer H3orJrocca, HMerouraflcfl n lpyrofi (n apea,re I usor-[occ6-s, B apeane 2, a-n), urn (ii) TeM, qro gne xoHSr.rrypaunr{ orJrltqatorcc [opqAKoMI43ofJrocc (n oguofi, H3orJroccbr a-5-s-.q, n qpyrofi, a-n--6-4).

Kpove raKr{x npocrbrx HecorJracHocrefr BcrpeqarcTcq croxHble. Hexoropble xpoHono-rl,tqecKue unu reorpaQnvecxue HecorJracHocrr.r noAAarorcs r.{HTep[peraunpl B qncro BHy-TpeHHHX TepMr,rHax, B HHTepnperaqur.r Apyrr.rx pa3yMHo uru seo6xoArlMo ccburarbcq HaBHerrrHr.re Qaxropu pa3BHTur.2 B Aoxra4e 6y.(yr ynorpe6nrrbcq cneAyroulue coxparrleHprc: OC - o6uecnanrHcxHft,|IOC - ro3AHeo6uecrasnncxuir,IIC - rpacnaBqHcxHft. flepnoe orHocuTcq Ko BceMy

AOHCTOpHqeCKOMy pa3BHTrrrO r3brKa CJraBqH, BTOpOe K nOCneAHeMy nepUOAy sTOfO pa3-Bvtrvts,, or KaqecrBeHnofi au$$epeHur4aur.m ucKoHHo Aonrnx r.r KparKHX rJIacHbIx Ao rlaAe-Hr.rr epoB. nOC Ar4aJreKTbr 6yayr o6o:Ha.rarbcr no orHorueHr4lo K HX 6oree no3AHnM cra-

rvtflM, Hanp. npeAnexnrcKue, rrpeAyKpauHcKr,rfi u r.A. flpacnanrHcKrlMn (|IC) Ha3blBarcTcqpeKoHcrpynpoBaHHbre cerMeHTbr rd cJroBo$oprrau, Koropbre cnyxar ornpanuofi roqrofi

Anfl peKoHcrpyxur,ru xpoHonorurrecKoro qa3BlnTlar o6ulecrascHcKofo q3L,IKa. Cr,a. Ander-sen 1996:183-87. llpaclanrHcKne cerMeHrbr 6yayr nucarbcq MaJIeHbKLIMLI nponrcHbIMLIJrarr.rHcKuMr.r 6yxnauH.3 nOC *;ifi (IIC cl-rEr) 'xurb', *droilijq (nnezc-IIA-) 'apoxxu', *moilani (lr^nzc-Fi-

NA-) 'vosronof i ' .4 ilOC +noga (lIC NncA-)'Hora', *orzga (nnzcA-)'po3fa',* mozgil (unzca-) 'Mo3r' .5 nOC *no3d (lIC NncA-r)'Hora', *roi3d (nnzcA-r)'po3ra',+drgiJd (oneNzcA-I) 'rec', MecrH. eA.rr.

+ mdzga (vezcA-)'Me3ra',

* mdi3d (uezcA-l) 'Me3ra',

596 XEHHI4Hf AHNEPCEH

6 Pyccrue t3blxoBeAbr HbrHerrrHero croJrerur (uavuuas c IllaxuaroBa, lypuono n fxo6-coHa) noJraraJlu, rITo fiepexo L*e > *o noqBurcq B pe3ynbrare nepBoHar{alrgofi accvtlv'vtltf,-rusHofi raivanusauull MoHo$roHron [e] > [o] , [o], cp.3axapona 1981. llpu eroM Hr{Ka-xofr noAxo.qcqefi MorHBarIHr,r r.r Hr,rKaKr{x flapannerefr Hs Apyrnx r3brKoB Arq raxofr MeHbrHHKorAa He rIpHBoAI,Inocb. Hexoropue [orrbrrKr.r r4HTepnperr.{poBarb H3MeHeHue *e > *o

6rtlu 3anyraHbl ero KaxyuvtMcfl cxoAcrBoM c 6oree paHHHM, ApyruMrl [pprr{HHaMH Bbr-3BaHHbIM paHueo6qecraBqHcKl,IM H3MeHeHI,IeM *e > *a B HaqaJIe cJIoBa, I43MeHeHI,IeM, AaB-ITILIM TaKHe ALIaJTeKTHbIe Bapr.raHTbr, KaK nOC *jezero ll +ozero, cp. Andersen 1996.7 flay$orluMa (1983:37-41) onucunaer rrpon3HorueHlre rrracHbrx lal u lol nocJre ((He-

