National Summary Preliminary Report 1997 HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND EXPENDITURE SURVEY Central Statistical Organization Yangon, Myanmar. 1998
National Summary Preliminary Report
1997 HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND EXPENDITURE SURVEY
Central Statistical Organization Yangon, Myanmar.
1998
Foreword 1. Introduction
1.1. Objectives of the Survey 1.2. Historical Background
CONTENTS
Page
2. Methodology 2 2. 1. Sample Design 2 2.2. Sample Size Determination 3 2.3. Sample Townships and Households 3 2.4. Estimation Procedure 4 2.4.1 Weighting 4 2.4.2 Survey Estimates 5 2.4.3 Limitations of the Data 6
3. Sample Survey Execution 6 3. I. Preparation 6 3 .2. Field Operation 7 3 .2.1. Recruitment of Enumerators 7 3.2.2. Compilation of List of Households 7 3.2.3. Training ofEnumerators 7 3.2.4. Field Work 7 3.2.5. Checking, Editing and Coding of the Forms 8 3.2.6. Closing ofField Work 8 3.3. Data Processing 8 3 . 4. Coverage 9
4. Discussion on Results 9 4.1. Size of Household 9 4.1. l. Average Household Size 9 4.1.2. Percentage Distribution of Households by Household Size l 0 4.2. Monthly Household Income 12 4.2.1. Average Monthly Household Income by Source 13 4.2.2. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class 15 4.3. Monthly Household Expenditure I 7 4 .3. I. Average Monthly Household Expenditure 17 4.3.2. Monthly Household Expenditure on Food and Beverages 18 4.3.3. Monthly Household Expenditure on Non-food 19 4.3.4. Percentage Distribution ofHouseholds by Monthly Household Expenditure Class 21
5. Summary Findings 22 5.1. Average Household Size 22 5 .2. Household Size Distribution 23 5 .3. Average Monthly Household Income 23 5.4. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class 24 5.5. Average Monthly Household Expenditure 25 5.6. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class 26 5.7. Comparison with Household Expenditure Survey (1989) 27
6. Comments and Conclusion 28
Statistical Tables A. Main Tables B. Additional Tables Appendixes
List of Ta bl es
A. Main Tables
4.1 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Union.
4.1.1. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Kach in State.
4.1.2. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Kayah State.
4.1.3. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Kayin State.
4.1.4. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Chin State.
4.1.5. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Sagaing Division.
4.1.6. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Tanintharyi Division.
4.1.7. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Bago Division.
4.1.8. Percentage Distribution ofHousehol.ds by Size, Magway Division.
4.1.9. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Mandalay Division.
4.1.10. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Mon State.
4.1.11. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Rakhine State.
4.1.12. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Yangon Division.
4.1.13. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Shan State.
4.1.14. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Ayeyarwady Division.
4.2.1. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Union.
4.2. 1. 1. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Kachin State.
4.2.1.2. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Kayah State.
4.2.1.3. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Ka yin State.
4.2.1.4. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Chin State.
4.2.1.5. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Sagaing Division.
4.2.1.6. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Tanintharyi Division.
4.2.1. 7. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Bago Division.
4.2.1.8. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Magway Division.
4.2.1.9. Average Monthly Hous~hold Income by Source, Mandalay Division.
4.2.1.10. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Mon State.
4.2.1.11. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Rakhine State. ·
4.2.1.12. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Yangon Division.
4.2.1.13. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Shan State.
4.2.1.14. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Ayeyarwady Division.
..,
.)
..,
.)
3
4:
4:
4.2.2 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income class, Union
4.2.2.1 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income class,
Kachin State
4.2.2.2 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income class,
Kayah State
4.2.2.3 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income class,
Kayin State
4.2.2.4 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income class,
Chin State
4.2.2.5 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income class,
Sagaing Division
4.2.2.6 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income class,
Tanintharyi Division
4.2.2. 7 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income class,
Bago Division
4.2.2.8 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income class,
Magway Division
4.2.2.9 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income class,
Mandalay Division
4.2.2.10 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income class ,
Mon State
4.2.2. l l Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income class,
Rakhine State
4.2.2.12 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income class,
Yangon Division
4.2.2.13 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income class,
Shan State
4.2.2.14 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income class,
Ayeyarwady Division
4.3.1. Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Union.
4.3. l. l Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Kachin State.
4.3.1.2 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Kayah State.
4.3.1.3 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Kayin State.
4.3.1.4 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Chin State.
46
47
47
48
48
49
49
50
50
51
51
52
52
53
53
54
55
56
57
58
4.3.1.5 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Sagaing Division. 59
4.3.1.6 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Tanintharyi Division. 60
4.3 .1. 7 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Bago Division. 6 !
4 .3. 1. 8 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure, Group, Magway Division. 62
4.3.1.9 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Mandalay Division. 63
4.3.1.10 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Mon State. 64
4.3 .1.11 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Rakhine State. 6'.i
4.3.1.12 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Yangon Division. 66
4.3 .1.13 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Shan State. 6 7
4.3.1.14 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Ayeyarwady Division. 68
4.3 .4. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class,
Union. 69
4.3 .4.1. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class,
Kachin State. 70
4.3 .4.2. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class,
Kayah State. 70
4.3.4.3. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class,
Kayin State. 71
4.3 .4.4. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class,
Chin State. 71
4.3.4.5. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class,
Sagaing Division. 72
4.3 .4.6. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class,
Tanintharyi Division. 72
4.3.4.7. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class,
Bago Division. 73
4.3.4.8. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class,
Magway Division. 73
4.3.4.9. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class,
Mandalay Division. 74
4.3 .4.10. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class,
Mon State. 74
4.3 .4.11. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class,
Rakhine State. 7 5
4.3.4.12. Percentage Distribution ofHouseholds by Monthly Household Expenditure Class,
Yangon Division. 7 5
4.3.4.13. Percentage Distribution ofHouseholds by Monthly Household Expenditure Class,
Shan State. 76
4.3.4.14. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class,
Ayeyarwady Division.
B. Additional Tables
4.1.15 Average Household Size.
4.1.16 Percentage Distribution of Households by Household Size Class, Overall.
4.1.17 Percentage Distribution of Households by Household Size Class, Urban.
4.1.18 Percentage Distribution of Households by Household Size Class, Rural.
4.2.1.15 Average Monthly Household Income
4.2.1.16 Ranking of States and Divisions by Average Monthly Household Income.
4.2.1.17 Median Monthly Household Income
4.2.1.18 Percentage Contribution of Wages and Salaries to Average Monthly Household
Income.
4.2.1.19 Percentage Contribution of Entrepreneurial Income to Average Monthly Household
Income.
4.2.2.15 Percentage Distribution of Households by Combined Monthly Household Income Class,
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
0.verall. 86
4.2.2.16 Percentage Distribution of Households by Combined Monthly Household Income Class,
Urban. 87
4.2.2.17 Percentage Distribution of Households by Combined Monthly Household Income Class,
Rural. 88
4.3.1.15 Average Monthly Household Expenditure. 89
4.3 .1.16 Ranking of States and Divisions by Average Monthly Household Expenditure. 90
4.3.J .17 Median Monthly Household Expenditure. 91
4.3 .2. Monthly Household Expenditure on Food and Beverages.
4.3 .2.1. Ranking of States and Divisions by Monthly Household Expenditure on Food
and Beverages
92
93
4.3.3. Monthly Household Expenditure on Non-Food. 94
4.3 .3. I. Ranking of States and Divisions by Monthly Household Expenditure on Non-Food. 95
4.3 .4.15 Percentage Distribution of Households by Combined Monthly Expenditure Class,
Overall. 96
4.3 .4.16 Percentage Distribution of Households by Combined Monthly Expenditure Class,
Urban. 97
4.3.4.17 Percentage Distribution of Households by Combined Monthly Expenditure Class,
Rural. 98
5. I
5.2
5.3
5.4
Estimates for Yangon City
Estimates for Mandalay City
Household Expenditure Survey (1989) and Household Income and Expenditure
Survey ( 1997) Results
Monthly Household Expenditures, HES (1989) and HIES (1997)
99
100
IOI
102
Appendixes
1.1 Major Household Expenditure Items
2.1 List of Townships Not Included in the Sampling Frame
2.1.1 Number of Townships to be Surveyed
2.1.2 Number of Sample Urban and Rural Households by State and Division
2.1.3 Number of Sample Wards and Village Tracts
2.4 Sampling Weights for Urban and Rural at Township Level
3. Members of HIES Steering Committee and Working Committee
3. 1. Questionnaire
3.1.2 Terms and Definitions
FOREWORD
This publication is the Preliminary Report of the 1997 Household
Income and Expenditure Survey, conducted in forty-five townships of fourteen States and
Divisions. Presented in this report are data on household size and income and expenditure
pattern of Myanmar household at Union, State and Division level and key city level. The
statistics provided in this report are based on the responses of 254 70 sample households:
10610 urban households and 14860 rural households, selected nation-wide and
interviewed during November, 1997.
I gratefully acknowledge the invaluable support and assistance of
authorities at varied levels of Peace and Development Committees and Non
governmental organizations as well as the co-operation of sample household respondents
in making this survey possible.
It is opportune to sincerely thank UNICEF Representative
Dr. Juan Aguilar Leoan, Planning Section Chief Mr. Chris Davids and Project Officer
(Monitoring and Evaluation) Daw Khin Win Thin for their co-operation and financial
support to make thi's nation-wide survey a reality.
Last but not the least, I deeply appreciate and heartily thank
Associate Professor Dr. Daw Than Toe of Institute of Economics, Yangon as well as
statistics and computer staff of the Central Statistical Organization for their arduous
efforts to prepare this report.
It is hoped that the report will provide invaluable information for
policy-makers, planners, administrators and researchers in the public and private sectors,
in formulating policies and programmes for the improvement of the life of Myanmar
families.
Yangon, Myanmar September, 1998
() ,{ • r'l. ·~-····-·-
Dr.Sein Tin Director-General
1. Introduction
The 1997 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) was the second HIES to be
conducted by the Central Statistical Organization (CSO) on a nation-wide scale. The first and
foremost household expenditure survey was conducted by the CSO in I 989 on a nation-wide scale.
In the 1997 HIES, monthly household and yearly household incomes were collected ~ith
breakdowns by type of income. Apart from the information on the household experiditure,
information on the demographic characteristics, educational level, employment and employment
status of the household members, housing conditions were also collected.
Household expenditure was collected on several expenditure items in detail, which could be
classified into two major groups:
I. Food and Beverages
2. Non-food
Items in Food and Beverages group were classified into 16 sub-groups and items in Non
food group were classified into 17 sub-groups. List of these sub-groups is as shown in the
. Appendix 1.1. The survey was designed to yield estimates at the Union, Urban and Rural levels,
estimates at the State and Division levels, estimates for Yangon City and Mandalay City, estimates
for other cities of States and Divisions and estimates at the selected townships level.
The 1997 HIES covered 236 of the 322 townships and 45 townships were surveyed,
comprising 36 sample townships and 9 additional townships.
I.I Objedives of the Survey
The 1997 HIES was conducted to cover the whole of Myanmar with the following
objectives:
(l) To investigate into the changes in the level and patterns of consumption, spending and
expenditures of households in accordance with the changing economy of Myanmar,
(2) To assess the levels of living of the households, and
(3) To be able to compute the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for all the cities and the. CPI which
represents the whole country.
1.2 Historical Background
Ernst Engel, a German statistician, was known to be the first to investigate into the
relationship between consumption and income of families from the family budget data. Since that
time, family budget data have been used not only to find out the income-consumption relations, but
also the income elasticity of demand for any item of the family budget. The data have also been
2
used to find the percentage of income spent on food called the Engel ratio, as an indicator of level
of living and the weights to be used in the construction of CPL
Family budget surveys usually collected data on income, consumption and expenditure of
families and were among the earliest surveys conducted in the developing countries. The Central
Statistical and Economics Department conducted these surveys, later known. as the household
expenditure surveys, in Myanmar as early as I 958. It was confined to Yangon City only. Since
then, the household expenditure survey has been conducted 105 times till 1997. In some years, the
survey was conducted in some townships including Yangon City sometimes.
2. Methodology
The 1997 HIES of Myanmar covered all States and Divisions but not all townships. The list
of townships not included in the sampling frame is shown in Appendix 2.1. Survey sampling
method was used to select sample townships, wards, villages and households.
The sampling frame was based on the list of townships, wards and village tracts for J 994
obtained from General Administration Department.
2.1 Sample Design
The sample de.sign used was stratified three-stage random sampling design.
(1) Stratification used was natural stratification. Yangon and Mandalay Divisions were each
divided into 2 strata and the remaining divisions were formed into 12 strata totaling I 6
strata. Yangon Division was divided into 2 strata comprising townships in Yangon City
and other townships. Mandalay Division was also divided into 2 strata comprising
townships in Mandalay City and other townships.
(2) First-stage sampling was based on townships. First-stage unit was a township and from
the list of townships in each stratum, sample townships were selected by simple random
sampling. Appendix 2.1.1 shows the number of townships, number of sample
townships selected, predetermined additional townships and the number of townships to
be surveyed in each stratum. The names of selected sample townships, additional
townships and the names of townships to be surveyed in each stratum are shown in
Appendix 2.1.2.
(3) Second-stage sampling was based on wards and village tracts. Second-stage unit was a
ward for the urban part of the sample township and a village tract for the rural part of
the sample township. The sampling frame at this stage was prepared by listing all the
wards in the urban part of the township to be surveyed an.d the village tracts in the rural
3
part of the township to be surveyed. 25% of the number of wards and 10% of the village
tracts :were sampled by simple random sampling in each sample township ..
(4) Third-stage sampling was based on households. Third-stage unit was a household and
sample households were selected by simple random sampling from the list of
households in each sample ward and in each sample village tract. The sampling frame at
this stage was prepared by listing all households in each of the selected wards or village
tracts.Appendix 2. 1.2 shows the number of sample urban households, sample rural
households,and total sample households for each township to be surveyed in each State
and Division. Appendix 2.1.3 shows the number of wards and village tracts, the number
of sample wards and sample village tracts and the number of sample households for
each township to be surveyed.
2.2 Sample Size Determination
Based on the results of 1989 Household Expenditure Survey, the number of households to
be sampled in each township was determined as,
n = [4 C.V2 (X)] I d2 * Deff, where n =the number of sample households.
d =margin oferror=0.01
C.V (X) =coefficient of variation under consideration (from past data)
Deff = the design effect = 1
2.3 Sample Townships and Households
It was targeted that reliable estimates with precision measures for the Union as well as for
the States and Divisions should be obtained from this survey. Thus, sample townships and sample
households were selected by random sampling methods. The targeted structure of the sample was
as follows:
1. Number of strata
2. Number of predetermined townships
3. Number of random sample townships
4. Number of random sample households per township
5. Total number of random sample households
= 16
=9
= 36
= 550
= 19800
6. Number of random sample households in predetermined townships= 5670
7. Total sample households = 25470.
4
2.4. Estimation Procedure
For each item, estimates are found at the township level, State and Division level and Union
level. At each level, estimates for Urban and Rural are computed separately.
Let,
Y h i j k be the value of y for household k, ward or village tract j, township i, stratum h .
y h ij = t y h ij k . k = 1.2 ................. ! h ij
I h ij = number of sample households in ward or village tract j, township i, stratum h.
L h ij = number of total households in ward or village tract j, township i, stratum h.
I h i = L. I h ij J
L h i = L L h ij j
,j = L 2,. .......... ,m 11 i
,j = 1, 2 ,: .......... ,M hi
m hi = number of sample wards or village tracts, township i, stratum h.
M hi = total number of wards or village tracts, township i, stratum h.
L11=2:Lhi I
,h = 1, 2, ........... ,1 6 for Urban
,h = 1,2, ........... ,l 4 for Rural
n h = number of sample townships for stratum h.
N h = number of total townships for stratum h.
2.4.1 Weighting
At the township level, the weights assigned are:
M L h .. W 11 1' = h i X IJ
m hi I h ij
W h i c u ) is the weight used for urban part of township i, stratum h.
W h i ( r ) is the weight used for rural part of township i, stratum h.
The weights are shown in Appendix 2.4
·5
2.4.2 Survey Estimates
At the township level, the estimates are:
Y hi(u) = W hi(u)L L: Yhijk(u) j k
Y h i ( r) = W h i ( r) L: L: Y h ij k ( r) J k
Y hi= Y hi(u)+Y hi(r)
Y hi(u)+ Y hi(r)
L hi(u) + L hi(r)
J= 1,2, .... ,m h,(u)
j= 1,2, .... ,m h,(r)
where Lh i (u) and Lh i (r) are the total numbers of households in the urban and rural
parts of township i, stratum h, respectively.
At the State and Division level, the estimates are:
I\ N I\
y h ( u ) = h ( u )
L: y h i ( u ) n h ( u )
= 1,2, ..... ,nh(u)
I\ N I\
h ( r ) y h ( r ) = L: y h i ( r ) n h ( r )
= 1,2, ..... ,nh(r)
I\ I\ I\
y h = y h ( u ) + y h ( r )
I\ I\
I\ y y y h ( u ) + h ( r )
h =
L h ( u ) + L h ( r )
where Lh (u) and Lh (r) are the total numbers of households in the urban and rural parts
of State and Division h, respectively.
At the Union level, the estimates are: I\ I\
y ( u) = L:Yh(u) h=l,2, .... ,16 h
I\ I\
y (r) = L: Y h (r) h = 1,2,. ... ,14 h
I\
I\ y y =-L
6
2.4.3. Limitations of the Data
The data users should bear in mind that the data presented in this report are the results of a
sample survey and accordingly, subject to sampling variations, because observation is not made of
the whole population. Survey estimates may also be subject to non-sampling errors such as
deliberate under- or over- reporting of income and expenditures or reluctance on the part of
respondents to state their true levels of income and spending.
3. Sample Survey Execution
The 1997 HIES was executed under the supervision of the HIES steering committee headed
by Director General, C.S.O and the HIES working committee headed by Director (Statistics),
C.S.O. The lists of members of the two committees are as shown in Appendix 3.1.
3.1. Preparation
Preparations were started as early as August 1997. Sample design and questionnaire design
were selected and approved by the two committees. Questionnaires, terms and definitions and the
forms to be used in the survey work are shown in Appendixes 3 .1.1 and 3. 1.2. 107 Staff Officers
and Deputy Statisticians of C.S.O were assigned as field supervisors to supervise the field
operations in each township. The training of these supervisors, divided into two groups, was given
at the C.S.O in Yangon from 27 October 1997 to 30 October 1997. The training consisted of
discussion on-
(a) Objectives of the survey
(b) Sampling method
(c) Role of the township supervisors
(d) Forms to be used at the township level
(e) Selection of sample wards, village tracts and households
(f) Terms and facts in the questionnaires
(g) Procedures for filling up the questionnaire forms.
A pilot survey of 125 households to test the design of the questionnaires, to access
operational procedures and the ability of the supervisors was carried out at the Bogyoke Village in
the Thanlyin township of Yangon Division by the C.S.O staff assigned to supervise township level
field work on 2 November 1997. Based on the returns of this pilot survey,necessary amendments
were made in the questionnaires and the C.S.O staff members involved in the pilot survey was
again given clarifications and discussions on their works.
7
3.2 Field Operation
A total of 853 persons, including l 07 staff members of CSO as field supervisors and 746
locally recruited enumerators participated in the field operation.
3.2.1 Recruitment of Enumerators
Officials from CSO carried out the recruitment and training of enumerators at each
township of their assignment. It took about four days, starting from I 2 November 1997 to I 5
November 1997 for the recruitment and training of enumerators.
Altogether 746 temporary enumerators From NGOs were selected and appointed to carry
out survey operations for nineteen days, from 12 November to 30 November 1997.
3.2.2 Compilation of List of Households
At the selected wards and village tracts, lists of household were compiled for the sample
selection with the cooperation of township, ward, village tract Peace and Development Councils
(PDCs), and Township Immigration and Manpower Department.
3.2.3 Training of Enumerators
Training of the locally recruited enumerators was carried out at each selected township in
mid November 1997 before the fieldwork. Th~ training program included discussion on-
( a) objectives of the survey,
(b) interviewing and filling up of the questionnaire forms,
(c) social dealing with the sample households,
(d) miscellaneous topics
A pilot survey to demonstrate them how to carry out the fieldwork was also included in the
training program. The enumerators had to conduct the pilot survey under the supervision of the
field supervisors from CSO.
3.2.4. Field Work.
The enumeration started on 18 November 1997 and ended on 27 November 1997.
Prepared questionnaire forms were used to collect data from the sample households. Enumerators
interviewed each sample household to obtain the information. An enumerator had to interview 38
sample households on the average and a field supervisor had to supervise the enumeration of 238
sample households on the average. An enumerator had to conduct three to four interviews a day and
a field supervisor had to supervise the interview of 20 to 25 sample households a day. It took about
one and half-hours to complete an interview on the average. Additional sample households already
selected before the fieldwork replaced missing sample households.
8
3.2.5. Checking, Editing and Coding of the Forms
The field supervisors and the enumerators undertook the checking, editing and coding of the
filled up questionnaire forms after the interviews were completed. It took about three days, starting
from 28 November 1997 to 30 November 1997. Although, checking and editing of the filled up
forms was carried out everyday after the interviews, the overall editing, call-backs and coding of
the edited forms were done during those three days. The completed forms were brought back to
CSO after 30 November 1997 and manual editing and coding of the remaining forms continued till
they were ready for data entry. Manual data verification and data validation by computer were done
thoroughly before the computer did any tabulation.
3.2.6. Closing of Field Work
After the completion of the survey fieldwork, the enumerators were honored with
'Certificates' and labour charges at the ceremony sponsored by the township PDCs.
The survey would not have been successfully completed without the cooperation of the
respective PDCs. They have helped in arranging training halls, temporary survey offices,
transportation to the wards and village tracts, and boarding houses for some of the HIES field
supervisors from CSO. The logistical support of the township responsible persons greatly
contributes to the successful completion of the 199.7 HIES. In addition to this, inspection tours to
the States and Divisions, surveyed townships in November, 1997 by the supervisory committee
members comprising the Director General, Deputy Director General, Directors, Deputy Directors
and Assistant Directors of CSO also made it possible to conduct the HIES, smoothly and
efficiently till the time of its completion.
3.3. Data Processing
The Computer Division of CSO processed the collected data on demographic, social,
income, consumption and expenditure of sample households. Data entry was completely carried out
by using IBM compatible microcomputers. IBM compatible microcomputers as well as IBM 4381
mainframe computer did data processing. IMPS and Database software packages were used for
tabulation. Manual editing of data, data entry and data processing by electronic computers started
since December 1997. Preliminary Statistical tables were produced since May 1998.
The tables comprise :
1. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size
2. Average Monthly Household Income by Source
3. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Income Class
4. Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group
9
5. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Expenditure Class
3.4. Coverage
Sample households were selected from all townships except those at the remote and not
easily accessible border areas. The list of townships not included in the HIES is shown in Appendix
2.1. The sample townships were selected from 236 townships which is 73.3 % of the total
townships in Myanmar.
All households were included in the sampling frame. Persons living in collective living
quarters like religious buildings, hospitals and dispensaries, schools, educational buildings, hotels
and restaurants, inns, boarding houses, hostels, prisons, orphanages, homes for the aged were not
included in the HIES.
4. Discussion on Results
Information on some of the demographic, social and economic aspects of sample
households was collected in the HIES (1997). Preliminary statistical tables include information on
size of household, monthly household income and monthly household expenditure.
4.1.Size of Household
4.1.1.Average Household Size
From ~he results in HIES (1997), based on 25470 sample households, the estimated average
size of household for the Union is 5.25. This is comparable to 5.2, which is the average size of
household obtained in 1983 census of Myanmar.
The estimated average household size is 5.22 for the Urban Myanmar and it is 5.32 for the
Rural Myanmar. Rural Myanmar average household size is slightly greater than the average
household size for Urban Myanmar. The findings are similar to those in 1983 Census of Myanmar.
Table 4.1.15 shows the average household size for the States and Divisions.
It also shows the average household size separately for the Urban and Rural Myanmar. The
average household sizes of most of the States and Division are larger than the average household
size of the Union, except in Rakhine State, Bago, Mandalay, Yangon and Ayeyarwady Divisions.
Bago Division has the smallest average household size and Kachin State has the largest average
household size among the States and Divisions.
10
For the Urban Myanmar, average household size is 5.22. The average household sizes of
most of the Urban States and Divisions are larger than the average household size of Urban
Myanmar, except in Sagaing, Bago, Mandalay, Yangon and Ayeyarwady Divisions. Urban Kachin
State has the largest average household size and Urban Mandalay Division has the smallest average
household size among the States and Divisions.
For the Rural Myanmar, average household size is 5.32. Here too, the average household
sizes of most of the Rural States and Divisions are larger than the average household size of the
Rural Myanmar, except in Kayin and Rakhine ~tates, Yangon and Bago Divisions. Rural Chin
State has the largest average household size and Rural Bago Division has the smallest household
size among the States and Divisions.
Mandalay City has the average household size of 4.89 and Yangon City has the average
household size of 5.16.
4.1.2. Percentage Distribution of Households by Household Size
Tables 4.1, 4.1.1 to 4.1.14 show the percentage distributions of households by household
size for the Union, States and Divisions. The distributions are also shown separately for the Urban
and Rural Myanmar, Urban and Rural States and Divisions.
The percentage distribution of household sizes is shown in the last columns of Tables 4.1 to
4.1 14 for the Union, States and Divisions as a whole.
Highest percentages of households in the Union, Bago Division, Ayeyarwady Division and
Mon State have the household size of 4 persons. In Kayah, Kayin, Rakhine and Shan States,
Magwe, Mandalay and Yangon Divisions, percentages of households with 5 persons are highest. In
Kachin and Chin States and Sagaing Division, percentages of households with 6 persons are
highest.
It is interesting to note that in Kachin and Chin States, percentages of households with I 1
persons and above are considerably high, being 8.53 and 7.58 respectively.
Table 4.1.16 shows that percentages of households with 1 to 2 person~ for the States and
Divisions are between 4% and 12%; the .Jowest percentage being in Kachin State and the highest
percentage in Rakhine State. Percentages of households with 3 to 7 persons for the States and
Division are between 62% and 8J%; the lowest percentage being in Chin State and the highest
percentage in Bago Division.
For the households with 8 to 10 persons, the percentages for States and Division are
between 6% and 25%; the lowest percentage being in Bago Division and the highest percentage in
11
Chin State. Highest percentages of households with I I persons and above are found to be between
1 % and 9%; the lowest percentage being in Bago Division and the highest percentage in Kachin
State.
Kachin, Kayah and Shan States have smaller percentages of households with small
household sizes and larger percentages of households with large household sizes. Bago Division,
Rakhine State and Ayeyarwady Division have larger percentages of households with small
household sizes and smaller percentages of households with large household sizes.
The percentage distribution of household sizes is shown in the first columns of Tables 4.1 to
4. I. 14 for the Urban Myanmar, Urban States and Divisions.
The States and Divisions except the Chin , Mon, Rakhine, Shan States and Sagaing,
Tanintharyi and Ayeyarwady Divisions have the highest percentages of households with 5 persons.
Percentage of households with 7 persons is highest in Chin State, with 6 persons it is highest in
Shan State, with 4 persons it is highest in Sagaing Division, Mon and Rakhine States and
Ayeyarwady Division. It is interesting to note that Kachin State has a high percentage of 12.92%
for the household size of 11 persons and above.
Table 4. I .17 shows that Ka yin State has the lowest percentage of households with 1 to 2
persons and Sagaing Division has the highest percentage of households with I to 2 persons.
Percentages of households with 1 to 2 persons vary between 4% and 12%. Kachin State has the
lowest percentage of households with 3 to 7 persons and Bago Division has the highest percentage
of households with 3 to 7 persons. Percentages of urban households with 3 to 7 persons vary
between 58% and 80 %.
