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1990 LandCover Data Land cover use to determine
GHG emissions
Integrated Environmental Management / Environmental Advisory Services
Presented by: Marlanie Moodley on behalf of Mr Jhongikhaya Witi
Jwiki or [email protected]
DEA – Climate change - GHG/ EGIM sections
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Official Launch1990 Landover dataset.
How did DEA apply this dataset to talk to:-
Sources/sinks of GHGs in agriculture and land
use.
Applying International Guidelines on
emissions/removals from agriculture and land use.
Practical exercise/examples.
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• The current Land cover initiative consists of two initiatives and three data products.
• One of the initiatives is a 2013 and 1990 land cover data product funded by international funding agency DFID.
• This 35 x class DEA (DFID/CARDNO) dataset is a simplified version of the 72 x class DEA (Open) dataset with additional land use classes.
• The 2013 was available since early this year and we are please to announce that the 1990 Retro Data is available, has been available since September this year, already given out and available on our Site for download.
• Used images from 1989 till 1993(cloud cover/actual satellite cover)
Land Cover Initiative
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• Initiative 1:This 35 x class DEA (DFID/CARDNO) dataset is a simplified version of some of the 72 x class DEA (Open) dataset
• Url link o data:http://egis.environment.gov.za
Land Cover Initiative
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Use of the data to inform better Decision.
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So what are these sources/sinks?• Emissions/removals from changes in C
stored in biomass, Dead Organic Matter
and soil in different land uses such as
forestland, cropland etc.
• CO2 emissions from liming and urea
application
• Non-CO2 emissions from biomass
burning in different land uses
• N2O emissions from soils(fertilization
etc.)
• CH4 & N2O emissions from livestock
CO2 emissions
Non-CO2
emissions
Use of the data to inform better Decision.
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Two broad types of sources/sinks in Agriculture & Land Use
• Land based emissions/removals i.e.
emissions/removals from land use and
land use change
• Emissions from livestock
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How do we estimate these emissions/removals?
• By using Emission Factors(EF) i.e. the
emissions per unit or human activity
• By estimating the change in C stocks at two
points of time
Estimating Carbon Stock Changes
Carbon
Stock in
year 1
Carbon
Stock in
Year 2
Difference between carbon stocks
gives emission/removal
Land Use
type
Emission/removal from sum
losses and gains
C u
pta
ke
thro
ug
h G
row
th
Disturbances
1 2
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Emission Factor approach
Emissions/removals = AD X EFExtent of human
Emission or
removals per
unit activity
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C Stock Change approach
C Stock(1)
C Stock(2)
Emissions/removals = Change in C stocks
Simplifying first order
assumption
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Land-Based Sources/Sinks of GHGs
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But what does it really mean?Land-Based Sources/Sinks of GHGs• Approach1: Only total areas of each land use
category(e.g. Forestland) at two points in time
• Approach 2: How much area has changed from
one land use category to another(e.g. FL to
GL)?
• Approach3: You know what land use a certain
part on a map has changed from and to. [means
supplement Approach 2 with land-based
measurements and groundtruthing)
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Approach 1: Total Land Area
TABLE 3.2
EXAMPLE OF APPROACH 1: AVAILABLE LAND USE DATA WITH COMPLETE NATIONAL COVERAGE
Time 1 (e.g.1990) Time 2 (e.g. 2014)Net land-use conversion between Time 1 and Time 2
F = 18 F = 19 Forest Land = +1
G = 84 G = 82 Grassland = -2
C = 31 C = 29 Cropland = -2
W = 0 W = 0 Wetlands = 0
S = 5 S = 8 Settlements = +3
O = 2 O = 2 Other Land = 0
Sum = 140 Sum = 140 Sum = 0
Note: F = Forest Land, G = Grassland, C = Cropland, W = Wetlands, S = Settlements, O = Other Land. Numbers represent area units (Mha in this example).
