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CONFERENCE
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INSTRUCTORS'-=-
DISTRl3trrION STATEME..~'T A IApprowed lor publIc relCOUl
Distributlon Unhmited
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79 10 29
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\
, INFANTRY INSTRUCTORS' CONFERENCEUNITED STATES ARMY INFANTRY
SCHOOL
Fort Benning. Georgia23-27 June 1958
REPORTPURPOSE: The Infantry Inltl'\lctor.' Conference Will
convened to Itandardizl! Infantry doctrine.tactic., and technique
taught at Ichooh of the AnTlY Educational Syltem. [""
MISSION: The milsion of the Infantry Inltructorl' Conference
Will: '\
a. To exhibit an active and conltructive interelt in Infantry
InltructOri at other lervic:eI
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MAJOR GENERAL PAUL L. FREEMAN, JR.Commandant. Ullited States
Army Infantry School
Com mal/ding General, United Slates Army Infantry Center
,
,
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..BRIGADIER GENERAL J. P. RUGGLES
Deputy ComrtUJl'fdilW GeneralUnited Slah!s A","" /1fjtmlry
Center
BRIGADIER GENERAL STANLEY R. LARSEN
Assistant CommandantUnited States Army Infantry School
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AGENDA FOR INFANTRY INSTRUCTORS' CONFERENCEFORT BENNING,
GEORGIA
23 - 27 JUNE 1958
H MONDAY, 23 JUNE 19580825 Assemble in Pratt Hall0830-0920
Welcome - Assistant Commandant
Presentation: Command and Siaff DepartmentScope: Hellcopterborne
Baltle Group Operations. Conference 'in which the
special considerations involved In the planning and cordueting
ofhelicopterborne battle group operations are presented.
Orientation and Outline of Conference - Director of
Instruction0920-0940 Coffee Break0940-0950 En Route to Brown
Halll
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1530-1630 Conferees meet: with varloos Department
representatives to set up times forthe alt8werlng of previously
submiued queatlons, and/or to arrangt: forvisiting scheduled
problema.
1730-1830 Commandant's Reception: TSB Area. BOQ Bldg 2755-8, Hqs
Co, 2d StudentBattalion.
,
,
Presentation: Command and Staff DepartmentScope: Conference In
which the results from the final repon of the Intel-
ligence Seminar arc presented (Scheduled for 19 - 24 May 58).En
Route to Theater No. 1Presemallon: United States Army Infantry
BoudScope: Developmem and Test function of CONARC Boards with
particular
emphasis on devclopmental items currcntly undergoing tcst at
theInfantry Board.
TUESDAY, 24 JUNE 18580755 Assemble in Pratt HaJJ0800-0845
Presentation: Depanment d NRI
Scope: Conference concerning the functions 01 the Depanment Of
Non-Resi-dent Ilt8tructlon; the type, l@'Vel, purpose,
methoddprocurement andthe benefits derived from the use ol
nonresident Instructional mate-rial. A discussion concerning the
revised Army Pre-Commission,Infantry Company and Advanced Extension
Course Programs theUnited States Army Rcserve School Program:
toincludea discussionconcerning the awarding d constructive credit
between the Companyand Advanced Extension Coursc Programs and the
USAR SchoolProgram.
Coffee Break0845-09050910-0950
0950-10051005-1200
1200-12501250-13301330-1415
LunchEn Routc to Problem 2067Prc8cntatlon: Command and Staff
Depanment (Problcm 2(67)Scope: Demonstration (Live Firing) showing
the actions and orders of the
weapons and as8ault gun platoon leaders In thcpreparatlon phases
0(the allack; conduct d fire prior to and during the attack
emphasizingthe collective effectiveness of the fires or the
platoons; fleXibility,displacement and the usc 01 communications to
coordinate flre andrt'KWcments to their platoons.
1..15-1500 En Route to Main POfit (Sightseeing Field)
,
1500-152~1525-1S45
Coffee OreakPresentation: Airborne-Air Mobility DepanmentScope:
A dlAcu8sion of Air Mobility conct.'Pttl, teHts and problem
areas.
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1545-1635
07550800-1000
1000-10201020-1030
1030-1050
1050-11001100-1120
1120-1135
075508000815
Presentation: Airtxlrne-Air MObility DepartmentScope: An
integrated conference and den~
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0820-08250825-08S0
0850-09100910-0925
En Route to Brown HallPresentation: Special Subjects
DepanmentScope: New Developments in Atomic Weapons. To familiarize
the Infantry
instrucrors with recent and impending developments in atomJc
weap-ons, their delivery systems, and target analysis
techniques.
Coffee BreakPresentation: Editorial and Pictorial OfficeScope:
To cile the imponance of INFANTRY Magazine to the Infantryman
as an exJension of school instruction and as a means of bridging
thegap between the formulation at new tactics, organization and
doc-trine and their publication in Depanment of the Army media.
Toencourage conferees to promoIe the subscription of
INFANTRYMagazine in their parent units and to solicit anicles for
publicationfrom units in the field.
0930-1050 Presentation: Instructor Training SectionScope:
Mission of ITS, policy on attendance, scope of ITC, scope of
orienra-
tion. The 3 pans of a presentation (introduction, bcdy, and
con-clusion), the preparation of teaching points, supponing
material,sub6ummaries, and transitions; conference method, control
ofinterest. The indicators of speaker attitude (sincerity,
confidence,enthusiasm, and sense of humor); platform technique; use
of voice.Emphasis is placed upon the Instructor's making the most
effectiveuse of his own beSt qualities. Scheduling of student
presentations,with emphasis upon developing effectiveness for
learning; develop-ment of student confidence in speech practice
(skit of 3 min talk an:::!critique by instructor) demonstration of
speech workshop techniques;smaH group instruction; improvements in
instructional facilities andtraining aids.
10SO-11001100-11501200-13001300-1700
BreakPeriod reserved for the Assistant CommandantLunch
Conferences with Instructional Depanmcnt8 and/or observation of
scheduledproblems.
FRIDAY, 27 JUNE 19580900-1000 En Route to Problem 2155 Area -
Moore Road
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104011401145~130013051310~1400
1400-14101410-1500
1500-153015301530-1630
1635~1650
Presentation: Command atvJ Staff DepanmentScope: Problem 2155 -
Mobile Task Force Operations - Dress Rehearsal.
Demonstration (Live Firing) of a company-size combined arms
m0-bile tast force in offensive action; demonstration depiCtS tast
(orceutilizing active atomic suppan. anachecl tanks,/lnfantry
carriers,engineer suppan. aerial reconnaissance, and employment of
helicop-ters to evacuate casualties and resupply ammunition.
Return to Main PostLunchAssemble in Pratt HallPresentation:
Combat Developments OfficeScope: Presentation of the materiel
development objectives and related
materiel requirements and concepts which have application to
Ihefuture employment of Infantry during Ihe time (rame 1960-70, to
in-clude USAIS views wirh regard (0 specific dcvclopmcnr projects
otdirect interest.
Break:Presentation: Combal Developments OfficeScope: A
comprehensive presentation on organizatiOnal and operational
ob-
jectives of the In(antry baule group of the 1960-70 time frame.
Acomparison ia made between the current battle group
organizationalstructure and that planned for the 1960-65 period.
Because of theexpected availability of new equipment and the Impact
of new weaponssystems on tactical formations, the
operationalc::onceptsoCthc Infan-try banle group are projected.
Coffee BreatAssemble in Pratt HallAssistant Commandant's
ForumClOSing Remarks - Commardant
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UNITED STATE ARMY INFANTRY SCHOOLDIRECTORY OF
STAFF AND DEPARTMENT DIRECTORS
TELEPHONESPOSITION NAME OfFICE HOMECOMMANDANT Maj Gen P. L.
Freeman, Jr. 20101 25100
Aide de Camp Capt L. McCall, Jr. 27131 25195DEPUTY COMMANDING
GENERAL Brig Gen J. F. :tuggles 32132 31200
Aide de Camp lsI Lt J. P. Ceglowski 21233 35168ASSIST ANT
COMMANDANT Brig Cen S. R. Larsen 31222 30225
Aide de Camp 1st u C. O. Neal 31212 20235
CHIEF OF STAFF Col R. H. York 22J11 26216COMBAT DEVELOPMENTS
OFFiCE Col D. E. Townsend 26101 37109
Project Officer Lt Col J. H. Chambers 31223 61228DIRECTOR OF
INSTRUCTION Col N. 8. Edwards 26211 32100
Project Officer Lt Col A. L. Dean, Jr. 27124 33108OPERATIONS
OFFICER Col R. L. Crouch, Jr. 37292 29L07
Project Officer Capt J. E. Tyler 37164 MU 90554SECRETARY Col J.
L. Osgard 20291 34128LIBRARIAN Miss Ruth Wesley 24172 MU
93871AIRBORNE-AIR MOBILITYDEPARTMENT Col W. E. Ekman 25102
35295
Proje
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, TELEPHONES
POSITION NAME OFfiCE HOME
EDITORIAL AND PICTORIALOFFiCE Col G. S. Peters 30121 20239
Project Officer 1st Lt L. P. Boucher. Jr. 30256 MU
94761RECEPTION AND PROTOCOLDIVISION Lt Col H. S. Sheldon 24211
23120
COMMANDING OFFiCERTHE SCHOOL BRIGADE Col A. L. Hoetleke 21292
33146
Project Officer Is! Lt T. H. Parsons 30135 MU 92299COMMANDING
OFFICERINFANTR Y SCI-tOOL DETACHMENT Lt Col R. O. Manasco 34103
24138COMMANDING OFFICER1ST STUDENT Bt\TTALION LI Col J. L. Bryan
39212 31209COMMANDING OFFICER2D STUDENT BATTALION Lt Col J. B.
Zanin 30211 34127COMMANDING OFFICER4TH STUDENT BATTALION Lt Col 8.
W. Hart 22123 39239COMMANDING OFFICER3TH STUDENT SAITALIGN MaJ J.
L. Treadwell 25224 36135
UNITED STATES ARMY INFANTRY BOARD
PRESIDENT Col H. B. Kunzig 25192 27118Project Officer Lt Col A.
I-t Phillips 20212 33215
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INFANTRY WEAPONS
SPECIAL SUBJECTS
CONFERENCE INTRODUCTION
INFANTRY MAGAZINE
PageI
I3
,
18
1818
'6
34
3434
4'4'636871
74
77
7778
81
..
..,
8'94
'03
103'0310710'111
118
118118.,4lZ7
lntroductionTl'"ainfil'"e IRecent Changes to ROTCM 130-45:
Snipel'" Doctl'"ine; and
Tl'"ainlil'"e III and IVAutofil'"eTl'"ainfin IIModified M2 Mount
fol'" M60 Machine GunMS6 as a Multiple Cal'"del'"
I.ll.
III.