For the households with 8 to 10 persons, Bago Division has the lowest percentage and Chin
State has the highest percentage. The percentages vary between 9% and 24%. For the households
with 11 persons and above, Sagaing and Mandalay Divisions have lowest percentage, Kachin State
has the highest percentage. The percentages vary between 2% and 13%.
Sagaing and Mandalay Divisions and Mon State have larger percentages of households with
small househ9ld sizes and smaller percentage of households with large household sizes. Kayah,
Kayin States, Taninthary Division, Rakhine and Shan States have smaller percentages of
households with small household sizes but larger percentages of hoµseholds with large household
sizes. Kachin State has large percentage of households with large household sizes, especially with
I 1 persons and above.
The percentage distribution of household sizes is shown in the second columns of Tables
4.1 to 4.1.14 for the Rural Myanmar, Rural States and Divisions.
Percentages of households with 4 persons are highest in the Union, Kayah State, Bago
Division, Mon State and Ayeyarwaddy Division. Percentages of households with 5 persons are
12
ighest in Kayin State, Tanintharyi, Magway and Mandalay Divisions, Rakhine State, Yangon
)ivision and Shan State. Kachin, Chin States and Sagaing Division have the highest percentages of
ouseholds with 6 persons. It is interesting to note that Kachin and Chin States have I I persons and
bove viz- 7.11 % and 8.36% respectively.
Table 4.1.18 shows that percentages of households with I to 2 persons foi· the States and
iivisions vary between 3% and 13%. The lowest percentage occurs in Kachin State and the highest
ercentage occurs in Rakhine State. As for the households with 3 to 7 persons, the lowest
ercentage occurs in Chin State and the highest percentage occurs in Bago Division. The
ercentages vary between 62% and 84%.
Percentages of households with 8 to I 0 persons vary between 5% and 25%. The lowest
::rcentage is in Bago Division and the highest percentage is in Chin State. As for the households
ith 11 persons and above, the percentages vary between l % and 8%. The lowest percentage is in
ago Division and the highest percentage is in Chin State.
Kachin, Chin and Shan States have lower percentages of households with small household
zes and Bago Division and Rakhine State have higher percentages of households with large
)usehold sizes. Kachin and Chin States have larger percentages of households with large
)Usehold sizes and Bago Division and Rakhine States have smaller percentages of households
ith large household sizes.
2 Monthly Household Income
Mean monthly household income is estimated as 10122.98 kyats for the Union, 13005.76
1ats for the Urban Myanmar and 8905.65 kyats for the Rural Myamnar. This implies that
timated mean monthly household income of Urban Myanmar is 1.46 times that of Rural
yanmar.
Median monthly household income is estimated as 6966.15 kyats for the Union, 7369.58
·ats for the Urban Myanmar and 6604.60 kyats for the Rural Myanmar. This means that half of
e households have the monthly household income to be less than 6966.15 kyqts for the Union, to
less than 7369.58 kyats for the Urbari Myanmar and to be less than 6604.60 kyats for the Rural
yanmar. It also implies that, estimated median monthly household income of Urban Myanmar is
12 times that of Rural Myanmar.
Mean monthly household incomes and median monthly household incomes for the Union,
·ban Myanmar and Rural Myanmar, .overall States and Divisions, Urban and Rural States and
visions are shown in Tables 4.2.1.15, 4.2.1.17.
13
4.2.1.Average Monthly Household Income by Source
Average monthly household income is estimated as 10122. 98 kyats for the Union, of which
50.68% is obtained as wages and salaries and 43.86% is obtained as entrepreneurial income. Less
than 1 % of the averag~ monthly household income for the Union is obtained as wages and salaries
in kind, as pension, as rent and as interest. Between 1 % and 1.5% of the average monthly
household income is obtained as remittances, bonus and other, other (in kind).
Average monthly household income for Urban Myanmar is estimated as 13005. 76 kyats, of
which 78.89% is obtained as wages and salaries and 15.33% is obtained as entrepreneurial income.
Less than 1 % of the average monthly household income for the Urban Myanmar is obtained as
pension, rent, interest, bonus and other, other (in kind). Between I% and 1.5% of the average
monthly urban household income is obtained as wages and salaries in kind. Between 2.5% and 3%
of the average monthly urban household income is obtain as remittances.
Average monthly household income for Rural Myanmar is estimated as 8905.65 kyats, of
which 38.78% is obtained as wages and salaries, 55.91% is obtained as entrepreneurial income.
Less than 1 % of the average monthly rural household income is obtained as wages and salaries in
kind, pension, rent, interest and remittances. Between 1.5% and 2% of the average monthly rural
household income is obtained as bonus and other, other (in kind).
Percents of the average monthly urban household income obtained as wages and salaries,
pension, rent, interest and remittances are higher than the respective percents of the average
monthly rural household income obtained from these sources. Percents of the average monthly
urban household incorr:ie obtained as entrepreneurial income, bonus a1_1d other, other (in kind) are
lower than the respective percents of the average monthly rural household income obtained from
these sources. It can be said that, the estimated average monthly urban household income structure
and the estimated average monthly rural household income structure truly reflect the income
earning sources of the Urban Myanmar and· Rural Myanmar.
Table 4.2.1 shows the average monthly household mcome by source of the Union and
Tables 4.2.1.1 to 4.2.1.14 show the average monthly household income by source of the States and
Divisions. The average monthly household income by source of each of the States and Divisions
also shows that wages and salaries in cash and entrepreneurial income mostly contribute to the
average monthly household income. In the States, percents of average monthly household income
obtained from wages and salaries vary between 15% and 70% for the State as a whole, between
41 % and 87% for the Urban State and between 8% and 67% for the Rural State. In the Divisions,
percents of average monthly household income obtained from wages and salaries vary between
3 1 % and 74% for the Division as a whole, between 57% and 86% for the Urban Division and
between 24% and 63% for the Rural Division.
14
For the States. and Divisions as a whole, highest contribution by the wages and salaries to
the average monthly household income is in the Yangon Division. For the Urban States and
Divisions, it is in Kayin State and for the Rural States and Divisions, it is in Kachin State. The
lowest contribution by the wages and salaries to the monthly household income happe;is in Chin
State for the States and Divisions as a whole and for the Urban· as well as Rural States and
Divisions.
In the States, percents of average monthly household income obtained from entrepreneurial
inco111e vary between J 7% and 67% fo~ the State as a whole, between 6% and 43% for the Urban
States and between 17% and 73% for the Rural States. ln the Divisions, percents of average
111onthly household income obtained from entrepreneurial income vary between 1.2% and 64% for
the Division as a whole, between 6% and 34% for the Urban Divisions and between 31% and 71%
for the Rural Divisions.
The highest contribution by the entrepreneurial income to the average monthly household
income happens in Chin State for the States and Divisions as a whole, for the Urban and Rural
States and Divisions. The lowest contribution by the entrepreneurial income to the average monthly
household income happens in Yangon Division for the States and Divisions as a whole and for the
Urban States and Divisions. It happens in Rakhine State for the Rural States and Divisions.
Percentage contribution by wages and salaries to the average monthly household income in
Mandalay City is 83.20% and in Yangon City is 86.03%.
Percentage contribution by entrepreneurial income to the average monthly household
income in Mandalay City is 12.51 % and in Yangon City is Q.02%.
Tables 4.2.1.18 and 4.2.1.19 show the percentage contributions of wages and salaries and
entrepreneurial income to the average monthly household income.
Table 4.2.1.15 shows the average monthly household income in each State and Division.
Lowest average monthly household income happens in Kayah State for the States and
Divisions as a whole, for the Urban and Rural States and Divisions. The highest average monthly
household income happens in Yangon Division for the States and Divisions as,a whole, in Kachin
State for the Urban States and Divisions and in Ayeyarwady for the Rural States and Divisions.
Table 4.2.1.16 shows the ranking of States and Divisions by average monthly household
income.
Mandalay City has the average monthly household income of 11058.03 kyats and Yangon
City has the average monthly household income of 18997.36 kyats.
15
4.2.2. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household lncome Class
The monthly income of households is divided into 15 income classes. The percentage
distribution of households by monthly income class is shown for the Union in Table 4.2.2 and for
the States and Divisions in Tables 4.2.2.1 to 4.2.2.14.
For the Union as a whole, 6% of the households have the monthly income of 2000 kyats and
less. 64% of the households have the monthly income of 2001 to I 0000 kyats, 20% have the
monthly income of 10001 to 20000 kyats and 10% have the monthly income of 20001 kyats and
above.
For the Urban Myanmar, 5% of the households have the monthly income of 2000 kyats and '
less. 59% of the households have the monthly income of 2001 to 10000 kyats, 24% have the
monthly income of 10001 to 20000 kyats and 13% have the monthly income of 20001 kyats and
above.
For the Rural Myanmar, 7% of the households have the monthly income of 2000 kyats and
less. 69% have the monthly income of 2001 to I 0000 kyats, I 7% have the monthly income of
l 000 I to 20000 kyats and 7% have the monthly income of 20001 kyats and above.
Percent of households with monthly income of I 0000 kyats and less for the Rural Myanmar
is more than the percent of households with monthly income of 10000 kyats and less for the Urban
Myanmar. On the other hand, percent of households with monthly income of I 000 I kyats and
above for the Rural Myanmar is less than the percent of households with monthly income of I 000 I
kyats and above for the Urban Myanmar.
In the monthly income class of 2000 kyats and less for the States and Divisions as a whole,
Chin State has the highest percentage, followed closely by Kayah State. States and Divisions with
I 0% or more of households having the monthly income of 2000 kyats and less are: Rakhine State
(13%), Shan State (11%), and Saging Division (10%) besides Chin State (21%) and Kayah State
(21%).
In that income class for the Urban States and Divisions, Rakhine State has the highest
percentage among the Urban States and Divisions. Urban States and Divisions with I 0% or more of
households having that monthly income are Chin State (13%), Sagaing Division (10%), and
Magway Division (10%) besides the Rakhine State (16%).
In the same income class for the Rural States and Divisions, Kayah State has the highest
percentage among the Rural States and Divisions. Rural States and Divisions with I 0% or more of
households in that income class are Chin State (23%), Shan State (14%), Rakhine State (13%) and
Sagaing Division (11%) besides Kayah State (26%).
In the monthly income class of 2001 to 10000 kyats, for the States and Divisions as a
whole, Magway Division has the highest percentage of households. States and Divisions with 70%
16
or more of households in that incomes class are Kayah State (73%), Mandalay Division (72%),
Bago Division (71 %), and Rakhine State (70%) besides MagwaY. Division (87%).
In that income class, for the Urban States and Divisions, Kayah State has the highest
percentage among Urban States and Divisions. Urban States and Divisions with 70% or more of
households having that incomes class are Magway Division (75%), Mandalay Division (71°/o), and
Ayeyarwady Division (70%) besides Kayah State (80%).
In that income class, for the Rural States and Divisions, Magway Division has the highest
percentage of households among Rural States and Divisions. Rural States and Divisions with 70%
or more of households having that income class are Bago Division (74%), Shan State (73%) and
Mandalay Division (72%) and Rakhine State (71 %) besides Magway Division (90%).
In the income class of 10001 to 20000 kyats, for the States and Divisions as a whole, Kayah
State has the lowest percentage and Tanintharyi Division has the highest percentage. State and
Division with I 0% or less of households in that income class is Magway Division (7%), besides
Kayah State (7%).
In that income class, for the Urban States and Divisions, Kayah State has the lowest
percentage of (8%) among the Urban States and Divisions. No other Urban States or Divisions have
(10%) or less of households in that income class.
In that income class, for the Rural States and Divisions, Kayah State has the lowest
percentage of households among the Rural States and Divisions. Rural State and Division with I 0%
or less of households in that income class is Magway Division (6%), besides Kayah State ( 4%).
In the income class of 20001 kyats and above for the States and Divisions, Kayah State has
the lowest percentage of households. States and Divisions with I 0% and less of households with
that income class are: Magway Division (2%), Rakhine State (3%), Chin State (3%), Shan State
(6%), Sagaing Division (6%), Bago Division (6%), Mandalay Division (7%), Mon State (9%)
besides Kayah State (1%).
In thiJ.t income class, for the Urban States and Divisions, Kayah State has the lowest
percentage of households among the Urban States and Divisions. Urban States. and Divisions with
10% or less of households in that income class are: Magway Division (3%), Rakhine State (3%),
Mandalay Division (6%), Ayeyarwady Division (7%), Sagaing Division (7%), Mon State (8%) and
Chin State (9%) besides Kayah State (3%).
In that income class, for the Rural States and Divisions, Kayah State has the lowest
percentage of households among the Rural States and Divisions. Rural States and Divisions with
I 0% and less of households having that income class are: Magway Division (2%), Rakhine State
(3%), Chin State (3%), Shan State (6%), Sagaing Division (6%), Bago Division (6%), Mandalay
Division (7%), Mon State (9%) besides Kayah State (1 %).
17
Tables 4.2.2.15 to 4.2.2.17 show the percentage distribution of households by .combined
monthly household income class.
4.3.Monthly Household Expenditure
In the HIES (1997), household expenditure was collected on 32 main groups. Ten groups
referred to the consumption of these items during the day before the day the household was
interviewed. Two items referred to the consumption of these items during 7 days before the day the
household was interviewed. Six items referred to the consumption of these items during the 30 days
before the day the household was interviewed. One item referred to the consumption of this item
during 30 days or during 12 months before the day the household was interviewed. Thirteen items
referred to the consumption of these items during 12 months before the day the household was
interviewed. Table 4.3.1 and 4.3.1.1 to 4.3.1.14 show the average expenditure of households on
these items, grouped into 2 main groups of-
(1) Food and beverages,
(2) Non-food
Under food and beverages, there are 16 items. There are 17 items under non-food.
4.3.1. Average Monthly Household Expenditure (Total)
Mean monthly household expenditure (Total) is estimated as 13784.51 kyats for the Union,
15266.42 kyats for the Urban Myanmar, 13091.16 kyats for the Rural Myanmar. It shows that mean
monthly household expenditure of Rural Myanmar is less than the mean monthly household
expenditure of Urban Myanmar by 2175.26 kyats. Table 4.3.1.15 shows the average monthly
household expenditure for the States and Divisions.
Median monthly household expenditure is estimated as 13549.52 kyats for the Union,
13672.85 kyats for the Urban Myanmar and 13499.80 kyats for the Rural Myanmar. This means
that half of the households have the monthly expenditure to be less than 13549.52 kyats for the
Union, to be less than 13672.85 kyats for the Urban Myanmar and to be less than 13499.80 kyats
for the Rural Myanmar. Thus, median monthly household expenditure for Urban Myanmar is only
slightly larger than that of Rural Myanmar.
Tanintharyi Division has the highest monthly household expenditure among the States and
·Divisions with 19294.50 kyats, followed by Shan State with 16649.91 kyats and Kachin State with
16368.98 kyats. Tanintharyi Division has the highest monthly household expenditure among the
Urban States and Divisions with 19929.62 kyats, followed by Shan State with 19540.74 kyats and
Kachin State with 19074.86 kyats. Tanintharyi Division has the highest monthly household
expenditure among the Rural States and Divisions with 19041.34 kyats, followed by Shan State
18
with 15815.44 kyats and Kachin State with 15494.24 kyats. Table 4.3.1.16 shows the ranking of
States and Divisions by monthly household expenditure.
Average monthly household expenditure of Mandalay City is 18273.60 kyats and average
monthly household expenditure of Yangon City is 16234.81 kyats.
4.3.2.Monthly Household Expenditure on Food and Beverages
Monthly household expenditure on food and beverages is estimated as 9779.45 kyats for the
Union, 10419.99 kyats for the Urban Myanmar and 9479.30 kyats for the Rural Myanmar. Monthly
household expenditure on food and beverages for the Union is 71 % of the total monthly household
expenditure for the Union. The percentages are 68% for the Urban Myanmar and 72% for the Rural
Myanmar. This shows that rural households in Myanmar spend more on food and beverages
compared to urban households in Myanmar.
For the Union, monthly household expenditure on rice and cereals is 20% of the monthly
household expenditure, being the highest percentage among the 16 items under food and beverages.
The two next highest items are cooking oil and fats with 9% and meat with 7%.
For the Urban Myanmar, monthly household expenditure on rice and cereals is I 6% of the
monthly household expenditure, being the highest percentage among the 16 items under food and
beverages. The two next highest items are meat with 9% and cooking oil and fats with 8%.
For the Rural Myanmar, monthly household expenditure on rice and cereals is 22% of the
monthly household expenditure, being the highest percentage among the 16 items under food and
beverages. The two next highest items are cooking ciil and fats with I 0% and meat with 7%.
Households in Rural Myanmar spend more than the households in Urban Myanmar on such
items as, rice and other cereals, pulses, ngapi and nganpyaye, vegetables, cooking oil and fats,
spices and condiments, beverages, sugar and other food. On such items as meat, eggs, fish and
crustacea (fresh), fish and crustacea (dried), fruits, milk and milk products, other miscellaneous
food and food taken outside home, households in Urban Myanmar spend more than the households
in Rural Myanmar.
Of the monthly household expenditures on food and beverages spent by States and
Divisions, Tanintharyi Division has the highest monthly household expenditure on food and
beverages with 13099.47 kyats, followed by.Shan State with 12144.78 kyats and Kachin State with
11849.72 kyats.
Of the monthly household expenditures on food and beverages spent by Urban States and
Divisions, Tanintharyi Division has the highest monthly household expenditure on food and
beverages with 13726.32 kyats, followed by Kachin State with 13660.87 kyats and Shan State with
13178.02 kyats.
19
Of the monthly household expenditures on food and beverages spent by Rural States and
Divisions, Tanintharyi Division has the highest monthly household expenditure on food and
beverages with 12849.61 kyats, followed by Shan State with 11846.52 kyats and Kachin State with
11264.22 kyats. Table 4.3.2 shows the monthly household expenditure on food and beverages.
Table 4.3.2.1 shows the ranking of States and Divisions in decreasing order of monthly household
expenditure on food and beverages.
Monthly household expenditure on food and beverages of Mandalay City is 12700.56 kyats
and monthly household expenditure on food and beverages of Yangon City is I 0417. 19 kyats.
4.3.3.Monthly Household Expenditure on Non-food
It is estimated that monthly household expenditure on non-food is 4005.06 kyats for the
Union as whole, 4846.43 kyats for the Urban Myanmar and 3611.86 kyats for the Rural Myanmar.
Estimated monthly household expenditure on non-food for the Union, as a whole is 29% of the
estimated total monthly household expenditure for the Union as a whole. The percentage is 32% for
the Urban Myanmar and 28% for the Rural Myanmar. Thus, Rural Myanmar spends more than
Urban Myanmar on food and beverages, but Urban Myanmar spends more than Rural Myanmar on
non-food which reflects the true consumption patterns of urban and rural households.
All of the percentages of monthly household expenditure on each of the non-food items are
less than 5%, the highest being the percentage of monthly household expenditure spent on fuel and
light. The percentage is 4.80% for the Union, 4.82% for the Urban Myanmar and 4.87% for the
Rural Myanmar. The two items .with the next highest percentages are charity and ceremonials,
clothing and apparel. The percentage of monthly household expenditure on charity and
ceremonials is 3.74% for the Union as a whole, 3.84% for Urban Myanmar and 3.67% for Rural
Myanmar. The percentage of monthly household expenditure on clothing and apparel is 3.31 % for
the Union, 3.41 % for the Urban Myanmar and 3.14% for the Rural Myanmar.
Monthly household expenditure for educational purposes in 1.43 % of total monthly
household expenditure for the Union, 1.9 % for Urban Myanmar and 1.06 % for Rural Myanmar.
Thus as a percent of total monthly household expenditure, Urban Myanmar households spend 0.84
% more on education than Rural Myanmar households.
Household expenditure for educational purposes is 289.91 kyats for Urban Myanmar and
139.43 kyats for Rural Myanmar. This implies that expenditure for educational purposes of
households in Urban Mynamar is twice that of the households in Rural Myanmar.
Monthly household expenditure on medical care as a percent of total monthly household
expenditure is 1.81 % for the Union, 1.68 % for Urban Myanmar and 1.80 % for Rural Myanmar.
Household expenditure on medical care is 256.02 Kyats for Urban Myanmar and 235.20 kyats for
20
Rural Myanmar. Thus, households m Urban Myanmar spend only slightly .more than the
households in Rural Myanmar on medical care.
Monthly household expenditure for recreation is pretty low, 0.3 I % for Union, 0.33 % for
the Urban Myanmar, 0.30 % for the Rural Myanmar. As is expected, Urban Myanmar households
spend more on recreation than Rural Myanmar households. Monthly household expenditures for
journey travelling expenses is also low, 0.68 % for the Union, 0.79 % for Urban Myanmar and
0.64 % for the Rural Myanmar. As is expected, Urban Myanmar households spend more on journey
travelling expenses than Rural Myanmar households.
It is interesting to note that expenditure on charity and ceremonials as a percent of total
household expenditure is comparatively high. It is second to the expenditure on fuel and light and
much more than expenditure on medical care and education as a percentage of total monthly
expenditure.
Among the non-food items, monthly household expenditures on such items as travelling
expenses, journey travelling expenses, clothing and apparel, personal use good, cleansing and toilet,
house rent and repairs, stationary and school supplies, education, recreation, charity and
ceremonials for Urban Myanmar are higher than the respective monthly household expenditures
for Rural Myanmar. For such items as tobacco, fuel and light, crockeries, other household goods,
furniture, medical care and other expenses, Rural Myanmar households are found to spend more
than Urban Myanmar households.
For the monthly household expenditure on non-food of the households of States and
Divisions, Tanintharyi Division has the highest monthly household expenditure with 6195.03 kyats,
followed by Yangon Division with 5400.44 kyats and Kachin State with 4519.26 kyats.
For the monthly household expenditure on non-food of the households of Urban States and
Divisions, Shan State has the highest monthly household expenditure on non-food with 6262. 72
kyats, followed by Tanintharyi Division with 6203 .31 kyats and Yangon Division with 5716.18
kyats.
For the monthly household expenditure on non-food of the households of Rural Myanmar,
Tanintharyi Division has the highest monthly expenditure on non-food, followed by Yangon
Division with 4491.88 kyats and Kachin State with 4230.02 kyats.
Monthly household expenditure on non-food of Mandalay City 1s 5573.05 kyats and
monthly household expenditure on non-food of Yangon City is 5817.62 kyats.
Table 4.3.3 shows the monthly household expenditure on non-food. Table 4.3.3. l shows the
ranking of States and Divisions by monthly household expenditure on non-food.
21
4.3.4 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class
Households are classified by 15 monthly expenditure classes and percentage distributions of
households by monthly household expenditure class are obtained as shown in Tables 4.3 .4 and
4.3.4. l to 4.3.4.14.
For the Union as a whole, 9% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of
6000 kyats and less. 50% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of between
. 6001 and 14000 kyats, 21 % of the households have the monthly household expenditure of between
14001 and 20000 kyats and 21 % of the households have the monthly household expenditure of
2000 l kyats and above.
For the Urban Myanmar, 10% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of
6000 kyats and less. 4 7% have the monthly household expenditure of between 600 I and 14000
kyats, 21 % have the monthly household expenditure of between 1400 I and 20000 kyats and 22%
have the monthly household expenditure of 20001 kyats and abov.e.
For the Rural Myanmar, 8% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of
6000 kyats and less. 51 % have the monthly household expenditure of between 6001 and 14000
kyats, 21 % have the monthly household expenditure of between 1400 I and 20000 kyats and 20%
have the monthly household expenditure of 20001 kyats and above.
In the monthly household expenditure class of 6000 kyats and less for the States and
Divisions as a whole, Chin State has the highest percentage of households in that monthly
household 'expenditure class. The other two States and Divisions with the next highest percentage
of households in that monthly household expenditure class are Magway Division and Kayah State.
In that same monthly household expenditure class, for the Urban States and Divisions,
Ayeyarwady Division has the highest percentage of households. The other two Urban States and
Divisions with the next highest percentage of households in that monthly household expenditure
class are Magway Division and Rakhine State.
In that same monthly household expenditure class, for the Rural States and Divisions, Chin
State has the highest percentage of households. The other two Rural States. and Divisions with the
next highest percentage of households in that monthly hOusehold expenditure class are Kayah State
and Magway Division.
In the monthly household expenditure class of between 600 I and 14000 kyats for the States
and Divisions as a whole, Magway Division has the highest percentage of households, followed by
Sagaing Division and Kayah State.
In that same monthly household expenditure class, for the Urban States and Divisions,
Kayah State has the highest percentage of households followed by Magway Divi~ion and Mon
State:
22
In that same monthly household expenditure class, for the Rural States and Divisions,
Magway Division has the highest percentage of households followed by Sagaing and Mandalay
Divisions.
In. the monthly household expenditure class of between 1400 I and 20000 kyats for the
States and Divisions as a whole, Kayin State has the highest percentage of households, followed by
Tanintharyi Division and Kachin State.
In that same monthly household expenditure class, Kayin State has the highest percentage
of households among the Urban States and Divisions, followed by Shan State and Tanintharyi
Division.
In that same monthly household expenditure class, Kayiri State has the highest percentage
of households among the Rural States and Divisions, followed by Kachin State and Tanintharyi
Division.
In the monthly household expenditure class of 20001 kyats and above, Tanintharyi Division
has the highest percentage of households among the States and Divisions as a whole, followed by
Shan and Kachin States.
In that same monthly household expenditure class, Kachin State has the highest percentage
of households among the Urban States and Divisions, followed by Shan State and Tanintharyi
Division.
In that same monthly household expenditure class, Tanintharyi Division has the highest
percentage of households among the Rural States ?-nd Divisions, followed by Shan State and
Ayeyarwady Division.
Tables 4.3.4.15 to 4.3.4.17 show the percentage distributions of households by combined
monthly household expenditure class.
5. Summary Findings
5.1. Average Household Size Average household size for the Union is 5.25, for the Urban Myanmar is 5.22 and for the.
Rural Myanmar is 5.32.Thus, average household size of Rural Myanmar is only slightly larger than
that of the Urban Myanmar.
Among the States and Divisions, Kachin State has the largest average household size with
6.63 and Bago Division has the smallest average household size with 4.62.
Among the Urban States and Divisions, Kachin State has the largest household size with
6.81 and Mandalay Division has the smallest household size with 4. 94.
Among the Rural States and Divisions, Chin State has the largest household size with 6.67
and Bago Division has the smallest household size with 4.48.
23
In some States and Divisions, rural average household size is larger than urban average
household size. These States and Divisions are: Kayah, Chin and Mon States, Sagaing, Mandalay,
Magway and Ayeyarwady Divisions.
Mandalay City has the average household size of 4.89. Yangon City has the average
household size of 5.16.
5.2 Household Size Distribution
For the Union, 8.79% of the urban households have household sizes of I to 2 persons.
76.45% of the urban households have household sizes of 3 to 7 persons, 12. 14% have household
sizes of 8 to. 10 persons and 2.63% of the households have household sizes of 11 persons and
above.
7.66% of the rural households have household sizes of I to 2 persons. 77.40% of the rural
households have household sizes of3 to 7 persons, I 2. 97% have household sizes of 8 to I 0 persons
and I. 99% have household sizes of I 1 persons and above.
In most of the States and Divisions, less than 10% of the households have the household
· sizes of I to 2 persons. In some States and Divisions, less than I 0% of the households have the
household sizes of 1 person or 1 to 3 persons or I to 4 persons.
Similarly, in most of the States and Divisions, less than I 0% of the households have
household sizes of 8 to 11 persons and above. But in some States and Divisions, less than 10% of
the households have the household sizes of 7 to I I persons and above or 9 to I I persons and above.
In Mandalay City, 7.73% of the households have the household sizes of I to 2 persons.
82.55% of the households have household sizes of 3 to 7 persons, 8.84% of the households have
household sizes of8 to IO persons and 0.89% of the households have household sizes of 11 persons
and above.
