1953 Instructions for Lionel Trains and Accessories

UsefulCDs UsefulCDsTABLEOF CONTENTS PARTONEMULTIPLETRAINOPERATIONPaae29 Howt oOper at eYourFi r st LionelOutfif OneLoopwithI nsulatedBlocks - PreservingReversingwi th I nsulatedBlocks - SeparateI nsulatedLoops - TypicalLay- outsforMultipleTrainOperation *WORKINGWI THLIONELTRACKPage34 HOWTOASSEMBLEYOURLAYOUT LionelTrackSizes - HowtoMakeShorterSections -Lionel TrackPliers - I nsulatedTrackSections - HowtoUseIn- sul atedTrackSections CheckYourEquipment- J ointheTrackSections- Attach LockontoTrack- ConnectLockontoTransformer- Which Transformer PoststoUse- ShortCircuits- CheckingTrouble SDOtS HOWTOOPERATETHETRAINPage6 RegulatingTrainSpeed- ReversingtheLocomotive- How toDisconnectReversingMechanism- SoundingtheWhistle orHorn- OperationoftheHorn- "Magne-Traction"Locomo- tives- Lionel"Smoke"Locomotives- HowtoTakeCareof SmokeLocomotives- CouplingandUncoupling AUTOMATICOPERATINGCARSPage9 CarsUsingContactSliders- Plunger-OperatedCars- No. 3520RotatingSearchlightCar- No.3656Operati ng StockCar PARTTWO Model Rai l r oadAccessoryEquipment SPECIALINSTALLATIONSANDCONTROLSPage37 FixedVoltageforRemoteControlSections-UseofNo.167 WhistleController Page38ABOUTYOURPOWERSUPPLY AlternatingandDirectCurrent- WhataTransformerDoes - WhatCausesVoltageDrop- UsingAuxiliaryLockons- CircuitswithCommon"Ground"- TransformerRating- AboutWattage- PowerRequirementsofLionelEquipment - HowtoEstimateAvai l abl ePower- HowtoConnect Transformersi n"Parallel" PARTTHREE Howt oBuildaModel Rai l r oad .. .Page,2 HOWTOPLANANDBUILDAMODELRAILROADPage43 Pl anni ngtheLayout - HowtoBuildPlatforms - Building Grcdes - AchievingRealismbyLandscaping - Planningfor theFuture ILLUMINATEDNON-OPERATINGEQUIPMENT WhatVoltagestoUse- No.394RotatingBeacon- Howto ConnectAccessoriesin"Parallel" AUTOMATICSIGNALLINGPage15 I nstalling145Cand153CContactors- No.252CrossingGate - No.151Semaphore- No.145Gateman- No.153Block Si gnal- No.445Switch Tower- No.154CrossingSignal- No.450Si gnal Bridge OPERATINGACCESSORIESPage20 No.132AutomaticPassengerStation -No.497CoalingStation -No.456CoalRampSet-No.364LumberLoader-No. 397CoalLoader-No.125WhistlingStation-No.455Oil Derrick - No.356FreightStation - No.362BarrelLoader INSTALLATIONOFAUTOMATICSWITCHESPage27 No.022Switches - OtherUsesofNon-DerailingMechanism- ControllingSi gnal swithNon-DerailingMechanism - No.1122 Switches for"027"Track INTERESTINGLAYOUTSPage47 LayoutsPl annedforExpansion -AutomaticTrainOperation -- Runninga Railroad PARTFOUR Howt oTakeCar eof LionelEquipmen+ WHATYOUCANDOYOURSELFPage51 Cl eani ng YourEquipment - LubricatingLionel Trains - Where NottoLubricate- WheretoUseLionelLubricant- Whereto UseOil- LubricatingCarTrucks- TheTrainWhistle- ReplacingHeadlightLamps- HowtoCl eanMotors- Motor TroubleShooting LIONELAUTHORIZEDSERVICESTATIONSPage55 UsefulCDsHOWTOASSEMBLEANDOkERATE YOURFIRSTLIONELOUTFIT CheckYourEquipment Bythetimeyoureadthi syouhaveprobablyalready unpackedand examined your Lioneloutfit.It'sa goodidea to save the boxesandthe corrugatedboardpacking.They havebeencarefullydesigned to protectthe equipmentand willcome i n handy for storing or transportingyou outfit. Checkyourequipmenttoseethatnothingismissing. Astandard Lioneltrai noutfitincludesthe following : Locomotive(ei ther steam-typeor diesel) Locomotivetender(wi th steam-typelocomotives) 3to5cars(ei ther frei ghtorpassenger) 8sections ofcurved track 1 remotecontroltrackset 1 to7sections ofstrai ght track Eottle ofSmokePellets(wi th smokelocomotives) Tube ofLionel lubricant 1 tracklockon I n addition, all "027"outfits include a transformerwhich is packedwiththe necessaryconnecting mires. Examine the equipment to see that i t is in good condition. Spin all the carwheelsto seethat theyturnfreely.Put a very small dab ofLionel lubricant onthe ends ofthe axles. I fyourlocomotiveisoneofthosewherethemotorcan beseenfrom theside(see sketchonpage5 2 ) ,youshould lubricate the ends ofthe armature shaft before yourun the locomotive. Your outfit may have been stored on the dealer's shelves for several months and the lubricantputoninthe factorymayhavebeenabsorbedbythewrappingpaper. ThoseLionellocomotiveswherethemotori sconcealed havealargelubricantreservoirwhichisfilledatthe factory and doesnotrequire any attention for a longtime. Page2 IPush t hepi ns of one t racksect i ont i ght l y i ntot her ai l openi ngs of t henext secti on. I Joi nt heTr ackSections The track shouldfi t togethertightlyfor goodelectrical contact.I f the rail openings have beendistorted or enlarged either through long use or accident they should be reshaped byusingLionelTrackPliers, as described on page35.OneRemoteControlTrackSet, usedfor uncoupling and operating cars, is suppliedwitheachoutfit. As many addi- tionalsetsasyoulikecanbeusedinalayout.Remote ControlTracksectionsareassembledlikeanyordinary strai ght section. CONTROLRAILS,ELECTRO-MAGNET No. 6019FOR" 027" TRACK UCSFOR" 0TRACK CONTROLLER " Cl eanandLubri cat eYourEquipment" UsefulCDsTheamount of track supplied with a stand- ard Lionel outfit wi l lmake a simpleovol layout.The Remote Control Section goes anthesideoftheoval,preferablybe- tweentwoordinarystroiahtsections. \ \ \ 1 1 1REMOTE CONTROL TRACKSET At t acht heLockont oTr ack Aftertrackisassembled,attacha lockontooneofthe strai ghttracksections.Lockonsareusedforconnecting mires from the track to the transformer. One CTC Lockon i s supplied witheachoutfit.To dress upyour outfit youcan 1 LTC ILLUMINATED I Ioutside rail.] useLTCIlluminatedLockonsavailableat yourdealer. Insulatedconnectingwires,orleads,aresuppliedcoiled f or convenience.Youcanstraightenthemoutifyoulike. Before making connections remove the insulating covering. Trickherei s nottocut thewire.Wrapthewire aroundyourindexfinger. Restthewireonasolid surface.Place a dull knife bladefirmlyonthewire. Pullthewiretowardyou. Connect Lockont o Transf ormer 1.Wrapwire around post. "WipeYourTrack Regularly"Page3 UsefulCDsHOWTOCONNECTTRANSFORMERSTOTRACK Uposts arecon- nect edi nt er nal l y sot hot ei t herU postcanbe used. U 1033TOPRWBACKKWBACK I n simplelayouts the orderofthe two wiresconnecting thetransformertothelockondoesnotmatter.However, ifyouare going to use insulated track blocksor accessories requiringafixedvoltageconnection,suchasNo.022 Switches,No.456CoalRamp or No.3656Corral Platform, start by wiring the transformer to trackexactlyas shown. For further informationabout Lioneltransformers see the Page4 Al l fourUpost s areconnectedi n- t ernal l y,sot hatanyo f themcan be used. 1 Both A post sar tconnectedi nt ernal - l ysot hat ei t hero fII LZWBACKTWBACK sectiononPowerSupplyandthedetailedinstruction sheetfurnishedwitheachtransformer. I nsomecasesyoumayfindthatthewiringdirections giveninthe instructionleaflets differsomewhatfromthe diagramsinthisbooklet.ThisisbecauseinmanyLionel transformersseveraldifferentcombinationsofoutputter- minalswillgivethe voltagerequiredfor operatingtrains. Cl eanandl ubr i cat eYourEquipment UsefulCDsPl aceTr ai nont heTr ack Placethelocomotiveand tenderonthetrackandjoin themwiththelocomotive cars byraising the end ofthe car and engaging the couplers by hand.Trai n can be assem- bledmost easily on a straight portionofthetrack.After placing a locomotive or car on thetrackrollitbackand forthtomakesurethatall the wheels are properlyset on therails.Ifnot,theymay touchthecenterrailand 1causea"shortcircuit"so thatthe trai nwon'trun. 1 - -Short Ci rcui t s Most troubles in running an electric trai n are due to short circuits causedbya derailed wheeltouching the center rail. A"shortcircuit"is aconditionwheretheelectriccurrent by-passesthe motor or other device i t is supposed to operate and flows to the outsiderail whichi s connecteddirectly to thetransformer.Whenashortcircuitoccursthetrain stops, the lights dim or go out altogether;the transformer overheats and, ifunprotected,willburnout. Toprotectthemfromoverheatinganddamagedueto shortcircuitsmostLioneltransformersare equippedwith built-in circuit breakers. Afew seconds after a short circuit occurs,thecircuitbreakeropensandcutsofftheoutput ofthe transformer.Afterashort time the circuitbreaker closesautomaticallybutwillreopenalmostimmediatelyif the short circuitstillexists. LioneltransformersRW,KW andZWare alsoequippedwithredwarninglightswhich flash onwhenever a circuit breakeroperates. "WipeYourTrackRegularly" CheckTheseTroubl eSpots Aderailedcartruck.Iftrouble persistsremoveallcarsandloco- motive from the track.Then look for: Nails,screws,tinsel,etc.across thetrack.Sometimesa"magne- traction"locomotivewillpickupa smallironobject andholdit to the trackfromunderneath. Long wireendsconnectedto the twolockonclipstouchingeach other. Abarewiretouchingtwobind- ingpostsofatransformeroran accessorypieceofequipment. Broken or displaced insulationbe- tween center rail and tracktie.This maysometimesbe difficultto find. Ifnecessarycheckeachtracksec- tionseparately. Page 5 UsefulCDsHOWTQOPERATETHETRAIN Regul ati ngTr ai nSpeed The speed of the trai n is regulated by moving the voltage controlonthetransformerpanel.Thehigherthevoltage the greaterthe speed. MostLionel transformers provideat least two different variable voltage ranges. The lower range isforlighttrai ns;thehigherrangeforheaviertrains. Reversing+hel ocomot i ve Lionel locomotives can be stopped and reversedby reniofe cont7.d.The reversingmechanism,knownas the E-Unit,is insidethelocomotive.I tisoperatedbymomentaryinter- ruptionsofcurrent to the locomotive.This canbedoneby operatingthe Direction control on the transformer or by turning the voltage control to Off.(Accidental shorting ofthe track, loohe connectingwires, missingtrackpinsor dirty track willalso causeE-Unitto operate.) The E-Unit has three positions which operate in sequence: Forward, Stop. Eeverse, Stop, etc. The Stop 01- Neutral posi- tionis necessaryto halt the control OSCE to stop, and T HQW+oDisconnectt heReversingMechanism TheE-Unitcanbedisconnectedbymovingthe%Unit, lever to its OFF position. With thi s mechanism disconnected thelocomotivewillnotreverseitsdirectionafterbeins stopped, but will resume running in the same direction.The E-Unit should he disconnectedwhenyouhave an automatic station, an operating bridge or insulatedtrackblocks. V h e u t i i c l ocomo Todi s c o mc c t E-Uwit : 1.Startthelocomotivegoinginthedesireddirection. 2.Stop i t with your hand oi- by turni ng offtrack power. (Do notoperatetheDirectioncontrol.) 3.Movethe E-UnitlevertoOFF. Page6 No f e :If the E-Unit is disconnected while i t is in Neutral position,the locomotive willnotrun at all. Also, becausei t isoperatedpartlybygravitytheE-Unitwillnotwork urouerlv if the locomotive i s held on i ts side 01- upside down. Locati on~fE-UnitLever Inmoststeam-typelocomotives E-Unit leveri sontop of the boiler, backofthesmokestackorbehind thesanddome.In1953theone exceptioni sLocomotiveNo. 