1970s-2000s

1965-1970

• https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=the+century+america%27s+time&nohtml5=False

• America Unpinned

1970s-2000sEvents with Nixon, Ford, Carter,

Reagan, Bush, Clinton, Bush, and Obama

1970-1975

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4cLvv5FH0FA&nohtml5=False

• Approaching Apocalypse

• Watergate segment (35:00-40:00)

Election of 1972: Nixon and McGovern

1970s

• The Watergate Scandal led to the resignation of President Nixon in 1974.

• Nixon’s vice-president, Spiro Agnew, had resigned and under the 25th amendment, Gerald Ford was named as the vice-president.

• Ford was the only president to achieve office by appointment instead of election.

A Constitutional Crisis Averted?

• Ford pardoned Nixon

• OPEC was an Arab oil cartel which boycotted their sale of oil to the U.S. as a sign of disapproval of our support of Israel. This caused an energy crisis and gas lines.

• A Civil Rights issue in the cities was busing which involved moving children to schools for integration purposes.

• America celebrated The Bicentennial in 1976.

• Jimmy Carter was a peanut farmer and Democratic Governor of Georgia when he defeated Ford in the Presidential Election of 1976. He said, ‘‘I will never lie to you.’’

Amnesty for the Draft Dodgers--1977

Camp David Accords

• Peace treaty between Israel and Egypt • Carter won the Nobel Peace Prize

Recession and Gas Shortages

Stagflation• Describes the

recession of the late 1970s when stagnation (high unemployment and low economic growth) and inflation (rising prices) converge, making economic policy difficult to combat the two problems at once

Carter’s Policies• Community Reinvestment Act

of 1977 (required banks to make loans and credit available to low-income people)

• Department of Energy

• Department of Education

• Panama Canal Treaty

• Nuclear Regulatory Commission

1980• The U.S. boycotted the Summer Olympics in

Moscow because of their invasion of Afghanistan.

• 1979, the Shah of Iran was overthrown by followers of the Ayottollah Khomeini. The U.S. Embassy was stormed and many hostages were taken. This was the Iran Hostage Crisis which lasted 444 days.

• Failed rescue attempt in 1980 added to

frustrations of Americans

The Environment

• Clean Air Act• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)• Earth Day

ERA

• The Women’s Rights Movement worked for the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment between 1972 and 1982

Who stopped ERA?

• Phyllis Schlafly

• Neo-Conservatives

Internal Migration—see p. 116 U.S. History atlas

• Postwar boom in California

• Financial and defense industry growth

• Recessions cause people to leave the industrial “frostbelt” for jobs in the “sunbelt”

• Population shifts led to political shifts of red and blue states and representational changes in Congress

Demographic Changes

1976 Election 1980 Election

Immigration

Election of 1980—Carter vs. Reagan

“Recession is when your neighbor loses his job. Depression is when you lose your job. Recovery is when Jimmy Carter loses his job.”

(Governor Ronald Reagan at the Presidential Debate)

• Ronald Reagan defeated Jimmy Carter in the Presidential Election of 1980.

• The Iran hostages were released on Inauguration Day.

• Reagan began a movement called the New Conservatism.

• He increased spending and respect for the military.

• He also got funding for the building of the Strategic Defense Initiative, also called ‘‘ Star Wars ’’

• Assassination attempt by John Hinckley—James Brady was seriously wounded—The Brady Bill was proposed and later passed by Clinton. Hinckley remains hospitalized.

• The N.R.A. (strong lobby) supported Reagan

• Invasion of Grenada in the Caribbean to maintain democratic leadership there

• Reagan was called The Great Communicator.

• His ‘‘ trickle down theory’’ of economics • was called ‘‘Reaganomics’’ (also called

supply side economics)

• Reagan’s themes for the U.S. included:‘‘The Shining City on the Hill’’ and

‘‘Morning in America’’.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EU-IBF8nwSY• Religious conservatives called themselves The Moral Majority.

• The Heritage Foundation supported Reagan and Conservative Ideals

The 80s• De-regulation of industry

• Tax cuts

• Reduced funding of social programs

• Investment in military

• Family values

• Yuppies vs. Homeless

Reverend Billy Graham religious advisor

AIDS

America contributes most to cure of AIDS

• http://time.com/3596985/americas-aids-miracle/#3596985/americas-aids-miracle/

Reagan appointed the first woman to the Supreme Court

• Sandra Day O’Connor of Arizona

• Later, Clinton appointed Ruth Bader Ginsberg

• Obama appointed Elena Kagan and Sonya Sotomayor

Election of 1984

• Democrat, VP Walter Mondale chose Geraldine Ferraro as his running mate in the challenge for the Presidency

Mondale stated…

“Let’s tell the truth. It must be done... Mr. Reagan will raise taxes, and so will I. He won’t tell you. I just did.”