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E.Cape Province change based on the 30m pixels (change based on standardised areas)
1990 Land Cover 2014 Land Cover Change from 1990 to 2014 Class mapping
Pixels Hectares Pixels Hectares Pixels Hectares % accuracy (2013)
Indigenous Forest 1228483 110563.47 1447897 130310.73 219414 19747.26 17.86 72.6 / 94.64
Thicket /Dense bush 13359572 1202361.48 23983177 2158485.93 10623605 956124.45 79.52 53.74 / 83.64
Woodland/Open bush 2899673 260970.57 6257286 563155.74 3357613 302185.17 115.79 60.84 / 54.13
Low shrubland 49812767 4483149.03 45612154 4105093.86 -4200613 -378055.17 -8.43 70.59 / 61.82
Plantations / Woodlots 1700089 153008.01 1717407 154566.63 17318 1558.62 1.02 89.3 / 94.35
Cultivated commercial annual crops non-pivot 6036456 543281.04 5414653 487318.77 -621803 -55962.27 -10.30 91.91 / 99.54
Cultivated commercial annual crops pivot 112612 10135.08 578446 52060.14 465834 41925.06 413.66 95.38 / 92.42
Cultivated commercial permanent orchards 646710 58203.90 529148 47623.32 -117562 -10580.58 -18.18 92.18 / 95.29
Cultivated commercial permanent vines 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 91.61 / 97.26
Cultivated subsistence crops 8014517 721306.53 8524339 767190.51 509822 45883.98 6.36 89.00 / 94.00
Settlements (incl smallholdings) 7024149 632173.41 6818491 613664.19 -205658 -18509.22 -2.93 93.90 / 98.68
Wetlands 2429514 218656.26 1696628 152696.52 -732886 -65959.74 -30.17 88.07 / 91.18
Grasslands 71195882 6407629.38 77548852 6979396.68 6352970 571767.30 8.92 84.56 / 69.82
Mines 83262 7493.58 44781 4030.29 -38481 -3463.29 -46.22 92.82 / 98.10
Waterbodies 710949 63985.41 689420 62047.80 -21529 -1937.61 -3.03 79.64 / 93.31
Bare Ground 17044376 1533993.84 6305249 567472.41 -10739127 -966521.43 -63.01 98.77 / 97.58
Degraded 5466225 491960.25 597308 53757.72 -4868917 -438202.53 -89.07 78.69 / 85.95
totals 187765236 16898871 187765236 16898871 User / Producer
class accuracies
Real Land Cover Change Data:
Eastern Cape
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Soil Categories Data: Eastern Cape
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Climate Type Data: Eastern Cape
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Selection of Parameters based on
Climate
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Estimating Carbon Stock
Changes
Land Use
type
Emission/removal from sum
losses and gainsC
up
tak
e
thro
ug
h G
row
th
Disturbances
2
Gain-Loss method
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Gains: Annual increase in Carbon
Stock (1 of 4)Sector Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use
Category Forest Land Remaining Forest Land: Annual increase in carbon stocks in biomass (includes above-ground and below-ground biomass)
Category code 3B1a
Sheet 1 of 4
Equation Equation 2.2 Equation 2.9 Equation 2.10 Equation 2.9
Land-use category
Subcategories for
reporting year
Area of Forest Land
Remaining Forest
Land
Average annual
above-ground
biomass growth
Ratio of below-ground
biomass to above-
ground biomass
Average annual
biomass growth
above- and below-
ground
Carbon fraction of dry
matter
Annual increase in
biomass carbon
stocks due to biomass
growth
Initial land useLand use during
reporting year
(ha)(tonnes dm [tonnes bg dm (tonne
ag dm)-1]
(tonnes dm [tonnes C(tonnes C yr-1)
ha-1 yr-1) ha-1 yr-1) (tonne dm)-1]
National statistics or
international data
sources
Tables zero (0) orGTOTAL = GW * (1+R)