I. IntroductionU. Ltaaon Preparation and Control or Intere.t
In. Orientation on Inltructor Training Cour.eIV. New Tl'"enda in
USAIS Inltructton
lNFANTRY INSTRUCTOR COURSE
I. IntroductionII. E..entials of Ground Mobility
III. Infantry Light Weapona Carrier, M-274IV. Ms6 Auawt Gun
CarriageV. Vehicle Navigation
GROUND MOBILITY
I. Intl'"oduct ionII. Ail'" Mobility
III. Pathfinders
I. IntroductionII. Infantry Battle Group CommunicUion.
ill. Trend. and Development. in Communication. andElectronic
Equipment
AIR MOBILITY
I. Ailtant Commandant'. WelcomeU. Director of Instruction'.
Orientation
RESULTS OF INTELLIGENCE SEMINAR
I. Trainlead Film Pl'"ogl'"amII. New Developmenu in Nuclear
Weapon.
THE NON_RESIDENT INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAM OF THEUNITED ST."\TES
ARMY INFANTRY SCHOOL
INFANTRY COMMUNICATIONS
'v.V.
VI.VII.
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section
CHAPTER 4.
CHAPTER S.
CHAPTER 6.
CHAPTER 8.
CHAPTER I.
CHAPTER 9.
CHAPTER 3.
CHAPTER 2.
CHAPTER 7.
CHAPTER 10.
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ii
APPENDIX 1. Lilt of Confereu
APPENDIX It Oiltribution
153
1Z9
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'Z9130138..6
APPENDICES
COMMANDANT'S CLOSING REMARKS
INFANTRY TACTICS
ASSISTANT COMMANDANT'S FORUM
I. Battle Group TacticiII. HelicOplerborne Battle GrOup
Operationa
III. Mobile Talk Force OperationaIV. Weapons and Aalault Gun
Platoonl in the Attaek
CHAPTER 13.
Seetion
CHAPTER lZ.
CHAPTER 11.
,
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CHAPTER 1CONFERENCE INTRODUCTION
Section I. ASSISTANT COMMANDANT'S OPENING REMARKS
BRIGADIER GENERAL STANLEY R. LARSEN
On behalf of General Freeman, I welcome you to the Infantry
School, your home a. Infantrymen, and to relay hill regrets that he
cannot be here perllon_Uy this morning to welcome you.We want
group' such as yours which come to the Infantry School, to
recognize that the Infantryi. a progressive branch and never stands
still. It i. particularly essential that you recognizethis today,
because everything is moving lIO r_pidly. We mUal continue to come
forth with newideas and new trend. to further the Infantry and the
Army a. a whole.
will cover a few poinu, alter which Colonel Edwards will give
you a short orientation. Wehope, in the.e few day., to give you the
latest trend., development., doctrinal thinking, andequipment idea.
which we have at the Infantry School and within the Infantry
branch. There havebeen change. within the last year and we hope
they will be dra.tic enough so that those of you whowere here la.t
summer will feel that progres. i. being made and that there is a
difference be_tween last year and thi. year. We hope our
presentations will a.sist you in your individual jobs,wherever you
might be alationed. We abo hope they will aid you in putting out
the story of theInfantry so we can have a unified idea throughout
our branch, as to where we are heading andwhat our future will
be.
You Infantrymen know, as I know, that one of our problems has
been that wherever onehundred Infantrymen get together there are
one hundred different ideas as to exactly what theInfantry means,
where it i. going, and what it stands for. This bas been a problem
ever sinceI can remember and I am convinced that it has been so
always. Sometimes this is progressive;however. it can often be
detrimental. We hope during these few days to get your ideas on
thissubject.
I should like to illustrate our way of doing busine with a
specilic example of ROCIO. Whenthe divisions were changed from the
triangular to the Pentamic org_nizations, the Infantry Schoolhad no
officers who were qualified ROCIO experts. Therefore, we had to
lean very heavily onunits in the field for basic ideas and trend.
As a matter of fact, we have developed a monthlyletter from the
Commandant to unit. in the field to probe for thoughts and ideas
applicable tothe ROCIO concept. Con.equently, the doctrine and
ideas we teach in the future will dependlargely on ideas obtained
from people away from the Infantry School.
The Infantry should be proud of iu place in today's Army. A. to
the concepts of the futureof the Army, the In!antry School is in
full accord with directives _nd doctrine that have beenplaced upon
the Army as a whole by higher headquarten. We are in full accord
with the guidancegiven for the future. However, within this
guidance, there are some point. we as Infantrymenshould give
serious thought. One of these is the matter of command. The
Infantryman today, upthrough the grade of captain, has command.
From then on, he mu.t wait roughly 14 years untilhe becomes a
colonel and is eligible to command again. Here we have the
Infantryman, supposedto be a commander; yet there i. no opportunity
for him to gain command experience during thecream of his IHe.
Another point is the personnel carrier in the ROCIO division. At
preSent, it is assigned tothe Transportation Corps. However, the
tllfantry personnel cilrr~.,r - or armored perlonnelcarrier, if you
want to call it that - will be used primarily by the Infantry in
battle. Close COOl'.dination with Infantry units and a thorough
knowledge of Infantry operation. will be eential.Thill can belt be
achieved if the.e carrier. are operated by Infantrymen.
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The huantryman of today 18 no 10llger a rl!leman who can be
expected to pack aU of his light_ ,ing toola on foot. This brings
to mind a question which has never been answered Cor me, justwhat
is an Infantry weapon? I would like to bave someone of you during
your stay come up withthe answer, if you will. We have bad an
Iniantry branch fOr nearly two hundred years but no onehas ever
defined an Infantry weapon properly. We are inclined to think of an
Infantry weaponaa one which the Infantryman habitually uaes in
carrying out his job on the front lines; one whichfires at a target
visibleby frontline observation. Is thia thil'lkinl correct, in
view of the requirements of the modern battlefield? The idea of the
Infantryman today having to carryall his fight-ing equipment on hia
back, I believe, ia outmoded. Future trends require the Infantryman
to beable to fight on vehiclea and off vehicles. Even now a light
tracked vehicle ia being developedwhich will enable an Infantryman
to do this.
What is an lnfantryman? Ia a paratrooper who wear. cro.sed
rifle. an Infantryman?Ye., he ia. Is a man who belongs to an
armored divi.lon and called an Armored Infantrymanatill an
Infantryman? Yes, he is. All these variou. type. of Infantrymen are
.tiU ba.ically In-fantry. The Infantryman of the future must be
able to .wim riverS in amphibioua tracked vehic-le.; he must be
able to cros. mountains with Army aviation and have staying power
when he geUthere. whether it be jungle, hilly country. snow, or
ialand warfare. There i. no doubt that theInfantryman is going to
be needed In any warfare of the future. The point is we, in the
Infa.ntry,must be trained and equipped to perfrom our mission when
and if the time comes.
We have many organbational changes in the Infantry School which
we hope wiU be of interestand of assistance to you in your work.
wherever you are stationed. All of tbe department heacla_d the
Infantry Board will give you briefings. A liat of key officers and
personnel has beenissued to you. We hope that you will be able to
contact these individual. in your free time andthat you will have
an opportunity to solve some of your major problems while you are
here. Per-sonaUy, 1 hope that l'U have an opportunity to see thoae
of you whom I've known before, as wellas to meet those I 1ut.ve not
met previously. I will now turn you over to Colonel Edwards whowill
give you a further orientation on the Infantry School.
z
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Section U. DIRECTOR OF INSTRUCTION ORIENTATION
COLONEL NORMAN B. EDWARDS
Dinclm' of bLstnu::tioII
Gentlemen. I whh to add my welcome to that extended to you by
the A i.t.1lnt Commandant.
, A. General Lar.en .tated, for .ome of you. thh h not your
fir.t conference. To tho.e, a.mall part of my orientation may be a
little repetitiou'. However. a brief refre.her never hurtanyone and
I am .lIre that you are aU intere.ted in the major chanael in the
organh.ation of theSchool that have taken place recently. Al.o. the
two afternoon. which have been .et a.ide (oryou to vieit the
variou. department. will be more beneficial if yOIl IInderU.l..nd
the School organization and the function. of the.e departmenU.
Now to brieny review the miion of the United State. Army
Infantry School. The primarymiion. of the Infantry School are:
To prepare Infantry officeu and .elected enliated personnel to
perform tho.e dutie. withinthe ~ttJe group they may be called upon
to perform in war.
To formulate and publi.h in appropriate training literature
Infantry. Airborne. and Rangerdoctrine and technique
CCMv1AI'DANT
ASST COWOT r-- ED ADVISOR
D1R OF I\ISTR :
SCH BRIG COOACADEMIC sr~F
I I
OFrflCE SECY OPNS EPO BOOK/1 DEPT
INSTlIUCT10NAL llE!'lUlTllENTSI I I I I I
ASH AIR GHO MOIl COMM WPNS ~ Sf' Sl.8J RANGER "'"MOIlFigure 1.
Organhation of the United State. Army Infantry School.
J
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Tbe CommanUnl ' .....jor Cen.ral Fn.man) command. and .upervi
the operation. of theSchoolaad 1. aleo the Commandilll General o(
the United Stat Army InCantry Cent.r. The In_(antry Cerat.r 1.
compod o( the vario\l' poet \lniu not d.ir.ctly conn.ct.d with the
School, with..c.plioD. o( the Zd InCa.D.try Diviaion.
Th. AhUnt CommanUnt lBriiadier Ceneul Lanen) .cU (or the
CommanUnt in aU matten pertainina to the InCentry School. In thil
re'pect, he .upervhe. the .ctivitie. at aU Schoola nei which arhown
in fiaure 1. Each o( th a,eneie. will be plained In detail.
To a ht the Aa.ietant CommanUnt, th.re h an Educational Advilor
lOr. TUe). Hi. pri.mary (unction i. to maintain liai.on between the
USAIS and civilian .dueatlonallnetitution. to in- ure a (ree chana.
o( .dueational conceptnd In.tructional tachnique .
The Director o( In.truction (Col Edward.) In.ure. that the
objective. 01 ch Program o( In.trllction ara appropriate and
upto_clate. In .dditlon, he erd.e. iener.1 'Ilperviaion overthe
day_by.day op.ration. 01 the School. (The a,.nciehown in Hiura I
rapre.ant the miljoralementa o( the School; we wiU conaidar e ..ch
of tham aep.. rilte1y. L.ter, we will ret\lrn to Ugllre
(or any que.Uon. yOIl may have concarnina tbe oraani&ation
in aanerill.)
ihe School Briaada con"at. of the variou. companie. and
battalion. reqllirad to admini.terand provide 101llth:al .upport
(or aU ra.id.nt atudenU. lu mia.ion r.quir approximuely 180olficer'
and IZOO enU.tad men. Some ....mpl of their .ctivitiera etudent
diaciplin., bO\1a_inl, and ilUlpectlone.
Th. Combat Development. O((IC. II the long range pl.nnina arollp
which dev.lopnd eval_u,ate. new dOCtrine, tactic., technique., .nd
Orll,.fti&ilUOO ollnlilntry and Airborne \lIliu. Thuofnce iIlao
initiate. r.quirem.nu lor naw type weapon. within tha Iramawork of
tha Unit.d Stat.eArmy Re.earch and Development Aaency. COO
maintain. clo.a li.i"on wuh r rch ag.nde both civilian .nd
military, located hare ilt f'ort Benning and ela.where.