1130 wheretheleverisonthebottom, underthecab. On 0 twin dieselsbuilt in1953 theE-Unitleveri s onthebottom ofthepowercar.Forwardi s OFF position.BackisON.I On 027 twindieselstheE-Unit lever i son the bottom of the power section,backofthehornbattery cover.Towardthecoverscrewi sON position.Awayfromit isOFF. I ON) \OFF ION Cl eanandLubri caf eYourEquipment UsefulCDsSoundingt heWhi st l eor Hor n Followingactual railroadingpracticemostLionelsteam- typetrai nsareequippedwithatwo-tonewhistle.The diesel types contain a warning horn. The whistle mechanism is mountedinthe locomotivetender.Boththewhistleand the horn can be sounded anywhere on the track by operating the whistlecontroller builtinto mostmodernLioneltrans- formers.Ifyourtransformerdoesnothaveabuilt-in whistlecontroller,aseparateNo.167 WhistleController mustbeused.(See page37) Not e:Lionelremote control horn and whistle can be used onlywithalternatingcuwent havingafrequency ofmore than40cycles.Whenlinefrequencyislessthan40cycles (some parts ofCanada and some communities in the United Statesuse25-cyclepowerlines)the whistleandhornwi!l soundcontinuouslyandshouldthereforebedisconnected. Oper at i onoft heHor n Thepowerforoperatingthewhistlei ssuppliedbythe track, butthe warninghornsuseaflashlightcellsupplied with the locomotive. Wheni t is worn out i t can bereplaced byanystandardsizeDflashlightcell.Youcanuseany good nationally-advertised dry cell but dry cells ofthe leak- prooftypeare best. I 1 Illustrationaboveshowsthelocationof thedrycellusedfor thediesel horns.Screw A holdsthedrycellcover. ScrewBholdsthelocomotivebody. Thehornwillsoundwheneverthecarcontainingitis tiltedorheldupsidedownbecausei nthesepositionsthe relaywillclosethroughi tsownweight.Forthi sreason take out the flashlight cell whenever the locomotiveis to be transported.To prevent possible damage due to leakage the cellshouldalsoberemovedwhenthelocomotivei s stored away, particularly ifthe storage place i s damp or unheated. Magne-Tract i on *Locomotives Magne-TractionisaLionelpatenteddevelopment whereby magnetic force i s supplied to the locomotive wheels bymeansofapowerfulA41nico magnet,to enable the loco- motiveto climbsteep grades and to pullheavy loadswith- outslipping onthe track. Eecarefulnottoletpins,paperclips,carpettacksor otherloosesmallironobjectscomeincontactwiththe wheels, gears or axles becausethey may jam up the locomo- tive mechanism. To obtain the benefit ofMagne-Traction use only steel rails. Magnetism is not effective on aluminum or brassrails. Not e: I n1953 allLionellocomotiveswiththeexception ofNos. 1130 and 2026 are equipped with Magne-Traction. * RegisteredintheUnitedStatesPatentOffice II ThesketchaboveillustrateshowMagne-Tractionisachievedinmodern Lionellocomotives.Ontheleftthemagnetisplacednexttothewheels.On therightitisinsertedintotheaxleitself. Wi peYour Tr ackRegularly Page7 UsefulCDsLionel Smoke Locomotives MostLionelsteam-typelocomotivesare equippedwitha smoke generator which produces odorless, realistic smoke. Dropa smokepelletinto the locomotivestackandturnon the track power.I n afew secondsthe heaterinthe smoke generatormelts the pelletandsmokerisesfrom the stack. The locomotive willpuffonly when the wheelsare turning. I ISMOKEPELLETS IIUseonlyLionelSPSmokePellets.Anyothermaterial may damage the heating element in the smoke generator. Forbest resultsuseup onepelletbefore droppingin another.Too many pellets will actually decrease the smoke. SP Smoke Pelletshave been rigorously tested by recog- nizedtestinglaboratories.Theyareabsolutelyharmless. even if accidentallyswallowedby asmallchild. How t oTakeCar eofSmokeLocomotives After thelocomotivehasbeenusedforawhileitmay produce less smoke than i t did at first. This may be caused bysmokematerialcloggingupthestack, orthesmallai r openinginside the generator.Cleanout the stack,increase thetrackpowerslightlyandletthelocomotivestandin neutralforafewminutes.Thistreatmentwillmeltthe smokematerial.Thenliftthelocomotiveslightlytoallow the wheelsto turnrapidly.Aftera fewminutesthe loco- motivewillpuffas wellas ever. Page8 Coupl i ngandUncoupling AllstandardLionelcarsandtendersare equippedwith remotecontroloperatingknucklecouplers.Opencouplers areclosedmechanically,simplybypushingtwomating couplers togetheruntiltheir knucklescloseandlatch.This operation canbedonealong anystrai ght portionoftrack providedthatat leastoneofthe matingcouplersi sopen. Closedcouplersare openedonaRemoteControlTrack. TwotypesofcouplersareusedbyLionel:magnetic andelectro-magnetic.Most1953carshavemagnetic couplers,illustratedbelow.Toopenamagneticcoupler movethecartotheRemoteControlSectionsothatthe truckyouwishopenedisoverthecentralelectro-magnet. ThenpushtheUncouplebutton. Diesellocomotivesandsomeofthelongercarsare equippedwithelectro-magneticcouplers.Toopenthese movethe carorlocomotivetothe RemoteControlSection so thatthesliding shoeconnectedtothe couplerridesup on the control rail.Then push the Uncouplebutton. No t e : PreviouslymadeRCSandNo.1019RemoteCon- trolSectionshavenocentralelectro-magnetandwillnot openmagneticcouplers. COUPLERPLUNGER , IRONCORE Illustrationontheleftshowsthemechanismofamagneticcoupler.The illustrationontherightshowsanelectro-magneticcoupler. Cl eanandLubri cat eYourEquipment UsefulCDsAUTOMATICOPERATINGCARS ManyLioneltrai noutfits containautomaticcars which are unloadedor otherwise operated bymeans ofthe remote controltrack. Car UsingCont act Sl i ders The mechanism ofmost unloadingcars, such as the Milk CarandtheCoalandLumberDumpCars,ispoweredby an electricalcoil,orsolenoid,whichgetscurrentfrom the track throughthe twosliding contactshoesonthe bottom ofthecar.Tooperatesuchcarspositionthemonthe remotecontrolsectionsothatbothcontactshoesreston the controlrails.ThenpushtheUNLOADbutton. No t e : No.6009uncouplingsectionsuppliedwithLionel trai noutfitsNos.1500 and1501s willnotunloadcarsof this type. REMOTECONTROLTRACK SLIDERSHOESPOSITIONED ONCONTROLRAILS AnAutomaticDumpCar PositionedforUnloading Wi peYourTr ackRegul arl yNo.3472Aut omat i cMi l kCarI nstalltheunloadingplatformprovidedwiththeMilk Carnextto aremotecontroltracksection.Theheightof the platform i s adjustablefor 0and027track.When usedwith0trackthe floorofthe platformisinserted into the top Aslots in the frame; whenusedwith027 track bottomslotsBshouldbeused.Simply pullout the platformandinserti t into the properslotsandthe corre- sponding notches on the track side ofthe framework. Theminiaturemilkcansfurnishedwiththecarare loadedthroughthehatchintheroof.Donottrytoload any morethan7cans into the car.PressUnloadbutton to unloadcans.Adjust track voltageuntil milkmanunloads thecansvigorouslybutwithoutknockingthemover. Page 9 UsefulCDs/ PLUNGERPOSITIONED OVERELECTRO-MAGNET Not e t hat t hi scari soperatedbyt he UN- COUPLEbutton.Tomovet hemanback i nt ocarsl i det hedoorshutbyhand. Pl unger-Qperat edCar s Operatingcarssuchas theAnimatedBoxCarandthe Rotating Searchlight Car donotmake an electricalcontact with the controlrails.I nstead, their mechanismis operated by an iron plunger, or armature, projecting from the bottom ofthecar.Tooperatethesecarspositionthemonthe remotecontrolsectionso thatthe plungerisdirectlyover theelectro-magnet ; thenpresstheUNCOUPLEbutton ofthe controller.Cars ofthis type canbeoperated byRe- moteControlSectionsUCS,6019and6009. No.3520Rot at i ngsear chl i ght CarThe3520SearchlightCarisequippedwitha lightand arotatingsearchlighthousingwhichare switchedoffand on by the UNCOUPLE button ofthe remote controltrack Paae10 set.Thisoperationcanbedone either while the car is standing still with i ts armature directly overthe trackelectro-magnetor whilei t is in motionoverit. Therotatinghousingofthe SearchlightCarispackedsepa- rately and must bemounted on the carasshownontheright.The rotationofthehousingisaccom- plishedbythedrivingcoilanda driving washer cementedinside the rotatinghousing.Donotremove the washer or the rotating housing d l notoperate properly. .ROTATING HOUSING ARMATUREPOSITIONED OVERELECTRO-MAGNE / REMOTE CONTROL TRACK UCSOR No.6019 Not e t hat searchl i ght i sswi t ched onandof f byUNCOUPLEbutton. Cl eanandl ubr i cat eYourEquipment UsefulCDsNo. 3656Oper at i ngStockCarThis car does not use the regular remote control track but is operated bymeansofcontacts builtinto i ts corral plat- form base.The platform is assembledto astrai ght portion ofthe track(either0or 027track maybeused)and is wired to a No. 364C controller. The power can be obtained either from the track, by means ofa lockon, or directly from fixedvoltageDostonthetransformer. INSULATED BINDINGPOST 364CCONTROLLER BOTTOM VIEW INSULATED BINDINGPOS OLTAGEPOSIS 364CCONTIOLLER BOTIOMVIEW The wiringdiagramsaboveshowtwoalternatemethods forhookingupthecorralplatform.Inordertousefixed voltagemethodontheri ghtthetransformermust,be connectedto the trackas shownonpage4. Aftertheplatformisproperlyassembled,lineuz)the miniaturecattle in any desired corral passage,positionthe caraccurately i n front ofthe platformandpressthe con- trollerbutton.ThecardoorswillriseandthevibratinK platformfloorwillcausethecattletomoveintothecar. Wi peYourTrackRegul arl yOperatingStockCarPositionedattheCorralPlatform.Note that theCarMustBeAccuratelyAlignedwiththePlatformEnds. I fsliding dooronthe oppositeside ofthe car i s closedthe cattle will remain in the car. I f open cattle will pass through. Xote that the base ofthe min- i aturecattleisequippedwith tinyprojections,orfingers. Theseprojectionsaresode- signedastomovethecattlein the correct di i wti on and to turx themaroundcorners ofthe cor- ral platform and the car runwav. Dontdestroyoralterthemin any way or you will destroy their action.AlittleLionellubricant on the edge ofthe base willhelp thecattlemovearoundcorners. PageI UsefulCDsMODELRAILROADACCESSORYEQUIPMENT 71 LanipPost 157Station Platform 193 WaterTower 394Beacon 395Floodlight Lionel model railroad accessoryequipment depends on the transformerfor i ts operating power and works onvoltages rangi ngfrom10to14volts.Thehigherportionofthi s range is frequently required when the working parts onan accessoryare new, but the voltagecan usuallybedecreased as the mechanism becomes worn in. I f an accessoryis oper- atedcontinuouslyfor alongperiodoftime,however,i ts operating voltagerises as i ts coil or motor warm up in use. As explainedin the section onPower Supply the actual voltagessuppliedby the transformerposts underoperating conditionsmaydifferconsiderablyfromthenominal voltagesmarkedonthe transformerpanel.For thi s reason i t is notalways practicalto giveahardandfast rulefor connectingapieceofequipmenttoaparticularpai rof transformerterminals. The best practicei s to connecti t to a pair oftransformerbinding posts whichfurni sh approxi- matelytherequiredvoltage,asindicatedinmostwiring diagrams.Then,iftheaccessorydoesnotoperatewith enoughsnap,shi fttheconnectionstothenexthigher available voltage. ItisgoodpracticetorunanyLioneloperatingorillu- minatedaccessoryatthelowestpossiblevoltage.I nthi s wayyouwillpreventunnecessarywearofequipmentand prolong the life ofthe lamps.Asummary tablelisting the actualoperating voltages required byvarious Lionelacces- sories is found on the right. The numberofoperatingaccessorieswhichcanbeused withyourmodelrailroadislimitedonlybythewattage rati ng ofyourtransformerasdiscussedi nthe sectionon PowerSupply.I nmostcases,however,sincetheseacces- sories consumepoweronly whenin actual operation,many more ofthemcanbeoperatedona transformer thanthe totalofthei r wattages wouldindicate. Page12 Usefixedvoltageslightly low- erthanspecified,toprolong lamplife.~l s o seepage14. 