In Yangon City, 7.15%· of the hol!seholds have the household sizes of I to 2 persons.
78.89% of the households have household sizes of 3 to 7 persons, 10.71% of the household have
household sizes of 8 to 10 persons and 2.27% of the households have household sizes of 11 persons
and more.
5.3 Average Monthly Household Income
For the Union, mean and median monthly household incomes are estimated as l 0122. 98
kyats. and 6966.15 kyats respectively. 50.68% of the average monthly household income is
contributed by wages and salaries, 43.86% is contributed by entrepreneurial income.
For the Urban Myanmar, mean and median monthly household incomes are estimated as
13005.76 kyats and 7369.58 kyats, respectively. 79.89% of this income is contributed by wages and
salaries, 15.33% is contributed by entrepreneurial income.
24
For the Rural Myanmar, mean and median monthly household incomes are estimated as
8905.65 kyats and 6604.60 kyats, respectively. 38.78% of this income is contributed by wages and
salaries, 55.91% is contributed by entrepreneurial income.
Wages and salaries contribute to the average monthly household income much more in the
Urban Myanmar than in the Rural Myanmar. The reverse is true for the entrepreneurial income.
Highest contribution by the wages and salaries to the average monthly household income
happens in Yangon Division among the States and Divisions as a whole. It occurs in Kayin State
among the Urban States and Divisions, and in Kachin State among the Rural States and Divisions.
Lowest contribution by the wages and salaries to the average monthly household income
happens in Chin State for the States and Divisions as a whole and also for Urban and Rural States
and Divisions.
The highest contribution by the entrepreneurial income to the average monthly household
income happens in Chin State for the States and Divisions as a whole and also for the Urban and
Rural States and Divisions.
The lowest contribution by the entrepreneurial income to the average monthly household
income happens in Yangon Division for the States and Divisions as a whole and also for the Urban
States and Divisions. It happens in Rakhine State for the Rural States and Divisions.
Yangon Division has the highest average household income for the States and Divisions as
a whole. Kachin State has the highest average household income for the Urban States and
Divisions. Ayeyarwady Division has the highest average household income for the Rural States and
Divisions.
Mandalay City has the average monthly household income of 11058.03 kyats.
Yangon City has the average monthly household income of 18997.36 kyats.
In Mandalay City, wages and salaries contribute 84.68% and entrepreneurial income
contributes 12.51% of the average monthly household income.
In Yangon City, wages and salaries contribute 86.03% and entrepreneurial mcome
contributes 6.02% of the average monthly household income.
5.4. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class
For the Union, 6% of the households have the monthly household income of 2000 kyats and
less. 66% of the households have the monthly household income of 200 I to I 0000 kyats. I 9% have
the monthly income of 10001 to 20000 kyats and 9% have the monthly income of 20001 kyats. and
above.
5% of the households in the Urban Myanmar and 7% of the households in the Rural
Myanmar have the monthly income of2000 kyats and less.
25
12% of the households in the Urban Myanmar have the monthly income of 20001 kyats and
above, but only 7% of the households in the Rural Myanmar have that income.
Generally, percent of households with monthly income of 10000 kyats and less in the Rural
Myanmar is more than the percent of households with that income in the Urban Myanmar. The
reverse is true for the monthly household income of 2000 I kyats and above.
In the household income class of 2000 kyats and less, Chin State has the highest percentage
of households among the States and Divisions. Rakhine State has the highest percentage of
households among the Urban States and Divisions. Kayah State has the highest percentage of
households among the Rural States and Divisions.
In the household income class of 20001 kyats and above, Kayah State has the lowest
percentage of households among the States and Divisions as a whole and also among the Urban and
Rural States and Divisions.
In the Mandalay City, 1.66% of the households have the monthly household income of 2000
kyats and less. 63. 7% of the households have the monthly household income of 2001 to 10000
kyats, 26.51 % of the household have the monthly household income of 1000 l to 20000 kyats and
8.05% of the household have the monthly household income of 20001 kyats and above.
In the Yangon City, 2.34% of the households have the monthly household income of 2000
kyats and less. 46.4% of the households have the monthly household income of 2001 to I 0000
kyats, 30. I 9% of the household have the monthly household income of 10001 to 20000 kyats and
21.03% of the households have the monthly household income of 2000 I kyats and above.
5.5 Average Monthly Household Expenditure
Mean and median monthly household expenditures are estimated as 13784.51 kyats and
13549.52 kyats for the Union, 15266.42 kyats and 13672.85 kyats for the Urban Myanmar and
I 3091.16 kyats and 13499.80 kyats for the Rural Myanmar, respectively.
Tanintharyi State has the highest monthly expenditure among the overall States and
Divisions, and also among the Urban and Rural States and Divisions. Next come Shan and Kachin
States.
Monthly household expenditure on food and beverages is estimated as 9738.34 kyats for the
Union, 10281.52 kyats for the Urban Myanmar and 9479.30 kyats for the Rural Myanmar.
It is 71 % of the monthly household expenditure (total) for the Union, 68% for the Urban
Myanmar and 72% for the Rural Myanmar.
Monthly household expenditure on nee and cereals is 20% of the monthly household
expenditure for the Union, 16% for the Urban Myanmar and 22% for the Rural Myanmar.
Monthly household expenditure on non-food is estimated as 4005.06 kyats for the Union,
4846.43 kyats for the Urban Myanmar and 3611.86 kyats for the Rural Myanmar.
26
It is 29% of the monthly household expenditure for the Union, 32% for the Urban Myanmar
and 28% for the Rural Myanmar.
Average monthly household expenditure of Mandalay City is estimated as 18273.60 kyats
and that of Yangon City is estimated as 16234.81 kyats.
Average monthly household expenditure on food and beverages of Mandalay City 1s
estimated as 12700.56 kyats and that of Yangon City is 10417.19 kyats.
Average monthly household expenditure on non-food of the Mandalay City is estimated as
5573.05 kyats and that of Yangon City is 5817.62 kyats.
5.6 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class
For the Union, 8.47% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of 6000
kyats and less. 49.76% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of 6001 to
14000 kyats. 21.08% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of 14001 to 20000
kyats and 20.68% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of 20001 kyats and
above.
Percents of households with the monthly household expenditure of 6000 kyats and less,
20001 kyats and above for the Urban Myanmar are higher than those for the Rural Myanmar.
Percents of households .with the monthly household expenditure of 6001 to 14000 kyats
and 14001 to 20000 kyats for the Urban Myanmar are lower than those for the Rural Myanmar.
Chin State has the highest percent of households with the monthly household expenditure of
6000 kyats and less among the States and Divisions as a whole and also among the Rural States and
Divisions. In that expenditure class, Magway Division has the highest perc.ent of households among
the Urban States and Divisions.
In the· monthly household expenditure class of 6001 to 14000 kyats, Magway Division has
the highest percent of households among the States and Divisions as a whole and also among the
Rural States and Divisions. In that expenditure class, Kayah State has the highest percent of
households among the Urban States and Divisions.
In the monthly household expenditure class of 14001 to 20000 kyats, Kayin State has the
highest percent of households among the States and Divisions as a whole, and also among Urban
and Rural States and Divisions.
In the monthly household expenditure class of 20001 kyats and above, Tanintharyi Division
has the highest percent of households among the States and Divisions as a whole and also among
the Rural States and Divisions. In that expenditure class, Kachin State has the highest percent of
households among the Urban States and Divisions.
In Mandalay City, 1.08% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of
6000 kyats or less. 44.6% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of 6001 to
27
14000 kyats, 30.02% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of 14001 to 20000
kyats and 24.32% have the monthly household expenditure of 20001 kyats and above.
In Yangon City, 4.37% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of 6000
kyats or less. 41. 95% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of 6001 to 14000
kyats. 25 .3 7% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of 14001 to 20000 kyats
and 28 .3 I% have the monthly household expenditure of 2000 I kyats and above.
Estimates for Yangon city and Mandalay city are shown in Tables 5.1 and 5.2.
5.7 Comparison with Household Expenditure Survey (1989)
In the HIES (1997), average household size for the Union is 5.25 which is only slightly less
than the value 5.27 obtained in HES (1989).
In the HIES (1997), monthly household expenditure for the U.nion is 13784.51 kyats which
is quite different from the value 1795.50 kyats obtained in HES (1989). Thus, monthly household
expenditure for the Union obtained in HIES (1997) is 7.68 times the value obtained in HES (1989).
In the HIES (1997), percentage contribution of expenditure on food and beverages to the
monthly household expenditure is 70.95% which is less than 74.03% obtained in HES (1989).
Percentage contribution of expenditure on non-food to the monthly household expenditure is
29.05%, which is greater than 25.97% obtained in HES (1989).
Monthly household expenditure for the Urban Myanmar is obtained as 15266.42 kyats
which is quite different from the value 1947.75 kyats obtained in HES ( 1989). Monthly household
expenditure for the Urban Myanmar obtained in the HIES ( 1997) is 7.84 times the value obtained in
HES (1989).
Monthly household expenditure for the Rural Myanmar is obtained as 13091.16 kyats
which is quite different from the value 1743 .92 kyats obtained in HES ( 1989). Monthly household
expenditure for the Rural Myanmar obtained in the HIES (1997) is 7.51 times the value obtained in
HES (1989).
In all the States. and Divisions monthly household expenditures obtained in HIES ( 1997) are
5. 77 to 9.64 times the values obtained in HES (1989).
Average household size of Mandalay City IS 4.89 In the HIES ( 1997) and IS 5.48
in HES ( 1989).
Average household size of Yangon City IS 5.16 In the HIES (1997) and IS 5. 18
in HES (1989).
Average household expenditure of Mandalay City is 18273.60 kyats in the HIES (1997) and
it is 1959.00 kyats in HES (1989). Average household expenditure of Mandalay City obtained in
the HIES (I 997) is 9.33 times the value obtained in HES (1989).
28
Average household expenditure of Yangon City is 16234.81 kyats in the HIES (1997) and it
is 2026.37 kyats in HES (1989). Average household expenditure of Yangon City obtained in the
HIES (I 997) is 8.01 times the value obtained in HES (1989).
Tables 5.3 and 5.4 show some comparisons between the results obtained in HES (1989) and
HIES ( 1997).
6. Comments and Conclusion
HIES (I 997) was carried out with a relatively short period of six months preparation time.
But CSO was able to use the well-trained staff to conduct the survey nation wide, except in a few
inaccessible townships. Although some townships have to be left out from the sampling frame, the
survey was designed to represent the sample population and also to enable to find estimates at the
Union level, State and Division level, Township level, including Rural and Urban at each level.
Besides the random sampling of townships, based on which the estimates were calculated, some
townships of interest were also surveyed to be able to calculate estimates for those special
townships.
Minimum number of sample townships was used within the capacity of staff strength of
CSO, but was enough to find estimates. For simplicity and due to lack of necessary data, simple
random sampling was used at each stage of the three-stage sampling. If time permits and if the
necessary data could have been available, more suitable sample design could be used.
Except the outcome of some unexpected results, the survey results support the well
accepted cases. It sheds light on the situation of States and Divisions, Rural and Urban. The
peculiar fact of getting household income to be less than household expenditure in some previous
economic surveys of Myanmar households has to be faced in this survey too. This may be either
due to the wnderreporting of the household income by the respondents and overreporting of the
household expenditure by the respondents, not reporting the extra income or due to actual
overspending of the households. Except this unavoidable and some irregularities in the survey
results, the survey results seem to shed light on household expenditure patterns and also yield
valuable information for the computation of living cost based on CPI for the whole of Myanmar as
well as by region and key city.
Statistical Tables
30
Table 4.1 Percentage. Distribution of Ho.useholds by Size
Union
'\J.
31
Table 4.1.I Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Kachin State
Household Size Urban Rural
person 0.64 0.69
2 persons 7.39 2.28 .... persons 5.48 5.82 .J
4 persons 9.96 10.67
5 persons 15.80 16.44
6 persons 12.63 17.70
7 persons 14.17 15.50
8 persons 7.08 10.27
9 persons 7.43 9.13
10 persons 6.48 4.39
11 persons & above 12.92 7 .11
Total 100.00 100.00
Table 4.1.2 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Kayah State
State
0.68
3.53
5.74
10.49
16.28
16.46
15.17
9.49
8.72
4.90
8.53
100.00
S.N.1
2
3
4
5
6
7
s 9
10
11
S.N.1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
32
Table 4.1.3 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Kayin State
Household Size Urban 1- Rural -I person 0.86 2.06
2 persons 3.42 6.48
... persons 6.97 12.29 .)
4 persons. 14.81 17.58
5 persons 21.14 1.9.80
6 persons 16. 71 15.11
7 persons 11.93 11.44
8 persons 8.81 6.95
9 persons 7.36 5.27
10 persons 4.61 0.90
11 persons & above 3.36 2.54
Total 100.00 100.00
Table 4.1.4 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Chin State
Household Size Urban Rural I 1 person 4.94 0.59
2 persons 5.79 3.41
3 persons 12.64 5.61
4 persons 13.64 13.03
5 persons 9.03 13.98
6 persons 12.00 15.78
7 persons 14.03 13.81
8 persons 10.61 9.44
9 persons 8.39 9.02
10 persons . 4.79 6.97
11 persons & above 4.15 8.36
Total 100.00 100.00
State
1.91
6.11
11.64
17.25
19.97
15.30
11.50
7.18
5.53
1.35
2.64
100.00
State
1.40
3.85
6.91
13.15
13.07
15.08
13.85
9.66
8.90
6.56
7.58
100.00
S.N.
2
~
.)
4
5
6
7
8
9
IO
I I
S.N.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
l I
33
Table 4.1.5 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size
Sagaing Division
Household Size Urban Rural Division
person 3.78 1.62
2 persons 8.02 6.53
3 persons 14.54 I 1.22
4 persons 16.42 16.05
5 persons 1..5.26 15.87
6 persons 16.13 I 7.37
7 persons I 1.7 I 12.20
8 persons 7.69. 7.55
9 persons 3.01 5.66
10 persons 1.85 2.81
11 persons & above 1.56 3.12
Total 100.00 100.00
Table 4.1.6 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Tanintharyi Division
Household Size Urban Rural
person l.19 1.87
2 persons 4.53 6.57
3 persons 9.08 10.94
4 persons 13. I 0 15.19
5 persons 17.85 17.74
6 persons I 8.57 14.5 I
7 persons 15.94 12.75
8 persons 8.56 9.85
9 persons 4.52 5.88
10 persons 2.14 2.20
11 persons & above 4.54 2.51
Total 100.00 100.00
1.99
6.79
11.79
16.1 I
15.76
17. 16
12. 12
7.57
5.20
2.64
2.85
100.00
Division
1.68
5.99
10.41
14.60
17.77
15.67
13.65
9.48
5.49
2.18
3.09
100.00
S.N.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
S.N.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
34
Table 4.1.7 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Bago Division
Household Size Urban Rural
person 1.88 1.94
2 persons 6.09 9.21 ..,
persons 17.56 19.59 .)
4 persons 17.86 25.51
5 persons 20.58 18.24
6 persons 16.33 12.50
7 persons 8.08 7.69
8 persons 4.10 3.38
9 persons 3. I 7 1.02
10 persons 1.80 0.51
11 persons & above 2.56 0.42
Total 100.00 100.00
Table 4.1.8 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Magway Division
Division
1.93
8.46
I 9.10
23.67
18.80
13.42
7.78
3.55
1.54
0.82
0.94
100.00
Household Size Urban Rural Division
person 1.44 2.52 2.32
2 persons 7.08 5.44 5.74 ..,
persons 11.74 10.01 10.33 .)
4 persons 18.03 17.62 17.70
5 persons 18.10 17.88 17.92
6 persons 14.15 16.51 16.07
7 persons 11.03 13.50 13.05
8 persons 8.10 7.80 7.86
9 persons 4.11 4.12 4.12
10 persons 2.43 2.46 2.46
11 persons & above 3.79 2.16 2.46 I
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
S.N.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
35
Table 4.1.9 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Mandalay Division
Household Size Urban Rural
person 1.93 1.46
2 persons 8.67 4.8)
3 persons 13.27 11.10
4 persons 21.20 18.24
5 persons 21.91 19.12
6 persons 12.20 18.37
7 persons 8.57 12.68
8 persons 5.29 6.83
9 persons 3.82 4.00
10 persons 1.60 1.57
11 persons & above 1.56 1.85
Total 100.00 100.00
Table 4.1.10 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Mon State
Division
1.61
6.06
11.80
19.20
20.03
16.37
11.35
6.33
3.94
1.58
1.75
100.00
S.N.,
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
I I
S.N.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
36
Table 4.1.11 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Rakhine State
Household Size Urban Rural
person 2.21 1.64
2 persons 3.19 I 1.40 ..,
persons 9.37 14.71 j
4 persons I 6.3 l 19.68
5 persons 16.26 21.67
6 persons 14.47 13.09
7 persons 14.52 8.84
8 persons 6.36 4.52
9 persons 8.30 2.74
10 persons 4.66 1.29
11 persons & above 4.34 0.43
Total 100.00 100.00
Table 4.1.12 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Yangon Division
Household Size Urban Rural
person 1.41 1.67
2 persons 6.29 8.01
3 persons 15.06 13.8 I
4 persons 20.38 I 7.67
5 persons 21.26 21.73
6 persons 14.42 16.58
7 persons 8.58 8.08
8 persons 5.17 5.79
9 persons 3.54 3.31
10 persons 1.64 1.67
11 persons & above 2.26 1.69
Total 100.00 100.00
State
1.74
9.88
13.72
19.06
20.67
13.35
9.89
4.86
3.77
1.9 I
1.16
100.00
Division
1.48
6.73
14.73
19.68
21.38
14.98
8.45
5.33
3.48
1.64
2.1 I
100.00
S.N.1
2
3
4·
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
S.N.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
37
Table 4.1.13 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Shan State
Household Size Urban Rural
person 1.54 0.32
2 persons 3.00 4.11 ...,
persons 6.30 11.25 .J
4 persons 10.76 16.34
5 persons 17.84 17.97
6 persons 18.15 17.42
7 persons 14.16 13.33
8 persons 9.62 8.27
9 persons 7.62 6.58
10 persons 4.62 2.24
11 persons & above 6.40 2.19
Total 100.00 100.00
Table 4.1.14 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Ayeyarwady Division
State
0.59
3.86
10.14
15.09
17.95
17.58
13.51
8.57
6.81
2.77
3.13
100.00
Household Size Urban Rural Division
1 person 1.30 0.59 1.17
2 persons 9.99 4.91 9.07
3 persons 16.65 11.40 15.69
4 persons 20.58 20.66 20.60
5 persons 16.17 20.18 16.90
6 persons 13.41 16.44 13.96
7 persons 8.13 10.67 8.59
8 persons 6.45 6.69 6.49
9 persons 2.67 3.93 2.90
10 persons 2.68 2.82 2.71
11 persons & above 1.96 1.73 1.92
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
S.N.,
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
38
Table 4.2.1 Average Monthly Household Income by Source
Union
(Percent )
Source of Income Urban Rural Union
Average monthly income (Kyats) 13005.76 8905.65 10122.98
Wages and salaries
(I) In cash 77.87 37.83 49.71
(2) In kind 1.02 0.95 0.97
Entrepreneurial income 15.33 55.91 43.86
Pension 0.44 0.14 0.23
Rent 0.82 0.51 0.61
Interest 0.65 0.22 0.35
Remittances 2.67 0.93 1.44
Bonus and other 0.97 1.64 1.44
Other (In kind) 0.24 1.87 l.39
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
S.N.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S.N. J
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
39
Table 4.2.1.1 Average Monthly Household Income by Source Kachin State
(Percent)
Household Size Urban Rural State
Average monthly income (Kyats) 22883.62 10065.07 13196.61
Wages and salaries
(1) In cash 76.95 67.14 69.54
(2) In kind 0.69 0.23 0.34
Entrepreneurial mcome 17.09 28.07 25.39
Pension .0.35 0.21 0.24
Rent l.22 0.08 0.36
Interest 0.13 0.02 0.05
Remittances 2.77 0.37 0.96
Bonus and other 0.75 0.05 0.22
Other (In kind) 0.06 3.83 2.91
Tata! 100.00 100.00 100.00
Table 4.2.1.2 Average Monthly Household Income by Source Kayah State
(Percent)
Source of Income Urban Rural State
Average monthly income (Kyats) 5877.70 4072.44 4622.15
Wages and salaries
(1) In cash 62.51 28.47 38.84
(2) In kind 0.04 0.60 0.43
Entrepreneurial mcome 36.34 66.58 57.37
Pension 0.31 0.52 0.46
Rent 0.51 1.24 l.02
Interest 0.19 0.05 0.09
Remittances 0.04 0.22 0.17
Bonus and other 0.04 2.15 1.51
Other (In kind) 0.01 0.16 0.11
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
40
Table 4.2.1.3 Average Monthly Household Income by Source Kay in State
(Percent)
S.N., Household Size Urban Rural State
Average monthly income (Kyats) 1324 l.82 I 1599.90 I 1800.54
2 Wages and salaries
(1) In cash 86.67 58.65 62.08
(2) In kind 0.55. l.48 1.36 ..,
Entrepreneurial income 9. 14 33.46 30.49 j
4 Pension 0.47 0.08 0.13
5 Rent 0.90 0.56 0.60
6 Interest 0.26 0.35 0.34
7 Remittances 1.88 3.40 3.22
8 Bonus and other 0.02 0.12 0.11
9 Other (In kind) 0.10 1.89 1.67
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
Table 4.2.1.4 Average Monthly Household Income by Source Chin State
(Percent)
S.N. Source of Income Urban Rural State
I Average monthly income (Kyats) 9976.25 6121.53 6836.21
2 Wages and salaries
(1) In cash 41.42 8.45 14.56
(2) In kind 0.64 2.79 2.39
3 Entrepreneurial income 43.42 72.86 67.40
4 Pension 0.41 0.46 0.45
5 Rent 1.34 1.05 1.10
6 Interest 1.09 0.26 0.41
7 Remittances 3.64 1.69 2.05
8 Bonus and other 1.28 2.49 2.27
9 Other (In kind) 6.76 9.95 9.36
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
41
Table 4.2.1.5 ·Average Monthly Hou1sehold Income by Source Sagaing Division
(Percent )
S.N. Household Size Urban Rural Division
Average monthly income (Kyats) 8359.09 7636.89 7760.88
2 Wages and salaries
(1) In cash 80.08 39.39 46.38
(2) In kind 2.02 1.04 1.21
3 Entrepreneurial income 12.39 57.98 50.15
4 Pension 0.49 0.05 0.13
5 Rent 0.35 0.19 0.22
6 Interest 0.91 0.18 0.30
7 Remittances 2.02 0.50 0.76
8 Bonus and other 1.24 0.29 0.45
9 Other (In kind) 0.50 0.38 0.41
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
Table 4.2.1.6 Average Monthly Household Income by Source Tanintharyi Division
(Percent)
S.N. Source of Income Urban Rural Division
Average monthly income (Kyats) 16038.41 11387.18 12712.76
2 Wages and salaries
(1) In cash 85.08 63.39 69.57
(2) In kind 1.79 0.67 0.99
3 Entrepreneurial mcome 9.69 33.50 26.71
4 Pension 0.17 0.04 0.08
5 Rent 0.12 0.23 0.20
6 Interest 0.18 0.10 0.12
7 Remittances 2.50 1.72 1.94
8 Bonus and other 0.28 0.28 0.28
9 Other (In kind) 0.19 0.07 0.10
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
42
Table 4.2.1. 7 Average Monthly Household Income by Source
Bago Division
( Percent)
S.N. Household Size · Urban Rural Division
Average monthly income (Kyats) 12910.71 7329.02 8673.64
2 Wages and salaries
(1) In cash 57.44 3 l.66 37.87
(2) In kind l.60 2.74 2.47
3 Entrepreneurial income 33.89 54.38 49.44
4 Pension 0.33 0.29 0.30
5 Rent 0.59 I.I 0 0.97
6 Interest l.88 0.72 1.00
7 Remittances 2.53 0.99 1.36
8 Bonus and other l.38 7.63 6.12
9 Other (In kind) 0.37 0.50 0.46
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
Table 4.2.1.8 Average Monthly Household Income by Source
Magway Division
(Percent)
S.N. Source of Income Urban Rural Division
Average monthly income (Kyats) 7130.35 6431.25 6560.61
2 Wages and salaries
(1) In cash 74.75 35. 16 42.49
(2) In kind 0.66 0.42 0.47
3 Entrepreneurial income 20.00 59.38 52.09
4 Pension 0.75 0.30 0.38
5 Rent 0. 13 0.14 0.14
6 Interest 0.06 0.07 0.07
7 Remittances 2.99 1.43 1.72
8 Bonus and other 0.58 1.44 1.28
9 Other (In kind) 0.08 1.65 1.36
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
43
Table 4.2.1.9 Average Monthly Household Income by Source
S.N.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S.N.1
2
.,
.)
4
5
6
Mandalay Division
Household Size Urban Rural
Average monthly income (Kyats) 8943.08 8510.07
Wages and salaries
(1) In cash 80.21 36.68
(2) In kind 0.90 0.57
Entrepreneurial mcome '!4.11 61.42
Pension 0.29 0.02
Rent 1.12 0.70
Interest 0.55 0.00
Remittances 1.68 0.28
Bonus and other 0.64 0.31
Other (In kind) 0.50 0.00
Total 100.00 100.00
Table 4.2.1.10 Average Monthly Household Income by Source Mon State
Source of Income Urban I Rural
Average monthly income (Kyats) 10748.35 10777.56
Wages and salaries
(1) In cash 85.79 54.66
(2) In kind 0.54 1.90
Entrepreneurial mcome 6.36 31.44
Pension 0.18 0.16
Rent 0.32 0.47
Interest 0.30 0.65
7 . Remittances 5.48 5.47
8 Bonus and other 0.88 2.84
9 Other (In kind) 0.15 2.42
Total 100.00 100.00
(Percent)
Division
8650.39
50.79
0.68
46.09
0.11
0.84
0.18
0.74
0.41
0.16
100.00
(Percent)
State
10767.66
65.21
1.44
22.94
0.17
0.42
0.53
5.47
2.17
1.65
100.00
S.N.,
2
..,
.)
4
5
6
7
8
9
S.N.
2
..,
.)
4
5
6
7
8
9
44
Table 4.2.1.11 Average Monthly Household Income by Source Rakhine State
(Percent)
Household Size Urban Rural State
Average monthly income (Kyats) 7264.30 6523.69 6660.56
Wages and salaries
(1) In cash 77.79 60.83 63.97
(2) In kind 2.00 2.18 2.15
Entrepreneurial mcome 16.40 17.37 17.19
Pension 0.55 0.21 0.27
Rent 0.54 0.45 0.46
Interest 0.76 0.03 0.16
Remittances 1.29 0.38 0.55
Bonus and other 0.60 0.03 0.14
Other (In kind) 0.07 18.53 15. I I
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
Table 4.2.1.12 Average Monthly Household Income by Source Yangon Division
(Percent)
Source of Income Urban Rural Division
Average monthly income (Kyats) 18174.36 12306.09 16660.99
Wages and salaries
(1) In cash 85.46 61.98 79.41
(2) In kind 0.87 1.36 1.00
Entrepreneurial mcome 6.23 31.50 12.75
Pension 0.53 0.31 0.47
Rent 1.28 0.19 1.00
Interest 0.66 0.07 0.5 I
Remittances 3.60 1.90 3.16
Bonus and other 1.31 0.77 1.17
Other (In kind) 0.05 1.92 0.54
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
S.N.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S.N.
2
..,
.)