The Office of the Director 01 Inatruction 1. or,ani&ad to iI
I.t the OIrector of Inetnlction inthe axecution o( hi.
ra.ponal.billde. Her. are locatad the Advilnced and B ic Cour.e
director.who d.v.lop and monitor tha principill USAIS Proaram. 01
In.truction. AdditionaUy, tM. o(licehal thr.e ction. A Plan.
S.ction which ald. the 01 in planning and .up.rvhing School
Actlvi.tie . An Analy.l Review S.ction which .valu.tel In.truction
(on.t.ntly. by .n.lylll o( .xami-nation ra.ult., problem In.pection
repOrtl, and Itudent comm.ntl. Thtl In.trUClor Trilinlng S.c-tion
Ie alao. part o( thie ollic . It conductl three and one-hilli wetlk
In.tructor Tr.ining Cour.a.All in.tructor. a ianad to tha tnfantry
School mue, be graduat 01 thi. cour'tl belor. they ilreaUowed to
cond\lct lormal inetruction.
ihe Sacr.tary le the prlncl.pa.a adminbtrative exacutlv. of the
Ai.t'nt Commandant. Hi.po.ition la almUar to that 01. re,iatrar in
our univaraiti He aJao i. cUliodian 01 .tud.nt.cademic recorda and
adminilter. the atudent .vallJ.i1tion progrilm. Th.rrtlv.ral
ag.ncie.to a iat him In p.rformln, hia duCi. Firat, a Special
Tr.inin. S.ction, which ia r.'ponaibl.for itin.rari.a and epeclaJ
training programe (or vhitora, .uch a. youraeU. Next, th.r. i.
ilnAUied Liaiaon Section, which coordinilte. the trilining o( aU
.tudenU (ram our aUied counlriTh. Inf'ntry School Library, which i.
u.ed by both etudent. and inltructor. ahke, I. und.r auper_Ti.lon
of the Secretary. There la alao a Crad. R.corda Section to maintain
record. of .I\ld.ntacad.mic ,rad.
Th. Operationl OUice i. c~rged with provtdin, f.cilitl and
a.rTic n.c ry lor theacademic department. to pre.ent their
inatruction. One function of the Op.ratlona Ollictl is
theached'llin, of cl To do thi., they maintain a maater tralnin,
.chedul. board. Among them.ny Hem. 01 equipment thl. olllce mu.t
provide .re weapon. of aU type . A weapon. pool ismaintained to i
ue theaa w.apon.. Due to the complexity of the OperaUon. OUice
.cthiti , amore detailed brieRnl will be Jiven by that olfice
10Uowlng my pre.entatlon
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The Editorial and Pictorial Office prepare. the many vhualaid.
u.ed by In.tructorl. Tbi.olficup.rviut. the preparation of, and
.diu all traininj tit.r..ture oriJinalinl at the School.It ..leo
publi.he. the Infantry Majuine. In addhiol'l. the Editorial ..nd
Pictorial Office .upervi...the Army Field Printlnl Plant which
pUI'IU ,11 in.tructiol1&l material u.ed .t the School.
Th, Book Dep,artment oper..te. the Book Store. Her. the .hld.nu
may pureha v ..riou tation.ry .upplie. and material. ne.d.d to a
tlt them in their .tudi.'. Thl. al.o givetu_d.nu a loure./rom whicb
10 build up th.ir own perlonal library.
Now let'. COD.ider the v.n inltructioa.al d.partm.nu.
Tb. Airborn.Air Mobility O.pal'lment 11 re.pon.ible lOr a
eeru..ill ..mount of l.ebnical (1'1 Iruction for the l.ader.hip
Iype cour.... Ho",.v.r. h. primary COllCern it conduct oflbe
BallcAirborn .end Pathfind.r Cour.... Thi. d.partment aleo conducU
le.l. and formulal doctriner.lativ. 10 airborn. operation. and
air..f1\obilily maU'r. a. oppod 10 airborne t..ctie .....h.ich hthe
re.pon.ihility ol another departm.nt.
The Ground Mobilhy O,pillrtment teache. le..der el...... tho
tbinj' they .hould know. coneerning orjanir.atiol1&l
maint.nanc., udlization. operation, ..nd In.p.clion ol whe.l and
Irackv.hlcle. of the baltle group. In addition. It eonducu
.pectaHIt el...... lor baltle IrouP mOlorollicer. and automotive
.upervhor
Th. Communication. D.parlm.nt. a. it. name implie boa. r
pon.ihility lor iMtrucdon inthe organizational rnaint'l1&nc
operaHon and utilization ol..u .ign.al equipm.nt found within
thebattl'lroup. II al.o condueu .peci-.Jilt cl lor baltle jroup
communic"Uoll olIicer. andcommunicatiCWI.u".rviaor.
Th. W'~POll' Deparlment prenU in.truetion in aU W.apoM org.nic
to the battle aroup.from Ih. 45 caliber piltol throulh the 106mm
recoiUe rin. [1'1 addilion to W. t.chnicalinltnlction. the Weapon.
Department iI r pon..ible for (ormulatinllechnique. of {ire.
includ.tn, the new concept of Tra.l.nlire.
Th. Special Subj.cu Department it ehar,ed with in.truction in
military manal.meot. mapand 'erial photograph readin,. military
m.dicine. lead.r.hlp, atomic. inltruction...nd oth.rcommon .ubject.
which may b. dir.ct.d.
Th. Command and Sta.H Department In.trucU in aU a.pect. of
organir.ation tall {unction.,t.ctlc. and command oflnlantry uniu
Irom company though the brigade and in the techniqu andemployrnent
of '\Ipportin, arm. and rvic. Sufficient in.tructiOn i. aleo
gtven.t divi.ionl.v.l lor orienta.tion of .tudenll. Througbout
their in.truction. tbe ernpb
-
ACtlr complltion of thl FloridA pM.etudent. are then tAkln to
tbe mountain. of North Georgiafor tralnlna In mountain cl\mbina And
10na ranae mountain patrol1ina.
Thl.1 are aU of the dlpartmenll which pre'ent re.ident
In.truction; howlyar. thlrl I. 01'11departmant th.&t proYidl.
inuru
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After two to five year. a"rvice, an officer may rehlTn lor an
i"termed'.te CO\l.r,,, of in.true-tton - the A odate Company
Ollieer Cour.e. Thi. cour." prepare. an officer for duty a.
acompAny commander and Junior .taU officer of the battle group.
Normally. RA officer. receivec:onuructivt! credit lor thl. cour.e.
It i, u.ually attended by oUicer. who, for varlou. rea.onl,have not
received the normal troop duty aa.ignrnentl and need additional
{.... truction to c:ompen-te for back of experience. In moat cea,
thi, cour ., I. attended by re.erve offic:ert whocome on .cllve
dl.lty for the apeclfic courte.
Between the 5th and IZth ye.. r of c:ommiioned ."rvice, the
officer returnl to the InCantrySchool for the Advanced Courae. Thi.
coura" trail'll itn officer for duty a. iI battle group
Itaffofficer ilnd commander.
Up to thie point. all Ichooling hal been a requirement. AU
further .chooling i. by .election.
.ppro.i.mately SO" of the Infantry officerl attend the Command
and General Staff Collegebetween their 8th and 15th yeare of
aervice. Thi. college prepare. an officer for divi.ion andhigher
level dutie.
The percentage. ilttending the top level .chooh, L e., the Armed
Force. Staff College, Na-tional War CoUege. and the Indu.tr!a!
College. are con.ide'rably Ie... All of thete. e.cept theArmy War
College, are attended by officer. from all of the .ervice.
You will note tlult the Infantry School conduct. all the "mu.t
have" coune' for Infantrycareer offlcen. The ba.ic courle, of eight
week. duration, i. deaigned for the Inlantry platoonleader with
lire placed on .mall unit tactic. in.truction. In the intermediate
cour.e of .1._teen week. duration, empha.i. i. given to dutie. of
the company commander and junior Itaffofficer. Advanced tactic. are
introduced, but Je empha.i. i. pbced on weapon. al the Iludentby
thil time hal a imilated much of thi. training through experience.
The advanced level coune,attended by officere of con.iderable
co.mpany and junior "'aff e.perience. I. J4 week. in length.Here
the officer receivel inltruction to Include the reinlorced battle
group wilh the .talr proced-ure. and combined arm. taCtiCI neceary
for thl. type organization. plu. training to qualifyhim a$ an
atomic Ilaff officer. An orientation on d,vi.ion level Itaff
procedure. it alao included.
In all of our cour'e' we place empha.l. on the tactical
employment of atomic weapon., guid-ed mi ile., and rockell. We have
not, however, di.regarded inltruction in conventional war-fare,
without atomic., thereby maintaining (Il1!xibility. We atre.1
greater battlefield mobility.the key to .ucce'l, through the ulle
of heHcoptere and Infantry penonnel carrier.: we .trenight training
and individual proficiency In night firing of weapon . A. they
become available,we integrate new communication. equipment, vehicle
and weapon. Into our inn ruction.
The over_all .tudent load il approximately 11,500 for thl.
fi.c.1 year. In addition to thit,we conduct .peclal cour.e. For
example, a two-week cour.e for 600 US Military AcademyCadell, al
well al a one-week cour.e for US AiT FOTce Academy Cadell. AI.tance
I. givento 1100 ROTC Cadell and the US ATmy Re.eTve unill during
thit .ummer tTalning. We al.o con-duct the Army orientation faT
appTo:llimately 160 member. of the Joint Civilian Orientation
Con-ference a. part of the ~pllrtment of Defen.e Orientation. At
the.e lime., we hold an open hou.efaT approJdmately 4.000 other
Itudenll (rom variou. lervice .chool. luch a. Ordnance. Signal,and
ATmed FOTce. Staff College.
A few minute. ago I mentioned the Ba.ic Infantry OUker Coune. A.
of I July thi. IS-weekcoune will be dilcontinued. An 8_week
Infantry Officer l.eader Cour.e will take Ita place.Study revealed
that the IS_week BlOC coune duplicated much of the USMA progTam of
in.truc_tlon ATP 145-60, general .c1ence curriculum for civilian
and m'il\tlory college. The I-weekIOl.C eliminate. thi. duplication
and more clo.ely (allow. a ranger type cour.e -
empha.lzing.ell_confidence and aggre"ivene. It doe. not Tepl.ce the
ranger cour.e. All newly commi.-.ioned officen mu.l Ilill take the
Ranger and/or Ai,'borne Courte. OT the Army AviatlonCO\Ir.e.
7
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I would like to mention a ne... cour.e _ acutally a .ubc:our.e.
Thh i. our Nuclear Weapoll.'Employment OUlcer Coune. The advall.Ced
da receive....pproxim... tely 135 hOUri oC atomi.c UPOIl.
Iraduation. tho.e who .ucce.lfuJly complete the atomic' in'truction
are a .... rded a prefixS to their MOS. The ,ociate .dvanced da
receive. 77 hour. oC atomic.. Tbo.e .tudenu...ho achieve certain
ltandardre beld over alter tbey .raduate and receive .nother 60
houri oCatomic in.truc:tioll.. Succe.'Cu! completion oC the.e bourl
qualilie. them Cor a prefix S. In ad-dition to thi. relatively
lar.e lingle block of in.tructioll., the ...dv;t.nced level cle.
receive .p-proximately 18t additioD.&1 hOUri of integrated
Itomic in.truction pre.ented by other tha.n ouratomici committe..