0.5 orΔCG = A * GTOTAL * CF
4.9, 4.10 and 4.12 Table 4.4 Table 4.3
A GW R GTOTAL CF DCG
FL FL
(a) 130310.73 1.2 0.44 1.728 0.5 112588.4707
(b)
(c)
Total
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Losses: Annual loss in Carbon Stock due
to Wood-removals (2 of 4)
Sector Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use
Category Forest Land Remaining Forest Land: Loss of carbon from wood removals
Category code 3B1a
Sheet 2 of 4
Equation Equation 2.2 Equation 2.12
Land-use category
Subcategories for
reporting year
Annual wood removal Biomass conversion
and expansion factor
for conversion of
removals in
merchantable volume
to total biomass
removals (including
bark)
Ratio of below-
ground biomass to
above-ground
biomass
Carbon fraction of dry
matter
Annual carbon loss
due to biomass
removals
Initial land useLand use during
reporting year
(m3 yr-1)
[tonnes of biomass
removals[tonnes bg dm [tonnes C
(tonnes C yr-1)
(m3 of removals) –1] (tonne ag dm)-1] (tonne dm)-1]
National statistics or
international data
sources
Table 4.5zero (0) or 0.5 or Lwood-removals = H *
BCEFR * (1+R) * CF
Table 4.4 Table 4.3
H BCEFR R CF Lwood-removals
FL FL
(a) 1000 3.33 0.44 0.47 2253.744
(b)
(c)
Total
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Losses: Annual loss in Carbon Stock due
to Disturbance (4 of 4)
Sector Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use
Category Forest Land Remaining Forest Land: Loss of carbon from fuelwood removals
Category code 3B1a
Sheet 3 of 4
Equation Equation 2.2 Equation 2.13
Land-use category
Subcategories for
reporting year
Annual volume of
fuelwood removal of
whole trees
Biomass conversion
and expansion factor for
conversion of removals
in merchantable volume
to biomass removals
(including bark)
Ratio of below-ground
biomass to above-
ground biomass
Annual volume of
fuelwood removal as
tree parts
Basic wood density Carbon fraction of dry
matter
Annual carbon loss due
to fuelwood removal
Initial land useLand use during
reporting year
(m3 yr-1)
[tonnes of biomass
removals[tonnes bg dm
(m3 yr-1) tonnes m-3[tonnes C
(tonnes C yr-1)
(m3 of removals) –1] (tonne ag dm)-1] (tonne dm)-1]
FAO statistics Table 4.5
zero (0) or
FAO statistics Tables 4.13 and 4.14
0.5 orLfuelwood = [FGtrees *
Table 4.4
Table 4.3
BCEFR * (1+R) + FGpart * D] *
CF
FGtrees BCEFR R FGpart D CF Lfuelwood
FL FL
(a) 30000 3.33 0.44 15000 0.440.47
70714.32
(b)
(c)
Total
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Approach 2: Land Use Change Matrix
Initial Area
8 1 10
17 17
8 8
12 22 8 78
-2 -5 0 0
15
13
15
1
14
Net Change 1
10 12
Otherland
Init
ial
Are
a
Final Area
3
5
14
1
3
1
Oth
erland
Forest Land
Grassland
Cropland
Wetland
1
10
Fore
st
Land
Settlement
2
Sett
lem
ent
Gra
ssla
nd
Cro
pla
nd
Wetland
9
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A look at the sector tree for LUCF(only some
categories)…
LUCF
FL
FL=>FL
Biomass
Soils
Non-CO2 from fire
L=>FL
CL
CL=>CL Biomass
L=>CL
Biomass
Soil
GL
GL=>GL Soil
L=>GL Biomass
WL
WL=>WL Soil
L=>WL
SL
OL
We have chosen to consider only some source/sink categories for demonstration
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Conclusions
• Emissions/removals from agriculture and
land use can be from land or livestock
based sources
• IPCC Guidelines contain detailed
methods for estimation of emissions and
removals from these sources
• The IPCC Guidelines has progressively
included more refined methods and
parameter values