4
5
6
7
8
9
45
Table 4.2.1.13 Average Monthly Household Income by Source Shan State
(Percent)
Household Size Urban Rural State
Average monthly income (Kyats) 15 I 98.02 6429.72 8393.82
Wages and salaries
(1) In cash 82.97 37.16 47.42
(2) In kind 0.94 0.11 0.30
Entrepreneurial mcome 12.92 61.65 50.74
Pension 0.32 0.07 0.12
Rent 0.60 0.13 0.24
Interest 0. 12 0.00 0.03
Remittances 2.05 0.76 1.05
Bonus and other 0.05 0.01 0.02
Other (In kind) 0.03 0.11 0.09
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
Table 4.2.1.14 Average Monthly Household Income by Source Ayeyarwady Division
(Percent)
Source of Income Urban Rural Division
Average monthly income (Kyats) 9737.95 12884.96 12311.42
Wages and salaries
(1) In cash 63.43 24.05 31.23
(2) In kind 0.73 0.05 0.18
Entrepreneurial mcome 32.64 71.41 64.34
Pension 0.41 0.05 0.11
Rent 0.21 0.74 0.64
Interest 0.37 0.31 0.32
Remittances 1.15 0.26 0.42
Bonus and other 0.84 1.07 1.03
Other (In kind) 0.22 2.07 1.73
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
46
Table 4.2.2 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class Union
S.N. Income Class (Kyats) Urban Rural Union
Up to 2000 5.15 6.75 6.27
2 2001 to 4000 13.96 18.45 17.12
3 4001 to 6000 19.97 24.30 23.02
4 6001 to 8000 13.64 14.55 14.28
5 8001 to 10000 12.55 I 1.87 12.07
6 10001 to 12000 7.72 5.19 5.94
7 12001 to 14000 4.43 4.67 4.60 - -8 14001 to 16000 5. 16 2.78 3.49 -9 16001 to 18000 2.51 2.89 2.78
IO 18001 to 20000 2.53 1.5 I 1.81
1 I 20001 to 25000 3.22 2.85 2.98
12 25001 ·to 30000 2.39 1.55 1.80
13 30001 to 40000 2.23 1.25 1.54
14 40001 to 50000 1.29 0.74 0.91
15 50001 & above 3.16 0.68 1.41
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
47
Table 4.2.2.1 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class Kach in State
S.N. Income Class (Kyats) Urban Rural State
Up to 2000 3.87 5.51 5.11
2 2001 to 4000 7.70 13.74 12.26
3 4001 to 6000 17.75 21.54 20.62
4 6001 to 8000 7.41 14.14 12.50
s 8001 to 10000 7.38 13.74 12.19
6 10001 to 12000 8.02 8.40 8.30
7 12001 to 14000 4.81 6.27 5.91
8 14001 to 16000 5.51 5.00 5.12
9 16001 to 18000 2.88 2.62 2.68
10 18001 to 20000 4.54 2.09 2.69
11 20001 to 25000 8.72 3.61 4.85
12 25001 to 30000 4.53 0.76 1.68
13 30001 to 40000 3.90 0.97 1.68
14 40001 to 50000 5.19 1.18 2.16
15 50001 & above 7.80 0.42 2.22
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
Table 4.2.2.2 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class Kayah State
S.N. Income Class (Kyats) Urban Rural State
Up to 2000 9.99 25.73 . 20.94
2 2001 to 4000 29.08 36.74 34.41 ..,
4001 to 6000 27.00 21.04 22.86 .)
4 6001 to 8000 17.92 9.92 12.35
5 8001 to 10000 5.55 1.70 2.87
6 10001 to 12000 4.55 1.94 2.73
7 12001 to 14000 1.91 1.50 1.62
8 14001 to 16000 0.18 0.24 0.22
9 16001 to 18000 0.91 0.00 0.28
10 18001 to 20000 0.09 0.72 0.53
11 20001 to 25000 1.00 0.24 0.47
12 25001 to 30000 1.82 0.00 0.55
13 30001 to 40000 0.00 0.00 0.00
14 40001 to 50000 0.00 0.00 0.00
15 50001 & above 0.00 0.24 0.17
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
48
Table 4.2.2.3 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Ch1ss Kayin State
S.N. Income Class (Kyats) Urban Rural State
Up to 2000 4.34 6.66 6.37
2 2001 to 4000 13.21 14.89 14.69
3 4001 to 6000 14.24 16.53 16.25
4 6001 to 8000 12.64 13.31 13.22
5 8001 to 10000 11.14 12.67 12.48
6 10001 to 12000 10.29 5.52 6.10
7 12001 to 14000 4.69 5.45 5.36
8 14001 to 16000 4.34 5.54 5.40
9 16001 to 18000 3.65 3.07 3.14
10 18001 to 20000 3.26 2.00 2.15
l l 20001 to 25000 5.89 5.13 5.22
12 25001 to 30000 5.83 2.38 2.80
13 30001 to 40000 2.38 3.38 3.25
14 40001 to 50000 1.54 1.48 1.49
15 50001 & above 2.56 2.00 2.07
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
Table 4.2.2.4 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class Chin State
S.N. Income Class (Kyats) Urban Rural State
Up to 2000 12.94 22.97 21.11
2 2001 to 4000 20.94 23.46 22.99
3 4001 to 6000 19.46 17.39 17.77
4 6001 to 8000 13.24 13.10 13.13
5 8001 to 10000 7.21 7.18 7.18
6 10001 to 12000 7.00 4.46 4.93
7 12001 to 14000 4.03 4.05 4.05
8 14001 to 16000 3.00 3.03 3.03
9 16001 to 18000 3.21 1.72 2.00
10 18001 to 20000 0.39 0.61 0.57
11 20001 to 25000 1.39 0.41 0.59
12 25001 to 30000 2.21 0.41 0.74
13 30001 to 40000 1.61 0.61 0.79
14 40001 to 50000 0.00 0.00 0.00
15 50001 & above 3.36 0.61 1.12
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
49
Table 4.2.2.5 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class
Sagaing Division
S.N. Income Class (Kyats) Urban Rural Division
Up to 2000 10.29 10.50 10.46
2 2001 to 4000 18.40 22.82 22.06 ~ 4001 to 6000 21.52 23.72 23.34 .J
4 6001 to 8000 16.44 11.80 12.60
5 8001 to 10000 11.54 10.03 10.29
6 10001 to 12000 4.98 5.56 5.46
7 12001 to 14000 2.06 4.17 3.80
8 14001 to 16000 3.75 1.93 2.24
9 16001 to 18000 1.67 3.07 2.83
10 18001 to 20000 2.37 0.96 1.20
11 20001 to 25000 1.38 2.40 2.23
12 25001 to 30000 3.15 1.44 1.74
13 30001 to 40000 1.73 0.44 0.66
14 40001 to 50000 0.50 0.79 0.74
15 50001 & above 0.24 0.36 0.34
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
Table 4.2.2.6 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class
Tanintharyi Division
S.N. Income Class (Kyats) Urban Rural Division
Up to 2000 3.81 4.68 4.43
2 2001 to 4000 6.70 8.64 8.09
3 4001 to 6000 12.45 16.59 15.41
4 6001 to 8000 9.54 12.53 11.68
5 8001 to 10000 12.38 15.68 14.74
6 10001 to 12000 10.26 8.43 8.95
7 1200 I to 14000 6.19 8.21 7.64
8 14001 to 16000 10.70 6.64 7.80
9 16001 to 18000 3.56 4.12 3.96
10 18001 to 20000 3.08 3.20 3.17
11 20001 to 25000 5.69 4.43 4.79
12 25001 to 30000 5.21 2.91 3.56
13 30001 to 40000 4.98 2.17 2.97
14 40001 to 50000 2.37 1.07 1.44
15 50001 & above 3.09 0.70 1.38
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
50
Table 4.2.2.7 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class ilago Division
S.N. Income Class (Kyats) Urban Rural Division
Up to 2000 4.77 9.90 8.67
2 2001 to 4000 15.01 20.00 18.79
3 4001 to 6000 19.03 27.64 25.57
4 6001 to 8000 13.42 16.48 15.74
5 8001 to 10000 14.02 10:28 11.18
6 10001 to 12000 7.30 4.22 4.96
7 12001 to 14000 6.65 2.41 3.43
s 14001 to 16000 4.20 1.62 2.24
9 16001 to 18000 0.34 2.04 1.63
10 18001 to 20000 3. 13 1.07 1.56
I I 20001 to 25000 3.78 1.44 2.00
12 25001 to 30000 2. IO 0.5 I 0.89
13 30001 to 40000 1.37 LI6 1.21
14 40001 to 50000 1.37 0.70 0.86
15 50001 & above 3.47 0.56 1.26
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
Table 4.2.2.8 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class Magway Division
S.N. Income Class (Kyats) Urban Rural Division
Up to 2000 10.28 2.37 3.83
2 2001 to 4000 22.50 20.08 20.52
3 4001 to 6000 26.58 34.70 33.20
4 6001 to 8000 I 8. 12 25.8 I 24.39
5 8001 to 10000 7.59 9.14 8.85
6 10001 to 12000 3.25 3.38 3.35
7 12001 to 14000 3.25 1.9 I 2.16
8 14001 to 16000 2.18 0. 15 0.53
9 16001 to 18000 1.27 0. 15 0.36
10 18001 to 20000 1.81 0.37 0.63
I I 20001 to 25000 0.62 0.66 0.65
12 25001 to 30000 1.03 0.37 0.49
13 30001 to 40000 0.17 0.36 0.33
14 40001 to 50000 0.58 0.22 0.29
15 . 50001 & above- 0.78 0.36 0.44
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
51
Table 4.2.2.9 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class Mandalay Division
S.N. Income Class (Kyats) Urban Rural Division
Up to 2000 5.67 4.60 4.95
2 2001 to 4000 17.08 20.54 19.42
3 4001 to 6000 26.77 27.15 27.03
4 6001 to 8000 14.71 11.45 12.51
5 8001 to 10000 12.88 13.11 13.04
6 10001 to 12000 5.86 4.71 5.08
7 12001 to 14000 3.82 5.40 4.89
8 14001 to 16000 3.95 2.04 2.66
9 16001 to" 18000 1.43 3.07 2.54
10 18001 to 20000 1.41 0. 79 0.99
II 20001 to 25000 2.22 3.28 2.93
12 25001 to 30000 I. I 0 1.29 1 .. 23
13 30001 to 40000 0.90 I. I 0 1.03
14 40001 to 50000 0.94 0.89 0.91
15 50001 & above 1.24 0.58 0.79
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
Table 4.2.2.10 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class Mon State
S.N. Income Class (Kyats) Urban Rural State
Up to 2000 2.65 4.07 3.59
2 2001 to 4000 12.46 13.54 13.18
3 4001 to 6000· 23.37 21.50 22.13
4 6001 to 8000 12.99 15.96 14.96
5 8001 to 10000 15.25 13.06 13.81
6 10001 to 12000 11.08 8.33 9.26
7 12001 to 14000 2.99 5.05 4.35
8 14001 to 16000 5.65 4.46 4.87
9 16001 to 18000 3.99 2.77 3.18
10 18001 to 20000 1.30 2.46 2.07
I I 20001 to 25000 3.64 3. 13 3.30
12 25001 to 30000 1.61 2.43 2.15
13 30001 to 40000 0.39 1.46 1.09
14 40001 to 50000 0.66 0.40 0.49
15 50001 & above 1.94 1.37 1.57
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
52
Table 4.2.2.11 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class Rakhine State
S.N. Income Class (Kyats) Urban Rural State
Up to 2000 15.90 12.66 13.26
2 2001 to 4000 24.70 24.41 24.46
3 4001 to 6000 20.12 27.58 26.20
4 6001 to 8000 12.99 11.18 11.52
5 8001 to 10000 10.19 7.66 8.13 .
6 10001 to 12000 8.04 3.82 4.60
7 12001 to 14000 1.23 3.66 3.21
8 14001 to 16000 1.63 2.63 2.45
9 16001 to 18000 0.53 2.58 2.20
10 18001 to 20000 1.23 1.02 1.06
11 20001 to 25000 1.04 1.15 1.13
12 25001 to 30000 0.66 1.05 0.98
13 30001 to 40000 0.39 0.35 0.36
14 40001 to 50000 0.00 ·0.24 0.20
15 50001 & above 1.37 0.00 0.25
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
Table 4.2.2.12 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class Yangon Division
S.N. Income Class (Kyats) Urban Rural Division
Up to 2000 2.90 5.45 3.56
2 2001 to 4000 9.15 12.18 9.93
3 4001 to 6000 13.76 17.07 14.61
4 6001 to 8000 11.84 12.61 12.04
5 8001 to 10000 13.38 14.76 13.74
6 10001 to 12000 10.23 9.51 10.05
7 12001 to 14000 5.14 7.25 5.69
8 14001 to 16000 6.66 4.51 6.11
9 16001 to 18000 3.93 3.05 3.70
10 18001 to 20000 3.35 2.09 3.03
11 20001 to 25000 5.34 4.17 5.04
12 25001 to 30000 3.43 2.12 3.09
13 30001 to 40000 3.54 1.88 3.11
14 40001 to 50000 1.86 1.24 l.70
15 50001 & above 5.46 2.12 4.60
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
53
Table 4.2.2.13 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class
Shan State
S.N. Income Class (Kyats) Urban Rural State
Up to 2000 3.31 13.65 11.33
2 2001 to 4000 11.76 27.02 23.60
3 4001 to 6000 17.00 23.20 21.81
4 6001 to 8000 12.31 J2.45 12.42
5 8001 to 10000 10.31 10.11 10.15
6 10001 to 12000 6.85 3.98 4.62
7 1200J to 14000 S.46 2.44 3.12
8 1400J to 16000 9.85. 1.66 3.50
9 16001 to 18000 3.62 1.04 l.62
10 J8001 to 20000 3.15 1.97 2.23
l J 2000J to 25000 2.85 0.58 l.09
12 2500J to 30000 2.70 0.64 l.l 0
J3 30001 to 40000 4.31 0.45 1.3 J
14 40001 to 50000 1.92 0.45 0.78
15 5000J & above 4.62 0.39 1.34
Total 100.00 J00.00 J00.00
Table 4.2.2.14 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class Ayeyarwady Division
S.N. Income Class (Kyats) Urban Rural Division
l Up to 2000 4.49 2.46 2.83
2 2001 to 4000 15.05 JO.OJ 10.93
3 4001 to 6000 26.02 17.07 18.70
4 6001 to 8000 15.45 12.52 13.06
5 8001 to 10000 13.62 J5.70 15.32
6 10001 to 12000 6.37 5.8 J 5.92
7 1200J to 14000 4.00 7.86 7.16
8 14001 to 16000 3.86 5.62 5.30
9 16001 to 18000 2.24 5.80 5. 15
JO 18001 to 20000 l.95 2.97 2.78
J l 20001 to 25000 0.58 5.94 4.96
12 25001 to 30000 l.59 3.45 3. J J
J3 30001 to 40000 2.39 2.78 2.71
14 40001 to 50000 0.66 l.03 0.97
J5 50001 & above 1.73 0.98 1.1 J
Total 100.00 J00.00 100.00
54
Table 4.3.1 Monthly Household Expenditure by Group
Union (Value - Kyat)
S.N. Expenditure Group Urban Rural Union
Value I Percent Value I Percent Value I Percent
Household Size (Person) 5.22 5.32 5.25
2 Household Expenditure Total 15266.42 100.00 13091.16 100.00 13784.51 100.00
Food And Beverages 10419.99 68.25 9479.30 72.41 9779.45 70.95
Rice and other cereals 2375.03 15.56 2869.18 21.92 2695.68 19.56 2 Pulses 238.64 1.56 228.44 I. 74 229.22 1.66 3 Meat 1280.62 8.39 885.98 6.77 1007.86 7.31 4 Eggs 282.23 1.85 166.13 l.27 210.42 1.53 5 Fish and crustacea(fresh) 874.47 5.73 644.80 4.93 727.06 5.27 6 Fish and crustacea( dried) 334.44 2.19 270.94 2.07 310.83 2.25 7 Ngapi and nganpyaye 224.55 1.47 302.68 2.31 264.48 1.92 8 Vegetables 724.49 4.75 746.89 5.71 736.26 5.34 9 Fruits 283.34 1.86 19 l.28 l.46 219.29 l.59 10 Cooking oil and fats 1250.06 8.19 1239.97 9.47 1248.43 9.06 11 Spices and condiments 548.06 3.59 562.49 4.30 563.33 4.09 12 Beverages 240.20 1.57 214.21 l.64 217.03 1.57 13 Sugar and other food 204.19 1.34 361.82 2.76 276.56 2.01 14 Milk and milk products 106.60 0.70 36.96 0.28 57.87 0.42 15 Other miscellaneous food 357.20 2.34 204.93 1.57 252.68 1.83 16 Food taken outside home 1095.87 7.18 552.5 8 4.22 762.46 5.53
Non-Food 4846.43 31.75 3611.86 27.59 4005.06 29.05
17 Tobacco 150.29 0.98 151.47 1.16 154.74 1.12
18 Fuel and light 735.91 4.82 638.14 4.87 661.76 4.80
19 Travelling expenses 572.66 3.75 224.42 1.71 327.61 2.38
20 Journey travelling expenses 120.61 0.79 84.18 0.64 93.92 0.68
21 Clothing and apparel 520.37 3.41 411.67 3.14 454.65 3.30
22 Personal use goods 346.48 2.27 233.47 1.78 284.07 2.06
23 Cleansing and toilet 404.36 2.65 291.53 2.23 329.20 2.39
24 Crockeries 14.39 0.09 22.72 0.17 18.63 0.14
25 Other household goods 232.84 1.53 227.41 1.74 193.16 1.40
26 Furniture 33.25 0.22 31.80 0.24 31.52 0.23
27 House rent and repairs 373.67 2.45 258.66 1.98 294.82 2.14
28 Stationary and school supplies 75.73 0.50 54.09 0.41 59.33 0.43
29 Education 214.18 1.40 85.34 0.65 137.78 1.00
30 Medical care 256.02 1.68 235.20 1.80 249.13 1.81
31 Recreation 50.84 0.33 38.86 0.30 42.77 0.31
32 Charity and ceremonials 585.56 3.84 481.02 3.67 515.48 3.74
33 Other expenses 159.25 1.04 141.87 1.08 156.48 1.14
55
Table 4.3.1.1 Monthly Household Expenditure by Group
Kachin State (Value - Kyat)
S.N. Expenditure Group Urban Rural State
Value I Percent Value I Percent Value I Percent
Household Size ( Person ) 6.81 6.57 6.63
2 Household Expenditure Total 19074.86 100.00 15494.24 100.00 16368.98 100.00
Food And Beverages 13660.87 71.62 11264.22 72.70 11849.72 72.39
Rice and other cereals 3384.92 17.75 3802.48 24.54 3700.47 22.61
2 Pulses 365.26 1.91 323.58 2.09 333.76 2.04
3 Meat 1984.99 10.41 1396.77 9.01 1540.47 9.41
4 Eggs 273.08 1.43 1215.78 1.39 229.78 1.40
5 Fish and crustacea(fresh) 994.29 5.21 831.90 5.37 871.57 5.32
6 Fish and crustacea(dried) 235.24 1.23 227.77 1.47 229.59 1.40
7 Ngapi and nganpyaye 131.22 0.69 228.59 1.48 204.81 1.25
8 Vegetables 1145.69 6.01 1030.91 6.65 1058.95 6.47
9 Fruits 445.15 2.33 212.00 1.37 268.96 1.64
10 Cooking oil and fats 1524.31 7.99 1294.18 8.35 1350.40 8.25
11 Spices and condiments 622.34 3.26 556.50 3.59 572.58 3.50
12 Beverages 269.00 1.41 207.87 1.34 222.80 1.36
13 Sugar and other food 190.77 1.00 128.42 0.83 143.65 0.88 14 Milk and milk products 238.61 1.25 106.90 0.69 139.08 0.85
15 Other miscellaneous food 342.81 1.80 248.07 1.60 271.22 1.66 16 Food taken outside home 1513.18 7.93 452.51 2.92 711.63 4.35
Non-Food 5413.99 28.38 4230.02 27.30 4519.26 27.61
17 · Tobacco 117.68 0.62 157.26 1.0 I 147.59 0.90
18 Fuel and light 839.31 4.40 781.86 5.05 795.89 4.86
19 Travelling expenses 303.92 1.59 193.30 1.25 220.33 1.35
20 Journey travelling expenses 218.86 1.15 134.92 0.87" 155.43 0.95
21 Clothing and apparel 795.86 4.17 560.12 3.62 617.71 3.77
22 Personal use goods 388 .. 62 2.04 371.41 2.40 375.62 2.29
23 Cleansing and toilet 594.81 3.12 397.79 2.57 445.93 2.72
24 Crockeries 13.70 0.07 33.91 0.22 28.97 0.18
25 Other household goods 132.73 0.70 202.65 1.31 185.57 1.13
26 Furniture 20.10 0.11 45.06 0.29 38.97 0.24
27 House rent and repairs 340.07 1.78 304.06 1.96 312.85 1.91
28 Stationary and school supplies 197.16 1.03 98.45 0.64 122.56 0.75
29 Education 336.18 1.76 207.72 1.34 239.10 1.46
30 Medical care 275.84 1.45 162.54 1.05 190.22 1.16
31 Recreation 87.16 0.46 43.29 0.28 54.01 0.33
32 Charity and ceremonials 443.32 2.32 411.37 2.65 419.17 2.56
33 Other expenses 308.64 1.62 124.30 0.80 169.34 1.03
56
Table 4.3.1.2 Monthly Household Expenditure By Group
Kayah State (Value - Kyat) .