W. bave had 3 d COmplete thie lub_courle 10 far _ two regul.1.r
cl;t..-.el and one auoctate da... Approximately 65ft of the two
regular daue. were qualified ....nudear weapon. employment officer.
and approximately 30ft of the a oclate da wa. qu;t.lilied.
Gentlemell.. that end. my pre.entation. Are there any
que.tion.?
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CHAPTER 2NON-RESIDENT INSTRUCTION PROGRAM
CAPTAIN ROBERT ARTER
Operations Officer, Department oj Non-Resident [nstructKmDuring
your vi, it to the United State. Army InJantry School, you have
leen and wi.ll be .hOWD
many of the facilitie. whi.ch exilt here to ,uPPOl't the
training of the fifteen thou. and plua studenuwho annually attend
re.ident in.truetion. I'm wondering--jusl how many of you re;t.lize
that thelniantry Schoollupportl a current nonre.ident .tudent
enrollmentoC 290, OOO? During thi, peri.-od. we will discu the
non-relidenl progn.ml in which these .tudenla are
p&rticip&ting and thetypes, benefits, and methods of
procurement of non-re_tdenl illltructional material prepared
tolupport thelle progranu.
To admini_tel' and coordinate the support of the non-re.ident
program. of the United State.Army Infantry School, the Department
of Non-Re.ident In.truction has been establi.hed.
The department is organized as follow.:
A department headquarters with a. colonel, Director. and
lieutenant colonel. Deputy Direc-tor. The Deputy Director in this
instance wear. two hat. a. he i. abo the InIantry ROTC Ad-vi.or and
a uch make. vhits throughout the country. learning how he can
better .upport theROTC program.
An Operation. Section consi.ting of the Administrative Branch
Which performs the normaladministrative duties of an SI section,
and the Planning and Coordinating Branch which has
there.ponsibility for coordinating all activities of the
department. It is this branch which .erve. asthe department'.
liai.on agent with all other departments and agencies concerned
with the produc-tion of non-resident in.tructional material. Its
activities can best be likened to those of an 53office. This office
also monitors the expenditures of all funds allocated to .upport
the variousnon-re.ident programs.
The Logistical Section performs a dual function. It is
respon.ible for distribution of non-resident material to individual
students in the ca.e of Army Extension Courses and to the
in-structor. in the other non-l"esident programs. It abo .erve. as
the .upply agency for the de-partment.
The Editorial Committee is charged with the writing. rewriting.
and editing of all non-re,ident instructional material. It is
compo.ed of officers with considerable miJitary experi-ence, and
civilians wh.o have h
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OOTHQ J IOTe IADV!SOI.
orEMTIONS lOGISTICALSECTION SECTION
II
"O:IN I I'l ..~OID
1OIT00ltol . 16 IOICCOM
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Let'. consider an average American boy whom we find enrolled in
the Reserve Officer" Train-ing Corps Program of hi, local high
school (Figure 4). He'. participating either in the JuniorROTC or
Natio...... l Deh:nse Cadet Corps and will receive 96 hours of
training in bil8ie miUt.rysubjects each. year for three years. This
training is designed to make him a better Americancitizen and to
prepare him for pO'lible service as an enlisted man. There are two
types of unittat this level of instruction. the regular Juni.or
ROTC units and the National Defense Cadet Corpsunits training under
Section SSe, the:National Defense Act. The Latter units aTe
suppo:rted onlyby inltructional material, whereal, regular Junior
ROTC units are provided active Army instruc-tOTII as well a.
training material support.
ROTC
lJ' NDCC MS SRDIV DIV DIV
Figure S. ROTC Programs.
Our lad could have participated in the Military Schools Division
of ROTC (Figure 5). It con-sists of military institute. and
military junior college! with an enrollment o( approximately13.500.
These !chools have a six-year curriculum with ISO hours of military
instruction peryear.
Now. let's assume that our lad has graduated from high school
and enrolled in college. Herehe may receive additional training
under an ROTC program which paralleb the resident OCScourse. There
are ZSO umior ROTC unit! which are supported by the lnfantry
School; this in-clude. ZOZ General Military Science and 49 Branch
Material uniu including 17 Infantry unit!.Total en"rollment is
around 144,500. The General Military Science (GMS! curriculum is
keyed toproduce junior officer. who by their education. training,
and inherent qualities are suitable (orcontinued development as
officer. in any branch o( the United States Army. The Infantry
branch-type curriculum, as the name implies, is designed to train
officer! for Infantry commissions.Effective this !chool year. both
program! included relatively the same .ubjech for the fre!hmanand
sophomore years with little difference in the final two years. The
trend is to convert allbranch-type units to GMS units.
A senior ROTC student receives 90 hours of instruction each year
[or the first two year.and 150 hours annuaUy [or hi. lall two
years. In addition, to qualify for a commis!ion, he mu.tattend
summer camp. Thi. is normally accomplished between the third and
fourth years ofROTC. Last school year, 14,656 offi.cers were
commissioned through the ROTC program withabout Z004 going into the
infantry. (The Artillery Branch received the large.t number of
offi-cers. about 4, 000.)
The ROTC curriculum has been changed to include instruction o(
the new organization!.
11
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To aupport the ROTC progranu there are 53 .ubject .chedule 3
inUnidor manu.cript.,and 1 new developmenU pamphlet prepared here.
There are an additional 15 .ubject .chedu.1e.and II inuructor
manu.cripu which are prep;t.red by other .erviee .chooh but whl.
Ire edited.publi.hed, and diuributed by the United State. Army
Infantry School. Let 'a take a h ....k al atypical subjed .chedule.
Plea.e refer to Subject Schedule Nr 480. Thl. ~rtlcular
aubject.chedule wa' prep;t.red to a i.t the Profes.or of Military
Sdence and Tachcs in pre.enting inat ruction on the Rocket Launcher
3.5, Hand and Rule Grenades. The cover contains the titleas well al
the school year il.Ild ATP paragraph which the .ubject schedule
.upporu. On the reverse .ide Is a table of contents.
Page I outlines the purpose, training objective, .cope,
reference., training aids, facihtiesand equipment, and general
information which an instructor should have to pre.ent thl.
subject.This general information includes any training hlnU which
the Infantry School inltruclOr hasfound to be helpful In the
pre.entation of thit parlicular block of inllruction. On page Z It
achart of the cour.e, giving a breakdown by period and showing
lesson title, tell:t reference, area,tr..ining ..id., and
equipment. Thill ill followed by paragraph. containing an outline
of each hour,stating the lesson objective, and shOWing the
recommended les.on outline with a ume breakdown.
At present, there are only three inlltructor manu.criptt written
here at United Slates ArmyWil.Iltry School. lnUructor manu'cripts
contain complete narrative. for each hour of Inltructionaupported
and they are prepared on subjecU wherein reference material may be
scarce or therei. a need {or unuorm in.truction.
Additional as.iatance i. rendered tbe ROTC program through halt
on vuiu and procuremento{ .pecial item. lIuch aa name tag.,
miILg~ine .ub.criphons, a.nd books. Certain InUructionalitems are
purcha.ed and automatically diuributed. Recently, plastic working
modeh of lIeveralweapon. were purch.ued through a. special
tra-ining fund ilLnd hilLve been di.stributed to ROTC units.Each
aenior achool is allocated money qua-rterly CrOm the ROTC Support
Fund. This money iluaed to purcha.e item. which are not available
through aupply channels. There are severalSenior ROTC ma.nuah and
one Junior ROTC ma-nual which are now published by the Departmentof
the Army a. te~t reference', The Uniteo State. Army Wantry School
does have respon&ibil-tty for preparing tho... DOrtions of the
manual. which pertain to instruction at this .chool.
The.epublication. are curreutly being revilled along ROCID lines
and will be available through AG pub-lication ch..nnels a. they are
printed.
Let'll assume that our hypothetical Individual has graduated
from ROTC and has been com-missioned a .econd lieutenant, Infantry.
He I. caUed to active duty with hi. fiut assignmentbeing here at
FOrt Benning where he attends the Ba.ie Wantry Officer Course.
Under the 1955Rellerve Force. Act he may complete hi. 6 month.'
active duty requirement by attending BlOCand then attending further
.chooling or being .... igned al Benning until discharged. If he
elect.a- two-year tour of active duty he'll a igned according to
the needs of the service upon compJeti.on of BlOC.
Let'. a ume that our young man haa completed hi, two year"
active .ervice and revertedto a c:ivilia.n atatua. If he i. to
remam ..clive With the mUitary, he may participate in the USARor NG
progranu. Let'. as.ume that he elects to JOUl the USAR. There are
two USAR ..ctivitlesin which he may partlc:i~te.
The fir.t USAR .chool was organized at Allento....n.
Pennaylvania, in 1949 and the programmel with .uch aucce.a that
today there are 84 USAR .chooh with 154 Infantry DepartmenU
op'er..ting throughout the United State. (Including .chools In
France, Germany, and Hawaii). Theenrollment it about 1800 oUicera
(Figure 6).
What" a USAR school and how is it organized? A USAR achool II
run by re.erve oHicerlfor re.erve officers. The facully con. ius of
a commandant with hi. regular uaff (SI, S3, S4)ptu. a lpedal ttaif.
The .choat is organized into de~rtmenUbased on branches with an
in8lruc
12
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tor Cor each branch. A minimum of 10 students i. required to
organize a dep...rtment. Since ev-erybody involved--studenu and
instructors, ... re civilians. the material which i. prepared
Corthem must be complete to the last detail. A civilian instructor
has no library facilities, etc he can turn to--and we don't want
him to need them.
USAR NO
I II I I I
'iCHOOlS TOE TOE NGSOCUNITS UNITS COURSE
I II
STAFF TNG POI
Figure 6. USAR and NG Programs.
It's possible Cor a USAR student to spend 11 years in a l1SAR
school. Each Infantry blanchdepartment has two courses oC three
ye... r. each. The USAR Associ... te Company Cour.e paral-lels the
resident Associate Company Course ...nd the USAR Associate Advanced
Course parallelsthe resident A.sociate Advanced Course. Each year
is broken down into two phases--the activeduty Cor training and the
reserve duty phases. The reserve duty phase consi.t, of 48 hours
oCinstruction which is pre.ented in the individual's hometown. The
active duty for training phaseof 80 hours is received during a
two-week summer CillTlp which is conducted at a military post.In
addition. the Command and General Sta.!C College has a five-year
progrillTl for USAR .chools.
Let's take a look at the type of material which is prep... red
to support instruction in USARschool. Pick up problem number 4901-R
which is on your desk. A USAR problem normallyconsists of two
parts--an instructor and a student set; however, this particular
problem doesnot require any homework by the student and hence there
is no student set. Look at the heading.It contains the subject,
time allotted, type oC instruction. scope, subject schedule.
special prep-aration by the instructor (included here are aU
details or items which the resident instructor h....encountered in
the presentation of this problem and which should be passed on to
the reserve in-structor), and special preparation by the student
(the exact same study of assignment that isgiven resident
students). Note the outline of presentation. time chart, and
complete narrative.At the end of each phase of USAR school
in.truction an examination. which is prepared by theDep... rtment
of Non-Resident Instruction. is administered to each reserve
student by the USAR8chool faculty. There are two established ways
for you to obt... in these USAR problems.