TBepAbIX corJracHblx)) B oAHoM BoJroroAcKoM roBope, B Koropou cla6o pa3BHTo nporr{-BonocraBJleHr,Ie cofJracHbrx no Ar.re3Hocrn. 3Aecr peanr,r3aqr,rn -rvfla

[cn 6rxu] 'cBflTKr4',

[pocr 6r] 'pacrer' B cnJrbHbrx $pa:onux no3urluqx qepeAyrorcq c 6oree o6rrxHoseHHbrMarnna [n'6roo]

'nrroro'n [nep'6r]

'nepeg' s cra6rrx Spasonux no3nuurx. 3ro cuuxpoH-Hoe cocroqHl4e nMeer napannenu B Apyr[x apxaurrHbrx AuanexTax pyccKoro qsrlxa. ErorIparMarI,IrIecKH o6ycroueHHbre qepeAoBaHr.rfl Moryr cnyxurb rlnnrocrpauuefi sosN.rox-uofr nepexoAnofi crarr4vt B pa3BnTrrn Qouevaruqecxofi Aue3Hocrr,r r{ oAHoBpeMeHHo npo-TrxeHHbrx, 4uSrourrlpoBaHHbrx rJracHbrx n rtaonoSroHrn.8 nOC Bocr. rr4an. *kleni l 'KreH', *revi 'peB', *bereza'6epe3a', *koteni lki l KoreHoK',*ielqdi'xoryAb'.9 IIOC *sela 'ceila', *dalekil 'gareKr4ir'

, +ienatil'xeHarbrfr' , +iieka'u1eKa', *iihi 'uselt ,

*iirnil 'uepHbrfi'.l0 npegyxp. *d s cr.urrHofi nosuunpr pa3nuqarcr $oHevarr.rqecKn or crrJrbHoro rroJrHo-rJlacHoro *e u cta6oro *e, TaK xe KaK r{ npeAyKp. cl.rlrsr,rfr *6 paznuualcr SoHevrarr{qe-cKI,I or cHJIbHoro rroJrHorJracHoro to u cla6oro +o, cp. yxp. rc1idb Lr oilceJteda, zoeip vtzo,roc (npeayxp. +lebEdi, *oZeledi, *govdri, +golosi).llpeayxp. +E asn *o- raxxe roflBrq-Iorct B KarlecrBe noJlHorJracHbrx B pe$nercax HeoaKyroBbrx nrraBHbrx 4u$rouroB B cuJrb-Hof i nosuquu. Cv. Ey laxoncsrHf i 1949,1961, Shevelov 1979:315, 320) .r r Cr . -yxp. /n '6s p '6k s '61 Z6nka 5d6k/ , nOC *pek l i ' i leK ' , +nes l i 'Hec ' , *se l i l ' cer ' ,* ienika'xeHKa', + i ieki l 'ureK'.12 IIOC *medil 'MeA', *klenil 'K,.reH', +seli'cei, +neslii 'Hec', +ienilka 'xeHKa', +iiekil'uIeK'. Apeamt, oqepqeHHbre rl3orJroccoi,t 4, HeAocraroqHo o[peAeJreHbr. Shevelov onpeAe-Jrter apear npu6rurureJrbHo coBrraAarounfr c 6accefiHorvr .{uecrpa (1979:223). Ho ecrsAHaneKTbI c cxoAsofi gncrpu6yunefr pe$,rexcoB rrpeAyKp. *a u n 6oree ceBepHbrx rracrqx

3arlaAHo-yKpal4HcKo-6enopyccxoro apeana , cM. aHalrv3 AocryrrHbrx B nr.rreparype AaHHbrxs Timberlake 1983:225.l3 ilOC Jrexlrr. Alaan. *borda '6opo4a', *golva 'roroBa', *dorga '4opora', +kolda 'Koro-

ga', *borzda'6opos4a', *dolto'go, ' Ioro', +rpka'pyKa', +pqtt" 'r . l r ts ' , *mpka'MyKa', *popi l' [yn', *rpki 'pyx poA.uu.u. ' ,+pgt! ' i l f lTbri4' ,+mpka 'MyK6', *nosi l 'Hoc', * let i l ' ler ' ,*nesl i l'Hec', *pletld'firer', * tistinoti'4o6pogerels'.t4 (a) | IOC *plete'[reyo', *moje'Moe', *nesete'Hecere', *glqdite'rrw,gLrre', (6) I IOC*lice 'tut1o', *sitboif e 'xr4To', *bqde, *bpdete'6yAer, 6y.uyr'.l5 IIOC *berza '6epe3a', *iena 'xeHa', *nebo 'He6o', *teplil 'Tenrblfi', *legli 'ref', *rck\ilt T e K t .