S.N. Expenditure Group Urban Rural State
Value I Percent Value I Percent Value I Percent
Household Size (Person) 5.52 5.53 5.53
2 Household Expenditure Total 12012.19 100.00 10582.09 100.00 11017.56 100.00
Food And Beverages 9035.73 75.22 8015.07 75.74 8325.87 75.57
Rice and other cereals 2649.73 22.06 3251.00 30.72 3067.9 I . 27.85
2 Pulses 290.47 2.42 27l.12 2.56 277.01 2.51
3 Meat 976.08 8.13 609.87 5.76 721.38 6.55
4 Eggs 288.72 2.40 106.80 1.0 I 162.19 1.47
5 Fish and crustacea(fresh) 445.77 3.71 276.00 2.61 327. 70 2.97
6 Fish and crustacea( dried) . 381. 79 3.18 188.03 1.78 247.03 2.24
7 Ngapi and nganpyaye 215.71 1.80 198.40 1.87 203.67 1.85
8 Vegetables 789.60 6.57 963.55 9. I I 910.58 8.26
9 Fruits 235.32 1.96 117.82 I.! I 153.60 1.39
IO Cooking oil and fats 876.61 7.30 488.84 4.62 606.92 5.51
I I Spices and condiments 496.99 4.14 407.37 3.85 434.66 3.95
12 Beverages 285.09 2.37 306.47 2.90 299.96 2.72
13 Sugar and other food 198.43 1.65 361.03 3.41 311.52 2.83
14 Milk and milk products 32.17 0.27 21.03 0.20 24.42 0.22
15 Other miscellaneous food 257.18 2.14 114.69 I.08 158.08 1.43
16 Food taken outside home 616.05 5.13 333.06 3.15 419.23 3.81
Non-Food 2976.46 24.78 2567.02 24.26 2691.70 24.43
17 Tobacco 185.29 1.54 116.93 I.IO 137.74 l.25
18 Fuel and light 641.38 5.34 701.85 6.63 . 683.43 6.20
19 Travelling expenses 75.58 0.63 58.77 0.56 63.89 0.58
20 Journey travelling expenses 120.l 0 1.00 61.72 0.58 79.50 0.72
21 Clothing and apparel 324.65 2.70 334.88 3.16 331.77 3.01
22 Personal use goods 150.50 1.25 162.68 1.54 158.97 1.44
23 Cleansing and toilet 314.26 2.62 210.49 1.99 242.09 2.20
24 Crockeries 19.88 0.17 16.61 0. 16 17.61 0.16
25 Other household goods 148.02 l.23 59.08 0.56 86.16 0.78
26 Furniture 41.81 0.35 33.58 0.32 36.09 0.33
27 House rent and repairs 156.22 1.30 166.54 1.57 163.40 1.48
28 Stationary and school supplies 11. 71 0.10 39.03 0.37 30.71 0.28
29 Education 141.12 1.17 89.68 0.85 105.34 0.96
30 Medical care 134.49 1.12 239.43 2.26 207.48 1.88
31 Recreation 50.72 0.42 34.64 0.33 39.54 0.36
32 Charity and ceremonials 349.86 2.91 167.98 1.59 223.37 2.03
33 Other expenses 110.87 0.92 73.13 0.69 84.62 0.77
57
Table 4.3.1.3 Monthly Household Expenditure By Group
Kayin State (Value - Kyat)
S.N. Expenditure Group Urban Rural State
Value I Percent Value I Percent Value I Percent
Household Size (Person) 6.03 5.27 5.36
2 Household Expenditure Total 15645.59 100.00 14847.18 100.00 14944.75 100.00
Food And Beverages 11036.05 70.54 I 0832.87 72.96 10857.70 72.65
Rice and other cereals 2459.87 15.72 2579.04 17.37 2564.48 17.16
2 Pulses 87.92 0.56 156.33 1.05 147.97 0.99
3 Meat 1201.81 7.68 998.77 6.73 I 023.5 8 6.85
4 Eggs 207.44 1.33 239.42 1.61 235.51 1.58
5 Fish and crustacea(fresh) l 141.l5 7.29 991.87 6.68 1010.11 6.76
6 Fish and crustacea(dried) 449.66 2.87 387.72 2.61 395.29 2.64
7 Ngapi and nganpyaye 471.57 3.01 449.55 3.03 452.24 3.03
8 Vegetables 880.38 5.63 884.42 5.96 883.93 5.91
9 Fruits 199.25 1.27 264:54 1.78 256.56 1.72
10 Cooking oil and fats 949.58 6.07 1119.14 7.54 1098.42 7.35
11 Spices and condiments 747.38 4.78 1035.44 6.97 I 000.23 6.69
12 Beverages 285.38 1.82 152.44 1.03 168.69 l.13
13 Sugar and other food 175.83 1.12 311.61 2.10 295.02 1.97
14 Milk and milk products 134.48 0.86 98.28 0.66 102.70 0.69
15 Other miscellaneous food 174.70 1.12 152.30 1.03 155.04 1.04
16 Food taken outside home 1469.66 9.39 1011.99 6.82 1067.92 7.15
Non-Food 4609.54 29.46 4014.33 27.04 4087.06 27.35
17 Tobacco 95.68 0.61 151.42 1.02 144.61 0.97
18 Fuel and light 570.97 3.65 627.59 4.23 620.67 4.15
19 Travelling expenses 269.95 1.73 317.63 2.14 311.80 2.09
20 Journey travelling expenses 163.74 1.05 97.85 0.66 105.90 0.71
21 Clothing and apparel 397.13 2.54 261.80 1.76 278.34 1.86
22 Personal use goods 166.99 1.07 271.31 1.83 258.56 I. 73
23 Cleansing and toilet 459.89 2.94 331.91 2.24 347.55 2.33
24 Crockeries 15.21 0.10 32.51 0.22 30.40 0.20
25 Other household goods 402.59 2.57 342.47 2.31 349.81 2.34
26 Furniture 43.38 0.28 18.65 0.13 21.67 0.15
27 House rent and repairs 634.61 4.06 511.65 3.45 526.68 3.52
28 Stationary and school supplies 82.75 0.53 21.73 0.15 29.18 0.20
29 Education . 111.77 0.71 47.43 0.32 55.29 0.37
30 Medical care 260.56 1.67 218.59 1.4 7 223.72 1.50
31 Recreation 45.32 0.29 27.10 0.18 29.33 0.20
32 Charity and ceremonials 637.64 4.08 592.03 3.99 597.60 4.00
33 Other expenses 251.37 1.61 142.66 0.96 155.95 1.04
58
Table 4.3.1.4 Monthly Household Expenditure by Group
Chin State (Value - Kyat)
S.N. Expenditure Group Urban Rural State
v a'lue I Percent Value I Percent Value I Percent
Household Size (Person) 5.87 6.67 6.53
2 Household Expenditure Total 11802.97 100.00 10596.5 l 100.00 I 0820.20 100.00
Food And Beverages 8344.93 70.70 7775.23 73.38 7880.85 72.83
Rice and other cereals 2590.46 21.95 3500.22 33.03 3331.55 30.79
2 Pulses 301.47 2.55 485.84 4.58 45 l .65 4.17
3 Meat 1029.25 8.72 832.52 7.86 869.00 8.03
4 Eggs 229.38 1.94 115.16 !.09 136.34 l.26
5 Fish and crustacea(fresh) 71.74 0.61 52.76 0.50 56.28 0.52
6 Fish and crustacea( dried) 72.99 0.62 7.42 0.07 19.58 0.18
7 Ngapi and nganpyaye 92.27 0.78 57.03 0.54 63.56 0.59
8 Vegetables 816.72 6.92 948.06 8.95 923.71 8.54
9 Fruits 210.76 1.79 236.32 2.23 231.58 2.14
10 Cooking oil and fats 1076.92 9.12 584.39 5.51 675.71 6.24
11 Spices and condiments 310.49 2.63 213.12 2.01 231.l 7 2.14
12 Beverages 75.17 0.64 151.27 1.43 137.16 1.27
13 Sugar and other food 198.02 1.68 128.89 1.22 141.70 1.31 14 Milk and milk products 213.38 1.81 119.62 l.13 137.00 1.27
15 Other miscellaneous food 382.58 3.24 72.13 0.68 129.69 1.20
16 Food taken outside home 673.34 5.70 270.48 2.55 345.17 3.19
Non-Food 3458.04 29.30 2821.29 26.62 2939.35 27.17
17 Tobacco 45.60 0.39 104.65 0.99 93.70 0.87
18 Fuel an~ light 858.99 7.28 978.89 9.24 956.66 8.84
19 Travelling expenses 59.24 0.50 18.28 0.17 25.87 0.24
20 Journey travelling expenses 159.19 1.35 187.01 1.76 181.85 1.68
21 Clothing and apparel 402.05 . 3.41 310.82 2.93 327.74 3.03
22 Personal use goods 210.25 1.78 159.15 I.SO 168.62 1.56
23 Cleansing and toilet 349.45 2.96 198.26 1.87 226.29 2.09
24 Crockeries 24.62 0.21 17.93 0.:17 19.17 0. I 8
25 Other household goods 183.87 1.56 67.35 0.64 88.96 0.82
26 Furniture 42.82 0.36 20.99 0.20 25.04 0.23
27 House rent and repairs 275.92 2.34 214.37 2.02 225.78 2.09
28 Stationary and school supplies 126.47 1.07 62.76 0.59 74.57 0.69
29 Education 220.90 1.87 49.38 0.47 8l.18 0.75
30 Medical care 206.39 1.75 243.87 2.30 236.92 2.19
31 Recreation 46.99 0.40 7.32 0.07 14.67 0.14
32 Charity and ceremonials 175.92 1.49 116.32 1.10 127.37 1.18
33 Other expenses 69.39 0.59 63.94 0.60 64.95 0.60
59
Table 4.3.1.5 Monthly Household Expenditure by Group
Sagaing Division (Value - Kyat)
S.N. Expenditure Group Urban Rural Division
Value I Percent Value I Percent Value I Percent
Household Size ( Person) 5.1 {) 5.59 5.50
2 Household Expenditure Total 14705.36 100.00 13328.80 100.00 13565.15 100.00
. Food And Beverages 10366.10 70.49 9943.11 74.60 10015.74 73.83
Rice and other cereals 2237.21 15.21 3253.48 24.41 3078.99 22.70
2 Pulses 377.09 2.56 338.09 2.54 344.78 2.54
3 Meat 1593.98 10.84 500.11 3.75 687.93 5.07
4 Eggs 192.14 1.31 100.05 0.75 115.86 0.85
5 Fish and crustacea(fresh) 422.38 2.87 352.87 2.65 364.81 2.69
6 Fish and crustacea( dried) 318.35 2.16 312.05 2.34 313.13 2.31
7 Ngapi and nganpyaye 210.73 1.43 268.22 2.01 258.34 1.90
8 Vegetables 632.62 4.30 922.09 6.92 872.39 6.43
9 Fruits 461.01 3.13 148.22 1.11 201.92 1.49
IO Cooking oil and fats 1357.45 9.23 1806.01 13.55 1729.00 12.75
11 Spices and condiments 542.64 3.69 655.80 4.92 636.37 4.69
12 Beverages 184.18 1.25 163.46 1.23 167.01 1.23
13 Sugar and other food 218.62 1.49 326.06 2.45 307.61 2.27
14 Milk and milk products 45.63 0.31 19.38 0.15 23.89 0.18
15 Other miscellaneous food 385.17 2.62 207.62 1.56 238.10 1.76
16 Food taken outside home 1186.90 8.07 569.61 4.27 675.60 4.98
Non-Food 4339.26 29.51 3385.69 25.40 3549.42 26.17
17 Tbbacco 159.02 1.08 163.81 1.23 162.99 1.20
18 Fuel and light 608.24 . 4.14 552.25 4.14 561.86 4.14
19 Travelling expenses 287.92 1.96 144.31 1.08 168.96 1.25 20 Journey travelling expenses 88.22 0.60 46.69 0.35 53.82 0.40
21 Clothing and apparel 612.70 4.17 391.91 2.94 429.82 3.17
22 Personal use goods 359.31 2.44 224.85 1.69 247.94 1.83
23 Cleansing and toilet 461.48 3.14 272.79 2.05 305.19 2.25
24 Crockeries 12.17 0.08 18.67 0.14 17.55 0.13
25 Other household goods 67.94 0.46 156.10 1.17 140.96 1.04
26 Furniture 20.08 0.14 24.42 0.18 23.67 0.17
27 House rent and repairs 261.35 1.78 214.36 1.61 . 222.43 1.64
28 Stationary and school supplies 81.17 0.55 63.00 0.47 66.12 0.49
29 Education li0.06 0.75 70.21 0.53 77.05 0.57
30 Medical care 214.98 1.46 249.10 1.87 243.24 1.79
31 Recreation 65.50 0.45 38.65 0.29 43.26 0.32
32 Charity and ceremonials 760.64 5.17 573.93 4.31 605.99 4.47
33 Other expenses 168.48 1.15 180.64 1.36 178.56" 1.32
60
Table 4.3.1.6 Monthly Household Expenditure by Group
Tanintharyi Division (Value - Kyat)
S.N. Expenditure Group Urban Rural Division
Value I Percent Value I Percent Value I Percent
Household Size (Person) 5.87 5.57 5.66
2 Household Expenditure Total 19929.62 100.00 19041.34 100.00 19294.50 100.00
Food And Beverages 13726.32 68.87 12849.61 67.48 13099.4 7 67.89
Rice and other cereals 3232.07 16.22 3577.38 18.79 3478.97 18.03 2 Pulses 90.31 0.45 47.59 0.25 59.77 0.31 3 Meat 1445.38 7.25 971.02 5.10 1106.21 5.73 4 Eggs 198.16 0.99 279.58 1.47 256.37 1.33 5 Fish and crustacea(fresh) 1356.30 6.81 1795.79 9.43 1670.54 8.66 6 Fish and crustacea( dried) 907.63 4.55 414.47 2.18 555.02 2.88 7 Ngapi and nganpyaye 249.12 1.25 311.71 1.64 293.87 1.52 8 Vegetables 1002.06 5.03 963.40 5.06 974.42 5.05 9 Fruits 716.17 3.59 553.82 2.91 600.09 3.11 10 Cooking oil and fats 1021.90 5.13 932.67 4.90 958.10 4.97 11 Spices and condiments 765.99 3.84 823.13 4.32 806.85 4.18
12 Beverages 225.42 1.13 121.63 0.64 151.21 0.78 13 Sugar and other food 183.90 0.92 304.50 1.60 270.13 1.40 14 Milk and milk products 167.02 0.84 145.38 0.76 151.55 0.79 15 Other miscellaneous food 714.07 3.58 306.69 1.61 422.79 2.19 16 Food taken outside home 1450.80 7.28 1300.83 6.83 1343.57 6.96
Non-Food 6203.31 31.13 6191.73 32.52 6195.03 32:1 I
17 Tobacco 177.92 0.89 209.79 1.10 200.71 1.04
18 Fuel and light 993.08 4.98 811.53 4.26 863.27 4.47
19 Travelling expenses 492.48 2.47 687.44 3.61 631.88 3.27
20 Journey travelling expenses f.30.30 1.16 100.72 0.53 137.65 0.71
21 Clothing and apparel 752.79 3.78 751.84 3.95 752.11 3.90
22 Personal use goods 438.55 2.20 379.01 1.99 395.98 2.05
23 Cleansing and toilet 427.74 2.15 340.25 1.79 365.18 1.89
24 Crockeries 11.73 0.06 29.23 0."15 24.24 0.13
25 Other household goods 247.22 1.24 333.37 1.75 308.82 1.60
26 Furniture 33.01 0.17 54.30 0.29 48.23 0.25
27 House rent and repairs 451.50 2.27 396.68 2.08 412.30 2.14
28 Stationary and school supplies 116.40 0.58 100.69 0.53 l 05.17 0.55
29 Education 252.92 1.27 125.37 0.66 161.72 0.84
30 Medical care 360.97 1.81 367.31 1.93 365.51 1.89
31 Recreation 121.55 0.61 80.77 0.42 92.40 0.48
32 Charity and ceremonials 545.74 2.74 786.73 4.13 718.05 3.72
33 Other expenses 549.58 2.76 636.70 3.34 611.87 3.17
61
Table. 4.3.1.7 Monthly Household Expenditure by Group
Bago Division
(Value - Kyat)
Urban Rural . -
Division S.N. Expenditure Group
Value I Percent Value / Percent Value I Percent
Household Size (Person) 5.06 4.48 4.62
2 Household Expenditure Total . 14634.79 100.00 13265.32 100.00 13595.22 100.00
Food And Beverages 10259.27 70.10 9330.53 70.34 9554.26 70.28
Rice and other cereals 2175.96 14.87 2360.72 17.80 2316.21 17.04 2 Pulses 158.10 1.08 287.02 2.16 255.96 1.88 3 Meat 1518.22 10.37 1278.87 9.64 1336.53 9.83 4 Eggs 223.27 1.53 192.06 1.45 199.58 1.47 5 Fish and crustacea(fresh) 913.87 6.24 893.58 6.74 898.47 6.61 6 Fish and crustacea(dried) 360.27 2.46 284.58 2.15 302.82 2.23 7 Ngapi and nganpyaye 220.27 1.51 309.19 2.33 287.77 2.12 8 Vegetables 649.04 4.43 616.12 4.64 624.05 4.59 9 Fruits 254.61 1.74 202,83 1.53 215.30 1.58 10 Cooking oil and fats 1343.68 9.18 1120.65 8.45 1174.38 8.64 11 Spices and condiments 521.76 3.57 567.62 4.28 556.57 4.09 12 Beverages 220.43 1.51 177.70 1.34 188.00 1.38 13 Sugar and other food 154.58 1.06 246.69 1.86 224.50 1.65
14 Milk and milk products 128.60 0.88 16.30 0.12 43.35 0.32
15 Other miscellaneous food 457.62 3.13 200.68 1.51 262.58 1.93
16 Food taken outside home 958.98 6.55 575.92 4.34 668.20 4.91
Non-Food 4375.52 29.90 3934.79 29.66 4040.96 29.72
17 Tobacco 159.04 1.09 162.14 1.22 161.39 1.19
18 Fuel and light 632.59 4.32 433.76 3.27 481.66 3.54
19 Travelling expenses 161.10 1.10 223.58 1.69 208.53 1.53
20 Journey travelling expenses 157.92 1.08 133.10 1.00 139.08 1.02
21 Clothing and apparel 491.71 3.36 569.99 4.30 551.13 4.05
22 Personal use goods 300.91 2.06 326.05 2.46 319.99 2.35
23 Cleansing and toilet 394.19 2.69 315.66 2.38 334.58 2.46
24 Crockeries 6.25 0.04 31.94 0.24 25.75 0.19
25 Other household goods 406.96 2.78 267.22 2.01 300.88 2.21
26 Furniture 23.18 0.16 48.30 0.36 42.25 0.31
27 House rent and repairs 399.13 2.73 363.37 2:74 371.98 2.74
28 Stationary and school supplies 68.96 0.47 50.09 0.38 54.63 0.40
29 Education 171.13 1.17 84.18 0.63 105.12 0.77
30 Medical care 234.60 1.60 282.21 2.13 270.74 1.99
31 Recreation 43.55 0.30 60.14 0.45 56.14 0.41
32 Charity and ceremonials 557.64 3.81 469.88 3.54 491.02 3.61
33 Other expenses 166.68 1.14 113.19 0.85 126.08 0.93
62
Table 4.3.1.8 Monthly Household Expenditure by Group
Magway Division (Value - Kyat)
S.N. Expenditure Group Urban Rural Division
Value I Percent Value I Percent Value I Percent
Household Size (Person) 5.47 5.49 5.49
2 Household Expenditure Total 12221.55 100.00 11671.52 1 on. no 11773.30 100.00
Food And Beverages 9279.28 75.93 8840.00 75.74 8921.28 75.78
Rice and other cereals 2745.12 22.46 2914.84 24.97 2883.44 24.49
2 Pulses 67.10 0.55 71.1 I 0.61 70.37 0.60
3 Meat l 036.46 8.48 722.71 6. 19 780.76 6.63
4 Eggs 209.18 1.71 128.64 I. I 0 143.54 1.22
5 Fish and crustacea(fresh) 426.56 3.49 324.36 2.78 343.27 2.92
6 Fish and crustacea(dried) 305.64 2.50 245.05 2.10 256.26 2.18
7 Ngapi and nganpyaye 357.24 2.92 358.49 3.07 358.26 3.04
8 Vegetables 860.76 7.04 909.67 7.79 900.62 7.65 9 Fruits 128.73 1.05 119.15 1.02 120.92 1.03 10 Cooking oil and fats 1481.54 12.12 1500.17 12.85 1496.72 12.71 11 Spices and condiments 518.60 4.24 532.25 4.56 529.73 4.50 12 Beverages 127.47 1.04 186.68 1.60 175.72 1.49 13 Sugar and other food 386.90 3.17 403.78 3.46 400.65 3.40 14 Milk and milk products 60.01 0.49 35,55 0.30 40.08 0.34 15 Other miscellaneous food 165.80 1.36 135.98 I.I 7 141.50 1.20 16 Food taken outside home 402.19 3.29 251.57 2.16 279.44 2.37
Non-Food 2942.27 24.07 2831.52 24.26 2852.01 24.22
17 Tobacco 168.80 1.38 179.02 1.53 I 77.13 1.50 18 Fuel and light 610.56 5.00 614.92 5.27 614.11 5.22 19 Travelling expenses 181.28 1.48 185.00 1.59 184.3 I 1.57 20 Journey travelling expenses 7(5.08 0.62 41.28 0.35 47.72 0.41 21 Clothing and apparel 277.74 2.27 283.98 2.43 282.83 2.40
22 Personal use goods 171. 76 I .41 161.74 1.39 163.60 1.39
23 Cleansing and toilet 251.33 2.06 218.89 1.88 224.89 1.91
24 Crockeries 5.73 0.05 9.53 0.08 8.83 0.07
25 Other household goods 137.58 1.13 74.89 0.64 86.49 0.73
26 Furniture 7.75 0.06 10.45 0.09 9.95 0.08
27 House rent and repairs 143.86 1.18 211.35 1.81 198.86 1.69
28 Stationary and school supplies 72.99 0.60 57.06 0.49 60.01 0.51
29 Education 184.06 1.51 95.85 0.82 112.17 0.95
30 Medical care 198.12 1.62 178.15 1.53 181. 85 1.54
31 Recreation 13.38 0.11 14.35 0.12 14.17 0.12
32 Charity and ceremonials 365.67 2.99 425.09 3.64 414.09 3.52
33 Other expenses _ 75.58 0.62 69.96 0.60 71.00 0.60
63
Table 4.3.1.9 Monthly Household Expenditure by Group
Mandalay Division (Value - Kyat)
S.N. Expenditure Group Urban Rural Division
Value I Percent Value I Percent Value I Percent
Household Size (Person) 4.94 5.41 5.26
2 Household Expenditure Total 15851.98 100.00 12867.01 100.00 13834.31 100.00
Food And Beverages 11172.37 70.48 9482.31 73.69 I 0029.98 72.50
Rice and other cereals 2227.47 14.05 2698.37 20.97 2545.77 18.40
2 Pulses 481.10 3.03 433.03 3.37 448.61 3.24
3 Meat 1563.99 9.87 803.80 6.25 1050.15 7.59
4 Eggs 376.89 2.38 183.88 l.43 246.42 1.78
5 Fish and crustacea(fresh) 626.95 3.96 425.78 3.31 490.97 3.55
6 Fish and crustacea( dried) 364.46 2.30 368.03 2.86 366.87 2.65
7 Ngapi and nganpyaye 196.63 1.24 340.16 2.64 293.65 2.12
8 Vegetables 1014.24 6.40 873.77 .6.79 919.29 6.64
9 Fruits 267.39 1.69 98.47 0.77 153.21 1.11
10 Cooking oil and fats 1588,07 10.02 1458.23 11.33 1500.31 10.84
11 Spices and condiments 436.54 2.75 552.73 4.30 515.08 3.72
12 Beverages 204.58 1.29 217.88 1.69 213.57 1.54
13 Sugar and other food 207.35 1.31 406.19 3.16 341.76 2.47
14 Milk and milk products 68.24 0.43 17.81 0.14 34.15 0.25
15 Other miscellaneous food 436.27 2.75 169.21 1.32 255.75 I. 85
16 Food taken outside home 1112.20 7.02 434.97 3.38 654.43 4.73
Non-Food 4679.61 29.52 3384.70 26.31 3804.33 27.50
17 Tobacco 130,67 0.82 106.23 0.83 114.15 0.83
18 Fuel and light 777.04 4.90 626.81 4.87 675.50 4.88
19 Travelling expenses 200.74 1.27 159.50 1.24 172.87 1.25
20 Journey travelling expenses 124.50 0.79 75.98 0.59 91.70 0.66
21 Clothing and apparel 484.16 3.05 384.93 2.99 417.08 3.01
22 Personal use goods 422.27 2.66 203.33 1.58 274.28 1.98
23 Cleansing and toilet 399.38 2.52 323.42 2.51 348.03 2.52
24 Crockeries 15.63 0:10 15.70 0.12 15.67 0.11
25 Other household goods 289.87 1.83 175.74 1.37 212.73 1.54
26 Furniture 22.77 0.14 28.67 0.22 26.76 0.19
27 House rent and repairs 499.79 3.15 200.61 1.56 297.56 2.15
28 Stationary and school supplies 68.73 0.43 55.13 0.43 59.53 0.43
29 Education 173.38 1.09 103.36 0.80 126.05 0.91
30 Medical care 213.81 1.35 222.98 1.73 220.01 1.59
31 Recreation 46.32 0.29 29.01 0.23 34.62 0.25
32 Charity and ceremonials 629.28 3.97 515.70 4.01 552.51 3.99
33 Other expenses 181.28 1.14 157.61 l.22 165.28 1.19
64
Table 4.3.1.10 Monthly Household Expenditure by Group
Mon State (Value - Kyat)
S.N. Expenditure Group Urban Rural State
Value I Percent Value I Percent Value I Percent
Household Size (Person) 5.24 5.35 5.3 I
2 Household Expenditure Total 14285.68 100.00 13411.72 100.00 13708.00. 100.00
Food And Beverages 10026.16 70.18 9281.01 69.20 9533.62 69.55
Rice and other cereals 2730.96 19.12 2922.19 21.79 2857.36 20.84 2 Pulses 41.36 0.29 113.09 0.84 88.78 0.65
3 Meat 856.74 6.00 539.59 4.02 647.10 4.72 4 Eggs 194.58 1.36 230.62 1.72 218.40 1.59 s Fish and crustacea(fresh) 1159.44 8.12 846.31 6.31 952.46 6.95 6 Fish and crustacea(dried) 337.80 2.36 268.74 2.00 292.15 2.13 7 Ngapi and nganpyaye 269.87 1.89 277.61 2.07 274.98 2.01 8 Vegetables 768.15 5.38 726.04 5.4 I 740.32 5.40 9 Fruits 150.56 1.05 211.63 l.58 190.93 1.39 10 Cooking oil and fats 1045.06 7.32 978:77 7.30 1001.24 7.30 11 Spices and condiments 753.86 5.28 683.25 5.09 707.19 5.16 12 Beverages 129.64 0.91 231.72 I. 73 197.12 1.44 13 Sugar and other food 167.85 1.17 247.60 1.85 220.56 1.6 l 14 Milk and milk products 119.31 0.84 87.91 0.66 98.55 0.72 15 Other miscellaneous food 160.80 1.13 161.50 1.20 161.27 1.18 16 Food taken outside home 1140.18 7.98 754.43 5.63 885.20 6.46
Non-Food 4259.52 29.82 4130.71 30.80 4174.38 30.45
17 Tobacco 127.19 0.89 121.62 0.91 123.51 0.90 18 Fuel and light 887.84 6.21 749.83 5.59 796.61 5.81 19 Travelling expenses 434.10 3.04 291.90 2.18 340.11 2.48 20 Journey travelling expenses 70.80 0.50 141.48 1.05 117.52 0.86 21 Clothing and apparel 470.47 3.29 471.85 3.52 471.38 3.44 22 Personal use goods 390.17 2.73 347.17 2.59 361.75 2.64 23 Cleansing and toilet 448.06 3.14 400.98 2.99 416.94 3.04 24 Crockeries 10.22 0.07 26.75 0.20 21.14 0.15 25 Other household goods 77.87 0.55 133.49 1.00 I 14.63 0.84
26 Furniture 19.10 0.13 39.04 0.29 32.28 0.24
27 House rent and repairs 197.69 1.38 272.61 2.03 247.22 1.80
28 Stationary and school supplies 60.77 0.43 67.53 0.50 65.24 0.48
29 Education 164.76 1.15 66.09 0.49 99.54 0.73
30 Medical care 355.10 2.49 360.37 2.69 358.58 2.62
31 Recreation 23.78 0.17 59.14 0.44 47.15 0.34
32 Charity and ceremonials 472.65 3.31 403.20 3.01 426.75 3.11
33 Other expenses 48.94 0.34 177.66 l.32 134.03 0.98
65
Table 4.3.1.11 Monthly Household Expenditure by Group
Rakhine State (Value - Kyat)
S.N. Expenditure Group Urban Rural State
Value I Percent Value I Percent Value I Percent
Household Size ( Person ) 5.94 4.75 4.97
2 Household Expenditure Total 12736.39 100.00 11874.38 100.00 12033.68 100.00
Food And Beverages 9135.64 71.73 8838.99 74.44 8893.81 73.91
Rice and other cereals 2813.38 22.09 2771.94 23.34 2779.60 23.10
2 Pulses 103.72 0.81 14.13 0.12 30.69 0.26
3 Meat 928.74 7.29 710.72 5.99 751.01 6.24
4 Eggs · 240.35 1.89 166.95 1.41 I 80.52 1.50
5 Fish and crustacea(fresh) 953.56 7.49 880.94 7.42 894.36 7.43 6 Fish and crustacea( dried) 73.06 0.57 258.62 2. I 8 224.33 1.86
7 Ngapi and nganpyaye 117.92 0.93 252.54 2.13 227.66 1.89
8 Vegetables 815.63 6.40 745.72 6.28 758.64 6.30
9 Fruits 185.83 1.46 193.17 1.63 I 91.81 1.59 10 Cooking oil and fats 686.45 5.39 805.81 6.79 783.75 6.51 11 Spices and condiments 596.76 4.69 696.75 5.87 678.27 5.64 12 Beverages 121.96 0.96 213.36 1.80 196.47 1.63 13 Sugar and other food 179. 77 1.41 225.92 1.90 217.39 1.81 14 Milk and milk products 137.82 1.08 17.54 0.15 39.77 0.33 15 Other miscellaneous food 267.34 2. JO 85.67 0.72 119.24 0.99 16 Food taken outside home 913.36 7.17 799.22 6.73 820.31 6.82
Non-Food 3600.74 28.27 3035.39 25.56 3139.86 26.09
17 ·Tobacco 139.97 1.10 190.27 1.60 180.97 1.50 18 Fuel and light . 625.82 4.91 736.12 6.20 715.74 5.95 19 Travelling expenses 318.12 2.50 415.68 3.50 397.65 3.30 20 Journey travelling expenses 112.96 0.89 60.32 0.51 70.05 0.58 21 Clothing and apparel 343.48 2.70 312. 05 2.63 317.86 2.64 22 Personal use goods 193.51 1.52 214.29 1.80 210.45 1.75
23 Cleansing and toilet 292.68 2.30 233.64 1.97 244.55 2.03
24 Crockeries 11.02 0.09 25.01 0.21 22.43 0.19
25 Other household goods 330.50 2.59 115.97 0.98 155.61 1.29 26 Furniture 17.20 0.14 21.59 0.18 20.78 0.17
27 House rent and repairs 298.15 2.34 136.52 1.15 166.39 1.38 28 Stationary and school supplies 80.38 0.63 44.00 0.37 50.72 0.42
29 Education 206.49 1.62 53.73 0.45 81.96 0.68
30 Medical care 219.35 1.72 176.48 1.49 184.40 1.53 31 Recreation 30.50 0.24 56.91 0.48 52.03 0.43
32 Charity and ceremonials 275.23 2.16 194.05 1.63 209:05 1.74
33 Other expenses 105.38 0.83 48.74 0.41 59.20 0.49
66
Table 4.3.1.12 Monthly Household Expenditure by Group
Yangon Division (Value - Kyat)
S.N. Expenditure Group Urban Rural Division
Value I Percent Value I Percent Value I Percent
Household Size (Person) 5.12 5.09 5.11
2 Household Expenditure Total 16053.49 100.00 I 3906.29 100.00 15499.75 100.00
Food And Beverages 10337.31 64.39 9414.42 67.70 I 0099.31 65.16
Rice and other cereals 2252. I I 14.03 2721.83 19.57 2373.24 15.31 2 Pulses 204.23 1.27 227.64 1.64 210.27 l.36 3 Meat I 091.25 6.80 717.25 5.16 994.80 6.42 4 Eggs 314.49 1.96 I 51.63 1.09 272.49 I. 76 5 Fish and crustacea(fresh) 1130.25 7.04 I 127.29 8.1 I 1129.49 7.29 6 Fish and crustacea(dried) 314.92 1.96 315.71 2.27 315.12 2.03 7 Ngapi and nganpyaye 250.18 1.56 459.65 3.3 I 304.20 l.96 8 Vegetables 615.88 3.84 508.90 3.66 588.29 3.80 9 Fruits 278.12 1.73 2 I 7.28 I.56 262.43 l.69 l 0 Cooking oil and fats 1126.24 7.02 I 122.64 8.07 1125.3 I 7.26 11 Spices and condiments 585.86 3.65 619.18 4.45 594.45 3.84 12 Beverages 288.76 1.80 176.63 1.27 259.84 1.68 13 Sugar and other food 182.95 1.14 250.07 1.80 200.26 1.29 14 Milk and milk products 130.02 0.81 28.96 0.21 103.96 0.67 15 Other miscellaneous food 315.29 1.96 256.82 1.85 300.21 1.94 16 Food taken outside home 1256.78 7.83 512.94 3.69 1064.95 6.87
Non-Food 5716.18 35.61 4491.88 32.30 5400.44 34.84
17 Tobacco 147.64 0.92 187.01 1.34 157.80 l.02 18 Fuel and light 749.75 4.67 815.24 5.86 766.64 4.95 19 Travelling expenses 1160.63 7.23 277.36 1.99 932.84 6.02 20 Journey travelling expenses 116.59 0.73 57.36 0.41 101.31 0.65 21 Clothing and apparel 568.93 3.54 442.66 3.18 536.37 3.46 22 Personal use goods 363.54 2.26 413.62 2.97 376.45 2.43 23 Cleansing and toilet 425.47 2.65 328.79 2.,36 400.54 2.58
24 Crockeries 19.81 0.12 34.43 0.25 23.58 0.15
25 Other household goods 267.58 1.67 246.91 1.78 262.25 1.69
26 Furniture 54.28 0.34 67.68 0.49 57.74 0.37
27 House rent and repairs 435.90 2.72 420.50 3.02 431.93 2.79
28 Stationary and school supplies 77.83 0.48 31.76 0.23 65.95 0.43
29 Education 271.11 1.69 165.04 1.19 243.76 1.57
30 Medical care 273.19 1.70 286.41 2.06 276.60 1.78
31 Recreation 53.24 0.33 44.87 0.32 51.08 0.33
32 Charity and ceremonials 610.95 3.81 557.09 4.01 597.06 3.85
33 Other expenses 119.73 0.75 115. 15 0.83 118.55 0.76
67
Table 4.3.1.13 Monthly Household Expenditure by Group
Shan State (Value - Kyat)
S.N. Expenditure Group Urban Rural State
Value I Percent Value I Percent Value I Percent
Household Size (Person) 6.36 5.67 5.83
2 Household Expenditure Total 19540.74 100.00 15815.44 100.00 16649.91 100.00
Food And Beverages 13178.02 67.44 11846.52 74.90 12144.78 72.94
Rice and other cereals 3515.72 17.99 4662.69 29.48 4405.76 26.46
2 Pulses 389.09 1.99 267.84 1.69 295.00 1.77
3 Meat 1908.24 9.77 1438.94 9.10 1544.06 9.27
4 Eggs 327.45 1.68 306.04 1.94 310.83 1.87
5 Fish and crustacea(fresh) 434.91 2.23 244.20 1.54 286.92 1.72
6 Fish and crustacea(dried) 313.48 1.60 253.35 1.60 266.82 1.60
7 Ngapi and nganpyaye 154.82 0.79 150.54 0.95 151.50 0.91
8 Vegetables 945.02 4.84 933.85 5.90 936.35 5.62
9 Fruits 522.81 2.68 378.98 2.40 411.20 2.47
10 Cooking oil and fats 1419.28 7.26 1020.90 6.46 1110.14 6.67
1 1 Spices and condiments 640.84 3.28 509.45 3.22 538.88 3.24
12 Beverages 488.08 2.50 332.04 2.10 367.00 2.20
13 Sugar and other food 175.20 0.90 173.14 1.09 173.60 1.04
14 Milk and milk products 198.18 1.01 34.90 0.22 71.47 0.43
IS Other miscellaneous food 766.94 3.92 424.08 2.68 500.88 3.01
16 Food taken outside home 977.98 5.00 715.59 4.52 774.36 4.65
Non-Food 6362.72 32.56 3968.91 25.10 4505.13 27.06
17 Tobacco 234.14 1.20 232.82 1.47 233.12 1.40
18 Fuel and light 1179.70 6.04 888.75 5.62 953.92 5.73
19 Travelling expenses 704.73 3.61 278.43 1.76 373.92 2.25
20 Journey travelling expenses 186.97 0.96 68.05 0.43 94.69 0.57
21 Clothing and apparel 638.44 3.27 435.76 2.76 481.16 2.89
22 Personal use goods 368.30 1.88 237.08 1.50 266.48 1.60
23 Cleansing and toilet 615.63 3.15 378.90 2.40 431.93 2.59
24 Crockeries 13.04 0.07 21.28 0.13 19.43 0.12
25 Other household goods 94.32 0.48 55.88 0.35 64.49 0.39
26 Furniture 26.71 0.14 21.35 0.14 22.55 0.14
27 House rent and repairs 305.92 1.57 231.16 1.46 247.90 1.49
28 Stationary and school supplies 137.88 0.71 50.84 0.32 70.34 0.42
29 Education 287.13 1.47 68.33 0.43 117.34 0.70
30 Medical care 340.83 1.74 279.33 1.77 293.11 1.76
31 Recreation 118.01 0.60 38.98 0.25 56.69 0.34
32 Charity and ceremonials 887.42 4.54 550.36 3.48 625.86 3.76
33 Other expenses 223.55 1.14 131.62 0.83 152.21 0.91
68
Table 4.3.1.14 Monthly Household Expenditure by Group
Ayeyarwady Division (Value - Kyat)
S.N. Expenditure Group Urban Rural Division
Value I Percent Value I Percent Value I Percent
Household Size ( Person ) 4.98 5.39 5.31
2 Household Expenditure Total 12641.61 100.00 12184.72 100.00 12267.99 100.00
Food And Beverages 8685.99 68.71 . 8485.34 69.64 8521.91 69.46
l Rice and other cereals 1977.91 15.65 2235.56 18.35 2188.60 17.84
2 Pulses 84.28 0.67 105.91 0.87 101.97 0.83
3 Meat 1000.01 7.91 954.70 7.84 962.96 7.85
4 Eggs 223.86 1.77 129.44 1.06 146.65 1.20
5 Fish and crustacea(fresh) 1055.25 8.35 919.92 7.55 944.59 7.70
6 Fish and crustacea( dried) 365.55 2.89 163.34 1.34 200.19 1.63
7 Ngapi and nganpyaye 152.28 1.20 296.50 2.43 270.21 2.20
8 Vegetables 387.69 3.07 425.97 3.50 418.99 3.42
9 Fruits 224.49 1.78 218.00 1.79 219.18 1.79
10 Cooking oil and fats 930.65 7.36 878.08 7.21 887.66 7.24
11 Spices and condiments 475.46 3.76 426.19 3.50 435.17 3.55
12 Beverages 217.76 1.72 264.87 2.17 256.28 2.09
13 Sugar and other food 227.11 1.80 596.97 4.90 529.56 4.32
14 Milk and milk products 59.66 0.47 57.45 0.47 57.85 0.47
IS Other miscellaneous food 238.08 1.88 213.66 1.75 218.11 1.78
16 Food taken outside home 1065.93 8.43 598.80 4.91 683.93 5.57
Non-Food 3955.62 31.29 3699.38 30.36 3746.08 30.54
17 Tobacco 139.44 1.10 104.62 0.86 110.96 0.90
18 Fuel and light 591.18 4.68 643.26 5.28 633.77 5.17
19 Travelling expenses 240.80 1.90 242.75 1.99 242.40 1.98
20 Journey travelling expenses 102.59 0.81 112.90 0.93 111.02 0.90
21 Clothing and apparel 500.8 I 3.96 397.82 3.26 416.59 3.40
22 Personal use goods 325.01 2.57 161.12 1.32 190.98 1.56
23 Cleansing and toilet 289.32 2.29 249.29 2.05 256.58 2.09
24 Crockeries 12.50 0.10 28.00 0.23 25.18 0.21
25 Other household goods 150.30 1.19 495.15 4.06 432.30 3.52
26 Furniture 30.31 0.24 37.12 0.30 35.88 0.29
27 House rent and repairs 279.69 2.21 260.35 2.14 263.87 2.15
28 Stationary and school supplies 38.44 0.30 49.78 0.41 47.71 0.39
29 Education 199.96 1.58 63.54 0.52 88.40 0.72
30 Medical care 272.45 2. 16 197.98 1.62 211.55 1.72
31 Recreation 41.01 0.32 37.61 0.31 38.23 0.31
32 Charity and ceremonials 487.05 3.85 454.21 3.73 460.19 3.75
33 Other expenses 254.76 2.02 163.90 1.35 I 80.46 1.47
69
Table 4.3.4 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Union
S.N. Expenditure Class (Kyats) Urban Rural Union
Up to 2000 0.16 0.16 0.16
2 2001 to 4000 2.38 1.85 2.01
3 4001 to 6000 7.05 5.98 6.30
4 6001 to 8000 11.30 11.07 11.13
5 8001 to 10000 12.84 14.86 14.26
6 10001 to 12000 12.46 13.24 13.01
7 12001 to 14000 10. 71 11.64 11.36
8 14001 to 16000 8.86 9.24 9.12
9 16001 to 18000 6.68 6.81 6.77.