(Mondale’s acceptance speech at the Democratic Convention of 1984—he lost the election in a landslide)

1984 Election: A Reagan Mandate

Space Shuttle Program, 1981-2011

• Columbia• Challenger• Discovery• Atlantis• Endeavor• The International Space Station

• What’s next?

The Space Shuttle Challenger Christa McAuliffe, the first teacher in space

“The crew of the space shuttle Challenger honored us by the manner in which they lived their lives. We will never forget them, nor the last time we saw them, this morning , as they prepared for their journey and waved good-bye and ‘slipped the surly bonds of earth to touch the face of God.’” President Reagan

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qoQlkFryriQ

Reagan Believed in Peace Through Strength

Reagan called the USSR the “Evil Empire”

• Reagan called The USSR the “Evil Empire”

• He built up arms and started SDI

• The USSR had a weakening economy and restructuring under Gorbachev

• Reagan visited Moscow in 1988

USSR

• The USSR was reforming under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev.

(perestroika and glasnost)

Iran-Contra Scandal

• Lt. Colonel Oliver North exposed secret weapons sales between the U.S., Iran, and Nicaraguan rebels.

Home Computers

Election of 1988

• Republican Vice-President George H.W. Bush vs. Democratic Governor Michael Dukakis

The Bush Resume• Son of a U.S. Senator• Youngest pilot shot down over the

Pacific in WWII• Yale• Oil Business (millionaire by age 40)• U.S. Congressman from Texas• Director of CIA• U.S. Ambassador to UN• Ambassador to China• Chairman of Republican Party• Vice-President of the U.S. (eight

years)• President, 1989-1993

Cold War Ends

• George Bush was President during the fall of the Berlin Wall and the reunification of Germany--1989

• Ultimately, the Cold War ended in 1991 with the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

• Bush sent troops to Panama to secure the zone after an attempt by Noriega to control the Panama Canal.

• Noriega was captured, triedand imprisoned in the U.S.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jR-A4QFHZBA

Persian Gulf War• Iraq’s Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait in 1990.

• Bush organized a massive response by the United Nations.

• Bush’s chief advisor was General Colin Powell

• Troops were sent to Saudi Arabia—Operation Desert Shield

• Baghdad was bombed, Kuwait invaded, and Saddam’s troops fled—Operation Desert Storm

• This was a great success of the Bush administration

Clarence Thomas was appointed to the Supreme Court

• Anita Hill changed the workplace for women in the United States

Bush

• “Voodoo economics” (on Reaganomics)

• “Read my lips, no new taxes!” (before the next tax increase)

• “A thousand points of light” (referring to American volunteerism)

1992 Election

• Incumbent, Bush ran against Democratic Governor Clinton of Arkansas

• Clinton made the economy the main issue of the election --‘‘It’s the economy, stupid!’’

• Billionaire Texan Ross Perot was a third party candidate in 1992 and 1996

• NAFTA started

• First Female Secretary of State, Madeleine Albright

• First female Attorney-General, Janet Reno

• ‘‘Third Way ’’

• Started ‘Don’t ask; don’t tell’ policy

• First Lady, Hillary Clinton, headed an effort for national health insurance—failed

• Clinton sent troops to Somalia, Bosnia and The Persian Gulf (Second Gulf War)

• He defeated Senator Dole for his re-election in 1996.

• Speaker of the House, Newt Gingrich had a Conservative agenda called ‘‘Contract with America.’’

• Whitewater—Arkansas real estate scandal

• Lawsuits against the President for personal conduct

• Second President to be impeached--maintained his presidency.

Vernon Baker

• Received Distinguished Cross following service in WWII

• One of first African Americans to be recognized by the Medal of Honor in 1997 to compensate for past discrimination

Deficits• America had deficit spending since the LBJ years.

• Clinton balanced the budget and had a surplus for the Bush 2 Administration in 2001

NAFTA

NorthAmericanFree TradeAgreement

Lifted traderestrictionsfor U.S., Mexicoand Canada

U.S. International Trade Organizations also include…

• General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

• World Trade Organization (WTO)

Government Shutdown

• Clinton vs. Republicans in the House led by Newt Gingrich

• Put federal government workers on furlough and suspended non-essential services for a total of 27 days between November 1995 and January 1996

• Second shutdown occurred during the Obama Administration in 2013—led by Sen. Ted Cruz of Texas

The Internet• Began as an effort by The

Defense Department to streamline communication with scientists at universities and laboratories during the 1960s

• Name “Internet” and Protocol standardized in 1982

• Providers since mid 1990s

• Has led to changes in the workplace including “usage agreements”

• Has led to an increase of employees working from home

Election of 2000• Candidates: Republican Governor George W. Bush of Texas, Democratic Vice- President Al Gore, Consumer Advocate Ralph Nader