16 IIOC +ldsti'rrec', *xldbil 'xre6', *sndgii 'cHer', *trqsti, trqsi, trqslil, trqsla 'rprcrn'. BAndersen 1978 s npeAlonaraJr, rrro nOC *r- se roAAancq [penoMnesuro. Ho raK xepa3yMHo rrpeflonararb nporr.rBonoJroxHoe. Bnu4y rrpe.ulronbcKoro cJrr4suux pe$rexcon*f il *il, coBpeMeHHrrfi peSneKc rroJrbcK. e ABycMbrcJreH. fl ltarolapeu upo$eccopyPovauy JlacxoecxoMy 3a yKa3aHHe Ha 3ror npocrofi Saxr.1'l 3.uecr Her Bo3MoxHocrr.r oco6o o6cyAuru flgpexoAbr +E > +O B rlerxcKoM r.r B xopBar-

ALIAnEKTHAT AI{OOEPEHTII,IATII4T OEIIIECnABTHCKO|O r3brKA 597

CKVX qaKaBCKHX AHaneKTaX, HO CTOHT yrIOMI,IHaTb, rrTO OHI,t TIOAJIeXIIIH TaKI,IM Xe OfpaHI,I-r{eHI,IsM, KaK I,I B JIexI,ITcxou. Pe$-rreKcbr npeArretu. *ti n pdt 'nnrt', go pdtjt, patero, I.r4an.ddtel'xnesep', Ho datel'Asret', piltel v,o piatel'Apyr' r.rM.eA.r{., poA.MH.q., noKa3brBaror,rrro KofAa B npeAqeu. +pritero H T.rr. *e neperuer B +a nepeA (TBepAbrM>> *r, *1, eule HeycraHoBnnacr SoHeuarurrecKafl AlrflHocrb B npeAruecrByroueM corJracHoM (cp. Jakobson1929 |962]:59). 9ro Kacaercq xopBarcKoro Ar,raneKrHoro pacnpeAeneunn peSrexcos *d

no 3aKoHy ,fxy6uucxoro H Meftepa (cp. lip'npexpacusrt', mliko'MoroKo', snlg 'cHer' uosreda'cepe4a', cena't\ena', breza'6epe3a' H qepeAoBaHnfl T:ana viditi-videl, cu. Mogu51977:38-42); voxHo corJracnrbcn c KopuHoM, qro oHo He AoKa3brBaer cy[IecrBoBaHl4t

$oHeuaruqecxofi Ar{e3Hocru Bo BpeMq an$$epeHuuaur4l{ BapuaHroB *d, cp.Corin 1997.Ho cxoxecru arofi auSSepeup:aflillrvr c ceBepHo-cJraBrHcKr.rMr,r flepexoAaMlr +E > *O vpngJrH TOJTbKO THrrOJrOrUqeCKOrO Xapar(Tepa.l8 nOC (a) *vilna 'BorHa', +pilnilji 'rorHbrii', *mil-l-il 'Moror', (6) *tvirdnjl-'rBepAufi',*titvirtitji 'eerneprrrfi', +zamirlil 'Meprnrrfr', +tirlil 'Tep', *dirtilji 'ApaHufi', (n) +ldto'rero', +vdtri'Berep', *vil vdtrd'ua nos4yxe', *sndgti'cHer', *sldpilji 'creflofr', (l) *ledil' reA', *metl la'Merra', *Zena-*iend'xega-yg11g', * iesati-* ieie'qeca15- g9g1g1',* teplilji 'Teflrbrfr ', * medja'Mexa', * petji'[e.rb', + reieto'pe[ero'.

JII,ITEPATYPA

A6aes, B. 14. 1964. (O rponcxoxEe*la*r $oHeurr y (h) B crraBflHcKoM)), Ilpofrcuorundoeeponeitcxoeo n3btKo3HoHun, 175-21. Mocrsa.

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