University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong esis Collection University of Wollongong esis Collections 1990 e application of granulation to fine coal preparation Komaruddin Atangsaputra University of Wollongong Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact Manager Repository Services: [email protected]. Recommended Citation Atangsaputra, Komaruddin, e application of granulation to fine coal preparation, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wollongong, 1990. hp://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/1597
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University of WollongongResearch Online
University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Thesis Collections
1990
The application of granulation to fine coalpreparationKomaruddin AtangsaputraUniversity of Wollongong
Research Online is the open access institutional repository for theUniversity of Wollongong. For further information contact ManagerRepository Services: [email protected].
Recommended CitationAtangsaputra, Komaruddin, The application of granulation to fine coal preparation, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, Department ofMechanical Engineering, University of Wollongong, 1990. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/1597
D-4. General arrangement and design details of the drum granulator .... 306
Appendix F
F-1. Effect of molasses addition and the granulator type on granule compressive and impact strength 316
F-2. Effect of molasses+0.5% lime and the granulator type on granule compressive and impact strength 317
F-3. Effect of molasses+1% lime and the granulator type on granule compressive and impact strength 318
F-4. Effect of molasses+0.5% bentonite and molasses+0.5% kaolin on granule compressive and impact strength 319
F- 5. Effect of auby gel and guar gum on granule compressive and impact impact strength 320
F-6. Effect of auby gel+0.5% lime and guar gum+0.5% lime on granule compressive and impact strength 321
XV
F-7. Effect of auby gel+0.5% kaolin and guar gum+0.5% kaolin on granule compressive and impact strength 322
F- 8. Effect of auby gel+0.5% bentonite and guar gum+0.5% bentonite on granule compressive and impact strength 323
F-9. Effect of molasses and lime on granule compressive strength 324
F-10. Effect of molasses and lime addition on granule impact strength ... 324
F-11. Effect of auby gel, kaolin and bentonite on granule compressive strength 325
F-12. Effect of auby gel, kaolin and bentonite on granule impact strength 326
F-13. Effect of guar gum, kaolin and bentonite on granule compressive strength 326
F-14. Effect of guar gum, kaolin and bentonite on granule impact strength 327
F-15. Effect of moisture in granulation feed on granule size distribution made with 7.5% molasses 328
F-16. The effect of feed moisture content on granule size distribution made with 3.75% molasses+0.5% lime 329
F-17. The effect of feed moisture content on granule size distribution made with 0.5 % guar gum 330
F-18. The effect of feed moisture content on granule size distribution made with 0.5 % + 0.5 % bentonite 331
F-19. The influence of feed moisture content on the granule size distribution made with 1.5 % guar gum 332
F-20. The effect of feed moisture content on frequency size distribution with binder 7.5 % molasses 333
F-21. The effect of feed moisture content on frequency size distribution with binder 0.5 % guar gum 333
F-22. The effect of feed moisture content on frequency size distribution with binder 3.75 % molasses+0.5 % lime 333
F-23. The effect of feed moisture content on frequency size distribution with binder 0.5 % guar gum+0.5 % bentonite 334
F-24. The effect of feed moisture content on frequency size distribution with binder 1.5 % guar gum 334
F-25. Effect of granule moisture content on granule compressive strength 336
F-26. Effect of lime, bentonite and kaolin on residual moisture and granule compressive strength 337
F-27. Relationship between curing time and granule moisture content with binder molasses, auby gel and guar gum 337
F-28. Relationship between curing time and granule moisture content with binder molasses and additives 338
F-29. Crushed coal and filter cake size distribution 340
xvii
THE LIST OF TABLES
No. Table Page
Chapter H
n-1. Properties of devolatilized coke pellets 12
Chapter IH
ni-1. Mass fractions of particles forming optimally packed granules 41
III-2. Mass distribution and frequency 43
III-3. Particle size vs the modulus dispersion and modulus size 45
III-4. Particle size and size distribution with n =0.6235 for the size moduli 10,100, and 1000 Lim 46
Chapter VII
VTI-1. High shear mixer configurations 154
VTI-2. Sieve and ash analysis of the feed samples using the wet method.. 162
VTI-3. Sieve analysis of the feed samples using Laser Particle Size Analyzer 162
VH-4. Filter cake size and ash distribution of flotation concentrates 164
VII-5. The composition of the domestic waste in Victoria and Australia .. 168
VII-6. Tentative granule characteristics 170
VII-7. Effect of hydrocyclone variables on the cut size 175