• Closest election in history

• Decided in The Supreme Court for Bush

Terrorism/War on Terror• Planes hijacked in 1970s to Jordan• U.S. Ambassador killed in Afghanistan• Plane hijacked in 1985 to Lebanon• Embassy attacked and 52 hostages held, 1979—Tehran, Iran (444 days)• 1983—Bombing of U.S. Marine Barracks in Lebanon (241 killed)• Bombing of West Berlin nightclub, 1986• Lockerbie, Scotland—bomb on PanAm 103 kills 270 (Libya claims responsibilty)• World Trade Center in NYC attacked, 1993—kills 6• Oklahoma City bombing (inside job), 1995—168 dead, 500 injured• Olympic Games, Atlanta, 1996 (inside job)• 1996 bombing of U.S. complex in Saudi Arabia—19 Americans killed• 1998 bombing of U.S. Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania—over 200 killed• USS Cole, 2000—bomb kills 17 sailors and injures 39• 9-11, 2001—hijacked airliners crash into the World Trade Center, The Pentagon, and a field in

Pennsylvania (Al Qaida responsible)• NATO troops respond in Afghanistan, 2001 to present• U.S. in Iraq 2003 to present (withdrawal began in 2010)—effort to eliminate WMD • Death of Osama Bin Laden, May 1, 2011—U.S. Navy Seals in Pakistan• Boston Marathon Bombing—April 15, 2013• Ben Ghazi, Libya—attack on American Embassy—2013• Sept. 10, 2014—Obama Administration annouces war against terrorist group, ISIL

9/11/2001

• office center in New York City which was built as a place to conduct worldwide commerce.

Before and After

The World Trade Center

9-11• The U.S. was attacked by Al Quaida on September 11, 2001 in NYC, Washington, and Pennsylvania.

• The U.S. invaded Afghanistan in 2001 and Iraq in 2003.

• "Freedom and democracy are under attack.”

• "The American people need to know we are facing a different enemy than we have ever faced.”

• "This enemy hides in shadows and has no regard for human life. This is an enemy that preys on innocent and unsuspecting people and then runs for cover. But it won't be able to run for cover forever."

• "We will rally the world," the president added. "We will be patient, we'll be focused and we'll be steadfast in our determination.”

• "These acts of mass murder were intended to frighten our nation into chaos and retreat, but they have failed.’’

President George W. Bush said:

14th Anniversary on Sept. 11, 2015—Patriot Day

• Where were you on Sept. 11, 2001?• Do you have any special memories of or

connections to the event?• How have our lives changed since Sept. 11,

2001?• Victor and United Flight 175• Visiting the Site in December 2001• The Memorials

9-11 Memorial at Ground Zero

Area Surrounding Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan

One World Trade Center

Museum of Ground Zero

Pentagon Memorial of 9-11

Pennsylvania

George W. Bush• Vice-President Dick Cheney

• “No Child Left Behind”

• Afghanistan and Iraq

• Saddam Hussein killed by Iraqis

• The Great Recession of 2008

• Memoir: Decision Points

• Presidential Library in Dallas

Hurricane Katrina, 2005

Election 2004

• Bush of Texas and Kerry of Massachusetts

• “Swiftboating”• Bush victory• Edwards was the vice

presidential candidate for the Democrats—he later went on trial for abuse of election campaign funds for his 2008 bid for the presidency

More Elections and Debates2008 2012

Obama defeated…

• McCain and Sarah Palin in 2008

• Romney and Ryan in 2012

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

Obama’s Presidency• Affordable Care Act• Dream Act (DACA)• Bailout of car industry• Am. Recovery and

Reinvestment Act• Withdrew troops from Iraq• Withdrew troops from

Afghanistan• Returned troops to fight ISIS• Nobel Peace Prize

• NSA Scandal (Edward Snowden)

• Drones• Tea Party • Death of Bin Laden• Benghazi attack, Sept. 2012• Wind Energy• “Made in America”• Ukraine Crisis• Opening of Cuba• White House Science Fair

Questions

• 1. What economic term describes the high unemployment, slow economic growth, and inflation of the late 1970s?

• 2. President Carter gave “amnesty” to the draft dodgers in 1977. Explain what this means.

• 3. What event led to The Brady Bill? What is the Brady Bill?

• 4. Identify: Phyllis Schafly Vernon Baker Sandra Day O’Connor

• Sonya Sotomayor Billy Graham Oprah Winfrey Hillary Clinton

• 5. What was the Challenger Disaster in 1986?

• 6. What disease became known in the early 1980s?

• 7. What major computer program was created by The Defense Department that we use every day since the 1990s?

• 8. How did the recession lead to changes in demographics in The Sunbelt?

• 9. Name the two Republican candidates defeated by Obama in the last two elections.

• 10. Name the two women who ran for Vice-President in 1984 and 2008.