The first oC these h thlOUgh the Monthly List oC Instructional
Materi...1. This publication isdiltrlbuted monthly by the Editorial
and Pictori...1 Office (formerly Publications and Visual
AidsOffice) to PMST's, senior Infantry instructors at servi
-
lenio .. advilors to National Guard and USAR units, and various
other agencies. Add ..essees areauthori~ed to receive .... ithout
cod one copy of all problems lilted therein. It Ihould be SOP
forsomeone in you .. shop to check this list clolely. ci..culate it
among inte ..elted perlonl, and thenorder vou .. free material ....
ithin 45 daYI. The number of addrelsees ....ho fail to take
advantageof this free service is turprising. The Infantry USAR
school curriculum has been conve ..ted toROClD effective .... ith
the active 'duty fo .. t ..aining phase, Ichool year 1957-58. In
acco..dance.... ith 01,1" publications Ichedule. USAR material
published from Augult 1957 on. included the
ne....organizations.
Another means of procuring thele USAR p ..oblemt is by order f
..om the Book Store. Thismethod costs you money. Please rder to
your Book Sto ..e Catalog. This catalog is still cur-..ent although
the date does not so indicate. A new edition is to be published
about 1 July. PageI containl instructions for ordering. For your
info..mation, the ROCID and ROTAO trainingtextl cannot be purchased
from the Book Department.
Wantry USAR schools receive additional luppert through
transparendel. Ipecial texu, andhandbookl ....hich a .. e provided.
plus liaison visits by personnel from the Department of
Non-Reti-dent Instruction.
Our hypothetical man whom ....e are considering could have
elected to join a USAR TOE unitwhich .. eceivel no direct support f
..om the United States Army Wantry School.
No..... instead of joining the USAR. our individual could have
joined a National Guard TOEunit organized by his home state. We
provide no Ipedal material to support NG TOE uniu;however. they may
orde ... lubject to their availability of fundi. any USAR p ..oblem
from theBook Store.
Both USAR and NG TOE units are suppo ..ted by a staff training
catalog which it prepa.. edand fo ......a ..ded to all state
adjutant generall and Reserve Corps Headquarters. This catalog
containl a recommended lht of USAR. school problems for training
Infantry Divilion and Battle .Group; Armored Division and Armored
Infant ..y battalion Itafh. This training is conducte.d du .. ing
the periods while the companies are drilling. Material is ordered
in December and shippedthe next July. AU NG material is paid for by
National Guard funds. whereat USAR units receivematerial which il
paid for by Infantry School non- ..esident instruction fundi. The
program hasbeen converted to ROCID for school year 1958-59.
The Infantry School is the sale agency which supportl the
National Guard State Officer Can-didate Program. At present, this
program is being conducted by)) statel through the operationof 4)
schools with an enrollment of 2468 studentl. The course is
supported by 21 Annexes containing 227 hours of inlt ..uction which
parallel the resident Office .. Candidate Course. Theseannexes are
used by NG officers to teach clalses. normally held on weekend I.
to National GuardOfficer Candidatel. In addition. most states
require their officer candidate I to serve in' alecond lieutenant'l
job at lumme .. camp. Thil way he il evaluated as to hil job
peTformance atwell as academic Itanding. A commhlion gained through
the NGSOCS program doe I nOl haveto be recognized by the federal
governmenl; however. it normally is when the unit is called
inlOfederallervice.
Let'. look at a typical NGSOCS problem. Pleale pick up National
Guard problem 1806. Alimitar problem il prepared for every period
of inltruction in thil program. Turn to page 1 andnote itt
Ilmilarilyto page I ofa USAR problem. Look on page 2. Here beginl
the na .. rative. JUltal in USAR probleml, each problem normally
conliltl of an inltructor let and a student let.The Itudent set
outline I the home Itudy assignment and normally containl a
preclasl require-ment. Each phale of inet ..uction il followed by
an examination which il adminiltered by the.tate and graded here at
the Infantry School by perlonnel of the De~rtment of
NonRelidentInltrucUOn. Within 48 houri after receipt of the.e
examl, they are graded. recorded, and ontheir way back to the
appropriate ltate Ichooll. NGSOC Ichoola are allo supported by
Iraniparende., Ipedal text. and Hail on vilitt.
14
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, The National Guard State Officer Candidate Course curriculum
hal been nevi8ed to includethe ne.... organi1:ationl eUective with
school year 1958-59. Material prep.ned to support thiscour.e i'
il.utomatically distributed to Comrn;l.ndantl of NGSOC schools
only. 1 will have infOI'mation copies of the National Guard State
Officer Candidate Course and USAR School Prograznlof lnuruction
available uteI' this cla lor thOle who are particul;lrly
inter~.ted.
Let', assume now that our selected individual hal grown older.
Perhap' he hal .ervedseveral yeaI'll with a USAR or NG TOE unit.
Due to hie family and bu.inelll activities, he i' nolonger able to
regularly attend meetings at the armory. However, he wanta to keep
active in themilitary ;utd to gain retirement benefitl; then we
have the tolution to hit needtparticipation inthe Army Extention
Courses Program. Army Extenllion Courlles provide a progressive
non-resident courte of military inlltruction for all components of
the Army.
AEC
IPRE COM CO GRADE ADV
Figure 7. Army Extension Course Program.
Effective 2 July 1956, the Army Extension Courlle Program was
revised from a lIeriell-type organization to a coursetype
organization. It now consittt of the- PreConunitsion Extension
Courte which is to generally parallel the resident OCS Course; the
Company Grade Extension Course: and the Advanced Extension Courlle
which parallels the resident Assodate In!antryOHicen Advanced
Course (Figure 7).
Any oHicer on active duty may enroll in any subcourse; however.
a reserve student mustcomplete the tubcourses appropriate to his
grade before enrolling in more advanced instruction.For your
information, the percentage of enrOllment by component breakll down
all follows;
56'fo NG20'1. USAR24'" Active Army (this includes all RA, USAR,
It NG personnel on active duty; ROTC
cadets, WAC's, Air Force, and Naval perllonnel.)
Please reier to the publication with the picture of a lieutenant
briefing two sergeantll on thecover. This is a typical subcourse.
This particular one happens to be In!antry lIubcourte 21and ill
prepared for instruction on the company oHicer's level. Let's
hurriedly look at it.
On page 2 is the beginning of lesson 1. NOTEat the top of the
page ill thown the AECcredit hourt, text assignment, material.
required, letson objective, and tuggelltion. to thettudent. Utually
there ill an introduction. All you leal through the lesson, you
will note thatthere are a .erie. of general and tpedal tituationt
followed by multiple choice queuions, normaUy twenty per
let.on.
15
- Turn to the bilCk page of the booklet. This i.s the answer
sheet which the nudent shouldtear oU and mail i..n upon completion
of lel.on 1. Remember th
-
During thb period we hOj.ve briefly di.eu'.ed the orgilnizat\on
and function. of the Depart-ment of Non-Resident Instruction, the
various non-re.ident progranu with their Z90, 000 stu-dents, and
the type. of non_resident in.tructional Jnaterial prepared to
.upport the.e non-re.ident program. Further, I lu.ve pointed out
the .chedule date. for converllion of non-re.identinstructional
material to the new organizations. You have been told what material
i. avAilableano how you can obtain it. the next Itep i. yours.
17
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CHAPTER 3INFANTR Y COMMUNICATIONS
Section J. lNTRODUCnON
COLONEL JULIAN H. MARTIN
On beh&1l of the olficen _d mea of the CommunicatiOft
Department. I wi.h to extend ou.rwelcome. Aad co iovitt! )'ou.
while bere. co c&11 011 any or
-
We believe Ihal if complete and reliable means of communication
are provided to the rifle com-pany, the remainder of our problem
area. will more ea.ily Cit into place.
Several communication studie. have been undertaken by the
Infantry School dUring the p .... tyear in order to improve upon
Infantry communication. Units in the field were SOlicited
forcomment, and a. a result, a formal position regarding battle
group communicationll was adoptedby the School and forwarded to
USCONARC in February 1958.
The improvements called for may be accomplished with existing
equipment, the highlightsof which are as follows: Our problem
begins with the Infantry rifle platoon (Figure 8).
RIFLE PLATOON ~~ [8]--[8]
[8]~.NY
Figure 8. Rifle Platoon Communications.
The platoon leader does not possess organic means of
communication to control hill squads. Themeans 01 communication
available to this unit have not changed very much since the dawn
01Inlantry. The need for organic means 01 communication within the
rille platoon has long beenrecognized in Airborne and Armored
Infantry units. However, the platoon leader is provided aradio to
communicate with company. The AN/PRC-6 with a limited one mile
range is providedlor tM. purpose, This radio as you know may be
hand held for operation, which ill the morecommon method used, or
it may be shoulder carried which may be more convenient, utilizing
ahandset with extension cord. This aHow. the hand. to be free since
the handsf'.l ~y be hung onthe InIantryman's pocket.
We propose to add live additional AN/PRC-6 radios to the rille
platoon in order to establishan organic platoon command net (Figure
9). This distribution would include the platoon leader.platoon
sergeant, and each .quad leader. Thill is con.idered to be an
interim measure onlypending availability 01 lighter weight
equipment. For communication back to company, the moreimproved
AN/PRC-IO radio should be provided to the platoon leader. Thi.
radio set with a lto 5 mile range would fill a more realistic range
requirement. Since it i. e entially a back
"
-
RIFLE PLATOON (PROPOSED) ~~~....~
6 6
..........~,..A06" LATSGT6
~~PANYFigure 9. Rifle Platoon COmmunicationl (Propoaed).
carried radio, a radiotelephone operator mUlt be made available
at platoon headquarter .Thi.. then would provide two radiol ilt
platoon level - the AN/PRC-IO with it. J to 5 mile
WEAPONS PLATOON &&&eBB
TO~Figure 10. Weapolu Platoon Communicationt.
ZO
-
range Cor communication with company OUld the A14/ PRC6 Cor
communicating with .quad leader.Our rine platoon communication
.yuem would then correapond more Cavorably with the Air.borne and
Armored Infantry riOe platoona. Five additionu aound powered
telephone a have ahobeen recommended Cor the rUle platoon to
complement the radio ayatem.
10 fOC
TO~~TFigure II. Weapona Platoon Commun,,;ationa (Propoaed).
The rifle company .... eapon. platoon ia In .ome....hat better
condition (Figure 10). Here IheAN/PRCIO .... ith lu 1 to S mile
range h ,aed exduaivel'l .... ithin the platoon for
communIcationbet ....een platoon headquartera. and each of the
forward obaervera. Ho....ever. Ihe A14/PRC6radio .... ith limited
one mile range ia again uaed here for communicating bar;k 10
company. Thiar;ondition may be improved upon. We propoae to provide
t ....o additional ~/PRCIO radioa tothl. unit (Figure II).
RIFLE CO~PANY
BAT GPCOMO NET
BAT GP
~~~-ee ~z - lC:JFigure iZ. Rifle Company Communication.