12-14 260Bumper 1122 Switches >022 Switches 6019 or UCS Track I ~~Aut omat i c Si anal s 9-14Track voltage.Nowiringre- voltsquired. 10-14Trackvoltage(no wiring)or voltsfixedvoltage. ~145 Gateman 151 Semaphore 153 Stop Signal 252Crossing Gate 445SwitchTower 4.50 Signal Bridge 154 Highway Signal 10-14 volts 9-14 volts These accessories receive fixed voltagethroughNo.145Cor No.153CContactors.See pages15 to19. Thisreceivestrackvoltage through154Ccontactor. I TrackAccessori es Trackvoltage(Through lock- on)orfixedvoltage. 456 Coal Ramp ,For usable voltagecircuits see uage40. ODer at i naAccessori es-1356Freight Station 362Barrel Loader 364Lumber Loader 397Coal Loader 455Oil Derrick 125Whistle Station 132 Stop Station 497CoalingStation 10-14 volts 9-14 volts ~Theseacce+oriesoperateon fixed voltage.They can be con- nectedtoanypairoftrans- former posts having a nominal \oltage from12 to16 volts. Track voltage throughLockon. CleanandLubricateYourEquipment UsefulCDsILLUMINATEDNON-OPERATINGEQUIPMENT AwidevarietyofLionelilluminatedaccessories,such as lampposts,stationplatforms,floodlights,beacons,and other realistic piecesofmodelrailroadequipment, is avail- able.Thevoltagerequiredbyvariousilluminatedacces- sories depends uponthe lamps used.With few exceptions it isgenerally12-14volts. Illuminatedaccessoriesshouldbeconnecteddirectlyto the transformer whenever possible.Selectthe pairofbind- ing posts whichgivenearest totherequiredvoltage. C A U T I O NWhen illuminated accessories are connected to binding postswhosevoltageisnot"fixed"buti ssetbydials, suchasin transformersVWor ZW, takecarenot to set the voltagetoohighorthelamps willbequicklyburned out. As a rule the life of the lamps will be greatly extended if theyareoperatedalittlebelowtheirratedvoltage. No.394Rot at i ngBeacon Electrical connection to the Rotating Beaconare made by insertingbareendsofconnectingwiresintotheclipson the bottomofthebeacon.Afterelectricalconnectionsare made and power is on, lowerthe rotating lens housing care- fullyoverthebeaconlampso thatthepivotrestsinthe small cup on top ofthe lamp. Afteraminute ortwothelampwillheatthe ai rinside the housing.This ai rstreaming through thevanesontop ofthe housing will cause i t to turn slowly. Ifyouwish, you can start i t offby spinning it gently in clockwise direction. I frotationofhousingstops,movethepivotslightlytoa differentspot in the lamp cup. Not e :To makesurethat the beaconoperatesat normal speedkeepi t outofdrafts.The housingis so lightthata slight ai r current willinterferewith the motion. ReplacementrotatinghousingsNo.394-37areavailable from the LionelService Departmentfor $1.00. " Wi peYour Tr ackRegularly"sEr Plvor IN LAMP CUP n TRANSFORMERS 12-14VOLTS Page13 UsefulCDsPARALLELCONNECTIONS IntheeventyouhaveseveralilluminatedaccessoriesThe feeders can be made from ordinary lamp cord or thiil requiringthe same voltage i tis advisable tousethesamemetalstrips.I npermanentlayoutsthewireconnections pairoftransformerbindingpostsfor allofthem,wiringare frequentlysolderedtogether. themtogetheri nparallel,asshownbelow.TwomainMostoperatingaccessoriescanalsobewiredi nthih feeders go to the transformerposts and individual mires gomannerwiththe variousswitchesandcontrollersinserted from these feeders to the accessories.I n thi s wayunneces-i n oneofthe connecting wires, as shown. sary wi ri ng iseliminated.Ifyouroutfi tismountedonaRememberthatiftwoormore14-voltaccessoriesare tableorplatformthemainfeederscanbestapledtothewiredtogetheri nparallel,theymuststillbeconnecter! underside ofthe table and small holesdrilled next to eachtothe14-voltpostsonthetransformerandnottoposh accessorv for the wiresleadinp to the accessorv.whichgive the totalofthe individual voltages required. No. 71 No. 153 153C ,-i 12-14VOLTPOSTSWIRINGACCESSORIESINPARALLEL c, Page14 Cl eanandl ubr i cat eYour Equipment UsefulCDsAUTOMATICSIGNALING Model railroad signals and trackside accessoriesmadeby Lionelareusuallyoperatedautomaticallybymeansof "contactors"actuatedbyapassingtrain.Contactors145C and153C areworkedmechanicallybytheweightofthe train.Othersare operatedelectricallybythe trai nwheels making an electrical contact with the contactor surface and inthis waycompletingthe electricalcircuit. Pwssure- t ypecontactorsareplacedunderneat h t hetrack sot hatatrackt i e rest s firmly o nt op oft he contactor.If the track is fastened to a platform make sure the track is loose for severalsections oneither side ofthe contactorbecause the track must be free to bend under the weight ofthe train. Anadjustmentnuti sprovidedtoregulatetheweight requiredtooperatethecontactor.Thisi sdoneafterall wireconnectionsare madeandtransformerpowerison. Stopthetrainseveralsectionsawayfromthecontactor. Turn the adjustment nut either upor downuntil the signal operates.Then turn the nut backjustenough to return the signal to its normal non-operating position.By varying the settingoftheadjustmentnutthesignalcanbemadeto respondeither to the weight ofthe heavylocomotivealone, or to the lightest car. No t e : Automatic operation canalso beachievedthrough theuseofspecialinsulatedtrackdescribedonpage35. The145CContactor,el ect r i cal l y,i s asi ngl e-pol e, si ngl e-throw,normal l y-of f swi tch.Theendvi ewof t hecantac.torbel owshowsi t wi t hi t scont act si n t hei rnormal,openposi t i on. ADJUSTMENTNUT WHEREUSED No.145Gateman No.252Crossi ngGate No.151 Semaphore No.445Swi t ch Towera Th e153CContactor,el ect r i cal l y,i s asi ngl e-pol e, double-throwswi tch.Thedi agramof t hecontactor bel owshowst henormal posi t i onof i t scontacts. WEIGHTOF TRAIN WHEREUSED No.153 Bl ackSi gnalNo.450Si gnal Bri dge i nsul at ed bl ockfort wo-t rai noperat i on " Wi peYourTr ackRegul arl y" Page15 UsefulCDsWIRINGFOR No.252 CROSSINGGATE / INo. 151 SEMAPHOREm OPERATI ON:Normallythegate is u1s andthel i ghti sOPERATI ON : Normally light shows green and the sema- out.Astrai npassesovercontactor,ci rrentflows-into solenoidpullingdowngateandilluminatingthelampin gate base. An alternate methodfor operating Crossing Gate byspecialinsulatedtrackinsteadofthe145Ccontactoris described on page 36. Page16 phore arm is up.As the contactori s actuatedby a passing trai ncurrent flows through solenoid.Semaphorearm goes downandlightshowsred.Alternatehook-upsusinginsu- lated track or No.022 non-derailingswitchesare described on pages 28 and 36. For use with insulated block see page 30. " Cl eanandLubri ca+e YourEquipment" UsefulCDsNo. 145GATEMAN TRANSFORMERS ALTERNATEROUTE LIFTUPSPRING @No. 153BLOCKSIGNAL TOREPLACEBULBSPUSHINSLIGHTLY ANDTURNTOLEFT ~~OPERATI ON : Kormally light in the shack is on. As trai n passesoverthe contactorthe dooropensandthegateman emerges from the shack.Alternate methodofoperationby using insulated track i s the same as for No. 151 Semaphore. I fdesired,bothaccessoriescanbeconnectedtotheSame contactor and willoperate simultaneously. " WipeYour TrackRegularly" OPERATI ON : Normallycurrent runs from contactor clip 3to clip1illuminating the greenlight.Whencontactor is depressedcurrentrunsfromclip3toclip2,illuminating redlight.Foralternatehook-uptoNo.022Switchessee page28.Forconnectiontoinsulatedblocksusedi ntwo- trainoperationsee page30. Page17 UsefulCDsNo. 445SWITCHTOWER TO REMOVELAMP SQUEEZEBRACKET ANDPULLOUT BOTTOMVIEW TRANSFORMERS 10331RWI KWI ZW No. 154CROSSINGSIGNAL No. 154 I NSTALLATI ON : KO. 154 CrossingSignal is connecte directlyto thetrackbymeansoftheNo.154Ccontactor. Attachthecontactortothetrackbypressingdownthe spring lever to raise the contact plate, as shown in the inset above:thendace contactorunderthe track withclir,A 145c I OPERATI ON : Switchtoweri salwaysilluminated.As the contactor i s actuated one ofthe tower men goes into the tower; the other descends the stai rs with his lantern.After the trai n has passedboth towermenreturn to their original positions.Alternatehook-upsusinginsulatedrailsor022 switchesaresameasforNo.151Semaphoreandare describedonpages28 and 36. Page18 gripping the kange ofthe outside rail, snap spring clip B overthe centerrail,andreleasethespring lever. OPERATI ON:Asthe wheelsofthetrai nrolloverthe contactorsurface,theredwarninglightsoftheCrossing Signalwillblinkalternately.Keepthecontactingsurfaces ofthecontactorcleanandbecarefulnottodisturbthe insulatingpaperonthe insidesurface ofthe plateswhich touchtherail. Cl eanandLubr i cat e YourEquipment UsefulCDsNo. 450SIGNALBRIDGE 1 Althoughthesketchaboveshowsthesignallightsfacing thesameway,one of themcanbe reversed tofacei n op- positedirection.I f thebridgespanssingletrackonly niountthelights overeachotheri n thecenterof thespan. HALF-SECTIONS Toenablesignalbridgetospan twotracklinesanyofthesel oy- outscanbeusedi n '0'or'027'. Forindependent automa.ticcontrol ofthetwosignalsusetwo153C contoctors,asillustratedbelow. - I 1'I ri71DIRECTION OF TRAVEL+ -zGi2l,-l &3TRANSFORMERS Y13JC TO 12-14- 4VOLTPOSTSC1 D ID l Bz! ~~ ~ ~I NSTALLATI ON:TheSignalEridgewillspanoneor two lines oftrack. Some typical layouts for two-track instal- lation are shown above. The Signal Bridge is equipped with twored-greensignalswhichcanbefacedeitherwayor relocatedi n any ofsix positions on the bridgestructure by removing the screw onthe bottomofthe signalassembly. OPERATI ON:Two sets ofcontact clipsare providedin bridgetowerbases.Tooperatebothsignallightssimul- taneouslybothsetsofcontactsareconnectedtooneNo. 153Ccontactor.Forindependentautomaticcontrolofthe signals two contactors shouldbeused.For manualcontrol substituteNo.450Ccontrollerforthecontactor. " Wi peYourTrackRegularly" Page 19 UsefulCDsNO.132AUTOMATICPASSENGERSTATION t hereversi nguni t i n t hel ocomoti ve. Ot her wi sei twi l l t r i pt oneut ral posi - t i onwhent het r ai nent erst hein- sul at edbl ockandt hel ocomot i ve wi l l notrest art aut omat i cal l y. BOTTOMVIEW OFSTATION INSULATEDBLOCK LionelNo.132Station i s equippedwithautomatictrai n controlwhichstops andrestartsthe trai ninfrontofthe station.Thestationisplacedanywherealongastraight stretchoftrack.Aninsulatedblockconsisting ofthreeor foursectionsoftracki splaceddirectlyinfrontofthe station.Theinsulatedblockisconstructedbypullingout the steel track pins from the center rail at bothends ofthe blockandreplacingthemwithfibrepins.Notethattwo lockons are usedinthisinstallation, oneplacedwithinthe Page20 insulatedblock,theotheroutsideoftheinsulatedblock. The length oftime atrai n remainsstandinginfront of thestationisregulatedbyacontrolleverlocatedunder- neaththeroofofthestationasshownintheinset.The simplestwaytoadjustthestationi stostartwiththe controlleverat Continuouspositionandgraduallymove i t towardSlow.Allowthe trai n to makeseveralcircuits in each position ofthe lever before moving i t to a new spot. For installationto preserve locomotivereverse see page 31. Cl eanandLubri cat eYourEquipment UsefulCDsNo.497COALINGSTATION Removeroofofstation.Lay thecontrollercablein thechannelofthecorner post,holding it i n place with theclipssupplied.Connectthefourwiresto the numberedlugsontheterminalpanel.F i rst wireonthesidewiththecolored tracer goes tolug No.1. Others are connected in order. , - 3 TRACKSECTIONS~ ~ ~ ~ - 3 YACKSECTIONS INSULATING PIN SINGLEWIREFROMCONTROLLER I SCONNECTEDTO LOCKON OUTSIDETHE BLOCKThe station base wi l lfit either '0'or'027'track,but the heightof theground and powerblades must be ad- justed suit the trackheight. I No.497CoalingStation i s providedwitha safety device to prevent a trai n from moving out ofthe station while the coalelevatorbiniseitherbeingraisedorlowered.The stationshouldbeinstalledinthecenterofaninsulated track blockwithtwotracksections meetingi nthemiddle ofthestationbase.Theinsulatedtrackblockshouldbe longenoughsothatwhenatrai nishaltedinthestation withi ts coaldump car properlypositionedinfront ofthe bin, the locomotiveis still withinthe insulatedblock. "WipeYourTrackRegularly" TOCONTROLLER thi sinstallation.onebeingTwolockonsareusedwit placedinside and the other outsidethe insulatedblock.The twolockonsarethenwiredtothebindingpostsonthe station,as shownabove.The497Ccontrolleri s connected sothati ts single wiregoesto theoxt si delockon,andits four-wirecabletotheterminalpanelundertheroofof the station. The controller has two levers, one of which raises or lowersthe elevator bin.The otherdumps a fullcar in- to thebinor releasescoalfrom thebinintoan"empty." Page21 UsefulCDsTherampisoperatedbymeansofathree-buttoncon- troller whichis wiredto the rampandto the transformer. The three-wire cable is connected to the trestle. The separate fourth wire coming out ofthe controller supplies powerfor the ramp and should be connectedto a fixed voltage postof the transformer. Fixed voltage connection for the ramp wil! enable you to raise and lower the track voltage to maneuver the train, without interfering with the ramp voltage. TooperatetheHopperCarcoupleittotheendofthe Then back the trai n up onto the ramp until the Hopper Car trai n.