10 18001 to 20000 5.63 5.00 5.19
11 20001 to 25000 10.41 8.63 9.16
12 25001 to 30000 4.36 4.54 4.49
13 30001 to 40000 . 3.21 3.77 3.60
14 40001 to 50000 2.52 1.48 1.79
15 50001 & above 1.45 I. 73 1.65
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
70
Table 4.3.4.1 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Kachin State
S.N. Expenditure Class (Kyats) Urban Rural State
Up to 2000 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 2001 to 4000 0.33 0.21 0.24
3 4001 to 6000 0.64 2.78 2.26
4 6001 to 8000 2.59 5.49 4.78
5 8001 to 10000 3.53 12.6.5 10.42
6 10001 to 12000 .5.80 14.16 12.12
7 12001 to 14000 8.3.5 l 3.42 12.18
8 14001 to 16000 6.76 13.92 12.17
9 16001 to 18000 8.69 10.27 9.89
IO 18001 to 20000 6.75 7.10 7.01
I l 20001 to 25000 18.42 10.64 12.54
12 25001 to 30000 I 1.27 4. 18 5.9 I
13 30001 to 40000 12.95 2.66 5.17
14 40001 to 50000 5.81 1.12 2.26
15 50001 & above 8.10 1.40 3.04
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
Table 4.3.4.2 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Kayah State
S.N. Expenditure Class (Kyats) Urban Rural State
Up to 2000 0.09 0.50 0.38
2 2001 to 4000 0.54 2.98 2.24
3 4001 to 6000 6.63 11.68 10.14
4 6001 to 8000 18.18 18.69 18.53
5 8001 to 10000 22.18 13.76 16.32
6 10001 to 12000 13.82 13.08 I 3.31
7 12001 to 14000 12.55 10.50 11.12
8 14001 to 16000 6.27 6.74 6.60
9 16001 to 18000 6.46 4.48 5.08
10 18001 to 20000 1.91 4.20 3.50
I I 20001 to 25000 4.82 8.70 7.52
12 25001 to 30000 2.73 I. 98 2.21
13 30001 to 40000 0. 18 1.48 l.08
14 40001 to 50000 2.73 0.48 1.16
15 50001 & above 0.91 0.76 0.81
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
71
Table 4.3.4.3 Percentage Distribution .of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Kayin State
S.N. Expenditure Class (Kyats) Urban Rural State
Up to 2000 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 2001 to 4000 0.23 0.52 0.48
3 4001 to 6000 1.66 3.85 3.58
4 6001 to 8000 7.27 6.14 6.27
5 8001 to 10000 10.81 I 1.00 10.97
6 10001 to 12000 13.49 13.71 13.68
7 12001 to 14000 14.45 13.78 13.86
8 14001 to 16000 8.22 11.65 11.23
9 16001 to 18000 8.12 12.30 11.79
10 18001 to 20000 11.66 7.41 7.92
II 20001 to 25000 12.00 7.47 8.02
12 25001 to 30000 3.36 4.92 4.73
13 30001 to 40000 4.45 3.57 3.68
14 40001 to 50000 1.60 I. 70 l.68
15 50001 & above 2.67 2.01 2.09
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
Table 4.3.4.4 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Chin State
S.N. Expenditure Class (Kyats) Urban Rural State
Up to 2000 0.00 I.98 l.62
2 2001 to 4000 3.15 l I.59 10.02
3 4001 to 6000 7.12 l I.98 I l.08
4 6001 to 8000 7.72 17.42 15.62
5 8001 to 10000 8.39 16.59 15.07
6 10001 to 12000 9.57 9.52 9.53
7 12001 to 14000 9.18 7.53 7.84
8 14001 to 16000 7.46 7.13 7.19
9 16001 to 18000 8.64 3.61 4.54
10 18001 to 20000 6.64 2.91 3.60
11 20001 to 25000 11.64 6.44 7.40
12 25001 to 30000 10.67 1.80 3.44
13 30001 to 40000 7.43 0.50 1.78
14 40001 to ?0000 0.39 0.80 0.72
15 50001 & above 2.00 0.20 0.54
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
72 Table 4.3.4.5 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class
Sagaing Division
S.N. Expenditure Class (Kyats) Urban Rural Division
Up to 2000 0.00 0.17 0.14
2 2001 to 4000 2.49 1.84 1.95
3 4001 to 6000 8.02 5.92 6.28
4 6001 to 8000 13.76 12.63 12.82
5 8001 to 10000 12.35 17.46 16.58
6 10001 to 12000 14.79 13.46 13.69
7 12001 to 14000 7.53 14.34 13.17
8 14001 to 16000 7.65 8.82 8.62
9 16001 to 18000 8.64 6.45 6.82
10 18001 to 20000 4.26 5.17 5.02
11 20001 to 25000 7.32 6.58 6.71
12 25001 to 30000 6.29 3.51 3.99
13 30001 to 40000 5.02 2.11 2.61
14 40001 to 50000 0.74 1.0 l 0.97
15 50001 & above 1.1 l 0.53 b.63
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
Table 4.3.4.6 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Tanintharyi Division
S.N. Expenditure Class (Kyats) Urban Rural Division
Up to 2000 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 2001 to 4000 0.72 0.96 0.89
3 4001 to 6000 1.90 1.59 1.68
4 6001 to 8000 5.71 3.37 4.03
5 8001 to 10000 5.48 6.82 6.44
6 1000 I · to 12000 6.46 7.86 7.46
7 12001 to 14000 6.92 l 0.83 9.72
8 14001 to 16000 9.54 12.13 11.39
9 16001 to 18000 11.21 8.93 9.58
10 18001 to 20000 5.48 9.17 8.12
11 20001 to 25000 12.61 17.66 16.22
12 25001 to 30000 8.09 8.05 8.06
13 30001 to 40000 9.98 7.65 8.31
14 40001 to 50000 6.40 2.81 3.83
15 50001 & above 9.47 2.17 4.25
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
73
Table 4.3.4. 7 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Bago Division
S.N. Expenditure Class (Kyats) Urban Rural Division
Up to 2000 0.34 0.28 0.30
2 2001 to 4000 1.39 2.18 1.99
3 4001 to 6000 8.08 6.85 7.14
4 6001 to 8000 13 .16 12.64 12.76
5 8001 to 10000 14.10 15.88 15.45
6 10001 to 12000 16.13 14.03 14.53
7 12001 to 14000 9.38 9.54 9.50
8 14001 to 16000 8.00 10.28 9.73
9 16001 to 18000 6.65 6.30 6J8
IO 18001 to 20000 6.35 4.22 4.73
I I 20001 to 25000 4.58 7.78 7.01
12 25001 to 30000 2.10 3.01 2.79
13 30001 to 40000 4.24 3.29 3.52
14 40001 to 50000 2.75 1.58 1.86
15 50001 & above 2.75 2.18 2.3 I
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
Table 4.3.4.8 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Magway Division
S.N. Expenditure Class (Kyats) Urban Rural Division
Up to 2000 0.49 0.43 0.44
2 2001 to 4000 5.56 4.21 4.46
3 4001 to 6000 15.77 9.35 10.54
4 6001 to 8000 18.88 17.25 17.55
5 8001 to 10000 19. l 0 20.91 20.58
6 10001 to 12000 12.10 16. 17 15.41
7 12001 to 14000 8.11 9.98 9.63
8 14001 to 16000 6.58 8.04 7.77
9 16001 to 18000 3.33 3. I 9 3.22
10 18001 to 20000 2.63 2.48 2.50
I I 20001 to 25000 4.24 4.43 4.40
12 25001 to 30000 0.49 1.75 1.52
13 30001 to 40000 l.48 1.02 I.IO
14 40001 to 50000 0.46 0.30 0.33
15 50001 & above 0.78 0.51 0.56
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
74
Table 4.3.~.9 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Mandalay Division
S.N. Expenditure Class (K ya ts) Urban Rural Division
Up to 2000 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 2001 to 4000 l.29 1.65 1..54
3 4001 to 6000 5.65 6.75 6.39
4 6001 to 8000 8.76 11.75 10.78
5 8001 to 10000 12.61 17.00 15.58
6 1000[ to 12000 15.75 15.66 15.69
7 12001 to 14000 13.27 13.41 13.36
8 14001 to 16000 9.46 8.63 8.90
9 16001 to 18000 6.38 7.37 7.05
IO 18001 to 20000 6.32 4.53 5.11
11 20001 to 25000 7.53 6.22 6.64
12 25001 to 30000 5.06 3.17 3.78
13 30001 to 40000 4.12 2.46 3.00
14 40001 to 50000 1.60 0.59 0.92
15 50001 & above 2.21 0.78 1.24
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
Table 4.3.4.10 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Mon State
S.N. Expenditure Class (Kyats) Urban Rural State
Up to 2000 0.00 0.18 0.12
2 2001 to 4000 0.73 0.70 0.71
3 4001 to 6000 5.78 4.64 5.03
4 6001 to 8000 17.16 8.06 11.15
5 8001 to 10000 15.86 12.14 13.40
6 10001 to 12000 12.18 12.13 12.15
7 12001 to 14000 10.35 11.54 11.14
8 14001 to 16000 12.48 9.54 10.53
9 16001 to 18000 7.29 7.57 7.47
10 18001 to 20000 3.97 5.49 4.97
11 20001 to 25000 6.47 12.62 10.54
12 25001 to 30000 2.42 5.99 4.78
13 30001 to 40000 2.37 4.26 3.62
14 40001 to 50000 1.94 2.52 2.32
15 50001 & above 0.98 2.65 2.08
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
75
Table 4.3.4.11 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Rakhine State
S.N. Expenditure Class (Kyats) Urban ·Rural State
Up to 2000 0.77 0.00 0.14
2 2001 to 4000 4.38 1.71 2.20
3 4001 to 6000 10.92 4.75 5.89
4 6001 to 8000 15.53 9.50 10.62
5 8001 to 10000 15.22 14.97 15.02
6 10001 to 12000 8.91 14.14 13.17
7 12001 to 14000 10.39 12.90 12.44
8 14001 to 16000 7.42 9.50 9.12
9 16001 to 18000 3.66 6.71 6.14
10 18001 to 20000 3.91 5.74 5.40
11 20001 to 25000 5.94 11.06 10.11
12 25001 to 30000 4.77 2.29 2.75
13 30001 to 40000 3.59 5.13 4.85
14 40001 to 50000 2.09 0.61 0.89
15 50001 & above 2.48 0.98 1.26
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
Table 4.3.4.12 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Yangon Division
S.N. Expenditure Class (Kyats) Urban Rural Division
Up to 2000 0.16 0.11 0.15
2 2001 to 4000 0.94 2.05 1.23
3 4001 to 6000 4.26 5.39 4.55
4 6001 to 8000 8.60 7.03 8.19
5 8001 to 10000 11.74 9.66 11.20
6 10001 to 12000 10.96 11.61 11. 13
7 12001 to 14000 11.94 12.56 12.10
8 14001 to 16000 10.0 I 7.80 9.44
9 16001 to 18000 7.48 8.68 7.79
10 18001 to 20000 6.78 5.47 6.44 '
11 20001 to 25000 10.80 11.43 10.97
12 25001 to 30000 6.00 6.95 6.25
13 30001 to 40000 5.33 6.26 5.57
14 40001 to 50000 2.19 2.07 2.16
15 50001 & above 2.81 2.95 2.85
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
76
Table 4.3.4.13 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Shan State
S.N. Expenditure Class (Kyats) Urban Rural State
Up to 2000 0.39 0.09 0.16
2 2001 to 4000 0.80 0.44 0.52
3 4001 to 6000 1.77 3.52 3.13
4 6001 to 8000 2.82 6.67 5.81
5 8001 to 10000 5.77 I 0.27 9.26
6 10001 to 12000 9.34 11.54 11.05
7 12001 to 14000 9.72 11.54 11.13
8 14001 to 16000 7.35 I 0.39 9.71
9 16001 to 18000 10.18 7.60 8.17
IO 18001 to 20000 9.04 6.74 7.25
11 20001 to 25000 15.53 11.83 12.66
12 25001 to 30000 7.84 7.48 7.56
13 30001 to 40000 6.27 5.64 5.78
14 40001 to 50000 7.13 2.77 3.74
15 50001 & above 6.06 3.50 4.08
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
Table 4.3.4.14 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Ayeyarwady Division
S.N. Expenditure Class (Kyats) Urban Rural Division
Up to 2000 0.00 0.08 0.07
2 2001 to 4000 9.51 1.0 I 2.56
3 4001 to 6000 15.28 . 4.73 6.65
4 6001 to 8000 18.73 8.99 10.76
5 8001 to 10000 15.57 11.22 12.01
6 10001 to 12000 11.05 10.15 10.32
7 12001 to 14000 8.80 10.14 9.90
8 14001 to 16000 7.19 9.19 8.83
9 16001 to 18000 3.12 7.71 6.87
10 18001 to 20000 1.96 5.80 5.10
11 20001 to 25000 2.42 11.48 9.83
12 25001 to 30000 1.90 7.65 6.60
13 30001 to 40000 1.75 6.40 5.56
14 40001 to 50000 1.90 2.54 2.42
15 50001 & above 0.82 2.91 2.53
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
77
Table 4.1.15 Average Household Size
SNI Description Urban Rural Overall
Union 5.22 5.32 5.25
. I Kachin State 6.81 6.57 6.63
2 Kayah State 5.52 5.53 5.53
3 Kayin State 6.03 5.27 5.36
4 Chin State 5.87 6.67 6.53
5 Sagaing Division 5.10 5.59 5.50
6 Tanintharyi Division 5.87 5.57 5.66
7 Bago Division 5.06 4.48 4.62
8 Magway Division 5.47 5.49 5.49
9 Mandalay Division 4.94 5.41 5.26
10 Mon State 5.24 5.35 5.31
11 Rakhine State 5.94 4.75 4.97
12 Yangon Division 5.12 5.09 5 .11
13 Shan State 6.36 5.67 5.83
14 Ayeyarwady Division 4.98 5.39 5.31
77
Table 4.1.15 Average Household Size
SNI Description Urban Rural Overall
Union 5.22 5.32 5.25
Kachin State 6.81 6.57 6.63
2 Kayah State 5.52 5.53 5.53
3 Kayin State 6.03 5.27 5.36
4 Chin State 5.87 6.67 6.53
5 Sagaing Division 5.10 5.59 5.50
6 Tanintharyi Division 5.87 5.57 5.66
7 Bago Division 5.06 4.48 4.62
8 Magway Division 5.47 5.49 5.49
9 Mandalay Division 4.94 5.41 5.26
10 Mon State 5.24 5.35 5.31
11 Rakhine State 5.94 4.75 4.97
12 Yangon Division 5.12 5.09 5 .11
13 Shan State 6.56 5.67 5.83
14 Ayeyarwady Division 4.98 5.39 5.31
78
Table 4.1.16 Percentage Distribution of Households by Household Size Class, Overall
S.N. Description Percentage of Households
1 to 2 persons 3 to 7 persons 8 to I 0 persons 11 persons and above
Union 8.59 76.66 12.54 2.20
Kachin State 4.21 64.14 23.11 8.53
2 Kayah State 5.95 76.91 14.89 2.24
3 Kayin State 8.02 75.66 14.06 2.64
4 Chin State 5.25 62.06 25.12 7.58
5 Sagaing Division 8.78 72.94 15.41 2.85
6 Tanintharyi Division 7.67 72.10 17.15 3.09
7 Bago Division 10.39 82.77 5.91 0.94
8 Magway Division 8.06 75.07 14.44 2.46
9 Mandalay Division 7.67 78.75 11.85 .1. 75
10 Mon State 9.54 73.23 14.87 2.40
1 I Rakhine Stat~ 11.62 76.69 10.54 1.16
12 Yangon Division 8.21 79.22 10.45 2.11
13 Shan State 4.45 74.27 I 8.15 3. 13
14 Ayeyarwady Division 10.24 75.74 12. IO 1.92
79
Table 4.1.17 Percentage Distribution. of Households by Household Size Class, Urban
S.N. Description Percentage of Households
1 to 2 persons 3 to 7 persons 8 to 10 persons l l persons and above
Union 8.79 76.45 12.14 2.63
Kachin State 8.03 58.04 20.99 I2.92
2 Kayah State 5.27 79.73 12.27 2.73
3 Kayin State 4.28 71.56 20.78 3.36
4 Chin State 10.73 61.34 23.79 4.15
5 Sagaing Division 11.80 74.06 12.55 1.56
6 Tanintharyi Division 5.72 74.54 15.22 4.54
7 Bago Division 7.97 80.41 9.07 2.56
8 Magway Division 8.52 73.05 14.64 3.79
9 Mandalay Division 10.60 77.15 10.71 1.56
IO Mon State 10.44 73.68 I3.94 2.0I
l I Rakhine State 5.40 70.93 19.32 4.34
12 Yangon Division 7.70 79.70 10.35 2.26
13 Shan State 4.54 67.21 21.86 6.40
14 Ayeyarwady Division 11.29 74.94 I l.80 1.96
80
Table 4.1.18 Percentage Distribution of Households by Household Size Class, Rural
S.N. Description Percentage of Households
I to 2 person_s 3 to 7 persons 8 to 10 persons 11 persons and above
Union 7.66 77.40 12.97 1.99
Kach in State 2.97 66.13 23.79 7.11
2 Kayah State 6.26 75.68 16.03 2.02
3 Kayin State 8.34 76.22 13.12 2.54
4 Chin State 4.00 62.21 25.43 8.36
5 Sagaing Division 8.15 72.71 16.02 3.12
6 Tanintharyi Division 8.44 71.13 17.93 2.51
7 Bago Division 11.15 83.53 4.91 0.42
8 Magway Division 7.96 75.52 14.38 2.16
9 · Mandalay Division 6.27 79.51 12.40 1.85
10 Mon State 9.08 73.00 15.34 2.59
11 Rakhine State 13.04 77.99 8.55 0.43
12 Yangon Division 9.68 77.87 10.77 1.69
13 Shan State 4.43 76.31 17.09 2.19
14 Ayeyarwady Division 5.50 79.35 13.44 1.73
2
81
Table 4.2.1.15 Average Monthly Household Income
S.N. Description
Union
State and Division
1 Kachin State
2 Kayah State
3 Kayin State
4 Chin State
5 Sagaing Division
6 Tanintharyi Division
7 Bago Division
8 Magway Division
9 Mandalay Division
10 Mon State
I 1 Rakhine State
I 2 Yangon Division
13 Shan State
14 Ayeyarwady Division
3 City
1 Yangon
2 Mandalay
Urban
13005.76
22883.62
5877.70
13241.82
9976.25
8359.09
16038.41
12910.71
7130.35
8943.08
10748.35
7264.30
18174.36
15198.02
9737.95
18997.36
11058.03
Rural
8905.65
10065.07
4072.44
11599.90
6121.53
7636.89
11387.18
7329.02
643 I .25
8510.07
10777.56
6523.69
12306.09
6429.72
12884.96
( Kyats)
Overall
IO 122.98
13 I 96.6 I
4622.15
11800.54
6836.21
7760.88
12712.76
8673 .64
6560.61
8650.39
10767.66
6660.56
16660.99
8393.82
12311.42
18997.36
11058.03
82
Table 4.2.1.16 Ranking of States and Divisions by Average Monthly Household Income
( Kyats )
Urban Rural Overall
S.N. Rank State and Average Rank State and Average Rank State and Average
Division monthly Division monthly Division monthly
household household household
mcome mcome mcome
Kachin 22883.62 Ayeyarwad 12884.96 Yangon 16660.99
2 2 Yangon 18174.36 2 Yangon 12306.09 2 Kachin 13196.61
3 3 T anintharyi 16038.41 3 Ka yin 11599.90 3 Tanintharyi 12712.76
4 4 Shan 15198.02 4 Tanintharyi 11387.18 4 Ayeyarwad 12311.42
5 5 Ka yin 13241.82 5 Mon 10777.56 5 Ka yin 11800.54
6 6 Bago 12910.71 6 Ka chin 10065.07 6 Mon 10767.66
7 7 Mon 10748.35 7 Manddalay 8510.07 7 Bago 8673.64
8 8 Chin 9976.25 8 Sagaing 7636.89 8 Manddalay 8650.39
9 9 Ayeyarwad 9737.95 9 Bago 7329.02 9 Shan 8393.82
10 IO Manddalay 8943.08 10 Rakhine 6523.69 10 Sagaing 7760.88
11 11 Sagaing 8359.09 11 Magway 6431.25 11 Chin 6836.21
12 12 Rakhine 7264.30 12 Shan 6429.72 12 Rakhine 6660.56
13 13 Magway 7130.35 13 Chin 6121.53 13 Magway 6560.61
14 14 Kayah 5877.70 14 Kayah 4072.44 14 Kayah 4622.15
83
Table 4.2.1.17 Median Monthly Household Income
( Kyats )
S.N. Description Urban Rural Overall
Union 7369.58 6604.60 6966.15
State and Division
Kachin State 12288.38 728 I .60 8867.02
2 Kayah State 5585.21 5257.02 5416.44 ..,
Kayin State 8999.46 7806.74 836 l.48 .)