VH-8. Beneficiation process optimization 175
VII-9. Material balance and product quality in clean coal production 177
VII-10. Standard errors in the compressive strength measurement 181
VH-11. Optimum compressive strength of granules made in the mixer and drum granulator 184
VII-12. The effect of moisture content on granule size distribution 186
Chapter Vffl
VIII-1. Recommended operating conditions for froth flotation and oil agglomeration 196
Vni-2. Summary of Table VII-9 200
xviii
VDI-3. Yield of the optimum size granules made using different binders.. 219
VHI-4. Size distribution, bulk density and flowability of ground coal, filter cakes and centrifuge cakes produced from waste slurry rebeneficiation 232
Chapter IX
LX-1. Major equipment cost 243
LX-2. Fixed capital costs for five production rates 245
IX-3. Fixed and working capital and capital investment 245
IX-4. Power requirements 247
Appendix A
A-1. Hydrocyclone performance at operating condition of 15 % feed solid, 100 % feed valve opening and 40 % apex aperture (Exp. BR-I/2) 286
Appendix E
E-l. Product sieve analysis 311
Appendix F
F-l. Granule diameter vs compressive strength 312
F-2. The compressive strength of granules made in the concrete mixer (n=number of granules) 312
F-3. Effect of molasses addition on granule compressive and impact strength 316
F-4. Effect of molasses+0.5 % lime addition on granule compressive and impact strength 317
F-5. Effect of molasses+1 % lime addition on granule compressive and impact strength 318
F-6. Effect of molasses+0.5 % bentonite and molasses+0.5 % kaolin addition on granule compressive and impact strength in the drum granulator 319
F-7. Effect of auby gel and guar gum addition on granule compressive and impact strength 320
F-8. Effect of auby gel+0.5 % lime and guar gum+0.5 % lime addition on granule compressive and impact strength 321
F-9. Effect of auby gel+0.5 % kaolin and guar gum+0.5 % kaolin addition on granule compressive and impact strength 322
F-10. Effect of auby gel+0.5 % bentonite and guar gum+0.5 % bentonite
addition on granule compressive and impact strength 323
F-11. Size distribution of granule made using variable granulator feed moisture content with binder 7.5 % molasses 328
F-12. Size distribution of granule made using variable granulator feed moisture content with binder 3.75 % molasses+0.5 % lime 329
F-13. Size distribution of granule made using variable granulator feed moisture content with binder 0.5 % guar gum 330
F-14 Size distribution of granule made using variable granulator feed moisture content with binder 0.5 % guar gum+0.5% bentonite 331
F-15. Size distribution of granule made using variable granulator feed moisture content with binder 1.5 % guar g u m 332
F-16 Effect of the granulator operating variables on granule compressive and impact strength 335
F-17. Effect of granule curing on compressive strength and residual moisture content in granules made with molasses, auby gel and guar g u m 335
F-18. Effect of granule curing on compressive strength and residual moisture content in granules made with molasses+lime, bentonite and kaolin 336
F-19. The effect of water soaking on granule compressive strength 338
F-20. Size distribution of ground coals 339
F-21. Size distribution of ground coals and cakes 339
F-22. Effect of coal particle size on flowability (using Durham Cone, volume = 12.314 ltrs.) 340
F-23. The effect of granule size on flowability (using Durham Cone) .... 341
F-24. Effect of additive addition on granule ash content 341
F-25. Impact strength, abrasion and water resistance of granules made with 1.5 % guar g u m 342
F-26. Impact strength, abrasion and water resistance of granules made with 1 % guar gum+0.5 % bentonite 342
F-27. Impact strength, abrasion and water resistance of granules made with 7.5 % molasses 343
F-28. Impact strength, abrasion and water resistance of granules made with 7.5 % molasses+0.5 % lime 343
Appendix H
H-1. Major equipment list and costs (cost basis index 1970) for 500 tpd production 347
XX
H-2. Plant component coasts for 500 tpd production 349
H-3. Production cost estimate for the 500 tpd production plant 350
H-4. Effeet of production rate on production cost/tonne product 351
H-5. Effect of coal feedstock price on production costs 352
H-6. Effect of oil price on production costs 352
H-7. Effect of guar gum price on production costs 352
H-8. Effect of oil consumption on production costs 353
H-9. Effect of organic recovery on production costs 353
H-10. Effect of feedstock and binder/oil prices on production costs at 1,500 tpd production 353
H-ll. Profitability at various production rates 354
H-12. Effect of feedstock and oil prices on the pay out time for a 1,500 tpd production plant 355
H-13. Effect of feedstock and oil prices on D C F R for a 1,500 tpd production plant 356
H-14. Effect of plant economic variables on pay out time 356
H-15. Effect of plant economic variables on D C F R 357
H-16. Effect of oil price and consumption on production cost 357
H-17. Effect of oil price and consumption on pay out time 358
H-18. Effect of oil price and consumption on D C F R 358