(The trai n must be at least the length ofthe ramp.) Page22 CleanandLubri cat eYourEquipment2HALF-SECTIONSCOAlRAMP COALRAMPa: ucsCOALLOADER UsefulCDsNo. 364LUMBERLOADfR SPOTTINGLIGHT TRANSFORMERS364CCONTROLLERBOTTOMVIEW ucs 6019 OR KO. 364LumberLoaderandKO. 397CoalLoaderdo notinthecaseoftheCoalLoaderthecoalcarisloadedand requireanyspecialtracklayoutbutcanbelocatedalongunloadedfromthesamepositionontheRemoteControl anystraightstretchoftrack.AremotecontrolsectionisSection, whileinthe case ofthe LumberLoader the empty placedin front ofthe accessoriesinsuchaway thatoper-car mustbemovedoverto the loadingstationinorderto ati ng lumber or coal cars can be unloadedinto the receivingbereloaded. bins.Motorized conveyor belts then carry the material fromAninterestinginstallationoftheCoalLoaderincon- these bins and reloadi t into the waiting empties.Note thatjunctionwithNo.456CoaIRampis describedonpage22. "WipeYour Tr ackRegularly"Page23 UsefulCDsPage24" Cl eanandLubri cat eYour Equipment" UsefulCDs1 No. 125WHISTLINGSTATION L I FTOFFROOF TO MAKECONNECTIONS LTERNATE WAYTO BRING TO10.11VOL T POSTS OFTRANSFORMER NO.96CCONTROLLER No.125WhistlingStationisusedtoadvantagewith outfitswhichdonothaveabuilt-inwhistleorinareas where 25-cyclecurrent is used, makingthe regularbuilt-in whistleinoperable. The whistleis sounded by pressing the controllerbutton. Forautomaticcontrolreplacethecontrollerwitha145C contactorinstallingitunderthetrackinanyconvenient locationas shownonpage15.The whistlewillthensound whenever a trai n passesover that spot in the track. Note that the connectingwires can beledinto the shack eitherthroughtheholesintherearwallorthroughthe openingsin the floor and the ceiling ofthe shack. Wi peYour TrackRegularly No. 455OILDERRICK 1033RWKWZW 12-14VOLTPOSTS No.364CCONTROLLER Whenthe 455 OilDerrick i s connectedas shownandthe controllerswitchedon,thewalkingbeamoilpumpwill starttooperatewitha slowrockingmotion.Atthesame timetheheatofthelampatthebaseoftheoilcolumn willcausethe liquidtobubble,simulating flowofoil. Thespeedofthewalkingbeamcanberegulatedby the adjusting screwinthe baseofthe derrick.I fyoufind it necessary to regulate the speed, move the adjusting screw alittleatatimeandallowafewminutesfor the action to settledown beforere-adjusting the screw. Page25 UsefulCDsNO.356 FREIGHTSTATION TRANSFORMERS 364CCONTROLLER BOTTOMVIEW12-14VOLTPOSTS QPERATI ON:WhenNo.356FreightStationiscon- nected as above, the light illuminating the station is always on. Pushing the controllerswitchsets the vibratingstation runway into motion,causing the trucks to movein and out of the stationhouse. I I NSTALLATI ON : TheBarrelLoadercanbeinstalled along any straight portionoftrack.I n permanent layouts i t shouldbefastenedtotheplatformbymeansofscrews. Ifthelayoutis notfastenedtoatabletheLoadershould be heldto the track by means oftwo clips providedwith it. Aremote controlsectionmaybeinstalledinfrontofthe chute to permit uncoupling ofcars at that point. NOTE:Becauseofindividualdifferencesintheacces- sories describedonthispage,it is frequentlyadvisableto connect them to a source ofvariable voltage which can then beadjustedpreciselyto obtainthe bestoperation. " Cl eanandLubr i cat e Your Equi pment"Page 26 UsefulCDsINSTALLATION OFNo. 022SWITCHES 1 CONTROLRAILS OVEFIBREPINSINTRANSFORMERS NON-DERAILING CONTROLRAILS FIXED VOLTAGEPOSTS BESURE PLUGFITS OVERCONTACT PIN INSIDE SWITCH BOX Use ofFixedVoltagePlugs i soptional.When they are not used the switch gets powerdirectly from thetrack. Keepthenon-derailingcontrolrailsclean.Donot disturb the fibre pins i n the ends of these rails. Whenswitchesareset fortrain to goalong main line the green lights should shine along the straight-owoy.WHEN NOTUSING FIXED VOLTAGE REMOVEPLUG FROM SOCKET "WipeYourTrackRegularly" Page27 UsefulCDsOt her UsesofNon-DerailingMechanism Theautomaticnon-derailingmechanismofNo.022 switchescanbeusedforSeveralinterestingapplications. Oneofthemisshotvnbelow.Iftheoutsidepostsofthe swi,tchesareconnectedbywiresthetrai nwillalternate automatically betweentracksA andB. The operationis this:Trai n leavingtrackAoperates thenon-derailingmechanismintheExitswitchandat the same time throws the Entry switch to positionwhich allowsthe trai n to enter trackB. LeavingtrackBthe trai nagainthrowsbothswitches,butthistimeinthe opposite direction, so that it returns to track A. Cont rol l i ng Signals wi t hNon-DerailingMechanism If a blocksignal or a semaphore are wiredto the switch as shownbelowtheywillindicategreengo ah,eadwhen the switchis set forthe traintoalongthemain line and redStopwhenthe switch isset for the trai n to turn into asiding.No.145 GatemanandNo.445SwitchTower canalsobeoperatedinthisway. - --* DIRECTIONOFTRAINENTRYSW,TCH EXIT SWITCH- SWITCHCONTROLLERS Page28 1 1 1 ,7 No.1122Switchesf or 027 Track No. 1122 Switches matching 027 track are installed into the track as any ordinarystrai ght and curved sections with eachswitchreplacingonestrai ght andonecurvedsection. No.1122Switcheshavenoprovisionforsupplyingthem withfixedvoltagebutdrawtheirpowerfromthetrack. Like No.022Switches, 1122 Switches are equipped with anon-derailingdevicewhichautomatical!ythrowsthe swivelrailstothecorrectpositiontoaccommodatean approaching trai n. The insulated control rails whichaccom- plishthi soperationarebuiltintotheswitch,sothatno external fibre pins are used.These switches are controlled bydoublecontrollerswhichareconnectedtotheswitch boxesby3-wirecables.Connect thewiresinordermaking sure the wire with the l ug goes to the post with metal base. Cl eanandLubr i cat eYourEqui pment UsefulCDsMULTIPLETRAINOPERATION Ifyouwishto operatetwoormoretrai ns onthe same railroadsystem, yourlayout shouldbedesignedto prevent one trai n from overtaking and running into the train ahead. OneLoop wi t hInsulatedBlocks The fi rst methodexplainedhererequiresonlyonetrack loopinwhichoneormoreinsulated trackblocksare con- structedandconnectedtothetransformerthrough153C contactors.The contactoris installedseveralsections away fromtheinsulatedblocksothatthefi rsttrai npassing overthecontactorautomaticallycutsoutthepowerfrom the insulated blockbehindi t and forces the followingtrai n to cometo astop untilthe fi rst trai nissafelyoutofthe way.To addinteresttothisoperationa153 BlockSignal r151 Semaphore canbeconnectedto the153CContactor 3indicate whether the blockis liveor dead. No t e : Whentwotrai nsareoperatedinthiswaytheir reversingE-Unitsshouldbedisconnectedsothatthe locomotivescannotreverseautomatically. Aninsulatedblock i s made bytaking out the metaltrack pinsfrom the centerrailofbothendsectionsofthe block andreplacingthembyinsulatingfibrepins.Theblock shouldbeat least3tracksectionslongsothatthetrai n does not coast through adead block. The contactor should beplacedf ar enough ahead oftheblock( 3 or 4 sections) so that it is not activated by the weight ofthe waiting train. I nanaverage-sizelayoutwhereonlyoneortwoblocks are usedi t is advisable to set the block voltage2or 3volts higher than the rest ofthe track, so that the waiting trai n cangetafast start.Thisi s donebyusingtwodifferent transformercircuitshavingacommongroundpostcon- nected to the outsiderail ofthe railsystem. INSULATEDBLOCK- 3OR4SECTIONS4OR5SECTIONS1 S K CONTACTOR DIRECTION OF TRAVEL Not e: Unl esst hef i br epi nsar ei umpedbya vol t age-droppi ngresi st or,as descr i bedon page 31,thel ocomot i veE-Uni t smustbe di sconnect edsot hat the t r ai nscanresumef orwardmot i onaf t er bei ng st oppedi nt hei nsul at edbl ocks. I Wi peYour Tr ackRegul arl y Page29 UsefulCDsINSULATED BLOCK - 3 OR 4SECTIONS4OR 5SECTIONS Wi ri ngdi agramforoni n- sul at edbl ocki nt er l ocked wi t hNo.151Semaphore. Someofthe scanbecom- INSULATED BLOCK-3OR4SECTIONS4OR5SECTIONS - Wi ri ngdi agramforon wi t hNo.153 BlockSi gn Tr ansf or mer connect i ons ar e ason page 29. " Cl eanandLubr i cat eYourEqui pment"Page30 UsefulCDs153BLOCKSIGNAL INSULATEDBLOCK 153CCONTACTOR DIRECTIONOFTRAVEL TOTRANSFORMER I n the ovallayout above, theinsulatedblockis normally livesothatbothtrai nsoperatecontinuouslyunlessthe secondtrai ngetstooclosetothefi rsttrai n.Whenthi s happens the secondtrai nstops inthe blockuntilthefi rst trai n pullsf ar enoughahead.TheBlockSignalindication is normally green. I nfigure8layoutontheri ghtthe insulatedblockis wiredto the contactorso thati t isnormallydead.This forces the trai n reaching the blocki n front ofthe crossing to stop and wait until the other train crosses in front ofit. The signal is red, changing to green only when the moving trai n reaches the contactor. Wi peYourTr ackRegul arl yAschemewhichis preservethe reversingfeature ofthe locomotiveseventhough insulated blocksare used,i s to jumpthe fi bre pininto each blockwitha10-ohm10-watt adjustableresistoravailableat radioandtelevisionsupply stores. The resistori s then ad- justedtopermitj ustenough timesusedinlargelayoutsto current toleakintotheinsul- atedblocktokeeptherevers- 153CCONTACTOR FIBRE PIN ADJUSTABLE RESISTOR UsefulCDsSepar at eInsul atedLoops Asecondmethodforrunni ngseveraltrai nsonthe samerailroadsystemi s toarrange twoormorecomplete loopsinsulatedfrom eachother bymeansofa fi bre pinin the centerrailofthe tracklineconnectingthe twoloops. I n thi s systemthecenterrailofeachloopis connectedto an individuallycontrolledtrack voltage so thateachofthe trai ns can be controlled without i nterferi ng with the others. An0layoutofthi s type, designed to fi t ona 4by8 platformandsuitableforoperatingasmanyasthree trai ns,isillustratedbelow.Notethati nadditiontothe twoinsulatedloopsthi slayoutcontainstwoinsulated