Z1
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This additionill diuribl,ltion would allow for an improved radio
for communicating back tocompany, and one additional set within the
platoon (or displacement of the FOe. Additional wireand radio
remote control equipment hall also been recommended lor this
platoon.
The meilnll of communication ...ilhin the rille company mus! be
considered (Figure IZI. Atthe pre.ent time the rifle company
employs nine AN/pRC-6 radios with one mile range for com-municating
in the Rille Company Command Net which in addition to the commander
includescompany headquarters. each platoon. the antitank squads and
the mortar battery forward ob-server, who provide. hi. own radio
lei for lhh purpo.u:. The one mile range of this radio, asbrought
out e;r,rlier. i. not adequate for th .. nel and muU be
subslituled. Two AN/PRC-IOradIos with 3 to ') mile ranges are
employed al the command POllt for communicallng with battlegroup.
The range of thlll equIpment IS not considered adequate for use in
a Battle Croup Net.and in order to make them e(fective. improved
stationary type antennas must be used. An addiIlonal AN/PRC-IO
radio is provided to the company commander for us", whIle
dIsmounted fromhu vehicle or on a company OP. For communicating
back to battle group. the n(le companycommander III provided a very
good 10 mile range vehicular lIet. the AN/VRC-18 which ismounted in
his 1/4-ton vehicle. ThIS lIYlltem can be .mproved (FIgure Il).
Figure I). Rifle Company CommunIcations (PrOposed).We propose to
eliminate the A>-':/PRCb one mIle range radio from u.e wlthm
the; company. andSubll,tule; Ihe Improve;d AN/PRC-IO rad,o with liS
J to ') mile range wllh,n the compilny com-mand net. ThiS chilnge
'vould be concurrent for the radio prOVIded the mortar battery
forwardobserver In add1l10n. twO utility .eu should be prov'ded at
company headquarters for added(le",.b,llly Theae sels could be used
for patrol. or relay Uiltlon. a. needed SpeakIng of re-lay. they
could be u.ed better when .et up a. automatic retranam on statton.
Automatic re-Iran.m....on can a ul greally in ,,"'tendin,g the
ranges of our rad, equ'pment when necearyWhen u.ed however. t ....o
frequencies or channels mu.t be made ava.lable and a Ipec'al
cable.Ihe retran.mi...on cable kit MKIZt>. muu be prov.ded
Per.onnel mUlt be trained to performth.1 technIque;, To gaUl ildded
range. p.artlculanly durmg defen ..ve operation Ihe 'mproved
zz
-
antenna RCZ9Z may be used at the retransmission sile. For
communication with battle group.the rifle company executive officer
should be provided with a vehicular mounted 10 mile rangeradio
similar to the rifle company commander. This is considered
essential not only to im.prove upon the Battle Group Administrative
Net. but to enable the execut.ve officer to rapidlyregain control
of the company in the event the company commander becomes a
casually and hisvehicular radio equipment is damaged or destroyed.
Time does not permit elaborate mainten-ance procedures within the
rifle company during offensive actions. The AN/PRC-IO radio,
ISagain recommended (or the commander and executive officer for
dismounted use. Improvedwire. wire recovery equ.pment. and
additional radio telephone operators have also been rec-ommended.
Now what about the battle group itself.
COMMANDNET
BATTLEGROUP
CO EXfC .-, $.3 AIR .-. ,.....V'O) rV'O) l; :~Q) I VRC I : lYRC)
r:V~Q)..~ .. 3 ,....11 r-oJ-.'
Q NCSIJV~O~~ TOOIVFigure H. Battle Group Comm;and Net.
The billde group commander, selected staff mtmbers. and all UnlU
operate In the Battle GroupCommand Nt'! with a 10 mile rllnge radiO
of one type or another (F.gure (4). The rifle c panycommanders. SZ
and 53 Air for example, are prov.ded the veh.cul;ar radiO .et
AN/VRC-18.On the other hand the banle group commander IS provided
the r;ad,o set AN/VRQJ. a port.onof whlct> he u.e. to al.o
CO"ln,un.cate wnh dlvlS.on. The executIVe off.cer. 53, and
Commo;are prOVided "mllilr .eU. This radiO net ilppears to be
adequate except that .t may be furtherrefined by prOViding the
AN/VRQ-j to the company commanders and Sl
The B;attle Group AdmlnlttriUlYe Net It a (hrrerent mailer
t.'lgure 15) Here all member.of the net iI re prOVided the ANI
PRe-1 0 r;ad.o w.th a 3 to 5 mile r;ange to communlc;ate over
the.;ame d.stances as the commilnd net. The S4 and .upply ilnd
mllllnteniince platoon le;ader are theonly members prOVided wllh ;a
10 mile range vehll::ular sel to commun.cate over the.e
dlst;ancesThiS Impo.e. iI deuded advantage In favor of the 10 m.le
range rlildio. The other stations, w.thlow powt'red equipment would
be reqUired to frequently stop lIInd .eleci Improved radiO '"el
ItIt felt that r.d,o .eou With almllar ChiHacterltllcs must be
eomployed In order 10 rendeor any rllld,onet l'ffectlYe. The net
control IUlion Itt bailie ~roup heildquarters does not actual1~'
e.'lt .n thiS
-
I
Fisure IS. Battle Group Adminin ..alive Net.
net. The radio u.ed for NCS purpose. i, one of the lour utility
AN/PRCIO radiol obtainedfrom the commUniCiltion platoon. ~d the
operator i. diverted !rom other duties. Thi, i. not
-
ERRATA SHEET
read
i, Chapter 4. change " ... J4" to read " .. 40."i. Chapter 4.
seClion J, change " ... 34'~ad " ... 40."i, Chapter 4, section II,
change ,~"" to read '~O."i, Chapter IV, section Ill, change~ROTCM
IJo::iFio
pagepagepagepage
The following changes will be incorporated in the Infantry
Instructors' Conference Report,dtd 23 _ 27 June 1958:
1. Table of Contents,2. Table of Contents,J. Table of
Contents,4. Table of Contents,
" .. ROTCM 145.30."5. Table of Contents. page i, Chapter IV,
section tIl, change " 46" to read '~"6. Table of Contents. page i,
Chapter IV, section IV, change " 49" to read '~"7. Page 52, section
Ill, line 2, change " .. Manual 130.45" to md7' ... Manual
145.30."8. Page 52, section III, line 6, change " .. ROTCM 130.45"
to read " . ROTCM 145.30."9. Page 52, section III, 1;".~ 10, change
" .. ManuaI130.45" to read " . Manual145-30."
21474 Army-Ft. Benning. Ga. 26 Aug 58 ZIZ5
-
As previously mentioned, the prOVilion of 10 mile range
AN!VRC-18 type radiol to the riflecompany executive officerl wUI
materially allilt here. The other Itationl including mortarbattery
must be provided with limUar 10 mile range equipment including the
net control stationat battle group.
At this time we would also like to introduce a recommendation
for a Battle Group SpecialPurpose Net. We believe that we are
leaning a bit too heavily upon our frequency modulated(FM) radio
equipment. With the increased need for more radio nets. a shorlage
of availableFM frequencies or channels can be safely predicted. We
have recommended that three ulilityradio teams be provided to the
battle group communications platoon. Each team would mountan
amplitude modulated (AM) radio set similar to the combat proven
AN!GRC9 or its newerequivalent. Theile type radios have about
similar range characteristici as our other radioswhen operated on
voice. but are capable of &reater ranges if needed when used on
keyed opera~tion or CW by a trained operalor. Perhaps more
important, they do not use any of the criticalFM channels Or
frequencies and may easily be removed from vehicles for ground
operation whennecessary. which is a missing characteristic in the
AM type radios we presently use to communicate with division .
.()ur other AM type sets are vehicular bound. The utility teams
thusprovided, with driver/operators would add considerable
fiexibility to Our battle group radiosystem whlln attached to long
range patrols, or special operations typified in
helicopterborneauaulu. For added flexibility, an FM radio similar
to the AN/VRC-IO may be mounted in thesame vehicle. Since one of
these teams would be required to remain at the battle group
com-mand post, the FM radio mounted in this vehicle would alao
fulfill the requirement for a netcontrol station in the Battle
Group Administrative Net. So much for radio.
A fourth wire team and more wire hall been recommended for the
communication platoon.This platoon cannot be expected to eUiciently
install, maintain and operate wi.re ci.rcuits to fourcompanies,
mortar battery, attachments and rear installations without
sufficient equipment.Although time may prevent the elaborate wire
installations to which we have grown accustomedin the past, it must
be available when needed. pending the development of a better
substitute.
A Lieutenant platoon leader h." been recommended for the
communication platoon.
Gentlemen, these are only the highlights of what we are trying
to do in order to improveupon our Infantry communications with
exilting methods and equipment.
On the battlefield of today, with its unprecedented firepower,
time will not permit the im-provilations to which we frequently
reaorted in the past.
Complete and reliable means of communications must be made
available and reflected inour tablea of organization if we desire
to take full advantage ',f the firepower and mobihty givento us
today.
Communication studies will continue in order to take complete
advantage of new develop-ments as they occur.
At this time, I will turn you over to Major McDonnell who will
cover signal communicationtrendl and developments.
Z5
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Section III. THENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN COMMUNICATIONSAND
ELECTRONIC EQUlPMENT
MAJOR PATlUCK J. Mcl>ONNI:.I.LCJliej, /tadia MllilltmulI/ce
Group, COlllmullication Departme"t
The Communication Depanment III ""tally lllt('relited In
unpro"'lng the ablllt)' of the Infantrycommander to commUnicate
With all of hili subordinate commanders and \I.-Ith hl"her
headquar-ters, During the past year many Impro...ements In the
field of command ("ontrol
-
J-
Figure 18. Radio Sct AN/PRe-H.
must be preset. It will weight approlCimately Z pounds. The
companion set is the belt radioknown as the AN/PRC-)4 (Figure 18).
It will have identical operating characteristics but wi.llhave the
capability of being mounted on the users bell. The antenna and
audio tube are fastened10 any conventional helmet by this clastic
band. The components arc housed in a small case2. by 3 by 5 inches.
Components of the bell and helmet radio will be interchangeable.
800 ofthese radios aTe scheduled for a test in early FY 59 by as
yet an unnamed dIvision of the ThirdUS Army. The AN/PRC-6 (Figure
19) will be replaced by the ANjPRC35 (Figure lO).
27
-
Figure l't. Radio Sets AN/PRC-b and AN/pRC-35.
It will weigh appro>dmateIy 8 pounris. This is an il'lcrea.e
over the origina.l rl:quirement of 4pound however. thi. i.
nece.sary to give u. what we want. It will be pouch Or sling
mounted.It will have range of I mile with a frequency range of 30.
0 me to 70. 0 mc allOWing 800 channelsof communication. This .et
has a selector knob that will allow the operator to .elect anyoneof
four frequencie. or channels which have been preset.
Z8
-
Figure lO. Radio Set AN/PRC-)S.
Figure ll. Radio Set ANfPRCZS.
"
Figure ll. Comparilon of Radio SetAN/PRe-IO ""ith ANfpRC-lS.