4 Chin State 6777.34 5946.49 6335.19
5 Sagaing Division 6395.14 6340.81 6368.27
6 Tanintharyi Division 11516.24 8604.61 9710.68
7 Bago Division 7548.68 5932.38 6643.20
8 Magway Division 5878.00 5430.56 5645. I I
9 Mandalay Division 5957 .83 6507.48 6220.92
10 Mon State 7494.38 7339.30 7416.58
11 Rakhine State 5960.67 5989.22 5974.91
12 Yangon Division 7109.75 8057.03 7553.24
13 Shan State 9144.27 5786.85 7088.59
14 Ayeyarwady Division 6701.06 8658.24 7554.38
3 City
Yangon 10421.67 10421.67
2 Mandalay 7650.30 7650.30
2
84
Table 4.2.1.18 Percentage Contribution by Wages and Salaries to the Average Monthly Household Income
S.N. Description Urban Rural Overall
Union 77.87 37.83 49.71
State and Division
Kachin State 76.95 67.14 69.54
2 Kayah State 62.5 I 28.47 38.84
3 Kayin State 86.67 58.65 62.08
4 Chin State 41.42 8.45 14.56
5 Sagaing Division 80.08 39.39 46.38
6 Tanintharyi Division 85.08 63.39 69.57
7 Bago Division 57.44 31.66 37.87
8 Magway Division 74.75 35. 16 42.49
9 Mandalay Division 80.21 36.68 50.79
10 Mon State ----.:..........-- 85.79 54.66 65.21
I I Rakhine State 77.79 60.83 63.97
12 Yangon Division 85.46 61.98 79.41
13 Shan State 82.97 37. 16 47.42
14 Ayeyarwady Division 63.43 24.05 31.23
3 City
Yangon 86.03 86.03
2 Mandalay 83.20 83.20
2
85
Table 4.2.1.19 Percentage Contribution by the Entrepreneurial Income to the Average Monthly Household Income
S.N. Description Urban Rural Overall
Union 15.33 55.91 43.86
State and Division
Kachin State 17.09 28.07 25.39
2 Kayah State 36.34 66.58 57.37
3 Kayin State 9.14 33.46 30.49
4 Chin State 43.42 72.86 67.40
5 Sagaing Division 12.39 57.98 50.15
6 Tanintharyi Division 9.69 33.50 26.71
7 Bago Division 33.89 54.38 49.44
8 Magway Division 20.00 59.38 52.09
CJ Mandalay Division 14.11 61.42 46.09
10 Mon State 6.36 31.44 22.94
11 Rakhine State 16.40 17.34 17.19
12 Yangon Division 6.23 31.5 12.75
13 Shan State 12.92 61.65 50.74
14 Ayeyarwady Division 32.64 71.41 64.34
3 City
Yangon 6.02 6.02
2 Mandalay 12.51 12.51
N.
J
86
Table 4.2.2.15 Percentage Distribution of Households by Combined
Monthly Household Income Class, Overall
Description Monthly Household Income ( Kyats )
up to 2000 200 I to I 0000 I 000 I to 20000 2000 I and above
Union 6.27 66.49 18.62 8.64
Ka chin State 5 .11 57.57 24.70 12.60
Kayah State 20.94 72.49 5.38 1.20
Kayin State 6.37 56.64 22.15 14.83
Chin State 21.11 61.07 14.58 3.24
Sagaing Division 10.46 68.29 15.53 5.71
Tanintharyi Division 4.43 49.92 31.52 14.14
Bago Division 8.67 71.28 13 .82 6.23
Magway Division 3.83 86.96 7.03 2.20
Mandalay Division 4.95 72.00 16.16 6.90
Mon State 3.59 64.08 23.73 8.60
Rakhine State 13.26 70.31 13.52 2.92
Yangon Division 3.56 50.32 28.58 17.54
Shan State 11.33 67.98 13.09 5.61
Ayeyarwady Division 2.83 58.01 26.31 12.86
'\J.
87
Table 4.2.2.16 Percentage Distribution of Households by Combined
Monthly Household Income Class, Urban
Description Monthly Household Income ( K yats )
up to 2000 200 1 to 10000 I 000 I to 20000 2000 I and above
Union 5 .15 60.12 22.35 12.29
Kachin State 3.87 40.24 25.76 30.14
Kayah State 9.99 79.55 7.64 2.82
Kayin State 4.34 51.23 26.23 18.18
Chin State 12.94 60.85 17.63 8.58
Sagaing Division 10.29 67.90 14.83 6.99
Tanintharyi Division 3.81 41.07 33.79 21.33
Bago Division 4.77 61.48 21.62 12.10
Magway Division 10.28 74.79 11.76 3.17
Mandalay Division 5.67 71.44 16.47 6.41
Mon State 2.65 64.07 25.01 8.23
Rakhine State 15.90 68.00 12.66 3.46
Yangon Division 2.90 48.13 29.31 19.63
Shan State 3.31 51.38 28.93 16.39
Ayeyarwady Division 4.49 70.14 18.42 6.95
N.
2
3
-+
)
6
7
8
l)
I 0
II
12
13
14
88
Table 4.2.2.17 Percentage Distribution of Households by Combined
Monthly Household Income Class, Rural
Description Monthly Household Income ( Kyats )
up to 2000 200 I to I 0000 I 000 I to 20000 2000 I and above
Union 6.75 69.17 17.04 7.07
Kachin State 5.51 63.16 24.38 6.95
Kayah State 25.73 69.40 4.40 0.48
Kayin State 6.66 57.40 21.58 14.37
Chin State 22.97 61.13 13.87 2.03
Sagaing Division 10.50 68.37 15.69 5.44
Tanintharyi Division 4.6~ 53.44 30.60 11.28
Bago Division 9.90 74.40 11.36 4.37
Magway Division 2.37 89.73 5.96 l.96
Mandalay Division 4.60 72.25 16.01 7.14
Mon State 4.07 64.06 23.07 8.79
Rakhine State 12.66 70.83 13.71 2.80
Yangon Division 5.45 56.62 26.41 l l .52
Shan State 13.65 72.78 11.09 2.50
Ayeyarwady Division 2.46 55.30 28.06 14.19
89
Table 4.3.1.15 Average Monthly Household Expenditure
.N. Description Urban Rural
Union 15266.42 13091.16
State and Division
I Kachin State 19074.86 15494.24
2 Kayah State 12012.19 10582.09
3 Kayin State 15645.59 14847.18
4 Chin State 11802.97 l 0596.51
5 Sagaing Division 14705.36 13328.80
6 Tanintharyi Division 19929.62 19041.34
7 Bago Division 14634.79 13265.32
8 Magway Division 1222 I .55 11671.52
9 Mandalay Division 15851.98 12867.01
IO Mon State 14285.68 13411.72
11 Rakhine State 12736.39 11874.38
12 Yangon Division 16053.49 13906.29
13 Shan State I 9540.74 15815.44
14 Ayeyarwady Division 12641.61 12184.72
City
I Yangon 16234.81
2 Mandalay 18273.60
( Kyats)
Overall
13784:51
16368.98
11017.56
14944.75
10820.20
13565.15
19294.50
13595.22
11773.30
13834.31
13708.00
12033.68
15499.75
16649.91
12267.99
16234.8 I
18273.60
90
Table 4.3.1.16 Ranking of States and Devisions by Monthly Household Expenditure
( Kyats)
S.N. Urban Rural Overall
Rank State and Value Rank State and Value Rank State and Value
Division Division Division
Taninthayi ~9929.62 Taninthayi 19041.34 Taninthayi 19294.50
2 2 Shan 19540.74 2 Shan 15815.44 2 Shan 16649.9 I
3 ..,
Kachin 19074.86 3 Kachin 15494.24 3 Kachin 16368.98 .)
4 4 Yangon 16053.49 4 Ka yin 14847.18 4 Yangon 15499.75
5 5 Mandalay 15851.98 5 Yangon 13906.29 5 Ka yin 14944.75
6 6 Ka yin 15645.59 6 Mon 13411.72 6 Mandalay 13834.31
7 7 Sagaing 14705.36 7 Sagaing 13328.80 7 Mon 13708.00
8 8 Bago 14634.79 8 Bago 13265.32 8 Bago 13595.22
9 9 Mon 14285.68 9 Mandalay 12867.01 9 Sagaing 13565.15
10 10 Rakhine 12736.39 10 Ayeyarwad 12184.72 10 Ayeyarwad 12267.99
11 11 Ayeyarwady 12641.61 11 Rakhine 11874.38 II Rakhine 12033.68
12 12 Magway 12221.55 12 Magway 11671.52 12 Magway 11773.30
13 13 Kay ah 12012.19 13 Chin 10596.51 13 Kayah 11017.56
14 14 Chin 11802.97. 14 Kayah 10582.09 14 Chin 10820.20
Table 4.3.1.17 Median
S.N. Description
Union
2 State and Division
Kachin State
2 Kayah State
3 Kayin State
4 Chin State
5 Sagaing Division
6 Tanintharyi Division
7 Bago Division
8 Magway Division
9 Mandalay Divi.sion
10 Mon State
11 Rakhine State
12 Yangon Division
13 Shan State
14 Ayeyarwady Division
3 City
Yangon
2 Mandalay
91
Monthly
Urban
13672.85
22207.13
10578.91
15371.04
15692.79
13121.34
19132.75
12781.05
7008.63
14239.81
12261.64
10925.47
15696.50
18427.82
7171.87
15495. 16
11621.03
Household Expenditure
I Rural
13499.80
14906.72
10613.82
14845.47
6882.54
12484.42
17617.52
12746.72
9461.61
12612.31
15248.46
13893.63
15587.39
16070.04
15577.74
( Kyats )
Overall
13549.52
16054.96
10604.38
15101.19
8954.8 I
12583.42
17986.74
12755.62
9074.69
12655.83
14237.01
13487.06
14771.48
16577.50
14376.9 I
15495.16
11621.03
92
Table 4.3.2 Monthly Household Expenditure on Food and Beverages
S.N. Description
Union
2 State and Division
Kachin State
2 Kayah State
3 Kayin State
4 Chin State
5 Sagaing Division
6 Tanintharyi Division
7 Bago Division
8 Magway Division
9 Mandalay Division
10 Mon State
11 Rakhine State
12 Yangon Division
13 Shan State
14 Ayeyarwady Division
3 City
Yangon
2 Mandalay
Urban
10419.99
I 36(i0.87
9035.73
11036.05
8344.93
10366.10
13726.32
10259.27
9279.28
11172.37
10026.16
9135.64
10337.31
13178.02
8685.99
10417.19
12700.56
Rural
9479.30
11264.22
8015.07
10832.87
7775.23
9943.1 I
12849.61
9330.53
8840.00
9482.31
9281.0 I
8838.99
9414.42
11846.52
8485.34
( Kyats)
Overall
9779.45
11849.72
8325.87
10857.70
7880.85
10015.74
13099.47
9554.26
8921.28
10029.98
9533.62
8893.81
10099.31
12144.78
8521.91
10417.19
12700.56
93
Table 4.3.2.1 Ranking of States and Devisions by Monthly Expenditure on Food and Beverages
( Kyats )
S.N. Urban Rural Overall
Rank State and Value Rank State and Value Rank State and Value
Division Division Division
Tanintharyi 13726.32 Tanintharyi 12849.61 Tanintharyi 13099.47
2 2 Kachin, 13660.87 2 Shan 11846.52 2 Shan 12144.78
3 3 Shan 13178.02 3 Kachin 11264.22 3 Kach in 11849.72
4 4 Ka yin 11036.05 4 Ka yin I 0832.87 4 Ka yin 10857.70
5 5 Mandalay 11172.37 5 Sagaing 9943.11 5 Sagaing I 0015. 74
6 6 Sagaing 10366.10 6 Mandalay 9482.31 6 Yangon 10099.31
7 7 Bago 10259.27 7 Yangon 9414.42 7 Mandalay 10029.98
8 8 Yangon 10337.31 8 Bago 9330.53 8 Bago 9554.26
9 9 Mon 10026.16 9 Mon 9281.0 I 9 Mon 9533.62
10 10 Magway 9279.28 10 Magway 8840.00 10 Magway 8921.28
11 11 Rakhine 9135.64 11 Rakhine 8838.99 11 Rakhine 8893.81
12 12 Kayah 9035.73 12 Ayeyarwady 8485.34 12 Ayeyarwady 8521.91
13 13 Ayeyarwady 8685.99 13 Kayah 8015.07 13 Kayah 8325.87
14 14 Chin 8344.93 14 Chin 7775.23 14 Chin 7880.85
94
Table 4.3.3 Monthly Household Expenditure on Non-food
S.N. Description
Union
2 State and Division
Kachin State
2 Kayah State
3 Kayin State
4 Chin State
5 Sagaing Division
6 Tanintharyi Division
7 Bago Division
8 Magway Division
9 Mandalay Division
10 Mon State
11 Rakhine State
12 Yangon Division
13 Shan State
14 Ayeyarwady Division
3 City
Yangon
2 Mandalay
Urban
4846.43
5413.99
2976.46
4609.54
3458.04
4339.26
6203.31
4375.52
2942.27
4679.61
4259.52
3600.74
5716.18
6362.72
3955.62
5817.62
5573.05
Rural
3611.86
4230.02
2567.02
4014.33
2821.29
3385.69
6191.73
3934.79
2831.52
3384.70
4130.71
3035.39
4491.88
3968.91
3699.38
( Kyats)
Overall
4005.06
4519.26
2691.70
4087.06
2939.35
3549.42
6195.03
4040.96
2852.01
3804.33
4174.38
3139.86
5400.44
4505.13
3746.08
5817.62
5573.05
95
Table 4.3.3.1 Ranking of States and Divisions by Monthly Household Expenditure on Non-food
( Kyats )
S.N. Urban Rural Overall
Rank State and Value Rank State and Value Rank State and Value
Division Division Division
Shan 6362.72 Taninthayi 6191.73 Taninthayi 6195.(J>
2 2 Taninthayi 6203.31 2 Yangon 4491.88 2 Yangon 5400.44
3 3 Yangon 5716.18 3 Kachin 4230.02 3 Kachin 4519.26
4 4 Kachin 5413.99 4 Mon 4l30.7I 4 Shan 4505.I3
5 5 Mandalay 4679.61 5 Ka yin 4014.33 5 Mon 4174.38
6 6 Ka yin 4609.54 6 Shan 3968.9I 6 Ka yin 4087.06
7 7 Bago 4375.52 7 Bago 3934.79 7 Bago 4040.96
8 8 Sagaing 4339.26 8 Ayeyarwady 3699.38 8 Ayeyarwady 3746.08
9 9 Mon 4259.52 9 Sagaing 3385.69 9 Mandalay 3804.33
IO 10 Ayeyarwady 3955.62 IO Mandalay 3384.70 IO Sagaing 3549.42
11 I I Rakhine 3600.74 11 Rakhine 3035.39 I I Rakhine 3139.86
12 12 Chin 3458.04 12 Magway 2831.52 12 Chin 2939.35
I3 13 Kay ah 2976.46 13 Chin 2821.29 I3 Magway 2852.0 I
I4 I4 Magway 2942.27 14 Kay ah 2567.02 14 Kay ah 2691.70
96
Table 4:3.4.15 Percentage Distribution of Households by Combined Monthly Expenditure Class, Overall
S.N. Description ~ 6000 6001-14000 1400 l-20000 ;:::: 20001
( K vats ) ( Kyats ) ( Kyats ) ( Kyats )
Union 8.47 49.76 2 l.08 20.68
2 State and Division
Kachin State 2.50 39.5 29.07 28.93
2 Kayah State 12.76 59.28 15. l 8 12.77
3 Kayin State 4.06 44.78 30.94 20.20
4 Chin State 22.72 48.06 15.33 13.89
5 Sagaing Division 8.37 56.26 20.46 14.91
6 Tanintharyi Division 2.57 27.65 29.09 40.68
7 Bago Division 9.43 52.24 20.84 17.50
8 Magway Division 15.44 63.17 13.49 7.91
9 Mandalay Division 7.93 55.41 21.06 15.59
10 Mon State 5.86 47.84 22.97 23.34
11 Rakhine State 8.23 51.25 20.66 19.86
12 Yangon Division 5.93 42.62 23.67 27.79
13 Shan State 3.81 37.25 25.13 33.82
14 Ayeyarwady Division 9.28 42.99 20.80 26.94
3 City
I Yangon 4.37 41.95 25.37 28.31
2 Mandalay 1.08 . 44.6 30.02 24.32
97
Table 4.3.4.16 Percentage Distribution of Households by Combined Monthly Expenditure Class, Urban
S.N. Description .$ 6000 6001-14000 14001-20000 ~ 20001
( Kyats) ( Kyats ) ( Kyats ) ( Kyats)
Union 9.59 47.31 2 I. l 7 21.94
2 State and Division
Kachin State 0.97 20.27 22.20 56.54
2 Kayah State 7.26 66.72 14.64 l l.37
3 Kayin State 1.89 46.02 28.00 24.09
4 Chin State 10.27 34.86 22.74 32.13
5 Sagaing Division 10.51 48.43 20.55 20.49
6 Tanintharyi Division 2.62 24.57 26.23 46.56
7 Bago Division 9.81 52.77 21.00 16.43
8 Magway Division 21.82 58.19 12.54 7.45
9 Mandalay Division 6.94 50.39 22.16 20.52
JO Mon State 6.51 55.55 23.74 14.19
11 Rakhine State 16.07 50.05 14.99 18.87
12 Yangon Division 5.36 43.24 24.27 27.13
13 Shan State 2.96 27.65 26.57 42.83
14 Ayeyarwady Division 24.79 54.15 12.27 8.79
3 City
Yangon 4.37 41.95 25.37 28.31
2 Mandalay 1.08 44.60 30.02 24.32
98
Table 4.3;4.17 Percentage Distribution of Households by Combined Monthly Expenditure Class, Rural
S.N. Description .$ 6000 6001-14000 14001-20000 ;::: 2000!
( Kyats) ( Kyats ) ( Kyats ) ( Kyats )
Union 7.99 50.8 l 21.05 20. !5
2 State and Division
l Kachin State 2.99 45.72 31.29 20.0l
2 Kayah State 15.16 56.03 15.42 13.40
3 Kayin State 4.37 44.63 31.36 19.67
4 Chin State 25.55 51.06 13.65 9.74
5 Sagaing Division 7.93 57.89 20.44 13.74
6 Tanintharyi Division 2.55 28.88 30.23 38.34
7 Bago Division 9.31 52.09 20.80 17.84
8 Magway Division 13.99 64.31 13.71 8.01
9 Mandalay Division 8.40 57.82 20.53 13.22
10 Mon State 5.52 43.87 22.60 28.04
11 Rakhine State 6.46 51.51 21.95 20.07
12 Yangon Division 7.55 40.86 21.95 29.66
13 Shan State 4.05 40.02 24.73 31.22
14 Ayeyarwady Division 5.82 40.50 22.70 30.98
3 City
1 Yangon
2 Mandalay
99
Table 5.1 Estimates for Yangon City
Item
Average household size
Percentage of households with I or 2 persons
Percentage of households with 3 to 7 persons
Percentage of households with 8 to I 0 persons
Percentage of households with I 1 persons and above
Average monthly household income (kyats)
Percentage contribution by wages and salaries
to the average monthly household income
Percentage contribution by entrepreneurial income
to the average monthly household income
Percentage of households with monthly household
income of 2000 kyats and less
Percentage of households with monthly hausehold
income of between 2001 and 10000 kyats
Percentage of households with monthly household
income of between 10001 and 20000 kyats
Percentage of households with monthly household
income of 20001 kyats and above
Monthly household expenditure (kyats)
Monthly household expenditure on food and beverages (kyats)
Monthly household expenditure on non.:.food (kyats)
Estimate
5.16
7. 15
79.89
I (J.71
2.27
18997.36
86.03
6.02
2.34
46.40
30.19
21.07
16234.81
10417. 19
5817.62
100
Table 5.2 Estimates for Mandalay City
Item
Average household size
Percentage of households with 1 or 2 persons
Percentage of households with 3 to 7 persons
Percentage of households with 8 to 10 persons
Percentage of households with 11 persons and above
Monthly household income (k)'ats)
Percentage contribution by wages and salaries
to the average monthly household income
Percentage contribution by entrepreneurial income
to the average monthly household income
Percentage of households with monthly household
income of 2000 kyats and less
Percentage of households with monthly household
income of between 2001 and 10000 kyats
Percentage of households with monthly household
income of between 10001 and 20000 kyats
Percentage of households with monthly household
income of 20001 kyats and above
Monthly household expenditure (kyats)
Monthly household expenditure on food and beverages (kyats)
Monthly household expenditure on non-food (kyats)
Estimate
4.89
7.73
82.55
8.84
0.89
11058.03
83.20
12.51
1.66
63.70
26.51
8.05
18273.60
12700.56
5573.05
N
2
.+
~
l
7
)
()
2
~
.1
..j.
101
Table 5.3 Household Expenditure Survey (1989) and Household Income and Expen.diture Survey (1997) Results
(Value- Kval
Description Average Monthly Monthly Monthly
household household expenditure expenditure
·size expenditure on Food and on Non- food
Beverages
1989 I 1997 1989 I 1997 1989 I 1997 1989 I 1997
Union 5.27 5.25 I 795.50 13784.5 I 74.03 70.95 25.97 29.W
Kachin State 6.55 6.63 1993.57 16368.98 74.25 72.39 25.75 27.61
Kayah State 5.52 5.53 1907.82 11017.56 74.58 75.57 25.42 24.4:
Kayin State 5.68 5.36 1815.30 14944.75 72.28 72.65 27.72 27.3':
Chin State 6.15 6.53 1695.40 l 0820.20 75.59 72.83 24.41 27. l ~
Sagaing Division 5.36 5.50 1646.38 13565.15 77.74 73.83 22.26 26. I/
Tanintharyi Divisio 5.30 5.66 2001.20 19294.50 75.41 67.89 24.59 32.J I
Bago Division 5.17 4.62 I 723.47 13595.22 74.00 70.28 26.00 29.72
Magway Division 5.32 5.49 1773.37 11773.30 76.20 75.78 23.80 24.22
Mandalay Division 5.11 5.26 1824.45 13834.31 73.8 I 72.13 26. 19 27.50
Mon State 5.77 5.31 1755.46 13708.00 73.63 69.55 26.37 30.45
Rakhine State 5.89 4.97 1850.57 12033.68 75.53 73.91 24.47 26.09
Yangon Division 5.07 5.1 I 1929.35 15499.75 69.25 '63. 16 30.75 34.84
Shan State 5.15 5.83 1832.22 16649.91 73. 18 72.94 26.82 27.06
Ayeyarwady Divisio 4.97 5.31 1746.58 12267.99 74.20 69.46 25.80 30.54
102
Table 5.4 Monthly Household Expenditures, HES (1989) & HIES (1997)
( Yalue-K
S.N. Description Urban Rural Union 1997 I 1989
1989 I 1997 I 989 I 1997 1989 I 1997 Urban I Rural I U
Union 1947.75 15266.42 1743.92 13091.16 1795.50 13784.51 7.84 7.51
Kachin State 2056.06 19074.86 1956.82 15494.24 1993.57 16368.98 9.28 7.92
1 Kayah State 1909.88 12012.19 1905.97 10582.09 1907.82 11017.56 6.29 5.55
3 Kayin State 1836.75 15645.59 1814.34 14847.18 1815.30 14944.75 8.52 8.18
4 Chin State 1778.05 11802.97 1656.04 I 0596.51 1695.40 10820.20 6.64 6.40
5 Sagaing Division 1810.69 14705.36 1619.63 13328.80 1646.38 13565.15 8.12 8.23
6 Tanintharyi Division 2055.36 19929.62 1984.41 19041.34 2001.20 19294.50 9.70 9.60
7 Bago Division 1932.33 14634.79 1672.55 13265.32 1723.47 13595.22 7.57 7.93
8 Magway Division 1893.74 12221.55 1751.79 11671.52 1773.37 11773.30 6.45 6.66
9 Mandalay Division 1939.59 15851.98 1782.64 12867.01 1824.45 13834.31. 8.11 7.22
IO Mon State 1824.57 14285.68 1728.47 13411.72 1755.46 13708.00 7.83 7.76
11 Rakhine State 2031.21 12736:39 1821.01 11874.38 1850.57 12033.68 6.27 6.52
12 Yangon Division 2023.95 16053.49 1731.47 13906.29 1929.35 15499.75 7.87 8.03
13 Shan State 1996.09 19540.74 1788.35 15815.44 1832.22 16649.91 9.79 8.84
14 Ayeyarwady Division 1822._93 12641.61 1732.99 12184.72 1746.58 12267.99 6.93 7.03
Appendixes
Appendix 1 .. I Major Household Expenditure Items
S.N. Descriptions
Food And Beverages
Rice and other cereals 2 Pulses 3 Meat 4 Eggs 5 Fish and crustacea(fresh) 6 Fish and crustacea(dried) 7 Ngapi and nganpyaye 8 Vegetables
[) Fruits 10 Cooking oil and fats 11 Spices and condiments 12 Beverages 13 Sugar and other food 14 Milk and milk products 15 Other miscellaneous food 16 Food taken outside home
2 Non-Food
Tobacco 2 Fuel and light 3 Travelling expenses 4 Journey travelling expenses 5 Clothing and apparel 6 Personal use goods 7 Cleansing and toilet 8 Crockeries 9 Other household goods 10 Furniture 11 House rent and repairs 12 Stationary and school supplies 13 Education 14 Medical care 15 Recreation 16 Charity and ceremonials 17 Other expenses
S.N.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
•.