blocks,onelocatedintheconnectingtrackontheright, andoneinthe ri ght handportionofthe innerloop. The blockin the connecting track can beusedas a siding to hold a trai n while two other trai ns run i n the innerand outerloops.Theblockintheinnerloopisusedtohold atrai nwhileanothertrai nentersintothelefthalfof thatloop.Thepowertothetwoinsulatedblocksiscon- trolledby a pai r ofNo.364Ccontrollers or any Off-and-On switcheswhichareavailableinhardwareorelectrical supply stores. Ifdesired,theinsulatedblockintheinnerloopcanbe connectedfor automaticcontrolthrougha153Ccontactor as describedinprevioussectionandanothersimilarauto- maticcontrolblockaddedintheoutersectionaswell,to3 permitcollision-freeoperationoftwotrai nsi neither1 loop.Adouble-throwswitchmaybeprovidedtoswitch frommanualtoautomaticoperation.e Page 3 2 CleanandlubricateYour Equipmen+ UsefulCDsThe 0layout on this pagei s designedto fi t on a stan- dard ping-pongtable which measures 5feet by9feet. Like the layout onthe precedingpageit is sectionalizedbythe insertionofinsulatingpinsat pointsindicatedbyarrows. runcontinuouslyandbeindependently controlledonthe trackloops fedthroughlockonsAandC. Thereare alsotwofreightsidingssuppliedthroughlock- ons D and E and a block connecting the two main loops and suppliedthroughlockonB.Thetwosidingsandthecon- nectingtrackare wiredthroughoff-onswitches so that a trai n canbehaltedinany ofthese locations. Note that the addition ofa curvedsection and a left-hand switchat theendofthe siding Dcanconvertthissiding to a reversing loop enabling a trai n to change i ts direction. Twotrai ns can LOCKONS TRANSFORMER UsefulCDsWORKINGWITHLIONELTRACK Lionel track is made i n two differentsizes:0and the lighter027.Theauickestwaytotellthedifference betweenthemisbytheshapeof thetrackties.Although the track gauge-thedistance betweenthe outside rails-- is the same for bothtypesoftrack-l1/4inches-0and 027trackshouldnotbeusedi n the same layoutbecause ofainchdifferencein the heightofthe trackandthe difference i n the diameter ofthe rails. Wide-radius072curvedtrack,illustratedbelow, matchestheregular0track.Althoughithasnotbeen made recently it may still be available at local Lionel dealers andi s veryusefulfor constructingwide,sweepingcurves especiallysuitablefor thelongerlocomotivesandstream- linedpullmancars. I 8CURVED 0 SECTIONS FORMA31-INCHCIRCLE 16CURVEDWIDERADIU 0 SECTIONSFORMA 74-INCHCIRCLE 8CURVED 027 SECTIONS FORMA27-INCHCIRCLE I b .Page34 I nadditiontotheregular 1 length 0track Lionel makes half-sections,knownas%OS (strai ght) and 1/2OC (curved) whichareusefulformany types oflavouts.I fthe half- sectionsarenotavailable,or ifyouneedspecial lengths. i t i s possibletocut theregula;. trackt o thedesiredlengths. Clamp a track section in a vise usingpaddingtoprotectthe railsfrom beingcrushedand cut therailswitha jewelers saworafine-toothedhack saw.Smooththecutedge witha fi ne file. Lioneltrackissomewhat flexiblesothati t ispossible to construct layouts which are not strictly symmetrical. How- ever, becareful notto distort thelayoutstoomuchoryon may cause the trai n to derail. Howf o Mom+ TrackonaPl at f or m I f you mount your track on a plywoodboard or platform yourtrai noperationwillbesmootherandyourtrackwill lastlonger.Forfasteningtracktoplatformuseone No.3x%round headwoodscrew to eachsection.Mount- i ng holesare providedintrackties.Dontscrew downthe tracktightlyor youmaydistortthetracktiescausinga wavytrack.Trackshouldnotbeclampeddownbut fastenedonly enough to keepi t from shi fti ng i ts position. Asheet ofCelotexor similar materialmaybeplacedon top ofthe plywoodto sound-proofthe layout. CleanandLubri cat eYour Equipment UsefulCDsLionelTr ackPl i ers Whenworking withLioneltrack i tisfrequentlynecessarytore- movetrackpinsi nordertomove themtotheoppositeendofthe rails,to replacesteel pins within- sulatingpins,andtoreshapedis- torted or enlargedrailopenings. Allthesejobs,includingcutting andstrippingofconnectingwires, canbeaccomplishedquicklyand easilywithspecialLionelservice TrackPliersrecentlydesignedby Lionelforthei rservicemenand nowmadeavailablebymailtoall modelrailroadersfor$2.95.The pliersare madeintwosizes:No. ST-342i sfor027track,No. ST-343for0 track.Toppic- ture shows howthe plierjawsare shapedtoroundtherailandto crimp pinstightlyintherails. Topullouttrackpinsgri pthe pinwiththe cuttingedgeand pry i t out, using the rail flange as point ofrotation. To reshapea distoredrail insert i t into the forming hole of the pliers andsqueezei tintoshape.Doing thi s beforethe pinis inserted will resultina tighter-fittingpin. To crimp a pini n the rail, insert the pinto the properdept, lineup thelittleprojectionsi ntheplier jewswiththegroovei nthepin and squeeze. Insul at edTr ackSections Specialtracksectionswhichhaveoneinsulatedoutside rail are frequently used bymodelrailroaders in permanent layouts instead of145Cand 153Ccontractors to accomplish automatic operationofsemaphores,blocksignals,gatemen andothertrackaccessories.Severalapplicationsofthese tracksectionsare illustrated onpages34and49. Althoughthese sectionshave notbeenmanufactured re- centlytheyarestillavailableatmanyLioneldealersor can be easily made from regular track, as illustrated below. Removeone outsiderail,insert piecesofadhesivetapein- side the clips ofthe track ti e and replacethe rail, bending down the track tie clips tightly. To complete the insulation ofthi s rail fi bre pins are inserted in bothends ofthe rail. Connectionsto i t caneasilybemadebymeansofa track lockonattachedont hesi deoft he insulntd. rai l .No.2 lockonclipwillthenbeconnectedto theinsulatedrail. Wi peYour TrackRegul arl y Page 35 UsefulCDsHow+o UseInsulatedTrackSections Typicalapplicationsofinsulatedtracksectionsare illus- tratedbelow.Whenproperlyconnectedto the transformer and to the insulatedrail,the accessorieswilloperate when thewheelsandaxlesofatrai npassingoverthespecial track section complete the electrical circuit bybridging the insulatedrailto thegroundedoppositeoutsiderail. Left:No.252Cross- ingGateOperated bya n I ns ul at ed TrackSection. RightTop:Insulated TrackSectionUsed f 3rAutomaticControl SPECIALTRACKSECTION ofSwitches. RiahlBottom:No. 145Gateman atedbyInsu TrackSection. Oper- . I at ed ThemethodusedforcontrollingNo.145 Gatemancan be usedas wellfor No.151 Semaphore and No.445 Switch Tower. I n the case ofNo.151 Semaphore the center postis connected to the transformer, the outside post which lights thelampisconnectedtoNo.2clipofthelockonoutside theinsulatedtrackandthepostoperatingthesemaphore arm to No.2clip ofthe lockononthe insulatedtrack. To operate the SwitchToweri ts No.2clipisconnected to the transformer, No. 3clip to lockon outside the insulated trackandNo.1 cliptothelockonontheinsulatedtrack. Ofcourse,ifyouwishthetrai ntooperateseveralof theseaccessoriessimultaneouslyallofthemcanbecon- nectedtothesameinsulatedtracksection. Page 36 I SPECIALTRACKSECTIONIy No. 022SWITCH INo. 145GATEMAN TRANSFORMERS 1033 RWKWZW SETAT12-14VOLIS SPECIALTRACKSECTION Cl eanandLubr i cat eYourEqui pment UsefulCDsSPECIALINSTALLATIONSANDCONTROLS Fi xed Vol t age f or Remote Cont r olSections Althoughinstandardinstallationsthecontrolrailsand electro-magnetofremotecontrolsectionsgetthei rpower fromthetracki tissometimesdesirabletoprovidethem withxedvoltage.Thismakestheuncouplingandunload- i ngfunctionsindependentofvariabletrackvoltage.Dis- connectthe powerwirefrom theremotecontroltrackand connecti t insteaddirectlytothe propertransformer post. I nworkingwiththefl atmulti-conductorcablebecareful tokeepi tfl atsoasnottointerchangetheconnections. Toshortenthe wiring, particularlywhenthecontrollers arelocatedtogetherononecontrolboard,thenumber1 wire ofthe cable can bedisconnected from the remotecon- troltrackandconnectedinsteadto theground terminal ofthe transformer. . POWERWIRE*. REMOTE CONTROLTRACKSET TRANSFORMERS TW 1033RWKWZWFORLOCKON CONNECTIONS SEEPAGE 4 SETAT12-14VOLTS *InUCSt r ackt hepowerwi r ei s t het hi r dwi r eof t hecabl e;InNa.6Ol Pt r ackt hepowerwi r ei st hef ourt hwi r eof cabl e. TYPE V OR ZT RA NSF ORMERII Useof No. 167Whi st l eCont r ol l erNo.167 WhistleController mustbeusedinconjunction withtransformerswhichdonothaveabuilt-inwhistle controller. WhenNo.167 controller is used, one ofi ts posts must be connected to the No. 2clip ofthe track lockon while the otheris connectedto the propertransformer post. TypeZWtransformershavetwobuilt-inwhistlecon- trollers so thatthe whistlesoftwo trai ns can becontrolled independently.Ifyouarerunningmorethantwotrai ns andwishtoprovideindependentwhistlecontrolforthe extratrai nsaswellyoumustprovideNo.167Whistle Controllers for the two circuits(postsBandC)whichdo nothavebuilt-inwhistlecontrollers.Becauseofvoltage dropinthe167Controllersthevoltagesetti ngofthese circuitsmust be2-3voltshigher than ordinarily. Page37 Wi peYourTr ackRegul arl y UsefulCDsABOUTYOURPOWERSUPPLY Afew words aboutelectricitymayhelpyouunderstand someoftheelectricaltermswhichare usedindescribing theoperationandrequirementsofyourLionelelectric trains,transformersandotherequipment. The three most commonly usedelectric units ofmeasure- mentare amperes, voltsandwatts. Amperesareusedtomeasurethequantityofelectric currentflowingthroughacircuit. Voltsareusedtomeasureelectricpressure. Wat t s are usedtomeasureelectricpower.For thepur- poses ofrough estimates in alternating current circuits they can be calculated by multiplying amperes by volts. If you compare the flow ofelectricity to the flow ofwater from a squirt gun youcansee that the more pressure you put on by squeezing the tri gger the faster willbethe water jet, and the more wateryouwillbeabletogetoutofthe muzzleopening. I nthesamewayincreasingthevoltagewillsendmore electric current through the wires and the motor. With the pressureorvoltagekepteven,theamountofcurrent- either water or electric-thatwillflow through the system naturallydepends onthesizeofthe opening, or the thick- nessofthe wires usedinthe circuit. Al t er nat i ngandDi r ect Cur r entTwotermsthatare usedveryoftentodescribeelectric current are Alternating Current( A.C.)and Direct Current (D.C.).Direct current is the kind that flows inone direc- tiononly-fromPositive(+) toNegative(-).Thisi s thekindyouobtainfromelectricbatteries.Alternating current is producedbyelectricgenerators and changes the directionofi ts flow manytimes asecondaccordingtoi ts frequency(CY CLES).Thisi stheusualtypeofcurrent usedinyourhousemains.Thehouseelectricsupplygen- erally usedinthe UnitedStatesis115-volt, 60-cyclealter- nati ngcurrent.SomepartsofCaliforniause50-cycle Page 30 current;some areas inCanada and upperNewYorkState use25-cyclecurrent;whilesomedowntownareasi nNew YorkCitystilluse115-voltDirectCurrent(D.C.) . A transformer should never be plugged into a Direct Current line or it will eitherburn out itselforblow out the fuse. Hi ghvoltageDirectCurrentrequirestheuseofan inverter,whichchangesdirectcurrentintoalternating current. The inverter is fi rst pluggedinto the walloutlet: thetransformeristhenpluggedintotheinverter.Lionel has notmadeinverters since the war, but they are readily availableelsewhere. What aTransf ormerDoes Because115-volt line voltage is dangerous to use in toys, LionelTrai