-
The AN/PRCl5 (Figuru II and UI will replace the AN/PRe-B, 9 ;and
10. It Will weigh;approximately 15 pound.: this i. more than Ihe
original II pO....nds that was wrluen InlO Ihe MG'"It will have a
voice range of ) 10 5 mile. by the ..... e of a lighlweight high
gain antenna equipment.Thi. 'et will have a frequency coverage of
30. a to 16. 0 mc affording 9Z0 channels of communlcation
continuou.ly tunable by the operator. Thi. i. an increa.e of lZO
channels over the $Clwhich we di.cued last year. In addition to the
receiver-transmitter, it will al.o have an auxI]'i;ary receiver
which will allow the user to monitor a second net while operating
in a primary nel,Figure II .how. the vehicular power supply that
may be ..... ed in place of the dry ballerr whenoperating the
AN/PRCZ5 or 35 in a vehicle.
.,:a::..
".'('t-'~'..
:~
. -,
Figure ZJ. Vehicle Version AN/PRCZ5.
The entire AN/GRe_l thr .... 8 sene. radiO' (Figure l4) IS to be
replaced by the AN/VRC.IZThiet will ....eigh apprOXimately 85
pound. plus or min...... The receivcr.tran.mltter (Figurel51 Will
have a voice range of ZO mIle. whlll!' Operatlnjl: on a moving
vehicle u'ln,!: a Whip antenna.Given Ihe opprtunily 10 .eJect a
.ile and uSing IJghlwel~hl 'ugh gain anlenna equlpmenl thlllrange
can be Increalled to 50 mile.. The .el has a fro:lquconcy range of
10. 0 to 16.0 mc alford-Ing 9Z0 channel. contlnuou.ly t....nilble
by the operator. ThIS .et hall 01.1'0 becon Increased Infrcoquency
range allowinS IZO ildditional channel.. For rapid frequency
chansmg any tf':n rre.quenclea/channel. may be prf':ael and
'f':h~ctf':d by uSing the ootton. In the right center or
theoperating panel. One of the marked improvemenu or thl' set IS
the ab'('nc(' of power dlStrlbution arrangements in the moun I.
ThIS mount IS merely a carrYing rack.
'0
-
F"1~ure ,24. Comparison of R..dio Sel AN/CRC_7 wllh
Recelver-Transm,lter RT-,246..nd Receiver R-44l/VRC-t2.
11
-
Figure 26. Comparilon of Radio Set AN/AP..C27 .... ith Radio Set
AN/VRC-Z...
A'il replacement lor the ground to air u.dio leI AN/Me-Z7
(Figure 261, we .... ill have theAN/VRC-Z4. The AN/VRCZ4 will have
a voice range of )0 mile. with AircraIt at 1000 feet.It wUl cover
the frequency range from 225.0 to 399.9 me allowing 1750 channel.
of communica-tion. any 20 of which may be pretet.
All of thele radiol which I have diecued will have the
capability of operating in ill retranl-mi ion .ynem: or from ill
remote pOlition. They will employ plug in type c::irculU which
arepartially tranlluorized. and will be capable of operation for
5000 houri without il mlljor repairjob. It i. anticipated that thi.
new lamily of radiOI will be ilvailable for troop i.lue in
1960.
Much work i. being done in the Held of mobility for riI.pid
di.placement of CP'. using elec-triciLl .helters in which equipment
i. installed for operation. Thi. then will reduce the timelo.t in
di.mantling and installation. Our airborne diviaion' are conducting
extensive experi-mentation in the field (Figure Z7).
In the very near future. we expect to .w:tch our rAdio caU. in
a: nner .imilar to the waywe .witch our telephone caUs today.
Thiystem III known as the AN/MRC66 and wauc-ce.alully tested at the
Electronic Proving Cround la.t December. It will iLllow telephone
typecommunication but utilldng radio Hnk equipment, while the user
i. on the move.
In the current divi.ion of the pre.ent day Held army.
communication. are furni.hed throughthe medium ol radio net.,
point-to-point radio relay. Held c.ble and wire 'ervice. Since
dis-per.ion and A hiaher dearee of mobility are con.idered a
delen.e against atomic and ma de-.truction weapon ttme is not
available lor In. tall at ion ol an adequate rield cable and wire
.y._tem. This leave. the radio nelll to carry the bulk of the
trallic. A radio net ha. the advantage
JZ
-
,FUTURE NOBIlE COAfAfI/,4/ICAT/O,v CE,wER
Figure l7. Electrical Sheltllr!ll.
of poll."ing information to II large number of u.ers
simultaneousl\', but has the disadvantage oflow volume of traffic
cilpa.b.hly per u.er which deerea'Il" lUI the number of uscrs
increase.Thl' 1nerell.e. the wailln~ lime to gain access to the
nel. Since all user. can h",ar ..l1lran.-ml'"0n, privacy of
communu:.;l.t.on' II lo.t.
An alternative to the radio net. and pOInt-la-pOInt rlld,o IS to
bnnJl, a communll:,atlon loop(rom each .ub.cnb4'.:r Into a lungle
locallon ...hc-rc the'! .ub,crlber may be ~Iched to communi-cate
with OI:her lIub.c",ber . ThiS patching facIlity i. called a
CENTRAL. If the maJorlly ofthe communU:i11l1on loop. 10 the Cenlral
are via radIO It would be called II RADIO CENTRAL.. Apoble .clUtlon
to the diVISiOn COmmUniCallons problem ap~ars 10 be an extension or
theoriginal RadiO Central concepL Th,. concept COnllil5U of a
combmallon of multichannel n.dlO(relay) systemJl, capable of bemg
JI .... llched to lIatlJlfy the "Iong lines" requlrementJl.
Thl.leav",.the problem o{ local thJllnbution, diJilanceJl of 1/4 to
5 or 10 mileJi. to radiO 3nd llhon haul.... 're. ThuJI having
1....0 kinds of radio centrals, compatible .... llh each oth.'r.
lIatul{u:ll mOSl ofthe communications problcms and inCreallCJI
mobility of the dlv,slon. A l/ol-Ton truck mayhave mounted in It
the 513-86 lIw.tchboard and the radIO relay equipment. ThiS IJI the
radiOcentral (Figure lS).
JJ
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FUTURE--
RADIO SWITCHING CENTRAL
_.
- '..... --- ~ . --'....... ..~ ..
RADIO CINTRAL~TlR"INALFigure l8. Had,/) Central.
Thl' .ubllcribcr equipment wtl1 b{' mounted In thlll manner. The
sub.cube,. UU~lI hlH equ.p-mt'nl In a manner which IS v.. ry
similar to lei II,
Whcn reCCIYln," II o:;all, the subscriber III alerted by h
bu>:t.l"r. He then observe' the con.Irol unIt Thc l.ghl
assocIated with the channel on which hC' II beln~ called Will be
f1ashln~. Ill"Iht'n pOllllOnl hil channt'l It'h'ctor SWlich 10 the
mdl
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CONVENllONAI PARIS fOR lUB[S
MICROMINIAIURE PARIS fOR IRANSISIORS
Figure Z9. Compar1!lon 01 Parts.
The entire system mcludes full duplex Oper31l0n. conference
capabllll~ controlled b)' th..cenlral station operator,
('m"''')olenc)' conventIonal netllng ,n cvent til(' C~'lllral
f;\al'on becomesinOperative, VIsual and aud,bl.., signallln.'l at
tht' subscrIber statIOn from a ("onq~ntlonal switch.board'.. t the
Central Station, eight rul1 duplex voice channels available. With
each !Iubllcrlb~rha\'lng ,1 choice of Iwo channels. automatic power
output control at sub/H'T'!.>"" station to pre-vel'll blockIng
Or dCllcnSlllJ:atlon of thl' central stat,on reCelver when located
close-In and, capa_bilIty of operation wh,le movmg.
Coupled WIth radiO f1W1IChlnj,l. UI the idea of completely
mob,lll.lng our
-
10 the [Irld of de.lro"" pil.ru il.od d .. , ..." "rt ..1 Imprtl
.." c-ou ...... kWInt: mAdt d.. II, I"Ih" upper row of f'1~urr 19.
w. .,." tleplll"d II.. p.lrl. u ... d ... ,lh lub. 1\J1C' ..
quIJlmen! ... tllll' ,nIh.,ln"'.. r ro .... w.' . !hl" .,.'(" of
th.. poi"! u"ed ""Ih trlou.tor IVp" equlp",,,nl
"~Ijl.urt' JO. IJ1tltrrlt'lJ.
f"jl.ure 30 shows Ih.. pro~r"lJlJ b,'IIIt: m1'lde In the f"'ltl
of ball.'r"...of the ('gure w.., see Ih.., SI:tmlard BA-JO
nashl'!:hl type and IU ult,mahbauery shown in Ihe rlllhi c
-
Figure 31 Com~rl.on of Sell.A more extenllve ule of lhe module
Cilln be leen In Figure 31 ....here we hnd thai many
modules are mounted on a printed CirCUli b~rd and are uled In
the c,rcu,llI of a teletypewriter.In addition 10 the reduction In
'llU', beillr In mind In.U thefe .1 .1'0 an appreciable reduction
inwC!llIhl plus I tremendoul Increale In dependability
One held of conct'rn loday to UI II 'n lhl!' lecurlty a.peen of
the data link from a drone typeequipment 10 lhf' (ontroldilta
cent.. , we now have Iht' cap.bllny of o~rattng TV, lR Photoand
Radar from. drone platrorm (Flgurl' ll). H,.,wever. wh n the
reqUired dill. II transminedfrom the drone 10 the data collecllon
il8f'ncv. there .1 il po."blhly thai Ih.. daHl link can beJammed or
altered electrically by the II!nf'my. 11.1 toward th~ I~curlly of
thll data link that
w~ ar~ pornllng.
We find that much 1n"'~ltlllation II b~lnR don~ In the field of
new typ~ power lupphel. W~all r~/lhJ:e that our pott'nlull ~n~my
h.1 the Cllp"-blhty 10 dt'lect the .ound lind heat thoU II
emittedfrom our prelent nOlly. hot. ~t'nt'rator eqUipment
Tht'reror~. In order to aVOid dt'lt'ction it11 ablolutely ellenllal
thoU we find lome lylX' of power lource that neither makel nOlle
noremlll heat We are looking ror a 111enl power lupply
17
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...
...
...
TV IRRADAR t
PU'OTO
\\ -~ ..".,.
~..,(.....~
~.. ...
\ ...\ ...\ ...\ ......\ ...\ ...\ ~"''':'''''''';'''''''\
\\
CONTROL
DATA~.
WIT"AI RBORN E S.URVEI LLANCE
DRONE
Figure JZ. Airborne Survl-Illanee.
The baltle group commander and slaff ofhcers of lomorrow will
have (Fi~ure 3Jl autom311Cdata processing (acllzllell whIch will
record, IItore, compute, and tabulate an unhe\levableamount of
Information. Included will be Intelligence Infor-mallOn, patrol
Informat,on, route re-connaissance data, logistlC:al data,
peraoonel ro::cords, ammUl1l110n reqUirements, yes. evenweapons
selecllon information. All at electronIc apecds.