Appendix 2.1 ·
List of Townships Not Included in the Sampling Frame
State and Division
Kachin State
Kayah State
Kayin State
Chin State
Sagaing Division
Tanintharyi Division
Sago Division
Mon State
Rakhine State
Shan State
Number
14
Township ·
Waingmaw, N Jangyang, Kamaing, Tanai, Chipway,Hsawlaw, Shwegu, Monauk, Mansi, Putao, Sumprabum, Machambaw, Khawbude, Nogmun
5 Phruhso, Hsataw, Bawlake, Pasawng, Masai ,
5 Hlaingbwe, Papun, Kawkareik, Thandaung, Kya im/ Seikkyi
6 Thatlaung, Tonsang , Mindat, Matupi, Kanpetlet, Paletwa
6 Kyunhla, Khamti, Homalin, Lashe, Layhee, Nanyun
7 Launglon, Thayetchaung, Yebyu, Palaw, Tanintharyi, Kawthoung, Bokpyinn
Kyaukkyi
4 Thanbyuzayat, Mudon, Yay, Bilinn
6 Pouktaw, Myebon, Minbya, Maungdaw, Buthidaung, Rathedaung
33 Hpekon, Laikha, Namsan (South), Kunhein, Mongne, Lanhkion, Maukme, Mongpang,kyeethi, Mongkaing , Mongshu, Mongreh, Tangyan,Manpham, Pangyan, Napham, Panwaing, Mongmaw, Namsan(North)~ Mongmeik, Mabein, Manton, Kunlon, Hopang, Laukkai, Kongyann, Mongkhat, Mongyan, Monghsat, Mongping, Mongton, Monghpyak, Mongyawng
Appendix:::
Number of Townships to be Surveyed
Number of Number of Number of Number of Number
S.N. State I Division Townships Townships in the Sample Additional Townships
Sampling Frame Townships Townships Surveye
Kachin State 18 4 2
2 Kayah State 7 2 2
3 Kayin State 7 3 2
4 Chin State C) 3 2
5 Sagaing Division 38 32 2 2
6 Tanintharyi Division IO 3 2
7 Bago Division 28 27 2 2
8 Magway Division 25 25 2
9 Mandalay Division 30 30 4
JO Mon State IO 6 2
1 l Rakhine State 17 11 2
12 Yangon Division 43 43 8
13 Shan State 54 21 2
14 Ayeyarwady Division 26 26 2 2
Total 322 236 36 9 4
HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS
I
:POSSESSION Ownership
Tenure of dwelling
BUILDING S[rucrure
Type of House
Government Private Religious Other .............. .
(Specify)
Owned Rented Rent-Free Other .............. .
(Specify)
Pu cc a Semi-pucca Wooden Bamboo Other .............. .
(Specify)
Independent Appartment Other .............. .
(Specify)
1 2 3
4
9
.'.\re<1 of dwelling space (in square feet)
LIGHTING
Total area
Electricity Battery Other ............. .
(Specify)
4 SOURCE OF WATER Type of water
Piped warer Artesian Well Covered Well Uncovered Well Compound Pond/Lake Pond/Lake River/Ci·eek Orher ....... .
(Specify) Availability of water
In house In compound Carried Other ..
(Specify)
5 FUEL FOR COOKING Firewood Charcoal
6 TOILET Utility
Location
Gas Electricil\' Substitute for firewood Other .......... .
(Specify)
Private Communal Nil
In house In compound Other ....
(Specify) Type of toilet
2
3 4
5
6 7
9
2 3 4
5
Pour f1ush 1
Covered pit 2 Pit 3 Bucket 4 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
(Specify)
Does your household O'Nll the following items?
Sr. No Items Yes No
01 Television 1 2
02 Video Player 1 2
03 Cassette player/recorder 1 2
04 Radio 1 2
05 Cassette Radio 1 2
06 Electric Iron 1 2
07 Electric Fan 1 2
08 Rice Cooker 1 2
09 Hot-Plate 1 2
10 Refrigerator 1 2
11 Washing Machine 1 2
12 Air Conditioner 1 2
13 Computer 1 2
14 Emergency Lamp 1 2
15 Voltage Regulator 1 2
16 Sewing Machine 1 2
17 Bicycle 1 2
18 Motor-cycle 1 2
19 Motor Car 1 2
20 Cart 1 2
21 Boat 1 2
HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE
Did you consume the following items yesterday?
:CODE: COI\1MODTIY
CEREAL
01 Rice (Govt./Co-op.) 02 Rice 03 Kaukhnyin 04 Wheat Flour 09 Other Cereal
2 PUI.SES
01 Pegyi 02 Pegya 03 Sadawpe 04 Butter Bean 05 -Penilay (Peyaza) 06 Gram (Kalap e) 07 Boiled Garden Pea 09 Other
3 MEAT
01 Chicken 02 Duck 03 Beef 04 Pork 05 Mutton 06 Dried Meat 09 Other
4 EGGS
01 Fowl Egg 02 Duck Egg 09 Other Egg
UNIT OF MEASURE
MENT
Pyi II
II
Viss Pyi
Viss II
II
II
II
II
II
Viss II
II
II
II
II
II
No. II
II
PURCHASE QTY. :VALUE
Consumer Unit ( )
(Value -Kyat)
NON - PURCHASE QTY.: VALUE
:CODE· C0/\1MODITY UNIT OF Iv1EASURE
Iv1ENT 5 FISH AND PRAWNS (FRESH)
01 02
Ngayant Ngakhu
03 Ngagyee 04 Ngapyayma O:' Ngagyinn 06 Ngamyitchinn 07 Ngaton/Ngamyinn 08 Ngathalauk 09 Kakatit 10 11 12 13 19 20 21 29
Ngashwe Kakuyan Ngamoke Ngabokethin Other Fish (all kinds) Pazonkyawt Pazondoke Other Prawns
Viss
II
II
6 FISH AND PRAWNS (DRIED)
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 09
Sardine (All Kinds) Dried Prawns Ngayantchauk Ngagyichauk N gabo kechauk Ngakunshutchauk Nganyatchauk Other Dried Fish
7 VEGETABLES
01 02 03 04
Potatoes Gourd Brinjal Tomato
05 Cabbage 06 Beetroot/Radish 07 Water Leaf 08 Roselle Leaf 09 Cucumber 10 19
Spring Beans Other
Viss
II
Viss
Viss
Viss
PURCHASE : QTY. : VALUE
(Contd) (Value -Kyat)
: NON - PURCHASE QTY.· VALUE
:CODE: COl'VIMODITY
8 FRUITS
OJ 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 J9
Banana Coconut Papaya Mangoes Orange Apple Lime Lemon Pine Apple Other Fruits
09 OTHER MISC. FOOD
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
Bread Cake (all kinds) Biscuit (Local) Biscuit (Foreign) Vermicelli (Bean) Vermicelli (Rice) Dried Noodle (Local) Dried Noodle (Foreign) Noodle
10 Myanma Vermicelli J 9 Other
UNIT OF }vfEASURE
}vfENT
No.
Loaf
Lb.
Viss
Pkt
Viss
10 FOOD TAKEN OUTSIDE HOME
. OJ
02 03 04 05 06 09
Mohingar Coconut Noodle Salad Fried Noodle Tea/Coffee Betel Quid Other foods
No.
No.
PURCHASE QTY.: VALUE
(Contd) (Value -Kyat)
NON - PURCHASE QTY.: VALUE
(Contd) Did you consume the following items during the last 7 days?
(Value -K at) · UNIT OF
:CODE· COMMODITY tvfEASURE- PURCHASE · NON - PURCHASE tvfENT QTY: VALUE QTY VALUE
11 FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS
01 Fish Ngapi Viss 02 Hmyin Ngapi 03 Ngapikaung 04 Nganpyaye 05 Pickled Fish 06 Pickled Prawns 09 Other Products
12 OIL AND FATS
01 Groundnut Oil Viss 02 Sesamum Oil 03 Palm Oil (Govt./Co-op.) 04 Palm Oil 09 Other
(Contd.) Did you consume the following items during the last 30 days?
CODE COM:MODITY UNIT OF
l'v1EASUREl'v1ENT
13 SPICES AND CONDIMENTS
01 02 03
Chillies Onion Garlic
04 Tamarine 05 Tumeric Powder 06 Ginger 07 Pepper 08 Masalar 09 Salt 10 19
Seasoning Powder Other Spices
14 BEVERAGES
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 19
Green Tea (Local) Green Tea (Foreign) Black Tea (Local) Black Tea (Foreign) Coffee Powder (Local) Coffee Powder (Foreign) Holic/Milo/Overtine Aerated Water (Local) Aerated Water (Foreign) Coffee Mix Beer (Local) Beer (Foreign) Liquor (Local) Liquor (Foreign) Other
Viss
" .
Pk-1. Viss
Viss Lb.
"
Bot
Pk-1. Bot.
15 SUGAR AND MISCELLANEOUS
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
Sugar Palm Jaggery Cane Jaggery Jam (Local) Jam (Foreign) Betel Leaf Betel Nut Tobacco Leaf for Betel Pickled Tea
19 Other
Viss
Viss II
(Value -Kyat)
PURCHASE :NON -PURCHASE QTY. : VALUE QTY . VALUE
:CODE: COMMODTIY UNIT OF MEASURE
MENT
16 MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS
01 02 03 04 05 06 09
Condensed Mille (Local) Condensed Mille (Foreign) Milk (Fresh) Milk Powder Butter (Local) Butter (Foreign) Other
Viss Tin Viss
Lb. " "
17 TOBACCO AND TOBACCO
01 02 03 04 05 09
18
01
02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 19
PRODUCTS
Cigarette (Local) Cigarette (Foreign) Cheroot Cigar Pipe Tobacco Other Tobacco Product
FUEL AND LIGHT
Firewood Charcoal Kerosene Gas Substitude for Fire Wood Electricity Charges Candle Matches Flint Other
No. " "
Pk't.
Viss Bot. Litre
Unit
No.
19 TRAVELLING EXPENSES (Local)
01 Bus Fare 02 Railway Fare 03 Taxi Fare 04 Ferry Bus 05 Trishaw 06 Horse Cart Fare 07 Boat/Steamer 08 09
Petrol Diesel
19 Other
Gallon II
PURCHASE QTY.: VALUE
(Contd.) (Value -Kyat)
NON - PURCHASE QTY.: VALUE
Did you purchase the following items during last 12 months?
CODE: COI\1MODITY UNJT OF
.MEASURE.MENT
20 TRA YELLING EXPENSES (Journey)
01 Journey Travelling Expenses
21 CLOTHING AND OTHER APPAREL
01 Over Jacket 02 Over Jacket, Other 0., _1 Shirt 04 T-Shirt 05 Sport-Shirt 06 Vest 07 Men's Longyi 08 Trousers 09 Under Pants 10 Sweater 11 Women's Wear 12 Blouse 13 Bodice 14 Women's Longyi 15 Under Wear 16 Shawl 17 Towel 18 Bed sheet 19 Mosquito Net 20 Blanket 21 Table Cloth 22 Socks ,., "'"-' Cloth (all kinds) 24 Tailoring Charges (Men) 25 Tailoring Charges (Women) 29 Other
22 OTHER PERSONAL EFFE.CTS
01 Hat 02 Umbrella OJ Raincoat 04 Bag 05 Hand Bag 06 Purse 07 Belt
PURCHASE QTY: VALUE
(Contd) (Value -Kyat)
: NON - PURCHASE QTY: VALUE
CODE. COMMODITY
08 Slipper (Leather) 09 Slipper (Other) I 0 Shoes 11 Spectacles 12 Watch/Clock 13 Baskets
14 T arch Light 1 :' Gold/Sliver/Jewels 19 Other
UNIT OF. JvfEASURE
JvIENT
No
23 TOILET GOODS OR ARTICLES
01 02
Coconut Oil Other Hair Oil
03 Face Powder 04 Talcum Powder 05 Make-up 06 Glycerine 07 Perfume 08 Lipstick 09 Nail Polish 10 Thanakha 11 12
Tooth Paste Tooth Brush
13 Toilet Soap
14 Washing Soap
15 16 17 18 19
Washing Powder Shampoo Hair Cream Hair Dressing Charges Razor Blade
20 Indigo 29 Other
24 CROCKERIES
01 Potteries (Aluminium) 02 Potteries (Steel) 03 Plate (Porcelain) 04 Plate (Other) 05 Drinking Pot 06 Bowls 09 Other
Viss
Pkt No.
Pkt
PURCHASE QTY ·VALUE
(Contd ) (Value -Kyat)
NON - PURCHASE QTY VALUE
:CODE: CO.l'v1MODITY UNIT OF
ivIBASUREivIBNT
PURCHASE QTY.. VALUE
25 FURNITURE
01 Bed No.
02 Cupboard
03 Dressing Table
04 Kitchen Cupboard
05 Table/Chair
06 Mat
07 Carpet
08 Linloeum 09 Other
26 HOUSE RENT, REPAIR AND TAXATION
01 House Rent (Govt.) 02 House Rent (Other) 03 House Repairs 04 D hani/Thatch/Vv' acut Pyit 05 Bamboo No.
06 Zinc 07 Wood Ton 08 Cement Pkt 09 Brick No. 10 Nail 11 Other Construction Tools 12 Land Tax 13 Municipal Tax 14 Cleansing Tax 15 Water Tax 16 Water Charges 19 Other
27 EXTRA CURRICULAR READING
01 Newspaper No.
02 Books (Purchased)
03 Books (Borrowed) 09 Other
(Contd.) (Value -Kyat)
NON - PURCHASE QTY.: VALUE
CODE. COivfMODITY
2S EDUCATION
01 Text Books
02 Exercise Books 03 Writting Paper 04 Pencil
05 Ball Pen
06 Ball Pen Refill
07 Compass Box
OS Pencil Case
09 Slate
10 Slate Stick 11 Other Stationery 12 School Admission Fees 13 School Fees 14 Tution Fees/Spare Time Fees 19 Other
29 MEDICAL CARE
01 Indigenous Medicine 02 Vitamin 03 Aspirin (all kinds) 04 Antibiotic 05 Other Medicine 06 Examination/Consulting Fees 07 Laboratary Checkup OS Medical Care 09 Hospital Care 19 Other
30 RECREATION
01 Motion Picture 02 Video 03 Performance of Dance 04 Stage Show 05 Cassette Tape 06 Sport Instrument 07 Photograph 09 Other
UNIT OF :MEASURE
:MENT
No
No.
PURCHASE QTY. VALUE
(Contd.) (Value -Kyat)
NON - PURCHASE QTY VALUE
:CODE: COMMODITY UNIT OF MEASURE
MENT
31 CHARITY AND CEREMONIALS
01 Donation/Charities 02 Ceremonials and Mourning Events 03 Gifts to Relations 04 Flowers for Offering 09; Other
32 OTHER EXPENSES
01 Monthly Fees 02 Other Fees 03 Fluorescent 04 Bulb 05 Batteries 06 Telephone Charges 07 Postn'elegram Charges 08 Servant/Driver/Other Worker 09 Repair Charges 19 Other
..,.., OTHER HOUSEHOLD GOODS .).)
01 Refrigerator · 02 Television 03 Video Player 04 Cassette Player/Recorder 05 Radio 06 Cassette/Radio 07 Electric Iron 08 Electric Fan 09 Rice Cooker IO Hot-Plate 11 Washing Machine 12 Air Conditioner 13 Computer 14 Emergency Lamp 15 Sewing Machine 16 Bicyole 17 Motor-cycle 18 Motor Car 19 Other Electrical Goods
PURCHASE QTY.: VALUE
(Concld.) (Value -Kyat)
NON - PURCHASE : QTY.: VALUE :
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
To ask household head or responsible person of household Sample No.I. I I I Monthly Income (Kyats) Yearly Income (Kyats)
Sr. Name Wages/Salary Pension Total Entreprene Rent Interest Remittances Bonus In Kind Total
No. In 111 -mial and
Cash Kind Income Other
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) ( 10) (11) (12) (13)
l
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Appendix 3 .1.2
T errns and Definitions ·
Household A household is a family or a group of related or unrelated persons who share a common dwelling
unit and eat, as the saying goes, out of the same pot. A household may either be a single person household or a multi-person household.
Head of Household In general, the head of a household is the person mainly responsible for earning the livelihood for
the household. There may be cases where any other member of the household is regarded as the head of household, irrespective of responsibility for livelihood.
Relationship to Head of Household Relationship to head of household refers to the relationship of the person enumerated to the head
of the household.
Age Age is the number of years completed on the last birthday.
Marital Status Marital status is the s_tatus of the person enumerated in relation to marriage customs. Marital
status is defined under five categories.
( 1) Single (Never Married)
(2) Married
(3) Widowed
(4) Divorced and
(5) Others
Literacy
Literacy is the ability both to read and write any language with reasonable understanding.
Educational Attainment
The educational attainment of a person is the highest level of education attained or completed by the person in the system of formal, special and adult education.
Occupation
Occupation is the work done by a person as a means of livelihood to earn income either in cash or in kind. It refers only to those who were employed during the specified 7 days, including unpaid family workers. For persons with dual occupation, only the occupation in which the respondent worked most of the time was recorded.
PARTICULARS OF HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS
To ask household head or any responsible person from the household Sample No.I - J I I
Relationship to Marital Educational Status Employment Status Occupation Head of Household Sex Age Status ( Age 5 and above) (Age 5 and above) (For Employed
Persons)
Sr. Head of Household = 1 M = 1 < 1 =OD Single = 1 Illiterate =O Student = 1
No. Name Spouse =2 Married =2 Literate = 1 Employed = 2 Son/Daughter =3 F=2 >/ 99 = 99 Widovved =3 Monastic =2 Other =9
Parenl/Parent in Law = 4 Separated I = 4 Primary =3 Ott1er Relatives =5 Divorced Primary Attainment =4 Major Minor
Other =9 other =9 Middle Attainment =5 High School AUainment = 6 Graduate =7 Vocational = 8' Other =9
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 01 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9
·02 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9 03 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9 04 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 . 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9 05 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9 06 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9 07 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9 08 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9 09 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9
10 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9
11 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9
12 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9 13 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9 14 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9 15 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9
Access to Mass Media
Sr. Do you Read If Yes Do 'you Listen If Yes Do you vvatch If Yes
No. Name Newspaper? Radio Programme T.V Programme
Yes = 1 Usually = 1 Yes = 1 Usually = 1 Yes = 1 Usually =
No =2 Often =2 No =2 Often =2 No =2 Often =
( 1) (2) ( 11) (12) (13) ( 14) (15) (16)
01 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
02 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
03 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
04 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
05 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
06 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
07 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
08 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
09 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
10 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
11 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
12 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
13 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
14 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
15 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
Appendix 2.1.2
Number of Sample Urban and Rural Households by State and Division
Sample Sample Total
S.N. State I Division I Township Urban Rural Sample Households Households Households
Ka chin · I Myitkyenar * 210 420 630
2 Bhamo * 100 200 300
2 Kayah I Loikaw * 100 200 300
2 Demoso * 100 200 300
.., Kay in _)
1 Paan * 270 540 810
2 Myawaddy * 100 200 300
4 Chin
I Haka * 100 200 300
2 Tiddim * 100 200 300
5 Sagaing I Sagaing 210 420 630
2 Monwya * 300 600 900 3 Shwebo 210 420 630
4 Sanlingyi * 180 360 540
b Tanintharyi
I Dawei * 180 360 540
2 Myeik * 240 480 720
7 Ba go I Bago 210 420 630
2 Pyay * 270 540 810
3 Taungoo 210 420 630
4 Padaung * 180 360 540
8 Magway I Magway 210 420 630
2 Y enangyaung * 210 420 630
3 Taungdwingyi * 240 480 720
Appendix 2. 1.2
Number of Sample Urban and Rural Households by State and Division (Concld)
Sample Sample Total S.N. State I Division I Township Urban Rural Sample
Households Households Households
9 Mandalay Mandalay City
l Aungmyaythasan * 600 600
2 Chanmyathasi * 420 420 Mandalay
1 Meikhtilar 210 420 630
2 Myingyan * 300 600 900
3 Madaya * 210 420 630
10 Mon 1 Mawlamyaing * 300 600 900
2 Chaungsone * 210 420 630
l l Rakhine Sittwe * 240 480 720
2 Gwa * 100 200 300
12 Yangon Yangon City
1 Lanmadaw * 240 240
2 K yeemyindaing * 240 240 -
3 Yankin * 300 300
4 lnsein * 600 600
5 Dagon Myothit ( South ) * 540 540
6 Dawpone * 240 240
Yangon 1 Thanlyin * 180 360 540
2 Taikkyi * 240 480 720
13 Shan 1 Taunggyi 210 420 630
2 Lashio * 240 480 720
3 Pindaya * 100 200 300
14 Ayeyarwady 1 Pathein 210 420 630
2 Hinthada 210 420 630
3 Myaungmya * 300 600 900
4 Dedaye * 240 480 720
Total 10610 14860 25470
* Sample township
Appendix 2.1.3
Number of Sample Wards and Village Tracts
Urban Rural .' State/Division!Township Number Number of Number of Number of Number of Number of Total '·
of Sample Sample Village Sample Sample Sample
Wards Wards Households Tracts Village Households Households
Tracts
Kach in
Mvitkvenar 17 4 210 39 4 420 630
2 Bhamo 10 ..,
100 48 5 200 300 .)
Kay ah
I Loikaw 13 3 100 13 2 200 300
2 Demoso 100 26 3 200 300
Ka yin
Paan 6 2 270 91 6 540 8 1 O
2 Myawaddy 5 2 100 15 2 200 300
Chin
I Haka 6 2 100 30 3 200 300
2 Tiddim 4 2 100 55 6 200 3 00
Sagaing
l Sagaing 14 4 210 81 6 420 630
2 Monwva 19 5 300 61 6 600 900
3 Shwebo 10 3 210 72 6 420 630
4 Sanlingyi 3 2 180 39 4 360 540
Tanintharyi
I Dawei 15 4 180 23 2 360 540
2 Myeik 12 ..,
240 22 2 480 720 .)
Bago
I. Bago 31 6 210 66 6 420 630
2 2. Pyay 7 2 270 40 4 540 810
3 3. Taungoo 22 5 210 38 4 420 630
4 4. Padaung 5 2 180 38 4 360 540
Magway
I 1. Magway 14 4 210 61 6 420 630
2 2. Y enangyaung 14 3 210 29 3 420 630
3 3. Taungdwingyi 10 3 240 72 6 480 720
Number of Sample Wards and Village Tracts ( Concld. )
Urban Rural S.N. State/Division!fownship Number Number of Number of Number of Number of Number of Total
of Sample Sample Village San1ple Sample Sam pit Wards Wards Households Tracts Village Households Househol
Tracts
9 Mandalay
Mandalay City
I Aungmyaythasan 19 4 600 6(
2 Chanmyathasi 13 3 420 4~
Mandalay
I Meikhtilar 12 3 210 58 5 420 6::
2 Myingyan 19 5 300 66 6 600 9( 3 Madaya 5 2 210 83 6 420 6~
10 Mon
I Mawlamyaing 17 4 300 13 2 600 90 2 Chaungsone 3 2 210 42 4 420 63
I 1 Rakhine
I Sittwe 32 6 240 27 3 480 72 2 Gwa 3 2 100 34 3 200 30
12 Yangon
Yangon City
1 Lanmadaw 12 3 240 24 2 Kyeemyindaing 21 5 240 24 3 Yankin 15 4 300 30 4 lnsein 21 5 600 60 5 Dagon Myothit ( South ) 26 7 540 54 6 Dawpone 14 4 240 24,
Yangon
l Thanlyin 17 4 180 28 3 360 541 2 Taikkyi 8 2 240 68 6 480 721
13 Shan
I Taunggyi 20 5 210 28 ., 420 631 .)
2 Lashio 12 3 240 77 6 480 721 3 Pindaya 12 3 100 27 3 200 301
14 Ayeyarwady
I Pathein 14 3 210 52 5 420 631 2 Hinthada 21 5 210 103 6 420 63(
3 Myaungmya IO 3 300 115 6 600 90( 4 Dedaye 3 2 240 90 6 480 72(
Appendix 2.4
Sampling Weights for Urban and Rural at Township Level
S.N. State I Division I Township Urban Rural
Kachin
Myitkyenar 37.22 44.29
· 2 Bhamo 43.77 54.96
2 Kayah
Loikaw 60.19 44.53
2 Demoso 5.86 45.07
.3 Ka yin
Paan 25.56 120.94
2 Myawaddy 21.50 .30.94
4 Chin
Haka 23.85 40.95
2 Tiddim 15.96 64.26
5 Sagaing
Sagaing 49.30 114.33
2 Monwya 82.68 55.63
.3 Shwebo 44.67 83.23
4 Sanlingyi 53.72 54.38
6 Tanintharyi
Dawei 74.15 27.98
2 Myeik 69.67 37.51
7 Ba go
Ba go 208.09 79.54
2 Pyay 80.68 39.30
3 Taungoo 54.31 55.35
4 Padaung 9.65 61.25
8 Magway
Magway 54.50 92.08
2 Yenangyaung 59.91 47.60
3 Taungdwingyi 32.64 93.23
Sampling Weights for Urban and Rural at Township Level (Concld..I
S.N. State I Division I Township Urban Rural
9 Mandalay
Aungmyaythasan 68.54
2 Chanmyathasi 83.22
3 Meikhtilar 73.71 77.80
4 Myingyan 53.35 79.66
5 Madaya 14.40 74.87
10 Mon
Mawlamyaing 168.23 14.35
2 Chaungsone 8.64 55.77
11 Rakhine
Sinwe 73.88 30.09
2 Gwa 13.13 59.44
12 Yangon
Lanmadaw 21.55
2 Kyeemyindaing 54.69
3 Yankin 39.68
4 lnsein 76.56
5 Dagon Myothit ( South ) 54.66
6 Dawpone 44.14
7 Thanlyin 54.57 63.91
8 Taikkyi 31.88 69.27
13 Shan
Taunggyi 118.10 68.67
2 Lashio 80.98 39.54
3 Pindaya 16.04 53.33
14 Ayeyarwady
Pa the in 123.78 64.90
2 Hinthada 76.56 136.76
3 Myaungmya 20.97 98.04
4 Dedaye 14.05 71.19
App'end1:
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR
1VIINISTRY OF NATIONAL PLANNING AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMEN'
CENTRAL STATISTICAL ORGANIZATION
~
HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND EXPENDITURE SURVE'.-'
(NOVEMBER 1997)
1
This survey 1s conducted under the Central Stat1st1caI A.uthonty .Act 34.1952 ll1e 1nfon11at1on
j_
State/01v1s1on
2 D1srnct
J Township
.:! Grban/Rural
5 Name of Household Head
6 Address
7 Sample Sena! Number
obtained from the survey will be used only for statisllcal purpose
Urban Rural 2
I I D
8 Total Household Member Male Fem al el .... _...____. Total I I q Status of Enumeration First Visit Second Visit 2 Third Visit 3 D
E11u111cr<itor's Signature Supervisor's S1gn<iture Inspector's Signature
Name Name Name
Date Date. Date
Remark Remark Remark
Appendix 3.
Members of HIES Steering Committee and Working Committee
1. Steering Committee
I. Dr. Sein Tin
2. U Aung Myint Thein
3. U Soung Tin
4. U Myint Thein
5 U Thein Tun
6 U Kyi Aye
7 U Mya Aung
8. U Khin Maung Myint
9. Daw Khin Khin Nyunt
10. U Ngwe Thein
7 Working Committee
I. Daw Khin Khin Nyunt
2. U Thein Tun
3 U Kyi Aye
4. Daw Malar Tin
5. Daw Khin Thant Zin
6. Daw Yi Yi Swe
7. U Mya Thwin
8. U Nyunt Shein
9. U Aung Myint Than
10. U Oo Tun Hlaing
11. Daw Cho Cho Myint
12. U Than Tun
13. U Ngwe Thein
14. U San Myint
Director General
Deputy Director General
Director
Deputy Director
Deputy Director
Deputy Director
Deputy Director
Assistant Director
Director
Assistant Director
Director
Deputy Director
Deputy Director
Deputy Director
Deputy Director
Staff Officer( Stat.)
Staff Officer(Admin)
Staff Officer(Stat.)
Staff Officer(Stat.)
Staff Officer(Stat.)
Staff Officer(Stat.)
Staff Officer(Stat.)
Assistant Director
Staff Officer(Stat.)
Chairman
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Secretary
Joint Secretary
Chairman
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Secretary
Joint Secretary
Employed Persons
Employed persons include all those aged 15 and over who are working during the specified 7 days. Persons on leave are defined as employed.
Income by source
Main sources are employment income, entrepreneurial income. rental mcome. investment i·ncome, and transfer income.