nsaremadetorunonlow,completelysafe voltagerangingfrom 8 voltsto 25volts, dependingonthe type andsizeofthe locomotive.Thislowvoltagemustbe obtained from a step-down transformer which changes your householdvoltageto the lowsafe voltage. Thetransformerbasicallyconsistsoftwocoilsofinsu- lated copper wire, each separated from the other but wound around a common core ofelectricalsteel. One ofthe coils- theprimary-iswoundwithmanyturns offi ne wireand is connected to the household electric outlet. The other coil--- the secondary-iswoundwithfewer turns(approximately 1/5)ofheavierwire. Whenthe primary coilis pluggedinto an A.C.household line, the alternations ofthe primary voltage are reflected in the secondarycoilandinducea lowsecondarycoilvoltage usedto run the trai n and accessories. Becausethesecondaryvoltagei s reducedfromthe pri- mary in the same ratio that the number ofturns in the sec- ondary windinghastotheturnsinthepri marywinding, a provisionis usuallymade to tap the secondary winding at several pointsso thatseveral differentfixedvoltages can beobtained. Cl eanandLubr i cat eYourEguipment UsefulCDsI n addition,Lioneltransformershavea movablecontact arm whichslidesacross thebaredsurfaceofaportionof the secondary winding.This makesi t possible to tap the secondarywindingatanyturnofwireandprovidesthe meansforobtainingasmoothlyvariablevoltageusedfor accurate control oftrai n speed without the use ofresistors, rheostatsorothervoltage-droppingdevices. Wh at CausesVol t ageDr op Thefixedvoltagesmarkedonyour tramformer panel or the voltagesindicatedbyyourtransformervoltagecon- trolat anyparticularsettingare almostnevertheactual voltagesdeliveredtoyourtrackoryouraccessories.The reasons for thi s variation are several. The voltages marked onyourtransformersarenominal.Thatis,theyare accurate onlyundercertainspecifiedconditions : whenthe line voltage fed into a 115-volt transformer i s j ust115 volts andwhenn o currentisdrawnfromthetransformer. Actually, the line voltagesmay vary from 125 to 110 volts, orevenlower,dependingonthestandardsinyour locality andonhowmuchelectricityisbeingusedat a particular time.This variation, normally,results i n the same percent- age reductionofthe output voltageofthe transformer.I f yourtrai nseemstorunslowertowardtheeveningits probablybecause hundredsofpeopleinyourneighborhood hadswitchedonthei rlightsand householdappliancesand so depressed the line voltage. I nthesamewaythataheavydemandforpowermay lowerthevoltageinyourneighborhood,aheavyloadon yourtransformerlowersi t soutputvoltageaswell.For example, the fixed binding posts which are marked 14volts may,underactualoperatingconditions,deliveronly12 volts, or evenless. I n the case ofa severe overloadsuchas causedbyashortcircuitonthe trackso muchcurrenti s drawn from the transformer that i ts voltage drops to 2or 3 volts-toolowto operate the trai n or even light the lamps. Wi peYourTr ackRegul arl yP-I~UsingAuxi l i aryLockons I n operating large layouts i t is frequently found that the trai nslowsdownwhenrunningontheportionoftrack farthest from the Lockon.Thisisduetovoltagelossesin the track itself and can be remedied by attaching additional Lockonsat thepointsonthetrackwherethe trai nslows down. Be careful to connect the No. 1 and No. 2 clips ofthe auxiliary Lockons to similarly numberedclips ofthe Lockon connectedto the transformertoavoida shortcircuit. Themainpartofvoltagelossesinthetrackisdueto loose track pins.These looseconnectionscanbefrequently detectedbytheheatingeffectofpoorelectricalcontacts. After the layout has been i n operation for a halfhour or so, runyour fi nger downthe rails.Looserailjoints willthen becomeapparent as hotspots onthe track. I nlargepermanentmodelrailroadsshortcopperwire jumpers are frequently solderedacross the trackpins to eliminateallpossibletrackvoltagelossesandkeepthe voltage constant all around the track system. Page39 UsefulCDsCi r cui t swi t hCommonGround I n modelrailroading there are numerous occasions when itis desirableto apply differentvoltagestoaccessoriesor track components whichhave a commongroundwith the rails ofthe track system. Examples ofthi s usage are fixed voltageplugsofNo.022switches,remotecontroltrack sectionsoperatingonfixedvoltage,insulatedtrackblocks usedinmultipletrai noperation,upgradeordowngrade portionsoftrackrequiringhigherorlowervoltagethan leveltrack, No. 456CoalRamp, etc. To preventshort circuit conditioninallsuchcasesi t i s importanttoselecttransformercircuitswhichalsohave acommonground.Thechartbelowlistsvariouscircuit combinationswhichare availableinmodernLioneltrans- formers. The voltages specified are the nominal or no load voltages and will, ofcourse, drop somewhat under operating conditions, dependingonthe load and the rated wattage of B D U A the transformer. U6-16V. D16V. C6V. A19V. B16V.None c1ov. None C18V. -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _A9-19V. B6-16 V. TransformerI Withthisas Commonor IGrou: Post Thesearethe FixedVoltagetheVariable Posts C16V. c11v. A16V. B11V. None D20V. C6V.6-20 v. D14V.0-14 V. Andtheseare - _-~_______ ~~~1032,1033~~Multi-Control E16v.A14V. E10V. A8V.U Multi-Control _. C6-16 V. F6-16V. None ! uVW ZW Multi-Control None 6-20 V. *With I nternal WhiqtlrControl1 D6-20 V. RW Multi-Control TW Multi-Control u9-19v. D19V. c9v.I A D14V.U7-18 B7 V. BlJ0-11 I nadditionthistransformerhas2unlabeled postswhichfurnishanindependent14V sourcrtosupplylights,accessorirs,etc. The following table lists the fixedvoltagecircuits which canbeobtainedfromsomeofthemostpopularLionel transformers madeinrecent years. V ZU FlU6-16V. D14V.C14-24V.I B8V.1 F14-24V. IA6-25V.I Page40 Cl eanandl ubr i c at e Your Equi pment UsefulCDsTransformerRating RegularLioneltrans- formersaredesignedto workon110to125volt, 60-cyclealternatingcur- rent.Othercombinations ofvoltageandfrequency (cycles)requirespecial transformers,whichare generallyavailablefrom Lioneldealerslocatedin areashavingthesespecial conditions. The voltage and frequencyrati ngsoftransformersalwaysappearonthe transformer panels.Transformerscanbeoperatedonfre- quencieswhicharehigherthanthei rratedfrequencies (a25-cycletransformerwilloperateon60cycles,for example), but the reverseofthi s is nottrue.Ifa60-cycle transformer is pluggedinto a 50-cycleor a 25-cyclelinei t willoverheatandmaybeseriouslydamaged. About Wat t ageI n addition to thei r voltage and frequency ratings, trans- formers andother electricalequipmentalso bear awattage rating.The wattageofatoytransformer isameasureof themaximumamountofelectricpowerwhichi tcantake fromthehouseholdpowerlineswithoutoverheating. The thi ng to rememberis thi s: Youhave no control over thevoltageandfrequencyrati ngofthetransformeryou needbecausethatis determinedbythe available household current supply.You do have control over the wattage rati ng ofthetransformeryouselect.I nthi sselectionyoumust beguidedbythesizeofyourrailroadsystemandthe number oftrai ns, lights and accessories youwilluse. I t i salwayswisestt ogetatransformer largert haxthe oneyourequiref oryourimmediateneedsinordert o pro- videpouierf orf71fure expansion. Wi peYourTr ackRegul arl yPowerRequirementsofLionelEquipment various modelrailroadequipment. It emWatts 027Locomotive-noWhist 027Locomotive-plusWhi 0Locomotive-noWhistle........................................20-25 0Locomotive-plusWhist 0 LocomotivewithSmoke No.167WhistleController............................................................5-10 AutomaticAccessories........................................ OperatingAccessories........................................ Each6-VoltLamp................................................ Each12-Volt Lamp(small).................................... Each12-VoltLamp(l arge).................................... Each18-VoltLamp.............................................................. Not e: The voltageofvariouslampsinLionelequipmentislisted Thefollowingtableliststhepowerinwattsusedby ontheinsideofthebackcover. Youdonotneedto fi gure inthe powerrequirementsof automaticcouplersandOperating Cars,since the couplers draw currentfor onlyan i nstant andOperating Cars only whenthe trai n i s notrunning. For the same reason, donot addpowerusedbysuchaccessoriesas theCoalElevators, LogLoaders,andotheroperatingdeviceswhichareput inactionwhenthe trai n i s notrunning. However,accessorylightsandequipmentcontaining steadily-burninglamps(as,forexample,switchesand switchcontrollers)usemorepowerandshouldbeadded into the power needs. Dontforget to addin the powerused bylampswithinthecars,particularlyinpassengersets. I f, for example, the totalpowerneedsofa trai n setand accessories come to 90 watts, a typeRWTransformer(110 Watts)maybeused.However,thi spowerwouldbeclose to the maximumfor the RW and wouldnotallowfor addi- tionalaccessories.Whileanothertransformercanbe purchasedsolelyforoperating theaccessories,i ti smore economicalinthelongruntogeta275-wattZWtrans- former initially. Page 41 UsefulCDsHo wt oEst i mat eAvai l abl ePower Asstatedbefore,thewattagerati ngofatransformer tells youhowmuchpower i t willtake from your household mains.However, all ofthi s powerisnotavailable for your train.Fromaboutone-quartertoone-eighthofthetotal wattage taken from the lines is usedup by the transformer itselfi n transforming the powerfrom high to lowvoltage. This wattage lossbecomesapparent inthe warmingupof the transformeras i t is used. Atransformeroperatingcontinuouslyforlongperiods oftimeorinwarmsurroundingswillbeabletodeliver lesspowerthanoneusedintermittentlyorincoolsur- roundings.As the transformer warms up i n use its output voltageandwattagewilldropgradually. As anexample, a90-wattNo.1033Transformershould notbeusedtodelivermorethan60wattsofusablelow- voltagepower.A275-wattZWtransformershouldnotbe counted onto supplymorethan 200watts.I t isimportant totakethi slossintoconsiderationwhenestimatingthe amount ofequipmentyour transformercanoperate. Tabl ef or Sel ect i onofTransf ormers I Recommended forOperating TransformerCapacitythe Following 1033 RW TW KW zw 90 watts 110 watts 175 watts 190 watts 275watts Onr027outfitwithsmokeand whistle;fewtrackorsignalacces- sorirs. Any0 outfitwithsmokrand whistle;fewswitchcsandotherac- cessories. Any0 outfitwithaconsidcrable nurnbcrofaccessories. Two 0outfitswithsmoke, whistle, switchrsandotheraccessories. Anypracticalrailroadsystemwith twoormoretrains,etc. Howt oConnect Transf ormersi n Paral l el Whenthe powerrequirements ofa modelrailroad are so large thatmorethanonetransformerisneeded,thebest practiceis to useone transformerto furni sh variablevolt- age for the track and reserve other transformerfor lights andaccessories.I nsomecases,however,whenseveral trai nsare operatedat thesame timeinvariousinsulated sections ofsystem, i t mi ght be necessaryto use more than onetransformerfor thetrackitself. Toconnecttwotransformerstothe tracktheymustbe properlyphasedso that the highand lowpeaksofthei r alternations coincide.Ifthey donotashort circuit willbe createdwheneverlocomotivecontactrollersbridgeacross a fi bre pinseparating twoinsulatedportions oftrack. To phase two transformers proceed as follows : Connect theUbinding postfromeachtransformertotheNo.1 clip ofa lockonattached to a pieceoftrack.Set the output