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(TOC MOBlOlC )
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CHAPTER 4INFANTR Y WEAPONS
Section l. INTRODUCTION
COLONEL MARCUS W. ADAMS
Deputy Director, Weapons Department
On behalf of Colonel Samuel T. McDowell, Director of the Weapons
Department, 1 ampleased to welcome you to the Weapons Department
portion of the Infantry Instructors' ConIer_ence.
This morning we shall present to you weapons subjects which we
believe are timely andinteresting. All are new. Some subjects
include changes recently adopted by Department ofArmy while others
represent only trends of thought and areas of study by the Weapons
Depart-ment. We shall differentiate between established doctrine
and developmental studies as we goalong.
TRAJNFIRE I ranges are in the process of construction. We have
stopped construction longenough to show you the.e ranges however.
since we want 10 demonstrate. at lea.t in part, theirmanner of
operation.
The first speaker thi, morning will be Captain Semmens who will
di.cus. TRAlNFIRE I.
Section II. TRAlNFLRE 1
CAPTAIN JAMES R. SEMMENS and CAPTAIN ALLAN A. I3UERGIN
instructors, Rifle CommitteeCAPTAIN SEMMENS
Your first two hours will concern TRAlNFIRE I, the newly adopted
individual marksmanshipCOurSe. You will have an opportunity to lIee
each phase of the program in operation on actualTRAINFIR I range
.
But first, let UII look at the events leading up to what is
considered by many, one of themon radical change8 in training
techniques in some time.
Le than 100 years ago the American frontiersman was known around
the world for his ex-pert mark8manship and skilled wood8manllhip.
However, a. the frontiers dIsappeared thisnational trait began to
lose prominence also.
Recognizing the value of this disappearing art, efforts were
made to I rain mark.men. Sincethe criterion {or a.signment to a
.harpllhooter regiment during the Civil War was plaCIng 20
con_.eCIH,Ve shots in a LO_inch circle at 200 yards, training was
directed IowaI'd this objective,hence the familiar bull's_eye.
Analyzed in the light of battlefield conditions, the
bull'.-eye,silhouetted on the bull. at a known range, Wil8 not
realistic. Tran.ition {iring with ill 2 roundsand 30 .econd.
allowed for each clearly vi.ible target did not develop a combat
rifleman. Inaddition, the long hour. of dry {iring on PRJ circle.
and larget pulling in the pit. tended 10 re-duce the effectivene.s
of the training. Soldier. were not trained well enough in the use
of theirweapons, and in addition, since they lacked confidence in
themselves and their weapons, Iheydid no! [ire at aJi on many
occa.ione in combat. Report. from World War JI and Korea
indicatedthat our mark.man.hip program left much to be de.ired.
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The United States Army Infantry Human Research Unit at Fort
Benning wa. directed to re.earch the problem and come up with a new
mark. mans hip course of instruction. Thi. researchconsillted 01
the interviewing 01 thousand. 01 combat veterans from World War U
and Korea. Inaddition, alter action reports from both conIlicts
were carefully .tudied.
This research resulted in the Iormulation of certain premises
upon which the new cour.ewould be based. These premises described
the battlefield and the targets thereon as they appearto the
centbat rineman. These premises are:
Thill mollt baulefield targeu con.i.t of a number of men or
objecu linear in nature butirregularly spaced along tree lines,
hedge rows or other objects which will provide cover
andconcealment.
That these targets would rarely be visible except in the close
assault.
That normally, the range to a combat target will not exceed 300
meters.
That these targets can be detected by smoke, nash, dust, noise
and movement and areusually seen only in a Ileeting manner.
That these targets can be engaged by using a nearby object as a
reference point.
That the selection of an accurate aiming point in elevation is
difficult because of the lowoutline and obscurity of the
target.
That this problem is further complicated by our present
>:eroing technique, that is, usinga 6 o'clock hold to hit the
center of the bull's-eye.
That battlefield conditions will rarely permit or require the
use of a windage adjustment.
That the nature of the terrain, the target and the defensive
requirement for digging in,often precludes the use of the prone
position but favors such supported positions as the standingfoxhole
and the kneeling supported position.
With these premises in mind, the de.ired objectives of a new
marksmanship cou ... e wereapparent:
To instill in the individual soldier the will and confidence to
destroy the enemy.
To develop the soldier'! skill in detecting combat type
targets.
To improve the loldier's skill in hitting these targets once
they have been detected.
The TRAlNFIRE I Marksmanship COUr!e accomplilhes this in 18
hours (Figure 34).
Two hours are devoted to an orientation period, four hou ... to
mechanical training, and Z6hours are given to preparatory
marksmanship training and ZS meter firing. You will notice thatmete
... are used rather than yards or inches. Thil is consilIent with a
recent Department ofArmy directive changing all range distances to
the metric system. Four hours are devoted tobattle sight zeroing
and 18 hours to fiel": flring. Sixteen hours are given to target
detection train-ing and it requires eight hourl! to fire the record
course. This is a savings in training lime ofeight hOUr! over the
Known Distance Marksmanship Course of 86 hour!.
The two_hour orientation period il designed to motivate the
soldier toward accomplishingthe three objectives of the cOurse.
During this period he is oriented on the history and importance
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TRAINFIRE I
RIFLE MARKSMANSHIP COURSE
SUBJECT
ORIENTATION _ .MEeHAN ICAl TNG . . . . . . . . . . .
.PREPARATORY MKMNSHIP TNG & 25M FIRINGBAnLESIGHT ZEROINGFIELD
FIRINGTARGET DETECTIONRECORD COURSE ..
TOTAL
Figure 34. TRAlNFlRE I RiOe Marksmanship Course.
HOURS
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18I.8
78
of the rifleman. He is taught basic nomenclature, how to load.
Cire and unload his weaj>On, andhe ill lIhown two training
(ilms: "This is the Infantry," and "Infantry Weapons and Their
Effects."
&&&\ &,. &300 ... -( METERS
175 METERS
~i .25METERS RANGE 75MET RS
) .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ,. I 2 3 I 2 3 33 34 35
Figure 35. TRAINFIRE I Z5-Meler Range.
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Immediately following this orientation period, the soldier is
taken to the Z5_meter range(Figure 35) to begin his preparatory
marksmanship training. During thill four_hour period hewill be
required to fire an early firing exercise for familiarization.
However, before going onthe firing line he observes an antifear
demonstration. Here a trained rifleman fires the riflefrom the
groin, stomach and chin. The purpose of this demonstration is to
show the soldier thathe has nothing to fear from the recoil of the
weapon and can thus devote all his attention to prop_er sighting
and aiming. trigger control. and a good steady position. After a
brief explanationon sighting and aiming, trigger control and the
prone position, he fires one 3-round shot group.He then observes
the eective shooting of a trained rifleman. By comparing his
ability withthat of the trained rifleman, the soldier sees the need
for training as well as its validity.
Following this early firing period the soldier returns to the
classroom to receive his instruc_tion in mechanical training. This
four-hour block is essentially the same period of instruction
aspresented in the known distance marksmanship course. The major
difference is in its sequenceof presentation. It has been found
that a soldier is more interested in learning the functioningand
care and cleaning of his rifle, after he has fired it.
Following this period the soldier returns to the ZS_meter range
to continue with his prepara_tory marksmanship training. The
Z5-meter range is similar to the familiar 1000-inch range ex_cept
that stumps and foxholes have been added to the firing line. This
is to facilitate the instruc_tion and practical work in firing from
supported positions as well as unsupported positions. Asupported
position is one of standard positions as outlined in FM Z3_5
adapted to some type ofsupport such as a stump or a foxhole.
Reports from combat indicated that most firing is donefrom some
sort of supported pOllition. Consequently bOor. of all firing in
TRAlNFIRE I is sup-ported firing. The soldier ill taught to ire
without a sling and he wears his combat pack andsteel hellnet
throughout all preparatory marksmanship practice firing and on the
record course.
The purpose of preparatory marksmanship is to have the trainee
achieve a tight shot groupin each position learned. To accomplish
this. TRAlNFIRE I utilizes the "whole" method ofteaching. Instead
of teaching the soldier all the steps of marksmanship separately
and then hav_ing him attempt to combine these steps on the range,
shooting is taught as an integrated act.The soldier fires from each
position as soon as it has been explained and demonstrated. He
istold that the integrated act of shooting is composed of two
components. sighting and aiming andthe steady hold.
Figure 3b. "One-Half Bull's-Eye" Target (TRAlNFIRE Il.
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Th.This
Let's take a closer look at these two componenU: Sighting and
aiming procedures remainunchanged with one exception. In order to
eliminate the 6 o'clock hold and thus have the point of'lim and
intended point of impact to coincide, the onehaU bllll's-eye target
is u8ed (Figure 36).The small cutout section h to prevent the
edging of the front sight blade into the black and pre_sent a more
accurate aiming point. The one_hall bull's-eye t'lrget requires a
revision in thesight picture model. This is easily accomplished by
simply cutting the standard bull in hall.Sight alignment remains
the same and retains its importance. The sight picture is
completedwhen the one_hall bull'seye is placed on top of the front
sight blade. As belore, the last focusof the eye is on the (ront
sight blade and consequently the target becomes ha7'y. To give
thesoldier practice in sighting and aiming and to insure hh
understanding of the subject the 3dsighting and aiming exercise is
utilized for practical work. In this exercise one soldier
placeshimsell behind the rifle and the other sits on the aiming
box. Motioning with his hand the lireradjusts the target held by
the marker. When the lirer indicates that correct sight picture
hasbeen obtained, the marker inseru his pencil through the hole in
the center of the bllli and m~esa dot. The exercise is repeated 3
times and the reslllting dots should form a triangle which canbe
covered with the unsharpened end of a pencil.
In the second component, there are 8 factors which must be
present in a firing position toproduce a steady hold. These factors
apply to all positions; however, the method in which theyare
achieved may diller slightly from posHion to position. Steady hold
factors are lilted below:
Left Arm and HandButt of stock in pocket of sholllde rG rip of
Right HandSpot WeldRight ElbowBreathingRelaxationTrigger
Control.
The practical work for the steady hold is called the "tin disc
exercise." Thh exercise pre-cedes the live firing in each position.
The lirer geU into the prescribed position and closes hisbolt on an
empty chamber. The coach places a small tin disc on the barrel
forward of the fronteight. The firer then attempts to lire without
dislodging the disc. An exceptionally lItrong ham_mer spring may
cause the disc to (aU but if the steady hold is applied correctly
the disc shouldfall to the front.
Having completed the practical work, the soldier is ready to
begin firing. Thus (ar he hascompleted 13 hours of instruction:
Period I, Orientation; Period Z, Early Firing; Period 3,Mechanical
Training. and the first three hours o( Period 4, The Integrated Act
of Shooting.remaining three hours of Period 4 are devoted to firing
18 rounds from the prone position.(iring is conducted on the
Z5meter range and requires one point per two students.
In Periods 5 and 6 the soldier receives his position training.
He spends eight houra liringfrom eight positions, two 3 round shot
groups in each. Each position is explained and demon_strated before
practical work begins. An effort is made to teach positions from a
standpoint oftheir appropriate use based on their advantages and
limitations. For example. the prone posi_tion gives maximum support
but minimum visibility. The slanding position is the least
steadybut offers the maximU1T\ visibility and speed of
assumption.
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