voltagesofthetwotransformersatthesamepointand plugthe transformercordsintoawalloutlet.Thentouch togetherapairofwiresleadingfromtheAbinding posts.I fyouget a strongspark indicating ashort circuit reversethepl ugofoneofthe transformers. Once youhave determined the correct position ofthe two plugs mark them insomewaysothatyouwillbeabletoconnectthem correctlyi nthefutureorconnectthetwotransformer cords permanently bywiring them to the same plug. Whenthetransformersarei nphasethei rgroundor common postscanbeconnectedto the outsidegroundrail, andtheavailablevoltagecircuitsusedtosupplyseveral different voltages required by the various insulated portions ofthe center powerrail. Even whenthe transformersare i n phase,however,you must be careful to set the voltage of the two adjacent sections at approximately the same point when transferri ng a locomo- tive slowly from one circuit to the other. Otherwise i ts rollers may bridge the insulating pinlong enoughso thatthe par- tialshort created at that momentwillstopthe locomotive. Cl eanandLubr i cat eYourEqui pment UsefulCDsHOWTOBUILDA One ofthe most fascinating things about owning a minia- ture trai n is the planningand buildingofamodellayout that has all the features ofan actual railroad system. With Lionel'swideselectionoftracksand accessoriesi t i s easy toduplicateanyoftheoperationsofthebigroads.Like all hobbies, model railroading develops slowly.You can start with a layout that fi ts your income, and add to i t gradually. This booklethas afew ideas to get youstarted. Youcan geta great manymorefrom"ModelRailroading",a384- pageBantamBookwhichi s available for 35cents at your newsdealeror from theLionelAdvertisingDepartment. Pl anYourLayout Car ef ul l y Fi rst step i s to getout yourpenciland putdowna few ideas that willguide youin your planning.Where willyour " Wi peYourTr ackRegul arl y"MODELRAILROAD Over al l si ze: 82" x32". Trackneeded:8sections straight,10sectionscurved, pai rofswitches. Over al l si ze: 82"x41" . Trackneeded:14 sections straight,9curved,3switches 1remotecontrolsection. Over al l si ze: 82"x41". Trackneeded:15sections straight,14sectionscurved. one90degreecrossing,one remotecontrolsection. Over al l si ze: 82" x41". Trackneeded:14sections straight,10seclionscurved. 4switches,2remotecontrol sections. Hereareaf ewofthesimplerlayouts.Thesearein"0'track.Similar " 027" layoutswillbetenpercentsmaller. Page43 UsefulCDsnu%%=- - ThisistheapproximateAdda few straight sec-To getapassingsid-Twomoreswitches,oneOnecurve,7straights,Anotherset of switches, layoutyougetwiththetionstogetreadyforingadd2switches.2crossingand2curved2 more switches provide7straights,21curves Lioneloutfityoubuy.areallybigoperation.curved.3straights.sectionsgiveyou this.aclassificationyard.completeyourrailroad. layout be? I n the cellar? The atti c? Aspare room? Sketch intheavailablespacetoscaleandroughinafewideas. To help youplan your layout accurately 0or 027track templatesareavailablefreeofchargefromtheLionel EngineeringDepartment. Whenyouplanyourfi rst tracklayout,besure to allow for future growth ofyourrailsystem. As youaddto your rolling stock youwillwant moresidings, classificationand storage yards, reversingloops,frei ghtandpassengerter- minals, industrial installations.The simple siding in todays layoutmaytomorrowbecomeacompletenewbranchof yourrailroadempire.Thesketchesaboveshowastep-by- steptransformationfromasimpleovaltoaking-size railroadsystem. El evat eYourLayoutTheideallocationforapermanentlayoutisonalarge tableorspeciallybuiltrun-aroundwallshelving.Floor layoutsrisktheperilsofstepped-ontrack,theyareawk- ward to get at and a problem when the floor needs cleaning. Favorite spots for waist-level trai n setups are dry cellars, attics, spare roomsandgarages.The diagrams belowillus- tratesimplemethodsofbuildingwallshelvingortables. Platformscanbecheaplyconstructedofoldlumberor second-handplywood.Plywoodhasdefiniteadvantagesin thati trequireslittlecuttingorfi tti ngandsimplifies Page44 drilling ofholesfor hiddenwiring.Asheetofcelotexover the plywoodwillhelpsound-proofyourlayout.Ifyoucon- structatablearrangementbesurethatthelegsare weli cross-braced.Wallshelving,too,shouldbesturdilybuilt to preventsway and unsteadiness. One ofthe principal reasons for the shelfor table layout is tobringmodeltrai noperationtoarealistic-viewangle. Althoughthereissomedisputeastothecorrectheight from thefloor,the generalagreementis that40inchesis about ri ghtfor adults, aheightofabout26inchesfor the seven or eight-year-olds.For afather-and-sonlayoutbuild asix-inchstep to takecare ofthe juniorpartner. Cl eanand Lubr i caf eYour Equi pment UsefulCDsBui l di ngGr ades TotakefulladvantageofLionelsMagne-Traction locomotivesandtoprovideforexcitementofoverpassing trai nsyouwillundoubtedlywanttohavesomegraded mountainsectionsinyourlayout.Keepthegradesas gradual as possible-%rise per section oftrack is as steep as youshouldgo-andbesure theyare anchoredsecurely so that trai n vibrationwillnotloosenthem. Wi peYourTr ackRegul arl yReal i smwi t hScenery Scenery brings it to life.Yes, landscapingis one ofthe mostimportantpartsofbuildingamodelpike.General planningofi tshouldtakeplaceatthesametimeyoure fi guri ngoutyourrailwaysystem,andsomeoftheactual work must be done before youlay a single section oftrack. Mountainous areas, rivers, valleys should be in placebefore tracklayingisdone,sothatworkingonthemwillnot disturbyourroadbed.Locationoftownswilldependon placingofyourindustrialsidingandpassengerstations. Keep in mind that youare developing an enti re community andcountryside.Everythingyouplaceini tshouldhavea reason for being where i t is.Sketches on these pages show the steps in landscaping asimple layout. accessor i es Fi rstlayoutyourtrack,switchesandoperating equip- ment as youplan to have them, withoutnailing them down. Page45 UsefulCDsThen, with a pencil, mark off your roadbed with a line about 1/2outsidethetiesofthetrack.Removetrackand paint trackbedwiththick,greypaint.Whilepaintisstillwet sprinkle i t with fine ballaststone or sand.After paint has dried,replacetrack andfasteni t down. Themountaintunneli s builtofwood,wirescreenand rags.Cuttwotunnelportalsandwingsoutof1/2pine. Aftermakingsurethattheygiveenoughclearancefor escreeni sformedover por- s - bent t oformmount ai ns.Tunnelpor t ol s ar e cut out of wood, nai l ed together and t oe-nai l edt ot abl e. Al ake i seasy t omake! Rag sorest ret chedonframe, nai l ed and gl ued. andGl asswi t hbl ue paper Sandunderneath. MATERIALS USED FOR LANDSCAPING 2Ib.box wal l si r e glue 1treenai nt 8i &t yel kw-green) 112 pt.l i ght brown paint 1t.darkreen pai nt 715pt.ye~iow pai nt 1pt.white pai nt 3paint brushes(2 ,1 Li onelgrassNo.919 Naturalcolorsawdust Pi eces ofold sponge Gravel,Sand,Li chen and114 ) trains, toenail theminto position.Youcanuseoldwindow screenfor theentiremountain-crumpleitup,tacki tto portal openingsand downto the platform. Nootherframe is needed, as the wire is stiffenoughto holdi ts shape.I f youwanttoputanaccessoryontopofthemountain, flattenthe wireoutforaplateau.Nextstretcholdrags over the wire, tackingthemdownontheplatformj ustas youdidthewire.Givethe wholesurfaceacoatofcheap varnishorshellacanditsfinished,readytopaint. The lakecanbemadeofbluepaperandanoldpieceof glass.Mountthepaperonthe platform,thentouchi tup with brownandgreencrayons to relievetheflatness of the blue.Cover the paper with the pieceofglass. To cover the edges ofthe glass makearockyshore ofgraveland stones,heldtogetherwithWallSizeGlue.Thismethod canalsobeusedtoconcealtheedgesofyourmountains, where wire screen and rags have beentackeddown. Theres practically no limit to the different materials you canusefor plants and shrubs.Some modelbuildersprefer NorwegianLichenfortrees.BabysBreath,soldby florists also makesfine trees, after severalsmall branches havebeenjoinedtogetherandhavebeendippedingreen paint and sprinkled with sawdust. Sponges make good shrubs and bushesand canbetrimmedto almostany shape.They should bewellsoakedin water beforepiecesare tornfrom them, coloredgreenwithtintexdye,andgluedinto place. Usepaintasthebaseforyourfl atsections,too.For fields,lawns,etc.,brushwithgreenpaintand,whilestill wet, sprinkle with Lionel No.919 Artificial Grass. For di rt patches, scatter with yellow sand and gravel. Coffee grounds canalsobeusedtosimulatecultivatedfields.Highways and roadsshouldalso bepainted,thensprinkledwithfi ne beach sand. For country roads, score lightly to indicate ruts. Buildingssuchashouses,factories,churchescanbe constructedfromplansfurnishedbymodelmagazines,or fromki tsavailableathobbyshops.Onceyouvegotthe knackofi t youwillnse your owndesigns. Cl eanandLubr i cat eYour Equi pment Page46 UsefulCDsFOURINTERESTINGLAYOUTS Here are fourintriguing layouts that youcanshootfor whenyoustart planningyourrailwaysystem.Themodel railroadsonthi spageare goodexamplesofhowyoucan beginwithsimpleloopsandgraduallyexpandwiththe addition ofswitches and sidings.Anyone ofthese layouts. when finished, can handle several trains, and all are planned f or bothpassengerandfrei ghtservice. These drawings give youan idea ofthe numberoftrack sections, switches, and remotecontrolsections needed.YOTIwillnote that some layouts call for the useofhalf-track or odd lengths.0half-sectionsare availableat yourdealer. Others you can easily make yourselfas described on page 34. Thelayoutillustratedindrawingbelowisanexcellent roadtofi t onalargetableoranaround-the-roomlayout. Itpermitssimpleoperation, eventhoughtwotrai nsmay beruninoppositedirections.Space needed:130inchesby 110inches. The layoutillustrated above requires onlyfourswitches. Crossing at upperleft-handcorner canbeaccomplished by gradingwithoverpass.Spaceneeded:130inchesby100 inches. Mostofthelayoutsonthesepagesdonotindicateany gradingoftrackbeds.Thisfeaturehasbeenomitted becausegrading willbegreatlyinfluencedbythelocation ofyour layout.Anyofthe layoutsshowncanbeenhanced by grading, and in most cases overpasses can be substituted wherecrossingsareshown. Page47 Wi peYour TrackRegul arl y UsefulCDsttf I nlayoutaboveyoucanstartwiththebiglooparound the table.Later, youcaninsert additionalsidings,suchas the station siding, and the housetrack where the log-loader islocated.Thecoal-loadersidingcanbeaddedwhencon- venient,andcanbeplacedalmostanywhereontheroad. Fi nal additioncouldbethereversinglooponthebottom. Space needed:140inches by160 inches. Page 48 Layoutbelowpresentsinterestingpossibilitiesfor in the center can be graded for hump classification yards. Thetrackshowndottedattheleftindicatesthatitis beneath a mountain. Space needed : 140 inches by 120 inches. Allaccessoriesshown are availableat yourLioneldealer, with the exception ofthe turntable. You can build thi s turn- table yourselffrom plans furnished bymodel builder maga- zines.Youwill,ofcourse,wantto adda numberofacces- soriessuchassemaphores,blocksignals,etc. CleanandLubri cateYourEquipment UsefulCDsAUTOMATICTRAINOPERATION Nomatterhowlittleyouknowaboutbasicelectrical principleswhenyoustart, youwillfindyourselfbecoming moreandmorefamiliarwiththemasyourmodelpike progresses.Youwilldiscoverthattherei s noendtothe unusual effects you can produce. For instance, you can add a lot ofexcitement to your trai n operation by wiring automatic railroads on which two oppos- i ng trai ns can run indefinitely,never colliding.The secret, ofcourse,i sinletting thetrai nscontroleachother.On thesesystemsa trai nemerging fromthesidingactivates the trai n that has been deadenedonthe othersiding. - Sec t i onAi s madeupof OSS t r ac k wi t hs t eel pi ns bet ween adi ac ent sect i ons. I I Sec t i ons B andCar er equl ar I It r ockwi t h f i br eDi nsloc-ated1 .DI RECTI ON Wi peYourTr ackRegul arl yT Lp I A l l s ec t i ons A shoul dbeatl eas tonet r ai nl engt h. Sect i onBi s madeof a t l eas tt hr ees ec t i ons of r egul ar t r ack us i ng f i br epi nsOSshown. Sect i ons C ar emadeoft wo s ec t i onsofi ns ul at ed OSSt r ack i oi ned wi t hs t eel pi ns. I n the operationat left, groundrailsofsidings Eand C are insulatedso thatatrai nalwayshaltsonthemuntil a second trai n onsectionAprovidesthe groundcircuit to restartit.Theswitchesareinterconnectedso thatwhen one is openi ts oppositenumberis closed. I n the layouton top the trai ns stop alternately insiding Buntilthe second trai nenters blockCin the upperright. Switches are thrownwhena trai nhi ts blockCon the left. The methodi s simple enoughand requires little work.If specialinsulatedtracksectionsarenotavailableatyour dealer youcanmake them yourselfas shownon page 35. Page49 UsefulCDsRUNNINGA Mostintricateofallmodelrailwaysystems-andthe mostexciting ofall-istheonethatrequirestheservices ofa numberofoperators. Suchsystems are j ustthe thing formodelrailroadclubsorforfamiliesinwhichseveral members all wantto participate. Theoneshownhereissetupfor fouroperatorsbutif space allows it can be easilyexpanded. TheNo.1 mani sengineeroftheoutsidelooptrai n, controllingthetrai nonly.No.2mani sdispatcherand operatoroftheoutside loop,controllingswitches,signals andanyoperatingaccessories.Allsemaphoresandblock signalsareremote-controlledbydispatcher,soengineer mustwatchthemcarefullyi ntheoperationofhistrain. Theinsideloopalsohasbothtrai nengineerand dispatcher-yardmaster.No.3manrunstheinsideloop trai n, while No. 4controls track operationsand accessories. RAILROAD watchhis semaphoresand blocksignals.Ayellowlight on 153Asignal tellshimtoreducespeedtotakeswitchand passintosidingA.Yellowlightonl53B(replacingred light on signal)indicates reducedspeed to take crossover B. When crossover switches at B are set to take trai ns from outside loop, switch C is also automaticallyset to take trai n inontrackD.This arrangementreversestrai nsothati t runs inthe properdirectiononinsideloop. EngineerNo.3mustalsofollowdirectionsofsignals controlledbyoperator4.Whenhei s topassoutontothe outsideloop,hefi rstbacksinto trackD,thenthroughE, thus reversing direction. Then he i s ready to take crossover F to outside loop. No.2operatorcontrols l i ftbridge, watertower, lumber loader, switches and all UCS sections on outside loop, No. 4 operator controls coal loader. coal ramp. all switches Operating thi s railroadi s like thi s: Engineer No.1 mustand UCS-sections oninside loop. ' c o n t r o l s wh i c h ar ebr oughtt o d i s p at c h er No.2.Do t t edl i n es s howc o n t r o l s br oughtt od i s p at c h er No.4. z IS1 A . T R A C K REQUIRED 57St r al g h tSec t i o n s7Cu r v edSec t i o n s34' 072' Cu r v edSec t i o n s5Pai r s Swi t c h es2L ef t - Han d Swi t c h esPage50"CleanandLubricateYour Equipment" UsefulCDsHOWTOTAMECAREOFLIONELEQUIP Lionel trai ns and accessories are made ofthe bestavail-or the rail pins have become rusted, good contacting surface able materialsandare carefully inspectedat everystep ofshouldberestoredbypolishingwithfinesandpaperor production to make sure they reach you i n perfect condition.emerycloth.Dowotusesteelwool.Loosepinsshouldhe Likeallfi ne mechanicalequipment, however, Lioneltrai nstightenedwitha pai r oftrack pliersdescribed on page 35. willperform betterandlast longerifyoutreatthemwithAllmissingpinsshouldbereplaced. propercare.Frequentlyrails and pins become rust-coatedduri ng stor- Whilecompleteover-haulingandreplacementofpartsi sage, particularlyiftheyare keptina damp place.Alight bestdone by an Author-coatoflubricant spreadonthe rails before they are stored izedLionelRepairman,awaywillkeepthemingoodconditionandfreeofrust. LionelNo.921LubricatingKit Cl eani ngYourEquipment youcandoagreat deal yourselftokeepyour trai ns in goodoperating order.Themostimpor- tantthi ngyoucando i stocleanandlubri- cateyourequipment regularly. AcompleteLubricat- i ng and Maintenance Kit No.927,containingde- tailedinstructionsand necessarymaterials,i s availableat yourLionel Dealer at $1.50 and i s a goodinvestmentfora modelrailroader. AllpartsofyourLioneloutfi t whichserve aselectrical contactingsurfacesmustbekeptcleanandfreeofoilor grease which mi ght act as an insulator. These parts are the rollingsurfacesoflocomotiveandcarwheels,thecontact rollersandslidersandthetrackitself.Dampenaclean clothwithLionelCleanerorotherhouseholdcleaner,run i t over the surface to be cleaned, then wipe dry. Ifthe rails " Wi peYourTrackRegul arl y"To keepyouroutfi t looking newyoumaywanttoclean the carsas well.The paintedsurfaces ofcar bodiesshould becleanedwithaclothsaturated withmildsoapsuds and driedcarefully.Donotuseanyabrasivecleanersand solventsoryouwilldestroythecarmarkings. Lubri cat i ngLi onel Trai ns Like allfi ne mechanical equipment,LionelTrai ns should beproperlylubricated.Thi s willguarantee goodoperation and prolong the life ofyourequipment. Proper lubrication does not mean excessive lubrication. Too much oil or grease i s j ustas badasnoneatall,becausei twillgatherdust, foulthemotor,andgetonthewheelsandtrackmaking them so slippery that the locomotive willnot be able to pull the trai n.Lubricate thoroughly, but sparingly, and wipe off all excessoil or grease. Wher eNott o Lubri ca+e Some parts ofLionelequipment shouldnot be lubricated at all because oil 01- grease would i nterfere with thei r opera- tion. These parts are: Motorbrushesorthecommutatorsurfaceofmotor armatures ; Trackrailsor runni ng surfacesoflocomotivewheels ; Conveyorbeltscarryi ng artificialcoal ; Contact rollers oflocomotives and cars ofthe type where the rollerturns ona rigidly fixedaxle. Page51 UsefulCDsWher et oUseLionelLubri cantAtube ofspecial non-fluidLionel Lubricant i s furnished witheachLionel outfit.Becausethi s grease-typelubricant does not run, i t should be usedfor all exposed moving parts oflocomotivesandcars.Suchexposedparts,markedby letterL in the sketches onthese pages,include gears, ends ofpilot wheel axles, truckpivots and guides. Pay particular attentiontotheexposedendsofarmatureshafts inloco- motivesequippedwithtransverselymountedmotors,such asNos.2055,2026and2046.Becausetheseshaftsrotate at highratesofspeedtheyrequirelubricationmorefre- quently than any other part ofthe locomotive.The armature ends can be easily reached as shown in the illustration below. Locomotiveswherethemotorismountedlengthwisedo notrequire as muchattention since theyare equipped with large lubricantreservoirswhichare filledat theFactory. Locomotivescontainingmotorsofthi stypeare Nos.681, 736and2353.Similarmotorsare usedinsuchaccessories as the 364lumberand397coalloaders.Amotorequipped with a lubricant reservoiri s at top left ofnextcolumn. Page52 I Wher et oUseOil ThedrivingaxlesofLionellocomotivesruninporous bronzebushingswhichareimpregnatedwithoilatthe Factoryandretainthei rself-lubricatingpropertiesfora long time.Thi s self-containedoilsupply can bereplenished withafewdropsoflightmotoroil.Oilisalsousedto replenishoilwickssuch as are usedto lubricatethe arma- ture shafts in the whistle motor and in locomotives No.623 and 2031. Sketch above ri ght shows a type ofmotor using an oil wick for lubrication. I n applying oil be careful not to get any into the brush wellswhich adjoin the oil hole.To avoid excessiveuseofoil,andtodirecti tonlyatthedesired location, the oilshould beapplieda drop at a time,usinga toothpickoralongwireas applicator. Lubri cat i ngCar Trucks Improperlylubricatedcar trucksmaydoublethedrag onyourlocomotive.Spinthe wheels byhand.Iftheyshow any signs ofdrag or binding removetheoldlubricantand the accumulated dust and di rt withLionelCleanerandap- plyadaboffreshlubricant at ends ofaxles.(Poi nts "L.") " Cl eanandLubr i cat eYourEqui pment" UsefulCDs- &) LUBRICATEBOTHENDSOFTHISSHAFT ~LubricatingPointsofaTypicalLionelLocomotive Equippedwitha Transversely-Mounted SpurGearMotor TheTrainWhi stl e Thetrai n whistleis locatedi nthecoaltenderandcan be reached by taking off the body ofthe tender. The whistle r7 OIL WICK *.WHISTLEMOTOR A'LRELAY CONTACTS " Wi peYourTrackRegularly"LubricatingPointsofLionelNo.681Locomotive inwhichtheMotorIsMountedLengthwise consistsofarelay,awhistlechamber,andthewhistle motor. The motori s similartootherLionelmotorsandi s cleanedin the same way,althoughthe brush platemust be removed to reach the commutator. The oil wick which lubri- catesthearmatureshaftofthismotoriscontainedi na long housing on top ofthe brush plate. To lubricate take out the wick, dip i t in light machine oil,squeezeout the excess oilgentlyandreplacethe wick. ReplacingHeadl i ghtLamps Ifthebulbinthelocomotiveheadlightorinanillumi- natedaccessorydoesnotlight,fi rstchecktoseethatthe bulbis ti ghtini tssocket.Ifthelampisburnedoutyou caneasilyreplacei tyourselfbyobtainingasparefrom your dealer.The chart onthe insideofthe backcover lists replacementlamps for all modern Lionel equipment. Page 53 UsefulCDsHowt oCl eanMot or s Sluggish andunevenoperation ofthe locomotiveis most oftencausedbyadi rtymotor.AtypicalLionelmotor consistsofpartsillustratedbelow.Althoughtheseparts may vary somewhat in shape andarrangement they canbe easilyrecognizedandarecleanedinthesameway.The mostimportantparttobecleaned. i sthecomrnut at or, the segmentedcoppersurfaceonwhlchthecarbonh ms h c smake thei r contact. The commutatorcan be easily seen and reachedfor cleaning onlocomotiveshavinga transversely- mountedmotor.Topolishthecommutatorturntheloco- motiveoni tsside andconnectoneire from transformer tothe locomotivecontactrollerandtheotherwiretoany metal part ofthe locomotive body.The motor willthenrun. Whilei t i s runni ng pressa small pieceofveryfi ne sand- paper agai nst the movingcommutator.Thencleanoutthe 11 CARBON BRUSHES 1.Washwi thLi onelCleaner Cl eanout wi th Li onelCleaner COMMUTATO~~s COMMUTATORSEGMENTSPL ATE 1.Wash wi t h Li onelCl eaner Cl eanoutwi th pointod st i ck.2.Pal i ah wi th f i ne sandpaper commutator slots with an orange stick, toothpick, or similar pointedwoodinstrument. I nlocomotiveswherethemotori smountedlengthwise, themotorcanbereachedonlyafterthelocomotivebody i s removed. I n many ofthem the commutator can be reached througha holei n thebrushplate. Mot orTroubl eShooting Ifyourtrai nrefusestorun,fi rstmakesurethatthe transformer i s pluggedi n and that youare getti ng curl-ent fromthetransformeroutputterminals.Thenseethatall connectionsontransformersandtrackarecorrectand firmly fastened. See that there are three steelpins inserted at the end of each section oftrack. I f trai n still does not run, disconnect the two transformer wiresfromtrack.Proplocomotiveri ghtsideupsothat, wheelsarefree to turn.Touchoneofthesewirestoany unpaintedpartofthemotorframe.Wi ththeother